@ 



OldandNew St. LOUIS: 



k CONCISE HISTORY OF THE METROPOLIS OF THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST, 

WITH A REVIEW OF ITS PRESENT CREATNESS AND 

IMMEDIATE PROSPECTS, 



J K7VY ES COX, 

hft/iiV 0/ '-.St. Louis 77invt_i;/i II Cn/iu'm." '-The Carnival City of the Uor/,t." "Missoi-ii at t/ir 
World's Fair." "(htr (ken Country." C-^c. 



BIOCRAPHICHL HPPENDIX. 



COMPIl.HlJ BY THr 



ENTRAL BIOGRAl^HICAL PUBLISHING CO. 



ST. LOriS, I.S94: 
CHNTRAl. BKXiRAPHICAl. PUBI.ISHINC . CO., 



THE SUNDAY MIRROR. 






\^'- 



Press of ^^ — m^ 

CONTINENTAL PRINTING CO., 

:;!:; North Third Street. 

»-^ST. LOUIS. 



f} '1 ^' -^ 



^ PUBLISHERS' NOTICE. 

^ ..^^^ 

THE PUBLICATION of "Old and New St. Louis" has been delayed far beyond 
the wishes of the publishers by the immense amount of work wliicli had to 
be d(^ne, not onl\- in securin.y; data concerning the li\-es and achie\'ements of 
prominent men in tlie city, but also in having the necessarx' steel plates made. A large 
number of gentlemen who C(Uild not possibK' he excluded from a work of this character 
ha\e been absent from the city, and neither photographs nor biographical data could be 
obtained until they returned. The completeness of the work and the unprecedented 
and uniform excellence of the plates is ample justification for the delay. 

The introductory and historical chapters hax'e been in print for upwards of a year, 
and since the\- were written a number of events hax'e taken place which have greatly 
affected the citx's standing and its prospects. The financial depression of 1893 has 
been succeeded by a period of healthy reaction. No city in the United States with- 
stood the panic in such a th(M'oughl\' satisfactory manner as St. Louis, which has the 
proud record of no bank failure for a period ()f nearly nine \-ears. St. Louis generall_\- 
is in a much better condition tinancially and commercialK- than it was when the earlier 
chapters of this work were prepared, and it now stands before the world a model of 
financial strength and of conser\-ati\e progressiveness. 

The largest Union Railroad Station in the world, described in Chapter V., was com- 
pleted during tlie summer of 1894 and opened with befitting ceremonies at the com- 
mencement of the fall festi\-ities season. In every respect the depot has pro\-ed to be 
superior to expectation, and the words of praise written in anticipation of the completion 
of the work seem feeble and inadequate in \iew of the magnificent realization. 

The Planters Hotel, also described as in course of construction, was completed 
shortly after the New Union Station and was opened to the public immediatelw Like 
the magnificent structure fourteen blocks farther west, the Planters Hotel— referred to 
in this work as the New Planters House, its exact title not having been determined 
ui^on until a recent date — far exceeds expectation. It is declared by experts to be one 
of the tinest hotels in the world, and in man\- most important respects it is absolutely 



IV /V -n/JSI/J-KS- X( > TICK. 

unsurpassed and indeed unapproached. In the Biographical Appendix a record will be 
found of the lives of some of the men who have given to St. Louis this noble hostelry, 
and more particularh' should credit be gi\-en to Mr. Isaac S. Taylor. This accomplished 
architect not onl\' conceiwd the unique plan upon which the hotel is constructed, but 
also superintended the wi^rk in every detail, preparing special designs on every possible 
opportunity and earning the praise and commendation, not only of the owners of the 
hotel, but also of the public generally and of the traveling fraternity. 

The Autumnal Festi\-ities Association, whose work is described in Chapter VII., 
having completed its program, went out of existence on October 9, 1894, to be suc- 
ceeded by the Business Men's League, another organization which is justly entitled to 
be included in the list of "aids to progress."" The Veiled Prophet made his annual 
\-isit in October, preceded a few days by King Hotu. who, with his Funny Fellows, 
gave the hrst of a series of annual daylight parades. The city's record as a convention 
gathering place has been more than maintained, and tlie Trans-Mississippi Convention, 
held at the Exposition Building in November, bn)ught to the city representatix'e men 
from all the Western States. 

Another e\-ent of importance to St. Louis, not referred to at length in the historical 
chapters for obvious reasons, was the launching of the Steamship St. Louis at Philadel- 
phia on No\-ember 12, 1894. This magnificent steamship, the largest e\-er constructed 
in America, will carry the American flag between the United States and Europe. As 
soon as work commenced on this vessel, the Bureau of Information of the Autumnal 
Festivities Association entered into communication with Mr. Griscom. president of the 
International Na\-igation Company, and suggested to him that the ship be named 
"St. Louis," in honor of the great metropolis of tlie West and Southwest. The sugges- 
tion was favorably entertained, and subsequently a meeting was called at the mayor's 
office which resulted in a committee being appointed to xisit Philadelphia. On their 
arrival at the City of Brotherly Lo\-e the committee found that the request already made 
to President Griscom had been complied with. It accordingly pledged the city to make 
a suitable presentation to the ship in recognition of the courtesy extended. A large 
party of St. Louisans went to Philadelphia to be present at the launching, and when the 
great ship commenced to glide gracefull\- into the water, Mrs. Cle\'eland broke a bottle 
of St. Louis champagne upon it and christened it in due form. 

During 1894 a practical test has been made of the new water-works, which come 
up to every expectation. The street car equipment of the cit_\- has also been \-astly 



Pr/i/JSHJiKS' NOTICK. V 

impri)\-ed. The table nf mileLUj;e given on page 77 does not now represent tlie actual 
mileage (^f St. Louis street railways. Thus the Union Depot system, which is credited 
with tifty-ti\-e miles of track, has now seventy-six miles. The most important addition 
to its serxice has been the Grand Avenue division, the work on which is now nearly 
complete, and which will pro\'ide a most important north and south road. The Lindell 
company has increased its mileage from forty-one to tlfty-tlve miles. The most impor- 
tant addition to its serxice has been the Compton Heights division, with a total mileage 
of eleven. This line connects the Eads Bridge and the new Union Station with a dis- 
trict in the southwest wliich is \'ery thickly populated. The Baden Railway Company- 
has ceased to exist, and the old horse-car line has been replaced b\' a double-track 
electric road, operated b\' the owners (^f the Broadway cable. The total mileage of track 
in the city is now 208, with forty-ti\-e additional miles authorized and about to be con- 
structed. At the present time the percentage of cable to electric road is as one and 
eight. This percentage will be still further decreased by the substitution of electricit\- 
for cable power on the Citizen's road, or Franklin Avenue cable, as it is more generalK' 
called, the change being now nearly complete. 
St. Louis, December, 1894. 



c 



Table of content s. 

CHAPTER I . vxr.E. 

Oi.i) vSt. Loris: Kroni tlie Koundino; of tlie Tradiu"; Post in 17(U to the Adoption of the 

City Scheme and Charter in lf<7(), - - - Jt 

CHAPTER II. 
Xkw St. Lori.s: Some of the Influences which Brouo;ht About tlie City's vSecond Hirth. — 

A Succession of Triumphs, ....-.---- 2(i 

CHAPTER III. 
Ma.\1'K.\CTURK.s: a Brief vSummary of the Immense Importance of the Manufacturinij 

Interests of New St. Louis, .---....--- -Jl 

CHAPTER I V. 
Tr.\de .\xu Commerce: St. Louis Territory and the Way in which Its Orders for Merchan- 
dise are Executed, ------------ 4.") 

CHAPTER V. 

Rah.ro.-M) and River Facilities: The Best Railroad Center in the United vStates. — The 
Largest City on the Largest River in the World. — The Largest Railroad Station in 
the World, --------------.").•; 

CHAPTER \" I . 
Rai'II) Tran.sit and It.s Influences: Early Struggles of Omnibus and Street Car Com- 
panies. — The Introduction of Cable and Electric Power. — The Effect on Improvement.s 
and Values, ------- 7(1 

CHAPTER \' I 1 . 
Some Aid.s to Progress: The \'eiled Prophet, Autuumal P'estivities Association, Illumi- 
nations, Exposition and Fair. — Conventions. — Commercial Organizations, - - Tii 

CHAPTER \' I I I . 
P'lNWN'CE .\XD B.AXKiXG: Xew St. Louis an Important F'inancial Center. — Bank Clearings. — 

Trust Companies and Building Associations, --...-- ,s;i 

CHAPTER IX. 

BiiLDixG Improvements: One Hundred Miles of Street Frontage Built L^pon in Three 
Years. — History of the Fire-Proof Ofifice-Building Era. — Investments and Improve- 
ments and Their Influence upon Values, . - . - . . . ;)4 

CHAPTER X . 
MrxiciPAL Development: The Xew Water-Works. — X'ew City Hall. — Xew St. Louis, 

the Pioneer in Street vSprinkliug and Electric Lighting, ----- lO.i 

CHAPTER XI. 
Social Advaxtages: A Clean Bill of Health and Its Causes. — Educational Facilities. — 
Art. — Libraries. — Churches. — Music. — Theaters. — Clubs. — Hotels. — Bench and Bar. 
— Medical. — ^Journalism, ----------- H.') 

Biographical .Appendix, ------------ i;'>l 

General Index, - . . . 569 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



CHAPTER I. 

OLD ST. LOUIS. 

FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE TRADING POST IN 1764, TO THE ADOPTION OF THE CITY 
SCHEME AND CHARTER IN 1S76. 



HP: TRADTXa POST from which has 
o;ro\vii tlie fifth lar,y;est city in the 
United States was established in 17ii4, 
in which year Augnste Chouteau, with 
about thirty followers, landed at the 
foot of what is now known as Walnut 
street. The founders of the city erected a few 
log cabins on the ground subsequently occupied 
1)y Barnum's Hotel, and here they were joined 
by Pierre Liguest Laclede (or Pierre Laclede 
Liguest, as he seems to have signed his name), 
by whose directions the settlement had been 
made. Authorities differ concerning the origin 
of the name by which the city has been known 
from the first. The theory generally accepted 
to-day is that Laclede christened the settlement 
"St. Louis" in honor of the canonized monarch 
of France, though quite a large number of well- 
informed writers assert that he gave it the name 
as a mark of respect and lo)alty to Louis XV., 
who then occupied the French throne, and whose 
patron saint was Louis IX. In explanation of 
this latter theory, it is argued that Laclede was 
not aware that the territory west of the Missis- 
sippi Ri\cr had been ceded to Spain, and that 
he ouIn- learned of his error the following year, 
when, to his intense grief and disgust, he 
became acquainted with the terms of the treaty 
of Paris of 170;;. But, however this mav 



have been, the early settlers were almo.st exclu- 
sively French; and, although the territory was 
nominally under Spanish government, little ef- 
fort was made to assert authority or to introduce 
the Spanish language or customs. The history 
of the trading post during the eighteenth cen- 
tury has been written at length by several com- 
petent authorities. The adventures of the hardy 
pioneers were more thrilling than important, 
and for the purposes of this review it is suffi- 
cient to state that when the famous Louisiana 
purchase was completed in the year 1803, the 
population of St. Louis was still less than a 
thousand, with Carondelet as a separate trading 
post or town, with a population about one-fifth 
that of St. Louis itself. 

An excellent pen picture of St. Louis at the 
time of its passing into the hands of the United 
States is given by Richard Edwards in his 
"Great West." "There was," we are told, 
"but one baker in the town, by the name of 
LeClerc, who baked for the garrison, and who 
lived in Main street, between what is now 
known as Elm and Walnut. There were three 
blacksmiths, Delosier, who resided in IMain 
street, near Morgan; Recontre, who lived in 
Main, near Carr, and \'alois, who resided in 
Main, near Elm, and did the work for the gov- 
ernment. There was but one physician, who was 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Dr. Saugrain, who practiced many years after 
the territory passed into the possession of the 
American government, and who lived on Second 
street. 

" Tliere were but two little French taverns in 
the town, one kept by Yostic, and the other by 
Landreville, chiefly to accommodate the couriers 
des bois (hunters) and the voyageiirs (boatmen) 
of the Mississippi. These little taverns, visited 
by the brave, daring and reckless men, who 
lived three-fourths of the time remote from civ- 
ilization, in the wild solitudes of the forests and 
rivers, and in constant intercourse with the sav- 
ages, were the very nurseries of legendary nar- 
ratives, where the hunters, the trappers and the 
boatmen, all mingling together under the genial 
excitement of convivial influences, would relate 
perilous adventures, hair-breadth escapes; deaths 
of comrades and families by the tomahawk, star- 
vation and at the fire-stake; murders by the 
pirates of Grand Tower and Cottonwood Creek; 
captivity in the wilderness and cave, and pro- 
tracted sufferings in the most aigonizing forms 
incident to humanity. There is no record of 
these wild narratives, which could have been 
preserved for future times, had there been an 
historian, who, by the embalming power of 
genius, would have preserved them in an imper- 
ishable shape for posterity. Both of these 
taverns stood upon the corners of Main and 
Ivocust streets. 

" The principal merchants and traders, at the 
time of the cession to the United States, were 
Auguste Chouteau, who resided in Main street, 
between Market and Walnut; Pierre Chouteau, 
who resided on the corner of Main street and 
Washington avenue, and had the whole square 
encircled with a stone wall — he had an orchard 
of choice fruit, and his house and store were in 
one building — the store being the first story, 
and the family residence the second; Manuel Lisa 
lived on Second street, corner of Spnice; Labbadie 
& Sarpy; Roubidou lived at the corner of Elm 
and Main, and Jaques Clamorgan corner of 
Green and Main. The Debreuil family occu- 
pied a whole square on Second street, between 
Pine and Chestnut." 



THE FIRST 



The town of St. Louis was 



INCORPORATION. ^'^^ incorporated on Noxem- 
ber it, I.SO!', in accordance 
with the provisions of an act passed the preced- 
ing }-ear by the Legislature of the Territory of 
Louisiana. The boundaries as then defined cor- 
respond with present lines and names as follows: 
On the north a line from the river, .between 
Biddle and Ashley streets, to the vicinity of 
Seventh and Carr, thence south to Seventh and 
Cerre streets, and thence east to the river. The 
population of the town on its budding into cor- 
porate existence was 1,400, and its wealth, ac- 
cording to the first assessment, was $134, oKi. 
Auguste Chouteau was the heaviest tax-payer, 
his town assessment being $15,000, independent 
of about $G 1,000 worth of real estate which was 
situated beyond the limits of the little town, 
but which is now in the heart of the great cit\-. 
There had been a great deal of land speculation 
prior to this, and values had gone up every time 
the tide of immigration gained strength and im- 
petus. There were a few other wealthy men in 
the city, as wealth went in those days, includ- 
ing J. I>. C. Lucas, John O'Fallon, W^illiam 
Clark, William Christy and Henry Von Phul. 

After its incorporation the town of St. Louis 
began to grow rapidly, and in the year 1822, 
when it was advanced to the rank and dignit\' 
of a city, its population was 5,000. The boun- 
daries were extended in December of that year 
as far north as Ashley street and as far south as 
Labbadie and Convent streets, the western line 
being on Broadway, between Ashley and Biddle 
streets, and on Seventh, between Biddle and La1> 
badie streets. The area of the town was thus 
increased to 385 acres, on which there were to 
be found about 650 houses, 419 of which were 
frame. The taxable property had not yet reached 
a million dollars, and the annual income from 
taxation was a trifle less than $4,000. 

Several additions were platted out during the 
'30s, including the Lucas addition, between 
Seventh and Ninth and Market and St. Charles 
streets; the Soulard addition, between the river 
and Caroudelet avenue and Park and Geyer ave- 
nues; O'Fallon's 183(5 addition, between Sev- 



OLD ST. LOriS. 



11 



eiith and Eighth streets and Wash street and 
Franklin avenue; Langham's addition, between 
LaSalle and Rutger streets and Second and Fifth 
streets; Christy's addition, between Ninth and 
Twelfth streets and Franklin and Lucas avenues; 
O' Fallon's 1837 addition, between Seventh and 
Fourteenth streets and Franklin avenue and 
Biddle street; and Soulard's second addition, be- 
tween Carondelet avenue and Decatur street and 
Park and Geyer avenues, including a reserved 
square, subsequently the site of the Soulard 
Market. 

In l'So9 the city limits were again extended. 
In the meantime the population had increased 
rapidly and was now 16,000, with taxable prop- 
erty assessed at $8,682,000. In 1841 the limits 
were again increased, this time to take in a to- 
tal area of 2,630 acres and to increase the tax- 
able property to twelve millions. Additions 
were laid out in large numbers during the next 
fifteen years, including William C. Carr's third 
addition from Eighteenth street to Jefferson 
avenue, between Franklin avenue and Biddle 
street. The conditions of the dedication of this 
addition were unique. It was declared that 
there "shall be no butchery, tallow chan(ller\-, 
soap factor}', steam factory, tanner\-, nine-pin 
alley, or any other offensive business or occupa- 
tion, set up or carried on in any part of said ad- 
dition, whereby the dwellers or any lot-owners, 
proprietors or occupants may be in any way an- 
noyed or disturbed." Nine-pin alleys appear 
to ha\e been a special menace to peace and 
quietness half a century ago, for the dedication 
of several other additions contain specific ref- 
erences to and restrictions against them. 

In December, 1855, the city limits were again 
extended, and most of the additions of the last 
ten or twelve years were taken in. The south- 
ern boundar)' was extended to Keokuk street, 
and a line 660 feet west and north of Grand ave- 
nue became the western and northern limits. 
The area of the city was increased to seventeen 
square miles, and the assessed valuation to 
$59, (509, 289. The town of Bremen, incorporated 
in 1815, and the town of Highland, incorporated 
three years later, were absorbed bv the exten- 



sion. The former has preserved its name and 
individiuility to this day, but the latter is known 
only to Iiistory and the proverbial " oldest in- 
hal)itant. ' ' It included the five squares between 
Jefferson and Leffingwell avenues, from Laclede 
avenue to Eugenia street. Among the numer- 
ous subdivisions which became portions of the 
city in 1855, the Stoddard and Compton Hill 
additions are the only two which have preserved 
their identity to any extent, or whose names are 
familiar to any except title examiners and realty 
agents. 

After another interval of fifteen years, in 
April, 1870, the limits were again extended, 
and Carondelet became a portion of St. Louis. 
Our southern neighbor, which at one time had 
been looked upon as a possible rival, had not 
been able to keep uj) with us, though it had 
grown into a prosperous little city, first incorpo- 
rated in 1833, and advanced to city rank 
eighteen years later. In 1872 the limits were 
extended north and west so as to include Tower 
Grove, Forest and O' Fallon Parks, but in 1871 
the Legislature repealed the act and restored the 
limits of 1870. 

On August 22, 1.S76, the scheme and charter 
was adopted, and the cit)' of St. Louis was sep- 
arated from the county, it being thus made a 
free city in local government; an advantage 
possessed by no other city in the Mississippi 
Valley.* The area was increased to sixty-two 
and one-fourth square miles, and the assessed 
value of real estate to $181,345,560. The new 
territory made part of St. Louis included the 
towns of Lowell, incorporated in 1849; Rock 
Springs (1852), Cheltenham (1852), Quinette 
(1859), Mount Olive (1854), and Cote Bril- 
liaute (1853), as well as McRee City, Fair- 
mount, Rose Hill, Evans Place and College 
Hill additions. Some of these towns and ad- 
ditions still retain their names, while others 
have completely lost their identity, and become 
entirely merged into the general street nomen- 
clature. Every one has heard of, and may have 



*As far as the writer has been able to ascertain, there 
but one other town in the United States which is prac- 
:allv a conntv as well as a citv. 



12 



OLD AND NJ-IW ST. LOUIS. 



smelt, Lowell, but comparatively few could lo- 
cate Quinette or McRee City. Twenty years 
hence, few, if any, of these distinctive names 
will exist in anything but a pleasant memory. 

St. Louis kept pace with 



EARLY FINANCIAL 
DIFFICULTIES. 



its increase in territory. 



post-office was established 
soon after the Louisiana purchase, and Rufus 
Easton, a lawyer and title examiner, was the 
first postmaster. In July, 1808, Joseph Char- 
less commenced the issue of the Missouri Gazette, 
the first newspaper published west of the Mis- 
sissippi. It was necessarily a very primitive 
newspaper, but its growth has been on a par 
with that of the city, and, as the Missouri Re- 
publican and the St. Louis Republic, it has 
acquired national importance and influence. In 
LSll there were two schools, one French and 
one English, and during that year a market was 
erected on Centre Square, between Market and 
Walnut streets and Main street and the river, 
the site of the old Merchants' Exchange. In 
1816 the first bank was incorporated, with Samuel 
Hammond as president and John B. N. Smith, 
cashier. Prior to this there had been little or 
no circulating medium in St. Louis, trading be- 
ing conducted by means of exchanges of lead 
and skins for groceries, dry goods and other 
merchandise. This financial institution, the 
Bank of St. Louis, soon had a rival in the Bank 
of Missouri, established in 1817, with Auguste 
Chouteau as president, but neither of these banks 
enjoyed a lengthy career of prosperity. Even 
in those days bank officials were not proof against 
the temptation of over-speculation. 

While the inhabitants of St. Louis were wor- 
rying over financial problems, Missouri was ad- 
mitted to the Union, and in December, 1.S22, 
the newly-formed State Legislature passed an 
act incorporating St. Louis. In April of the 
following year the first corporate officers of the 
city were elected. Mr. William Carr Lane was 
the first mayor of the city, and Messrs. Thomas 
McKnight, James Kennerly, Philip Rocheblane, 
Archibald Gamble, William H. Savage, Robert 
Nash, James Loper, Henry Von Phul and James 
Lackman were the first aldermen elected after 



the city's final incorporation. The size and 
importance of St. Louis at this period are 
easily ascertained, because, in 1821, the first St. 
Louis directory was published, and, although 
compared with publications of to-day the book 
appears crude and imperfect, it gives informa- 
tion of a very valuable character, and settles a 
great many questions which would otherwise be 
in dispute. 

From this directory it appears that in IMay, 
1821, or about eighteen months before the in- 
corporation, there were 651 dwelling houses in 
St. Louis; of these, 2o2 were of brick and stone 
and 419 were of wood, and rather more than 
half the structures were in the northern portion 
of the town. In addition to the dwelling houses, 
there were, to use the words of the directory, 
"a number of brick, stone and wooden ware- 
houses, stables, shops and outhouses." Among 
the buildings, the steamboat warehouse, built 
by ViX. Josiali Bright, is described as a large 
brick building, which would do credit to any of 
the Eastern cities. Mention is made of "the 
Cathedral," which, when the directory was 
compiled, was forty feet high, with a frontage 
of forty feet and a depth of one hundred 
and thirty-five, and also of the elegant and 
valuable library of Bishop Du Bourg. The 
St. Louis College, we are told, had sixty- 
fi\e students and several teachers. As to the 
other educational and mercantile establishments, 
the following extract from the directoiy tells 
the story concisely and with evident accuracy. 
" St. Louis likewise con- 
tains ten common schools, 
a brick Baptist church, forty 
feet by sixty, built in 1818, and an Episcopal 
church, of wood. The ]\Iethodist congregation 
hold their meetings in the old court house and 
the Presbyterians in the circuit court-room. In 
St. Louis are the following mercantile, profes- 
sional, mechanical, etc., establishments, viz.: 
Forty-six mercantile establishments, which carry 
on an extensive trade with the most distant parts 
of the Republic in merchandise, produce, furs 
and peltry; three auctioneers, who do consider- 
able business — each pays $200 per annum to 



A PEN PICTURE 
IN 1821. 



OLD ST. LOU/S. 



1.", 



the State for a license to sell, and on all 
personal property sold is a State dnty of 
three per cent, on real estate one and a half 
per cent and their commission of five per 
cent; three weekly newspapers, viz., the Sf. 
Louis Inquirer, Missouri Gazette and .S7. Louis 
Register., and as many printing offices; one 
book store; two binderies; three large inns, to- 
gether with a number of smaller taverns and 
boarding-houses; six livery stables; fifty-seven 
grocers and bottlers; twenty-seven attorneys 
andcounsellors-at-law; thirteen physicians; three 
druggists and apothecaries; three midwives; 
one portrait painter, who would do credit to any 
country; five clock and watchmakers, silver- 
smiths and jewelers; one silver plater; one en- 
graver; one brewery, where are manufactured 
beer, ale and porter of a quality equal to any in 
the Western country; one tannery; three soap 
and caudle factories; two brickyards; three 
stonecutters; fourteen bricklaj'ers and plasterers; 
twenty-eight carpenters; nine blacksmiths; three 
gunsmiths; two copper and tinware manufac- 
turers; six cabinetmakers; four coachmakers 
and wheelwrights; three saddle and harness 
manufacturers; seven turners and chairmakers; 
tliree hatters; twelve tailors; thirteen boot and 
shoe manufacturers; ten ornamental house and 
sign painters and glaziers; one uail factory; 
four hair-dressers and perfumers; two confec- 
tioners and cordial distillers; four coopers, block, 
pump and mastmakers; four bakers; one comb 
factory; one bellman; five billiard tables, which 
pay an annual tax of $100 each to the State 
and the same sum to the corporation; several 
hacks or pleasure carriages and a considerable 
number of drays and carts; se\-eral professional 
musicians, who play at the balls, which are very 
frequent and well attended by the inhabitants, 
more particularly the French, who, in general, 
are remarkably graceful performers and much 
attached to so rational, healthy and improving 
an amusement; two potteries are within a few 
miles, and there are several promising gardens 
in and near to the town." 

A great deal more information of a valuable 
character is given. Thus, we are told that 



eight streets ran parallel with the river, inter- 
sected by twenty-three streets running east and 
west. The streets in the lower part of the town 
were narrow, varying from thirty-two to thirty- 
eight and one-half feet in width, but the streets 
on "the hill" were much wider and more hand- 
some. On the hill in the center of the town 
was a public square 240x;^00 feet, reserved for a 
court-house. Mention is made of two fire en- 
gines, with properly organized companies, one 
in the northern and the other in the southern 
portion of the city, in addition to which every 
dwelling and store had to be provided with 
good leather fire buckets. Much space is de- 
voted to the Missouri Fur Company, whose cap- 
ital was "supposed" at the time to amount to 
about 870,000, the company having in its em- 
ploy twenty-five clerks and interpreters, and 
seventy laboring men. The Indian trade of the 
Missouri and Mississippi Rivers amounted to 
about $(500,000 a year; and the estimated im- 
ports of the town to about $2,000,000. The 
commerce by water was carried in by steam- 
boats, barges and keel boats, and the principal 
articles of trade were fur, peltry, lead and agri- 
cultural products. Two miles above town, at 
North St. Louis, there was a steam saw-mill, 
with several common mills on neighboring 
streams. "The roads leading from St. Lotiis," 
the directory notice continues, "are very good, 
and it is expected that the great national turn- 
pike leading from Washington will strike this 
place, as the Commissioners of the United States 
have reported in favor of it." 

The population of the town was estimated at 
r),500 by the compiler of the directory, and the 
alphabetical list of householders contains about 
800 names. It is interesting to note the first 
name on the list is " Abel, Sarah, seamstress, 
North Fourth, above C," and the last "Young, 
Benjamin, baker and grocer, 81 South Main 
street." 

The salary of the first mayor 
of St. Louis, Mr. William Carr 



THE CITVS 
FIRST MAYOR. 



Lane, was fixed at $;500 per 
annum, but he applied himself most zealously 
to the city's interest; and among the first acts 



14 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



of his administration were the division of the 
city into wards, the straightening and more ac- 
curate defining of the streets, the appointment 
of assessors and health officers, and the grad- 
ing and partial paving of Main street. 

In 1826 an ordinance was passed authorizing 
the building of a court-house, and in the follow- 
ing year work was commenced on the arsenal. 
A forward step was taken in the direction of 
city improvements by the systematic naming 
of the streets. At first, all the streets of St. 
Louis bore French names. Main street, from 
Almond to Morgan, was "La Rue Principale," 
and Second street was "La Rue de TEglise," or 
Church street, so called because of the first 
church of the city being built upon it. These 
French names had continued until 18()!», when 
another system was adopted. Market street, 
which was even then the dividing line between 
north and south, was the only east and west 
street with a distinctive name. Other streets 
were, for the most part, distinguished by letters 
of the alphabet. In 1827 a much better system 
of nomenclature was adopted, and during the 
same year ordinances were passed for raising 
funds for the erection of a market and town- 
house, and also for the grading and paving of 
Chestnut and Olive streets as far west as Fourth. 

In 1829, Mr. Daniel B. Page was elected 
mayor, and much activity was manifested by 
the municipal authorities in the way of street 
grading and pa\'ing. Fourth street was sur- 
veyed from Market to Lombard street, and Sev- 
enth street was extended to the then northern 
limits of the city. Locust street was also graded 
and paved as far west as Fourth, and the city 
began to put on metropolitan airs in other ways. 
In the following j'ear a bridge was erected 
across Mill Creek, at Fourth and Fifth streets, 
and a large amount of enterprise in the way of 
brick-making was manifested. As a result, the 
priniiti\-e one-story houses of the French and 
Spanish regime began to give place rapidly to 
brick buildings, and the building lines were 
much more carefully observed. 

In 1831, more attention was paid to manu- 
facturing, and the steamboat and river traffic 



began to increase rapidly. The work of paving 
and grading the streets was continued actively, 
and the government of the city was generally 
regarded as excellent. In 1832 the city's pro- 
gress was checked by an attack of cholera, but 
in the following year the temporary set-back 
was overcome, and marked progress was made. 
Mr. Edwards, in his "Great West," says of this 
period: "Since the first arrival of a steamboat, 
every year they have increased in number, and 
at this time there was not a day but numbers of 
steamers landed at the levee, or departed for 
Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, and the upper and lower 
Mississippi. There was also a line of stages for 
Vincennes and Louisville. The time of per- 
forming the journey by coach between St. Louis 
and Louisville was three and a half days. There 
was also a stage line between St. Louis and 
Galena, via Springfield. There was, as yet, no 
railway to destroy the impediments of distance, 
and a journey through the interior of the West- 
ern country, that could not be assisted by ri\-er 
navigation, if jDcrformed in early spring, was as- 
sociated with every idea of discomfort; the 
horses floundering in mud-holes, and probabh- 
not being able to extricate tiie vehicie, and then 
the traveller had to .step out, ofttimes in the very 
middle of the sink, which held to his legs with 
such quicksand pertinacity that it frequenth' re- 
quired considerable effort to disengage himself." 
Despite these appar- 
ent difficulties, the 
cit}'"s growth was 
ra])id, and much foresight was manifested by 
the authorities. In LS.'i,'), the Commons were 
sold and one-tenth of the proceeds was de\oted 
to the support of public schools, the remainder 
of the proceeds being used for city improve- 
ments generally. Much enthusiasm was aroused 
by the success of the sale, and a local writer of 
the day says of St. Louis: "She already com- 
mands the trade of a larger section of territory, 
with a few exceptions, than any other city in 
the Union. With a steamboat na\-igation more 
than equal to the whole Atlantic seaboard; with 
internal improvements, projected and in pro- 
gress; with thousands of emigrants spreading 



ENTHUSIASM AND MET 
APHOR IN 1835. 



oi.n ST. i.oi'/s. 



llifir liabitatimis o\x-r fertile pl.iiiis wliicli f\fiy- 
wlific iiu-ct the eye, wlio can deiix' that we are 
fast ver<;iii.i^- to tlie time wlieii it will be admitted 
that this city is the lion of the West?" 

The same writer goes on to enthuse o\er the 
proposed erection of a theatre, and shortly after 
his prophecy was issued, the corner-stone was 
laid of the St. Louis Theatre on the corner of 
Third and Olive streets, on the site now occu- 
pied by the old post-oflfice. The ground cost 
fifty dollars a foot front and the expense of the 
building was about $(50, 000. The enterprise 
appears to have been somewhat in advance of 
the requirements of the times, and the early 
history of the theatre shows that the projectors 
met with a great deal of discouragement. 

A year later work was commenced on the 
Planter's House, which was subsequently com- 
pleted by the St. Louis Hotel Company. 

In 183(), about twenty-five of the leading 
merchants formed the "St. Louis Chamber of 
Commerce," not for the purpose of buying and 
selling grain and trading in options, but to gener- 
ally further the interests of the city in commer- 
cial matters. Edward Tracy was the first presi- 
dent, Henry Von Phul, vice-president, and Jolm 
Pord, secretary. Meetings were held after of!ice 
hours at regular intervals, and substantial good 
was effected. The Merchants' Exchange was not 
established until liS49, and in 1850 it was joined 
by the Millers' Association. In 1837, the Bank 
of the State of Missouri was incorporated with 
a capital stock of $5,000,000. The need of 
banking facilities had been much felt in St. 
Louis, and the new institution was heralded 
with nuich rejoicing and satisfaction. 

It was at about this period that the absolute 
necessity of railroad facilities between St. Louis 
and the East and West began to be appreciated, 
and IMayor John F. Darby called the first rail- 
road convention held in St. Louis. Although 
sonie years elapsed before practical results were 
manifest, the building of the roads now known 
as the Iron Mountain and the Missouri Pacific 
was practically decided upon. Delegates were 
present at the con\-ention from eleven of the 
best counties of the State, and the influence of 



the meeting was fell in many wa\-s. 'I'he \cars 
18;i(; and I8;!7 were also memorable in tlie his- 
tory of St. Louis for the first appearance of a 
daily paper, the Missouri Rcpitblica>i^ com- 
mencing its daily- issue at about the time of the 
railroad convention. 

The financial panic of 1837 does not appear 
to have affected St. Louis as much as other cities 
of the Union, and even at this early stage of its 
existence, the " P'uture Great" established a 
reputation for solidity and financial soundness 
which has so marked it during the last half- 
century. The recovery from the depression was 
so rapid that the year 1839 was distinctly a 
boom year. The Mechanics' Exchange was 
formed, the steamboat trade grew enormously, a 
mayor's court was established and the population 
increased to upwards of 16,000. During the 
year more than 2,000 steamboats arrived at the 
port — no less than 659 during the month of 
March. 

In 1841, the Planters' House was oi^ened, and 
that the city had attained considerable imj^ort- 
ance as a manufacturing point is shown by the 
record of factories and business establishments 
to be found within it. There were, according 
to Mr. Edwards, two foundries; twelve stove, 
grate, tin and copper manufactories; twenty- 
seven blacksmiths and housesmiths; two white- 
lead, red-lead and litharge manufactories; one 
castor-oil factory; twenty cabinet and chair fac- 
tories; two establishments for manufacturing 
linseed-oil; three factories for the making of 
lead pipe; fifteen tobacco and cigar manufac- 
tories; six grist-mills; six breweries; a glass- 
cutting establishment; a britannia manufactory; 
a carpet manufactory and an oil-cloth factory. 
There were also a sugar refiner}-; a chemical 
and fancy soap manufactory; a pottery and 
stoneware manufactory; an establishment for 
cutting and beautifying marble; two tanneries, 
and several manufactories of plows and other 
agricultural implements. 

In the following year the foundation stone of 
the Centenary church at the corner of Fifth and 
Pine streets was laid, and in 1843 immense act- 
ivity was manifested in the building of com- 



16 



OLD AXD NEW Sr. LOUIS. 



mercial stnictures. Eighteen hundred and forty- 
four was the year of the disastrous river flood 
which did immense damage, but which did not 
prevent 1,146 buildings being erected during 
the year. 

^„^ ^ ^ ^.„^ In 184() the Mercantile 

THE GREAT FIRE ^ ., . , 

Library was organized, 
AND ITS A ,< t A ^ 1 ■ 

and the foundation laid 
INFLUENCES. ^^^ ^j^^ ^pj^^^^jj^ .^^^^.^^^. 

tion which has done so much educational work 
for the city in every way. In 1849 the city's 
progress was checked by a calamitous fire, re- 
sulting in a loss of upwards of $3,000,000. The 
entire area between Locust and Market streets, 
and from Second street to the river, was devast- 
ated, and this catastrophe was followed by an- 
other attack of cholera, this time more serious 
than the first. During the months of I\Iay, 
June and July the number of deaths attributed 
to cholera amounted to 4,000, and when the 
scourge was over a stricken and bruised city 
was left. Under some conditions dual disaster 
such as this would have discouraged the inhab- 
itants and set back the progress of the city for 
many years; but the men who were building up 
St. Louis were of sterner stuff than this, and it 
has since turned out that the disasters were in 
many respects blessings in disguise. The new 
buildings which took the place of the old ones 
were much more substantial in character and 
much more metropolitan in appearance and far 
greater precautions were taken against loss by- 
fire. Main street was widened, the levee was 
pa\ed and sanitary regulations were adopted 
which have since proved of immense value to 
the city. 

On October 15th of this year the second great 
railroad convention was held, and the building 
of the Pacific Railroad was assured. On tlie 
fourth of July, 18.') 1, ground v.-as broken for this 
road, and in 1852 work was commenced on the 
Ohio and Mississippi and on the Terre Haute 
and Alton roads. Thus was the foundation 
laid for the sj'Stem of railroads which has made 
St. Louis the best railroad center in America. 
In 1855 the St. Louis Agricultural and Mechan- 
ical Association was incorporated with Mr. J. 



Richard Barret its first president. The site 
still occupied by the Fair Grounds v^'as pur- 
chased and in 1856 the first fair was held. 

Early in the same year work was commenced 
on the Southern Hotel, but the progress made 
prior to 1861 was inconsiderable. Street rail- 
roads began to make their appearance at tliis 
period, and it is mentioned as quite an achieve- 
ment that seven or eight thousand passengers 
were carried daily. In 1859 the old Post-ofl!ice 
and Government building was erected on Third 
and Olive streets, and Mr. John Hogan ap- 
pointed postmaster. 

When the war broke out the population of 
St. Louis was a little more than 1(>0,000. Prog- 
ress was retarded by the " late unpleasantness," 
but not altogether checked. In 1862 the court 
house was finally completed, and in 1864 an 
act was passed by the Legislature incorporating 
the Illinois and St. Louis Bridge Company. In 
the following year the Missouri Legislature 
passed an amended act, and the necessary legis- 
lation was also obtained in the State of Illinois. 
In 1867 the Polytechnic building was finished, 
and in the same year Captain J. B. Eads com- 
pleted his plans for the magnificent bridge which 
still bears his name, and which is regarded justly 
as one of the wonders of the world. In 1881 
the Keystone Bridge Company of Pittsburg un- 
dertook the contract for the superstructure, and 
on the fourth of July, 1874, it was announced 
with great rejoicing that the magnificent bridge 
was completed. The tunnel was also constructed , 
connecting the bridge approach with the old 
Union Depot, and St. Louis at last was con- 
nected directly by means of railroads with the 
East. 

This completes a brief outline of tlie history 
of Old St. Louis, from its first settlement by 
Laclede and Cliouteau to the completion of the 
first bridge across the Father of Waters and the 
adoption of the Scheme and Charter. No at- 
tempt has been made to go into full details, but 
sufficient has been stated to indicate by wliat 
stages the little Indian trading point grew into 
a frontier village, a county town; an important 
river port, and finally a great metropolis. 



OLD ST. LOUIS. 



ANSALS OF 
OLD ST. LOUIS. 



The various events and happenings since tlic 
opening of the bridge will be found recorded in 
the various chapters dealing with the most im- 
portant features of New St. Louis, a city which 
is destined to be at an early date the Metropolis 
of the Mid-Continent, and which is now the 
commercial and financial metropolis of the tier 
of prosperous and growing States which make 
up the great West, Southwest and South. 

The following table of 
events of interest connect- 
ed with Old St. Louis, 
will also be of value in tracing the growth of 
the city, and the building of great things out of 
small. It is not a complete historical index, 
but deals with points of importance with which 
ever)- St. Louisan ought to be familiar: 

February 1."), 17()4, Augnste Cliouteau landed 
at site of St. Louis. 

Louis St. Ange de Bellerive, French Com- 
mander, took possession July 17, ITtj.j. 

French supremacy supplanted by Spanish do- 
minion, August 11, 17().S. 

Pontiac, the great Indian chief, visited St. 
Ange in 17()H, and was murdered while visiting 
Cahokia. 

Lieutenant Governor and ^Military Command- 
ant Don Pedro Piernas assumed control for 
Spnin, November 29, 1770. 

St. Ange de Bellerive, who had accepted mili- 
tary services under Piernas, died in 177-4, and 
was buried in the Catholic cemetery. 

Pierre Laclede Liguest laid out and chris- 
tened St. Louis, March, 17(U. 

First marriage, that of Toussaint Hanen and 
Marie Baugenon, solemnized April 20, 17()(;. 

First Catholic church dedicated with solemn 
ceremonies, June 24, 1770. 

First ferry established by Gamasche, June, 
177(), forerunnerof the Wiggins Ferry of to-day. 

Les Petites Cotes, subsequently St. Andrews, 
now St. Charles, founded in 17(39, and Floris- 
sant, then called St. Ferdinand, in 177t>. 

Pierre Laclede Liguest died June 20, 177.S, 
while en route to New Orleans, and was buried 
somewhere near the mouth of the Arkansas. 

Don Fernand de Levba in 177b succeeded Don 



I'Vancisco Cruyat, a wise and popular Governor 
in command of Upper Louisiana. 

Monday, May 2(i, 1780, 1,000 Indians, in- 
cited by the English, attacked St. Louis and 
massacred forty citizens. This is known as 
Vannee du coup — the year of the blow. 

Don Fernand de Leyba died June 2f<, 1780, 
and was succeeded by Lieut. Silvio Francisco 
Castabana. 

The year 1785 was marked by disastrous 
floods, almost wiping out civilization in the val- 
ley. It was called by the French Pannee dcs 
grandcs caiix — the year of great waters. 

Boatmen on the Mississippi annoyed by pi- 
rates at Grand Tower, and in 1788 ten vessels 
united in an expedition from New Orleans, van- 
quished the robbers and reached St. Louis safely. 
This is known as F anncc dcs dix bateaux — the 
year of the ten boats. 

The winter of 1799 was of extraordinary se- 
verity, and went into history as Vaiinee du grand 
hirer — the year of the hard winter. 

Don Manuel Percy assumed gubernatorial 
control in 1788, the population of the St. Louis 
district then being 1,197, exclusive of Indians. 

The beloved Zenan Trudeau was succeeded in 
1798 by Charles Debault de Lassus de Lunerie, 
a native of France long in the Spanish service, 
and promoted to lieutenant-governor from mil- 
itary command. 

May IJ, 1801, marked the first appearance of 
small-pox, and the settlers commemorated the 
scourge by a peculiar title, P anncc de la picotie 
— the year of the small-pox. 

The military fort of Belle Fontaine was estab- 
lished on the Missouri, near its mouth, by Ck-n. 
Wilkinson in 180(3. Its site has long since been 
washed away. 

Gen. Merri weather Lewis, the great explorer, 
and at the time Governor of the Territory, com- 
mitted suicide in a moment of depression brought 
on by the hard times prevailing, while on a 
journey to Louisville, in October, 1809. 

The :Missouri Fur Company was formed by 
St. Louisans in 1808, and supplanted the Hud- 
son Bay Company in what afterward became 
United States territory. 



18 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



Charter granted St. Louis Lodge, No. Ill, 
Masonic Order, September 15, 1808, to Gen. 
Merriweather Lewis, being the first lodge in the 
West. 

First fire company organized January 27, 
1810. 

July 4, 1811, first public celebration of Inde- 
pendence Day. 

Earthquake shook St. Louis and vicinity, De- 
cember 16, 1811. 

June 4, 1812, the name of Missouri was 
adopted for Territory, and first Territorial Legis- 
lature met, and the Post-office of St. Louis and 
departure of delegates to Washington. 

First English school opened by Geo. Thomp- 
kins in room on Market street, near Second, 
in 1818. 

August 2, 1815, first steamboat, the "Pike," 
Capt. Jacob Reed, reached the foot of Market 
street, and was greeted with holiday demon- 
stration. 

The Bank of St. Louis, first institution of its 
kind in the Territory, incorporated August, 181(5; 
Samuel Hammond, president, and John B. N. 
Smith, cashier. 

The Missouri Bank was incorporated Febru- 
ary 1, 1817, with Auguste Chouteau, president, 
and Liburn W. Boggs, cashier. 

First Board of School Trustees, formed in 
1817, consisted of Wm. Clark, Wm. C. Carr, 
Thomas H. Benton, Bernard Pratte, Auguste 
Chouteau, Alexander McNair and John P. 
Cabaune. 

A fine cathedral was built in 1818 on the site 
of the old log church. It was decorated with 
original paintings by Rubens, Raphael, Guido 
and Paul Veronese, but afterwards destroyed by 
fire, except the gift of Louis XVIII., now in 
Walnut Street Cathedral. 

A duel between Thomas H. Benton and 
Charles Lucas, April 12, 1817, resulted in the 
wounding of Lucas. A second meeting on Sep- 
tember 27, resulted in his death. 

A duel between Joshua Barton, United States 
District Attorney, and Thomas C. Rector, brother 
of Gen. Wm. Rector, on Bloody Island, June 
30, 1818, resulted in the death of Rector. 



St. Louis was incorporated as a city by act of 
the Legislature December 9, 1822, and William 
Carr Lane elected mayor, with a board of nine 
aldermen. 

May, 1819, the " Independence," first steam- 
boat, left for up the Missouri, reaching Old 
Franklin in seven days. 

Gen. Wm. H. Ashley's expedition from St. 
Louis, 1824, reached the great Utah Lake, and 
discovered the South Pass through the Rocky 
Mountains. 

Marquis Lafayette visited St. Louis April 28, 
1825, and was received with great honor and 
prolonged festivities. 

The year 1825 was marked by the erection of 
the F^irst Episcopal and the First Presbyterian 
churches. The commencement of the present 
court house and Jefferson Barracks and the es- 
tablishment of the United States arsenal were 
in the next year, 182(). 

Convent of the Sacred Heart founded at 
Broadway and Convent street, 1827, by will of 
John Mullanphy. It is . now located at Marys- 
ville, in South St. Louis. 

The St. Louis LTniversity, under Jesuit con- 
trol, was permanently opened November 2, 1829, 
at Ninth and Washington avenue. 

First jockey club organized and opened a 
three-day meeting Thursday, October 9, 1828. 
The St. Louis Jockey Club opened the Cote 
Brilliante track June 4, 1877. 

In 1829, the first branch of the United States 
Bank, afterwards a bone of national contention, 
was established, with Col. John O'Fallon as 
president. 

August, 1831, witnessed the bloodiest duel 
on record, Spencer Pettis and Major Biddle 
meeting on Bloody Island, firing at five paces, 
and both falling mortally wounded at the first 
fire. 

The first water works, located at the foot of 
Bates street, were put in operation in 1832, and 
were a private enterprise, and purchased by the 
city in 1835. The Bissell's Point works were 
commenced in 1867 and delivered completed 
July 16, 1870. 

The free public school s)stem of St. Louis 



OLD ST. LOWS. 



19 



imder its i^resent form was created by act of 
Legislature, February 13, 1833. Judge Marie 
P. Leduc was first president. The first free 
school was opened in 1837, four years later. 

First lodge of Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
lows was established June 3, 1835, under the 
name of Travelers' Rest Lodge, No. 1, and had 
five members. 

The year l.s;'>(; was marked by the burning 
ali\-e by a mob of Francis Mcintosh, a negro 
who had killed Deputy Constable Samuel Ham- 
mond, the atrocious event occurring on or about 
the present site of the old Polytechnic building. 

The corner-stone of the St. Louis Theatre 
was laid in 1836 at Third and Olive, on the 
spot afterwards occupied by the custom house. 
N. M. Ludlow, chief of its founders, lived until 
three years ago. This was the first theatre in 
the West. 

"The year the negroes were hung" was 1841, 
four men having nuirdered two young mer- 
chants, Jacob Weaver and Jesse Baker, for the 
purpose of robbery, and then set fire to the 
building in which the corpses lay. The crim- 
inals were early apprehended, and, being con- 
victed, were executed upon Arsenal Island. 

The first steamboat sent up the Yellowstone, 
the departure of the famous Bonneville expedi- 
tion to the Far West, the exploration of Ar- 
kansas and establishment of Fort William, now 
Little Rock, were events of 1842. 

The Bank of the State of Missouri was in- 
corporated February 1, 1837, with a capital of 
$5,000,000, in time to meet the great panic of 
that year, during which it temporarily sus- 
pended. The Planters' House was commenced 
same year. 

The great Daniel Webster visited St. Louis in 
the summer of 1837, was entertained at the St. 
Clair Hotel, and the next day he spoke for six 
hours to an audience of 5,000 which had gath- 
ered to a barbecue in the field which was after- 
ward Lucas Market Square, and is now known 
as Grant Place. 

Centenary M. E. Church corner-stone was 
laid May 10; Hon. J. B. C. Lucas died; the first 
steamboat was built in St. Louis; Judge Brj-an 



Mullanphy was impeached for oppression; July 
3, the steamer Edna blew up and killed fifty- 
five persons; General Atkinson died at Jefferson 
Barracks, all in the year 1842. 

The Medical Society riots occurred February 
25, 1844; the volunteer firemen's riot occurred 
July 2f), 184i>; the first of the Know-nothing 
riots Ajjril 5, 1852; a more serious Know-nothing 
riot August 7, 1854, in which ten persons were 
killed and thirty wounded, and the great rail- 
road riots in 1877. 

The "June rise" of 1844 eclipsed all previous 
high-water records, the crest being reached June 
24, with the flood seven feet and seven inches 
above the city directrix. Steamboats landed at 
Second street and plied to the bluffs in Illinois. 
Over 500 people were rendered homeless. The 
city directrix was not reached in the abatement 
until July 14. 

October 15, 1849, a mass convention was held 
at the court house to reconsider the building of 
a railroad to the Far West, which bore fruit, for 
on July 4, 1851, ground was broken in the prac- 
tical commencement of the Pacific Railroad, the 
humble forerunner of the grand system of rail- 
roads now west of the Mississippi river. Thomas 
Allen was president of the first company. 

Washington University was chartered in 1853 
under the name of Eliot Seminary, which was, 
a year later, changed to Washington Institute. 
Smith Academy was added in 1851), and the 
University formally inaugurated April 22, 1857. 
The Law School was added in 18(30, and the 
Manual Training School in 1880. 

The old Lindell Hotel, on the site of the pres- 
ent hostelry, was commenced in 1857, and when 
completed, represented to the people of the 
country the astounding spectacle of a hotel be- 
yond the Mississippi surpassing in magnitude 
any other in the United States. It was de- 
stroyed by fire in 1867, rebuilt and opened for 
business in 1874. 

The first street car corporation in St. Louis 
was the Missouri Railroad Company, and the 
first car was driven by the president of the com- 
pany, Hon. Erastus Wells, on July 4, 1859, who 
lived to see the development of the finest .sys- 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



teni of local transportation of passengers in the 
world. 

In 1X74 the Union depot was established and 
the Eads bridge opened for traffic. The Union 
depot has outlived its usefulness, but the bridge 
remains an honor to the city and to the man 
who designed it. 

In 1876 the scheme and charter was adopted, 
and St. Louis became an independent city with- 
out either county government or taxation. 

In 1878 the first Veiled Prophet's pageant was 
seen in the city, and crude attempts were made 
to illuminate the city. 

The Mercantile and Commercial clubs were 
both organized in \'6>i\. 



In 1882 the Cotton Exchange building was 
opened ; work was commenced on the Exposi- 
tion building, and the first extensive illumina- 
tions were seen. 

In 1882 the agitation in favor of granite pav- 
ing on the down-town streets was commenced 
and took definite shape. 

In 1883 and 1884 the Exposition building 
was constructed, and the first Exposition was 
held in the months of September and October 
of the latter year. 

In 1884 work was commenced with a view to 
securing legislation for a rapid transit street 
railroad in St. Louis, and Old St. Louis ceased 
to have any practical existence. 



CHAPTER I I. 

NEW ST. LOUIS. 

SOME OF THE INFLUENCES WHICH BROUGHT ABOUT THE CITY'S SECOND BIRTH.-A SUC- 
CESSION OF TRIUMPHS. 



WELL-KNOWN character in fiction is 
represented as expressing doubts as to 
her birth, and as hazarding an opin- 
ion that she was never born at all, but 
just "growed." So it is to a great 
extent with New St. Louis. We know 
to a day when Old St. Louis was born ; we know 
how year after year it grew and flourished, and 
we know how and when it fulfilled and surpassed 
early expectations of greatness. 

But just when New St. Louis commenced its 
existence cannot be determined by a reference to 
the calendar or a quotation from it. Old St. 
Louis is a thing of the past. The city in its 
magnificent maturity has "put away childish 
things" and ranks high among the foremost 
cities of the world. Its new Union Station is 
the grandest, largest railway jDassenger depot 
in the world, with track facilities and coanec- 



tious which are at once a marvel of intricacy 
and simplicity ; the largest city on the largest 
river in the world, St. Louis has also unsur- 
passed railroad connections, with lines stretch- 
ing out in every direction and running through 
every State in the Union ; its manufacturing 
and commercial establishments are numerous 
and gigantic, and its manufacturing output is in- 
creasing more rapidly than that of any other city 
in the world. The little narrow thoroughfares of 
our grandparents have given place to some of 
the best paved and lighted streets in America. 
The street railway system of St. Louis has be- 
come the best in the country, and a veritable 
model even in these days of rapid transit and 
electric locomotion. Panics come and go, but 
the banks of St. Louis weather the storm with 
the ease of lifeboats, and emerge from it unin- 
jured either in finance or reputation. The parks 



NEW ST. LOUIS. 



21 



of St. Louis are exquisite oases of beauty and 
\erdure in the midst of a profusion of comnier- 
cial palaces and delightful homes, and New St. 
Louis is in a hundred other ways a model city, 
not perfect of course, but rapidly advancing to- 
wards the ideal of municipal excellence. 

But this does not settle the question of the 
date of the birth of New St. Louis, always as- 
suming that it was born and did not mysteriously 
grow. The preceding chapter contains a rough 
outline of events from the founding of the town 
to the establishment of the city on an entirely 
independent basis by the adoption of the scheme 
and charter, and it may be asked — does not New 
vSt. Louis date from the severance of the city 
from the county? Did not Old St. Louis come 
into existence in ITG-land pass out of it in ISTli? 
The answer to both questions is " No." 
The difference between Old and New St. Louis 
is far greater than a mere matter of years. It is 
something infinitely more important than a ques- 
tion of area and boundaries. It involves some- 
thing much more tangible than a mere increase 
in material wealth and influence. Old St. Louis 
clung to the traditions of the past long after it 
had become one of the largest cities of the LTnion. 
It followed where it ought to have led. It 
scented danger in every new project, and devoted 
too little energy to measures of aggressive ad- 
vance. It ignored the rivalry of smaller cities, 
and allowed them to encroach upon its territory 
right up to its very gates, and it adopted a pol- 
icy of ultra-conservatism with a motto, implied 
if not expressed, that what had made the city 
great would keep it so for all time and against 
all comers. In a word it stood still, resting upon 
its own strength, ignoring the changes which 
modern invention and enterprise were making 
around, and ridiculing the idea of a serious devi- 
ation from the old established lines. The com- 
mercial interests of the city were mostly in the 
hands of men of mature years, many of whom 
had come West and grown up with the country, 
before Horace Greeley had commenced to phi- 
losophize. 

Some of these veterans heralded the New St. 
Louis idea with delight, and gave it the support 



TUB SENTIMENT 
IN 1878. 



and assistance of advice based upon half a cent- 
ury of hard work. But others, including some 
whose yeoman service certainly entitled them 
to rest and retirement, looked less favorably on 
the necessary rush and hurry of these latter 
days, in which every man who hopes to suc- 
ceed must do at least the work of two men. 
They were literally astounded at the progress 
St. Louis had made during their sojourn in 
it, and instead of regarding that progress as 
evidence of unlimited possibilities, they w^ere 
inclined to regard it as a magnificent achieve- 
ment — as a battle valiantly fought and perma- 
nently won. 

This feeling of finality, if 
the word may be used, was 
well expressed by a local 
writer in 1878: "Are St. Louis business men 
unprogressive? Some of our contemporaries 
out West are disposed to 'poke fun' at St. Louis 
because of the apparently unprogressive and 
unenterprising character of those who are rulers 
in her marts of trade and banks. Well, per- 
haps it is a truth that St. Louis is provokingly 
slow, but it would be well to remember that St. 
Louis is exceedingly sure, that she does not act 
for to-day only, but for all time. The truth is 
St. Louis is a ver^^ solid city; that the actual 
financial condition of her business men is a little 
too good for a very aggressive campaign for 
traffic. We do not say that the city is in danger 
of permanent injury from the prosperous condi- 
tion of her citizens engaged in the business of 
merchandising, manufacturing, banking, build- 
ing and other industries. St. Louis is a con- 
servative city, that we readily admit; but the 
conservatism of our citizens does not lead them 
to neglect the great interests which center here, 
and which have thus far led to a great and sub- 
stantial development. It is true, and we readily 
admit it, that the rather ultra-conservatism 
which prevails here sometimes delays the con- 
summation of designs necessary to the contin- 
ued prosperity of the city, and, to the extent of 
such delays, retards and injures its commerce. 
But the good people of St. Louis are neither 
blind nor destitute of ordinary intelligence. 



22 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



They know their interests, and will be very cer- 
tain to guard them with jealous care." 

"Guarding with jealous care" is good, but it 
does not build up a city, nor is it either logical 
or progressive to speak of "the actual financial 
condition of business men" as "a little too good 
for a very aggressive campaign for traffic." 
Eternal vigilance is the price of a great many 
blessings besides liberty. A city can never be sta- 
tionary in anything but location; in commerce, 
finance and influence it must either gain or lose 
— it must either achieve victories, or it must be 
content to suffer losses. Thus it was with Old 
St. Louis in the zenith of its glory. It ceased 
to be aggressive, and it lost ground. The cen- 
sus returns of 1880, the last it ever saw, were 
disappointing in the extreme, and the gains 
made by apparently insignificant rivals caused 
a general awaking to the fact that what the city 
had fought to obtain, it must fight to retain. 
"Poor old Missouri!" "Poor old St. Louis!" 
became every-day expressions, and an impres- 
sion gained ground that St. Louis had seen its 
best days, that it was a great river town, but 
not in the race in the days of railroads, and that 
the -western metropolis would not be on the 
western bank of the Mississippi, in the almost 
exact center of the great valley to which the 
Father of Waters gave its name. 

New St. Louis is entirely different. Young, 
untiring men have assumed control of the city 
in every department, and where there was leth- 
argy and content, there is now ceaseless energy 
and laudable ambition. People no longer say, 
"Good enough for St. Louis;" nothing is good 
enough which is not the very best. St. Louisans 
no longer hesitate when a new project of gigan- 
tic proportions is suggested; they are ready, to 
adopt a simile only partly applicable, to step in 
where angels fear to tread. In other words, the 
city leads where it used to follow; it insists 
where it used to yield; it frightens those it used 
to fear. 

The change from the old regime to the new 
was in a measure gradual, and in a measure 
sudden. It did not take place when the Eads 
bridge was opened, nor was the extension of the. 



city limits and the adoption of the scheme and 
charter celebrated by a ringing out of the old 
and a ringing in of the new. The last three or 
four years of the seventies belong distinctly to 
the Old St. Louis period, and we must look to 
the eighties for the day and hour of the birth 
of New St. Louis. 

And even here it is a 



THE FIGHT 
FOR RAPID TRANSIT. 



case of doctors differii 



According to one theory 
the death-knell to Old St. Louis was sounded when 
the ground was broken for the first rapid transit 
road in the city, the old Locust street cable, which 
in its twists and turns used to throw the jjasseu- 
gers around with as little mercy as baggage hand- 
lers usually extend toward trunks and valises. 
Truly, the fight for a franchise was picturesque 
and emblematical. On the one side was the de- 
mand for rapid transit, with the unanswerable 
argument that time is money, and that there was 
no reason for St. Louis being content with mules 
and horses for street car traction, when smaller 
cities were building cable lines rapidly. The 
New St. Louis idea was well brought out, and 
there was a great deal of severe talk about 
old-fogyism, vested interests, Westinghouse air- 
brakes on progress, and the like. 

As to the Old St. Louis theory, it was liter- 
ally ridden to death. A good lawyer has been 
described as an advocate who knows when to 
stop; but the opponents to rapid transit helped on 
the good work of reform and progress by comical 
descents from the sulilime to the ridiculous, and 
l)y riding their hobl)y to death. The street car 
powers that were naturally opjjosed the pro- 
ject because of its dangerous rivalry, and they 
succeeded in getting the ordinance so amended as 
to force upon the promoters what was described 
as "an impossible route." That is to say, they 
multiplied the curves and difficulties to such an 
extent that competent engineers expressed de- 
cided opinions to the effect that the road could 
never be operated even if built. This was fair 
fighting, but it was accompanied by consider- 
able hitting below the belt. Worshipers of the 
old idea screamed with horror. Horses would 
be frightened, wheels would sink into the cable 



NEjr ST. LOUIS. 



23 



slot, children and even adults would be crushed 
out of existence by the threatened Juggernaut, 
and streets would l^e rendered absolutely impass- 
able. These arguments were raised, not once or 
twice, but dozens of times, both before the com- 
mittees of the City Council and House of Dele- 
gates, and in the columns of the newspapers. 
It was a cry of flee from the cars to come, and 
there was no dearth of prophets to foretell dire 
disaster as the immediate and certain effect of 
the proposed profanation of the streets. 

Nor was this all. The old story of the man 
who objected to gas because his father had lived 
and prospered with no brighter illuminant than 
a rush-light, was retold in a new form and with- 
out the narrators noticing the humor of their 
argument. St. Louis, they said, had grown into 
a great city without rapid transit, and what had 
sufficed in the past would do in the future. It, 
or rather they, did not need any innovations, and 
the city's reputation for substantial solidity 
would be jeopardized by the change. People 
did not live far enough from their places of busi- 
ness to make rapid transit necessary, it was 
urged, the theorists calmly oblivious of the fact 
that they were mixing up cause and effect, and 
that the reason people lived in crowded homes 
was because the most attractive and healthy por- 
tions of the city were inaccessible to all but the 
favored few who could afford to keep carriages 
and horses. Public opinion was divided to a 
remarkable extent, but common sense finally 
triumphed, the necessary powers were granted 
and the road was built. 

This was in the years 1884, 18.S.5 and LSSii, 
and, we are inclined to think, a little after the 
birth of New St. Louis. There was a pitched 
battle between the old and the new, and both 
forces organized with sufficient thoroughness to 
indicate the existence of the new idea which was 
gaining strength, as well as the old idea which 
was dying so painfully and so hard. 

Again, as evidence 
of the fact that the 



THE VEILED 
PROPHET'S INFLUENCE. 



grand awakening took 
place prior t<^ the building of the first rapid 
transit road, the erection of the Exposition 



Building and the inauguration of autumnal 
illuminations may be recorded. That the Old 
St. Louis idea is not interred, although it is long 
past medical aid, is proved by the fact that 
there are still people to be found who doubt the 
good influence of hospitality, and who cry a/i 
bono? every time St. Louis lays itself out to 
attract and entertain. But these are in a hope- 
less minority, for on every hand the opinion 
prevails that if the Veiled Prophet is not the 
actual creator of New St. Louis, he was present 
at the birth and assisted materially in bringing 
it about. It was the Prophet who taught the 
people of St. Louis to appreciate the beauties 
and resources of their own city, and it was the 
Prophet and his followers wdio downed cry after 
cry of the Old St. Louis order. 

And if it was not the Prophet who suggested 
the building of a home for a permanent exposi- 
tion, who was it? In the years 1883 and 1884, 
the suggestions took material shape, and it is 
probable that this event, more than any other, 
marked the change from the old to the new. 
The raising of the necessary funds to construct 
the building, and the general rallying around 
the standard, roused St. Louisans out of them- 
selves and had an educational influence, the 
value of which it would be difficult, if indeed it 
were possible, to overrate. The change was 
not by any means completed while the work 
was in progress, because the air was full of 
prophesies of failure. No city had ever suc- 
ceeded in making an annual exposition self- 
sustaining, and was it likely "poor Old St. 
Louis could"? It was not at all likely; but it 
was possible for New St. Louis to do wdiat has 
singe been so forcibly demonstrated. The mill- 
ions of people who have come from east, west, 
north and south to see the Exposition, the illu- 
minations and the other fall attractions, have 
carried back to their homes enthusiastic state- 
ments as to the grandeur of the city, and have 
concluded description after description with the 
qualification that the half had not been told. 

In a search for the causes which led to an ig- 
noring of the past and a determination to plan 
and construct a new future, it would be mani- 



24 



OLD AND NFAV ST. l.OUTS. 



festly unjust to overlook the influence of two of 
the great clubs of St. Louis — the Mercantile 
and the Commercial. The Mercantile Club was 
established three or four years before the Expo- 
sition, and it has been the birthplace of nearly 
everj' important project which has since seen the 
light. The meeting at which it was proposed 
to construct an exposition building was held in 
the old building on Locust street, and many 
other projects of untold value to the city were 
plotted and schemed in one or the other of the 
rooms of the same building. It was almost 
an act of vandalism to tear down a club house 
which had so many pleasing and profitable 
memories; but it was erected in the reign of 
Old St. Louis, and was not in keeping with 
New St. Louis, either in capacity or elegance. 
The Commercial 
Club differs from the 



THE COMMERCIAL CLUB 
AND GRANITE STREETS. 



Mercantile in one 
essential point. It is a debating society rather 
than a social club, and it also performs many of 
the duties which fall to the lot of boards of 
trade in smaller cities. Since the formation of 
the Autumnal Festivities Association, with its 
numerous committees, the Commercial Club has 
been less heard of than formerly. But in its 
earlier days it was an immense power for good, 
and its influence on improvements of the better 
kind has always been marked. Indeed, it com- 
petes with the rapid transit movement and the 
Veiled Prophet for the right to claim New St. 
Louis as its own particular offspring. The club 
was established in the year 1881, and its forma- 
tion proved to no inconsiderable extent the ex- 
istence of a spirit of dissatisfaction with the 
existing condition of affairs and a determination 
to strike out in fresh lines and pastures new. 
In March, 1882, Mr. George E. Leighton read a 
paper before the club in which he spoke strongly 
on the importance of an improvement in the 
streets and of better paving. The arguments 
were heartily appreciated, and if the paper did 
not result in the immediate repaving of the bus- 
iness streets, it at least opened the eyes of the 
public to the paramount importance of the work, 
which was commenced soon after its reading. 



Again, the Old St. Louis ultra-conservatism 
was manifested; and the reform was fought bit- 
terly. At that time, and, indeed, up to the 
year 1893, the cost of street reconstruction was 
charged against the property fronting on it, 
with a limit of charge fixed at one-fourth the 
assessed valuation, any excess being paid out of 
the municipal revenues. There is no limit now,* 
but even with the advantage ^jiven property 
owners under the old law, they protested bit- 
terly, and the board room of the Board of 
Public Improvements, as w^ell as the committee 
rooms of the two branches of the Municipal 
Assembly, and even the mayor's office itself, 
heard arguments which echoed in sentiment 
and purpose the still prevailing conservatism. 

But the pavements which were good enough 
for Old St. Louis were not suitable in any re- 
spect for New St. Louis, and common sense 
won again. As the business streets were paved 
with granite, so did the standing of the city 
improve. History shows that, almost invari- 
ably, good roads and civilization have gone 
hand in hand; and the moral and commercial 
influence of good streets in St. Louis has been 
astounding. Whether the new era was the re- 
sult of their being constructed, or whether their 
construction was an incident to the new era, 
this deponent sa\-eth not. 

In the same line of thought it is difficult to 
distinguish cause and effect in regard to the 
phenomenal increase in the extent and im- 
portance of the city's manufactures. Certain it 
is that coincident with the commencement of 
work on the granite streets and with the build- 
iug of Exposition Hall, the manufacturing inter- 
est had an awakening far too solid and lasting to 
be looked upon or spoken of asa " boom." New 
factories and office-buildings began to be erected, 
old ones were remodeled and enlarged, and 
" angels of commerce " were sent out to do mis- 
sionary work in fields never before invaded In 
St. Louis houses. As rapid transit opened up 
new territorj' for homes, this good work cou- 



*The validity of tlie Stone Law, al)olishins< the 25 per 
cent limit, was being tried in the courts when this woik 
went to press. 



NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



25 



TWO OUTSIDE OPINIONS 

ON THE 

CITY'S NEW GROWTH. 



tinned, and New St. Louis is to-day one of the 
most important manufacturing and distributing 
jDoints in the world, leading in many lines and a 
good second in many more. 

So it will be seen that four distinct influences 
combined to bring New St. Louis into existence 
about ten years ago. Fortunately, there was 
an abundance of youthful talent and energy to 
pilot the old into the new and to take advantage 
of opportunities as they arose; and, hence, we 
have to-day a city old only in its history, its 
solidity and integrity, and new in every other 
feature — in its buildings, its streets, its manu- 
factures, its commerce and its people. 

Julian Ralph, who 
is perhaps the best 
authority of the dec- 
ade on American 
cities, owing to the nature and extent of the 
special correspondence tours he has undertaken, 
has this to say of the transition or " new 
growth" of St. Louis: 

"St. Louis is the one large western city in 
which a man i\u\\\ our eastern cities would feel 
at once at home. It seems to require no more 
explanation than Boston w-ould to a New Yorker 
or Baltimore to a Bostonian. It speaks for 
itself in a familiar language of street scenes, arch- 
itecture, and the faces and manners of the peo- 
ple. In saying this I make no comparison that 
is unfavorable to the other western cities, for it 
is not unfriendly to say that their most striking 
characteristic is their newness, or that this is 
lacking in St. Louis. And yet to-day St. Louis 
is new-born, and her appearance of age and of 
similarity to the eastern cities belies her. She 
is not in the least what she looks. Ten or 
a dozen j-ears ago there began the operation of 
influences which were to rejuvenate her, to fill 
her old veins with new blood, to give her the 
momentum of the most vigorous western enter- 
prise. Six or seven years ago these began to 
bear fruit, and the new metropolitan spirit com- 
menced to tlirob in the veins of the old cit\'. 
Tlie change is not like the awakening of Rip 
\'an Winkle, for the city never slept; it is rather 
the repetition of the case of that boy-god of 



mythology, whose slender form grew sturdy 
when his brother was born. It was the new 
life around the old that spurred it to sudden 
growth. ' ' ( Harper's Xcic Montlilv, November, 

l.S'Jl>.) 

A year later the Springfield Democrat, com- 
menting editorially on a large real estate trans- 
action, said: " St. Louis has never in any sense 
been a 'boom' town, but there is not to-day a 
city in the country in better repute as a solid, 
progressive, financial, commercial and manufact- 
uring center, nor one which is making as rapid 
progress in expansion of trade, in architectural 
supremacy, or in increase of population. To 
within fifteen years ago it was regarded as an 
ultra-conservative town that compromised its fu- 
ture by the rejection of adventitious aids that 
were seized upon by its windy competitor by the 
lakes, and was the target of jibes and standing 
comparisons that were a dead-weight when the 
present generation took the helm and overthrew 
tradition by the utilization of every legitimate 
opportunity that gave the promise of a better- 
ment. 

" The New St. Louis is an object lesson for 
the careful, and, possibly, profitable, considera- 
tion of other communities with greater or less 
aspirations. It has demonstrated that while 
conservatism is advantageous as breakwater, it 
is a positive injury as dam to enterprise, and 
that the maxim, ' nothing venture, nothing 
gain,' has its application in the building of cities 
as in the determination of the fortunes of indi- 
viduals." 

It was a favorite boast of 
the old regime that "St. 



FOREIGN CAPITAL 
AND 



ITS INFLUENCE. 



Louis owns herself." In other 
words, the people gloried in 
the fact that local enterprises were supported 
exclusively by local capital. This fallacy has 
long since been exploded, and there is a realiza- 
tion of the fact that the more outside capital 
tliat is attracted to the city, the greater the ad- 
vantage to its mercantile and manufacturing in- 
terests. Since the civilized world has begun to 
appreciate the fact that New St. Louis is one 
of its most progressive and prosperous cities, 



26 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



millions of outside capital have been attracted 
to it, and many of the most magnificent of the 
new buildings have been erected largely or in 
great part by eastern and even English money. 
The days of Chinese walls are over, and the city 
which earns for itself the confidence of the in- 
ternational financial world is the one that makes 
the most pronounced and prolonged improve- 
ment. Charity may begin at home, but it does 
not end there; and while the investment of local 
capital and accumulation is the first stepping- 
stone to municipal growth, the attraction of 
foreign capital for investment is indispensable 
in these days of competition and encroachment. 
Hence, while Old St. L,ouis was hampered by an 
excess of exclusiveness and an undue tendency 
to look with suspicion upon new enterprises 
from the outside. New St. Louis has sprung to 
the front and kept there, largely because it has 
attracted the attention, if not the envy, of the 
financial and mercantile world of two continents, 
and because of the impetus investment from the 
outside has given to almost every one of its in- 
dustries. 

When English gold was paid for a number of 
the breweries of which St. Louis had long been 
proud, there was considerable heartache in con- 
sequence. But the breweries remain where they 
were. They pay as large if not larger sums 
every week to St. Louis men to be spent at 
St. Louis stores, and for all practical purposes the 
city derives as much benefit from the industry 
as ever. True, the idea of the profits crossing 
the ocean in the shape of dividend warrants is 
the reverse of pleasant, but the local investment 
of the foreign purchase-money proved so advan- 
tageous in every way, and gave such an impe- 
tus to local building, that a great many dividends 
will have to be paid before St. Louis will lose 
one tithe of what it gained. And although 
there are not wanting those who regret the plac- 
ing of municipal bonds in London during the 
current year, there are hundreds more who re- 
joice in the evidence furnished of the city's ex- 
cellent credit abroad, and who also recognize 
the fact that had the bonds been subscribed for 
locally, just so much money must have been 



withdrawn from the home loaning capital, to 
the probable curtailment of local enterprise and 
business. In short, it is not an unmixed bless- 
ing for a city to own itself, and the recognition 
of this fact has proved of incalculable benefit to 
New St. Louis in its fight for commercial su- 
premacy — a fight which has been so overwhelm- 
ingly successful, and which is still being waged 
so gloriously and so well. 

The preceding chapter closed with a brief 
chronological summary of events in Old St. 
Louis. This chapter cannot close more appro- 
priately than with the record of some of the 
"footprints in the sands of time " made by New 
St. Louis. Each footprint marks a stride to- 
wards improvement and perfection; a casting- 
aside of things that were, and a pressing for- 
ward to things that are to be. Reference is 
only made to distinct and absolute reforms, or 
movements in the direction of reform. 
l.SSL 

Commercial and Mercantile clubs established. 
1S,Sl>. 

Agitation for granite streets commenced. 

First extensive street illumination. 

18.s;5. 

ExjDosition and Music Hall Association incor- 
porated. 

Active work commenced on repaying down- 
town streets with granite. 
LSS4. 

First franchise granted for rapid transit ( Ca- 
ble and Western). 

Opening of Exposition Iluilding, and first an- 
nual Exposition. 

ISS.-). 

fyround 1)roken for first lofty fire-proof office 
building. 

188(5. 

First cable road operated. 

Union Depot Company formed. 

General activity commenced in building asso- 
ciations. 

1887. 

Streets first sprinkled by municipal contracts. 

Charter obtained for second bridge across the 
Mississippi at St. Louis. 



lifANUFACrrRES. 



27 



St. Louis made a central reserve city for 
national banks of other cities. 
l.S8«. 

Work commenced on new Water-works, ca- 
pacity 100, 000, (>()() jrallons daily. 

General movement inaugurated to build freight 
depots on this side of river for eastern roads. 
18 8 it. 

Merchants' Bridge constructed. 

First electric cars successfully operated. 

Largest electric arc light works in the world 
constructed. 

1890. 

^Merchants' Bridge opened for traffic. 

Foundation-stone of new City Hall laid. 

Streets and alleys lighted by electricity. 
l.SSIl. 

First county electric road constructed. 

New Mercantile Club Building commenced. 

St. Louis Traffic Commission organized. 

Work commenced on new Union Station. 

Autumnal Festivities Association formed, and 
more than $.")()l),()0(» subscribed. 



1892. 

Work commenced on New Planters' House, 
S2, ()()(), 000 hotel. 

Sixteen million dollars appropriated by Con- 
gress for improvement of Mississippi river. 

First postal street railroad carrun in the United 
States on a St. Louis electric railroad. 

New buildings erected with a total frontage 
of thirty-nine miles. 

Grand Columbian street illumination. 

vSmoke Abatement Association formed. 



181 



Electric street car system completed, and last 
horse car run down-town. 

Legislation against black and gray smoke, and 
first prosecutions under the ordinance. 

National financial uneasiness. No bank or 
other failures in St. Louis. 

City four per cent renewal bonds placed in 
London at par. 

Largest Union Railroad Station in the world 
practically completed. 



CH APTKR III. 

MANUFACTURES. 



A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE IMMENSE IMPORTANCE OF THE MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF 

NEW ST. LOUIS. 



T HAS BEEN a.s.serted by political econo- 
mists of every school, that production is 
the only actual and reliable source of 
wealth. E\ery nation that has attained 
eminence of a permanent character has 
done so by and with the aid of its manu- 
factures; and every country which has gained 
temporar}^ precedence by an\' other means has 
found its glories transitory and its supremacy 
short-lived. Statesmen and philosophers have 
differed as to the best means of encouraging 



home indu.stries, but while the word "protec- 
tion" has acquired a political meaning, and 
has become a party watch-word, every party in 
every country claims that its policy is designed 
to foster manufacturing in its own territory, and 
to encourage the production of commodities of 
every description at home. Especially is this 
the case in a comparatively new country like the 
United States. In the early struggles of colon- 
ists and exiles, every luxury — including in the 
term many articles which habit has made nee- 



2S 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



essaries of every-day life — had to be imported 
from older countries, and the rise of the nation 
in wealth and influence has been the immediate 
and direct result of the increase in its manufact- 
ures which, although slow at times, has always 
been continuous. Adam Smith and Stuart 
Mill, and indeed all authorities on political 
economy, have proved that manufacturing and 
greatness go hand in hand, and although the 
majority of our statesmen during the last quarter 
of a century, have favored measures at variance 
in detail with the theories of these authorities, 
the policy has invariably been to expedite man- 
ufacturing supremacy. 

And as it is with nations, so is it with cities. The 
"boom" towns of the West, which built up in a 
day, fell by the wayside almost as rapidly, because 
the growth was not the result of legitimate de- 
mand, and because the local manufacturing in- 
dustry was not extensive enough to warrant or 
maintain the growth. The solid substantial cities 
of the East have, on the other hand, held their own 
because of the practical monopoly they have en- 
joyed in the production of commodities called for 
by the entire country. St. lyouis owes its unique 
prosperity to the same cause — to the immeuse- 
ness of its manufactures and the rapid increase in 
the amount of capital invested, wages paid, and 
goods produced. The influences alluded to in 
the preceding chapter made the manufacturing 
greatness of the city possible, and the greatness 
in turn has guaranteed the city a glorious future. 

Up to the time when New St. L,ouis reared 
its head and asserted itself over Old St. lyouis, 
very little encouragement was offered to outside 
capital or capitalists; and in a number of in- 
stances enterprises of great value were in conse- 
quence lost to the city. But as the manufactur- 
ing public found that a new order of things pre- 
vailed, immigration of the most advantageous 
character set in. Firms and corporations came 
from other cities and infused new life and energy 
into our institutions, encouraging a spirit of 
friendly rivalry and adding immensely to the 
capacity and output. St. L,ouis is pre-eminently 
the best adapted city on the continent for man- 
ufacturing. Situated a short distance west and 



soutli of the center of population, it offers ad- 
vantages in the way of distribution second to no 
other city, and its magnificent railroad and river 
connections enable these advantages to be made 
the most of. Raw material of every description 
is close at hand, and coal, the great source of 
mechanical power, is abundant and cheap. The 
southern Illinois coal fields yield an unlimited 
supply of excellent coal, which is delivered to 
factories at prices which excite the envy of man- 
ufacturers located elsewhere. The price varies 
according to the side-track facilities and the 
length of the haul, but contracts are now being 
executed at prices as low as $1.20, and even less, 
per ton. No other large manufacturing city can 
offer such inducements as this, and in most of 
them the cost of coal is at least twice as great. 
Only the manufacturer realizes what an impor- 
tant factor is the price of coal in his calculations, 
and the advantage which the cheap and good 
coal of St. Ivouis gives to the St. Louis j^roducer 
over his competitors elsewhere. 

The output of the coal fields, which are so 
close to St. Louis that they are part and parcel 
of its manufacturing greatness, is enormous, 
amounting to thirty million tons annually. The 
receipts of coal at St. Louis for the last ten years, 
or since the city's awakening to the New St. 
Louis idea, are worth placing on record, because 
they show what immense increase has been 
made in the consumption of the great power cre- 
ating article without which mannfacturiug can- 
not successfullv be carried on. 





HituminousCoal. 


AnthracUe Coal. 


Coke. 




Bushels. 


Tons. 


IJushels. 


lSS-5 


5r,,687,225 


52,000 


6.956,500 


1884 


52,349 UOO 


62,000 


3,190.150 


1S,S5 


53,387,0(54 


80,000 


3,500,(100 


1SS6 


61.258,525 


70,000 


5,4(;3,9.-.0 


1887 


G6,. 524, 925 


131,600 


9,584,3.50 


ISSS 


67,676,875 


136,600 


(i, 757, 5.5(1 


1889 


65,403,025 


121,500 


8.04(i.2(10 


1890 


69,477,225 


124,335 


9,919,850 


1891 


72.078,225 


139,050 


6,921,2.-iO 


1892 


82,302,228 


1S7,.S27 


8,914,400 



There are many other influences which have 
combined to force New St. Louis to the front in 
this all-important feature. These will be found 



MANl rPA CTURES. 



29 



enlartjed upon in other portions of this work. 
It will suffice here to show briefly to what 
(.ininence St. Louis has already attained as a 
manufacturing city. 

St. Louis has 6,000 factories. 

It has the largest shot tower in America. 

It has the largest iron jail factory in the world. 

It has the largest stamping plant in the coun- 
try. 

It manufactures more tobacco than any other 
city. 

It manufactures more chairs than any other 
city. 

Its sugar refineries include the largest in the 
world. 

It has the largest cracker factory in the 
world. 

It is first iu the production of stoves and 
ranges. 

It has the largest woodenware factory iu 
America. 

It produces more boots and shoes than any 
other city. 

It has the largest and best equipped brewery 
iu America. 

It easily leads iu the nuiuufacture of saddlery 
and harness. 

The value of the product of bSSK) was double 
that of ISSO. 

It is the fifth largest manufacturing city in the 
United States. 

It has the largest terra cotta factory in the 
I'nited States. 

Its factory employes earn an average of about 
$inH), 000 a day. 

It leads in the manufacture of street cars of 
every description. 

It has the largest boot and shoe factory under 
one roof in the Union. 

It is the only western cit\- manufacturing 
silverware to any extent. 

Its reclining chairs are in use in railroad cars 
in ten different countries. 

It is the third largest furniture manufacturing 
cit\- in the United States. 

Its factories find employment for oue-si.vth of 
the city's total population, 



It manufactures more coffins and caskets than 
any other city iu the world. 

It has recently executed the largest order for 
steam railroad cars ever placed. 

It has the largest jeans factory in the United 
States, and probably in the world. 

It manufactures one-fourth of the entire to- 
bacco product of the United States. 

It manufactured street cars which are in daily 
use in England, Australia and Japan. 

Its monthly manufactured product is sold for 
sufficient to pay off the entire city debt. 

It is the fourth largest producer of men's 
clothing, and leads iu the higher grades. 

It has the largest press brick, fire brick and 
sewer pipe factories iu the United States. 

It is first iu the manufacture of white lead, 
with the largest white lead factory in the world. 

It has a tobacco factory which has paid more 
government tax than any other factory in the 
Union. 

It is the home of the largest electric arc light 
plant and the largest incandescent station in 
America. 

Its millers manufacture more flour than those 
of any other city in the world, with but one 
exception. 

It manufactured more of the glass used in the 
World's Fair buildings than any other three 
cities combined. 

Its manufactures are more extensive than those 
of Kansas City, Omaha, Denver and San Fran- 
cisco combined. 

Its annual manufactured product, on a cash 
valuation, is twelve times as great as the city's 
bonded indebtedness. 

Its manufactured product is equal in value to 
over $400 per annum per inhabitant, including 
men, women and children. 

It is the greatest distributing point for agri- 
cultural machinery, and ranks among the larg- 
est manufacturing cities in this specialty. 

Its factory employes are 25 per cent more 
numerous than when the census was taken in 
1890, as proved by the State Labor Commis- 
sioner's report, published early in the winter of 
1893. 



30 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



THE GAIN IN . This list does not 

mchide every indus- 

EASTERN CITIES DURING ^ . ' ,. , 

try or factory \vhich 
THE EIGHTIES. i.,' a record-breaker. 

It is rather typical than complete, and is given 
for the purpose of showing that \vhen the state- 
ment is made that St. Louis is a manufacturing 
monarch, there is not even a suspicion of exag- 
geration. No other city ii'i the world can claim 
such cosmopolitanism in its manufactures, and 
no other city can produce such a showing of 
excellence in such a vast number of varying lines 
and branches. Nor are the claims a mere 
matter of surmise. They are based upon actual 
facts and figures recorded in the census of 18JtO 
(Bulletin 170), and have hence the stamp of 
official confirmation. The progress made since 
the war has been both rapid and coutiniious. 
In 1860, St. Louis ranked ninth in the list of 
manufacturing cities. The returns for 1870 
were so notoriously inaccurate that they are 
worthless for purposes of comparison; but the 
year 1880 found St. Louis in the sixth place, 
with an annual product of $ 10-4,000,000. It was 
still led by New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn 
and Boston, in addition to which Chicago had 
risen to third place. Pittsburgh was entirely dis- 
tanced and Providence, Newark, Cincinnati and 
Baltimore ^vere left far in the rear, St. Louis 
having made a growth of about 400 per cent 
for the twenty years as against their compara- 
tively small increases. 

During the eighties the influence of New 
St. Louis made itself felt in a most decisive 
manner in its manufactures, and during the de- 
cade it made a greater increase than any of the 
great Eastern centers of manufacture. Thus the 
manufactured product doubled itself during the 
ten years, while the increase in New York was 
but fifty-six per cent, in Philadelphia seventy- 
two per cent, in Cincinnati sixty-seven per 
cent, and in Baltimore sixty-nine per cent. In 
the amount of capital invested a comparison is 
still more favorable to St. Louis, which made a 
gain of 180 per cent during the decade while 
the increase in New York, Philadelphia and 
Baltimore averaged 100 per cent, and the gain 



in Cincinnati was about seventy-seven per cent. 
These j^henomenal gains easily placed St. Louis 
in the fifth place, Boston being overtaken in the 
race and only New York, Chicago, Philadelphia 
and Brooklyn left in front of New St. Louis in 
the race for manufacturing supremacy. 

Chicago still leads St. Louis in manufactures. 
It is not proposed in this work to go into details 
over the battle royal between the metropolis of 
the Northwest and the metropolis of the West 
and Southwest. The contest has been of so long 
duration and its discussion has become so tire- 
some in consequence of the almost innumerable 
charges and counter-charges made, that the sub- 
ject can profitably be ignored. The territory of 
each city is so different that there is ample room 
for both and while Chicago has derived immense 
advantage from the enormous growth of the 
new States in the Northwest, St. Louis has the 
benefit of the almost exclusive trade of the 
equally important and even more promising 
States of the West, Southwest and South. Omit- 
ting Chicago from the calculation, we find 
St. Louis by all odds the great manufacturing 
head of the West. The value if its product is 
almost twice as great as that of San Francisco, 
three times as large as that of Minneapolis, six 
times as large as that of Omaha, seven times as 
great as either St. Paul or Kansas City, eight 
times as large as Denver, twenty times as great 
as St. Joseph, and so much larger than that of 
any other Western manufacturing point as to 
make calculations and comparisons impossible 
and percentage tedious. The value of the man- 
ufactured product of St. Louis is equal to the 
combined output of San Francisco, Denver, 
Omaha, Kansas City, St. Joseph and all other 
strictly Western cities. 

It is not desired to oc- 
cupy space with a multi- 
plicity of tables or com- 
parisons, but the census 
of 18SI0 being necessarily the basis ujjon which 
a treatise on the city's manufactures has to be 
based it is necessary to give a table showing the 
totals in the most important lines of industry. 
This is given on the following page: 



THE RECORD 

OF THE 

ELEVENTH CENSUS. 



MANUFA CTURES. 



31 



MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN ST. LOUIS, 

CENSUS OF 1890. 



INDUSTRIES. 


No.rt^ 

Establish- 
ments. 


Capital 
Employed. 


Value of 
Product. 


Agricultural Impl'jnts. 


4 


$ 686,484 


1 1,107,454 


Ba>'s, Paper 




174,425 


431,228 


Bak'g and Yeast Powdr 


14 


3; 3,' 181 


403,772 


Blacksmithiug and 








Wheelwrighting 


219 


406,121 


898,177 


BookbiudingaudBl'nk 








Book Making 


14 


196,618 


336,227 


Boots and Shoes 


24 


4,170,027 


4,250,961 


Bread and other Bak- 






ery Products ... 


291 


1,244,167 


3,597,392 


Brick and Tile 


38 


2,.531,128 


1,691,692 


Carpentering 


407 


4,364 659 


10,364,922 


Carriages and Wagons 


114 


2,523,448 


3,603,735 


Cars iRailroad, Street 








and Repairs) 


24 


2.4.53,443 


5,641,252 


Chemicals 


Iti 


1,500,068 


2.672,749 


Clay and Pottery Pro- 








ducts 


i:i 


939,996 


899.855 


Clothing, Men's 


348 


5,765,150 


9.630,688 


Coffee and Spices, 






Roast'g and Grind'g 


9 


816,588 


2,466,392 


Confectionery 


48 


1,078,426 


2,462,037 


Cooperage 


71 


1,042,643 


1,912,779 


Flouring and Gri.t 








Mill Products 


21 


4,320,955 


12,641,000 


Foundry and Machine 








Shop Products 


103 


10,184,926 


11,945,493 


Furniture, Upholster- 








ing and Chairs 


121 


3,108,211 


4,658,546 


Glass 


5 


842.354 


838,930 


Iron and Steel 


G 


2,655,199 


2,513,761 


Iron Works, Architect- 








ural and Ornamental 


23 


1,732,748 


2,023,526 


Leather, Tanned and 








Curried 


l.i 


682,753 


1,-502,680 


Liquors. Malt 


8 


15,910,417 


16,185,500 


Lumber and other Mill 








Products and Logs 


7 


2.766,012 


1,689,8.32 


Lumber, Planing Mill 








Products 


23 


1.860,036 


3,061.178 


Masonry, Brick and 








Stone. 


IGO 


4,436.578 


9.122.952 


Oil, Linseed 


3 


1.018,562 


1,438,201 


Painting and Paper 








Hanging 
Paints 


331 


Sfi7,194 


2,841.041 


14 


3,498,107 


3,163,818 


Patent Medicines and 








Compounds 


.58 


1.601,999 


2,196,416 


Plumbers' Materials . 


4 


1,280,486 


1,465,371 


Plumb'g and Ga'ifit'g 


124 


581.067 


1,651,169 


Print'g and Publish'g 


213 


5.192,065 


8,551,349 


Saddlery and Harness 


110 


2,160,963 


2.803,961 


Slaughtering and Meat 








Packing 
Soap and Candles 


60 


3,274,671 


12.047,316 


10 


806.301 


1,203,406 


Tin smithing. Copper 








smithing and Sheet 








Iron Working 


132 


1,132..588 


2,369,540 


Tobacco, C h e w i n g, 








Smoking and Snuff 


12 


3.894.320 


14,354,165 


Tobacco, Cigars and 








Cigarettes 


296 


787,520 


1,558 401 


All other Industries 


2.G3-2 


3.5,915 588 


54,515.383 


Total, 1890 


6.148 


5140,775,392 


1228.714,317 


Total, 1880 


2,924 


5 50,832,885 


SI 14,333,375 



The exact percentage of increase in the vari- 
ous features is best ascertained by deducting 
several minor industries not included in the 
returns for 1880, which leaves the figures as 

follows: 



Number of establish- 
ments reported 

Number of hands em- 
ployed 

Capital invested 

Miscellaneous expenses 

Wages paid 

Cost of materials used 

Value at factory of goods 
manufactured 



1890. 



$133,292,099 
17,381,274 
52,170,536 
120,887.355 

225,500,657 



41,825 117.49 
$50,832,885 162.22 



17.743, .532 
75,379,867 



114,333.3731 97.23 



The great reduction of prices in almost every 
line accounts for the fact that although capital 
and wages show an increase of 162 and 194 per 
cent, the value of the product only increased 97 
per cent. In actual weight and bulk the in- 
crease was far greater. 

The way in which St. Louis has gained on 
the largest eastern manufacturing cities during 
the last thirty years, is shown by the following 
comparisons of the value of annual product: 



New York . 


f IStiO 
■ \ 1890 


$1(50,000,000 
770|000/)00 


Philadelphi; 


( 18 HO 
• \ 1890 


13.5,000,000 
577,000,000 


Cincinnati . 


f i8(;o 

■ \ 1M90 


47,000,000 
19(5,000,000 


Boston 


\ 18W) 
• \ 1890 


37,000,000 
210,000,000 


Brooklyn . . 


f ISfiO 
• \ 1890 


34,000,000 
269,000,000 


Baltimore. . 


[ 18(50 
■ \ ISIIO 


29,000,000 
141,000,000 


Pittsburgh. 


f 18(50 
• \ 1890 


2(5,000,000 
12(5,000,000 


St. Louis . . 


f 18(50 
• 1 18110 


27,000,000 
228,000,000 



In 18(50 the seven large eastern cities manu- 
factured seventeen times as much as St. Louis ; 
in 1890 St. Louis products equaled one-tenth 
Ihe total for the seven cities combined. 

Since 1860 the manufacturing output of the 



32 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



seven eastern cities has increased less than 500 
per cent ; during the same period the increase 
in St. Louis has been nearly one tlioiisand per 
cent. 

A glance at these figures shows how imposible 
it is to exaggerate the greatness of the city in 
the important detail of manufactures. It will 
be observed that the percentage of increase in 
the number of establishments rej^orted, the 
number of hands employed, the capital invested, 
the wages paid, the cost of material used, and 
the value of the product varied from sixty to 
nearly two hundred per cent, with an average 
of over l')0 per cent. It will also be noted that 
the greatest increase was in wages paid, a fact 
which has a great deal to do with the jjopularity 
of St. Louis manufactures. St. Louis has always 
been noted for the high grade of workmanship 
its products display, and this is the result in 
large measure of the care exercised in its selec- 
tion of mechanics, and the inducements offered 
them over and above those held forth in other 
cities. The sweating system is practically un- 
known in St. Louis, which is also noted through- 
out the entire country for the excellence of its 
manufacturing plants and the modernness of its 
machinery. 

It would be interesting, if space permitted, to 
trace in detail the causes which have led to the 
center of American manufacturing leaving the 
Atlantic States, but this would hardly come 
within the province of an article of this char- 
acter. One great reason for the growth of man- 
ufactures of every kind is the marvelous increase 
in population and wealth of the district of Avhich 
St. Louis is the commercial and financial me- 
tropolis. This will be found more fully enlarged 
upon in the chapter relating to St. Louis as a 
commercial metropolis and distributing point, 
and it need only be said here that rapid as has 
been the increase of the city's manufactures, it 
has continued to act as a distributing point for 
other manufacturing centers, and that in many 
lines its jobbers actually import more goods 
from other centers than in the days when our 
manufacturing output was comparatively insig- 
nificant. 



TWO WA VS OP ^^ '''"''' ^" '^^ ^''" ^"^^"""^ 
JMao-azinc in Januarv, \>SS)i. 
LOOKING AT \ . , . , 

speaking ot the marvelous 

PLAIN FIGURES. ^^.^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^. g^^ ^ouis in 

the census returns which had just been made 
public, says, with a lingering remembrance of 
the Old St. Louis idea, and with evident danger 
of being classed as a town boomer or an extrav- 
agant writer : 

" I now come to speak of the great activity 
which absorbed the working strength and ener- 
gies of our people. The situation of St. Louis, 
at the junction or two great rivers and at the 
head of deep-water navigation, naturally sug- 
gests trade rather than manufacture, yet, even 
now, it is pre-eminently a manufacturing city. 
The reports of the tenth and eleventh censuses 
furnish figures which indicate in a most em- 
phatic manner the growth and tendency of the 
city in the direction of manufacture during the 
past ten years. I dare not quote those fig- 
ures here — they makeashowingso extravagantly 
favorable as to suggest criticism. It is probable 
that the business statistics for 1880 and those 
for 18^10 were compiled in very different ways, 
and that comparison should be made with cau- 
tion." 

This rather reminds one of the story of the 
boy, who, coming home from school with a very 
favorable report of his year's work, handed it 
to his father with an apology for being at the 
head of his class, explaining that the remainder 
of the boys were inclined to be indifferent, and 
that it was doubtful whether the system of 
marking and awarding prizes was good enough 
to be accepted as final proof of the superiority of 
those at the top of the class, or the intellectual 
inferiority or indifference of those at the bottom. 
In striking contrast to this self-abnegation and 
pessimism is the explanation which Mr. Robert 
P. Porter, Superintendent of the Eleventh Cen- 
sus, thought proper to add to the first informa- 
tion ever given out concerning the results of the 
industrial census of 1890. In an address before 
the Commercial Club, on November 21st, 1891, 
Mr. Porter went very fully into the returns, a 
synopsis of which he had brought with him 



MAN UFA C n 'RES. 



from Washington, and conchukd a thoroughly 
conservative and logical argument with this 
peroration: 

" Have we not here in the tables which indi- 
cate the story of ten years of municipal indus- 
trial and commercial progress of a great center 
of population many things which an organiza- 
tion such as the Commercial Club of St. Louis 
can rejoice and feel proud over ? In ten years 
you have added over a hundred thousand to your 
city population, an increase of nearly thirty jier 
cent ! The mileage of railroads tributary to 
your city has gone frorii 35,000 to r)7,000 miles, 
an increase of sixt\--one per cent, while the 
mileage centering in the city has increased over 
10,000 miles, and is now more than i.'),000 
miles. You received in ISiiO 1,"), 000, 000 tons of 
freight, an increase of 6,400,000 tons over 
18S0. In spite of the change from water to 
rail, your waterways are still a source of profit 
and can be made still more so. Over $70,000,000 
has sought investment in new industry since 
1«.S0. Over 44,000 additional artisans have 
been given employment, making a total of about 
8(5,000 engaged in manufacturing occupations. 
You are distributing annually nearly $.50,000,000 
in wages, and have increased your pay-rolls 
$30,000,000 since 1880. The value of the 
manufactured product has grown from about 
$114,000,000 to nearly $214,000,000, a gain of a 
cool hundred million dollars. And in the fact 
that the number of children employed in your 
industry has decreased can be discerned humane 
sentiment with this increased prosperity. Your 
municipal finance is sound; 3'ourdebt is decreas- 
ing, and your v/ealth is $141,000,000 greater 
than when the last national inventory was 
taken. 

"These are the simple official facts. They are 
not presented with local coloring, but the data 
had been collected by government agents under 
the strict rules which apply to all other com- 
munities, and for comparison with all other 
cities under a system, the tendency of which 
must necessarily be to understatement rather 
than overstatement. Within a few days you, 
^s citizens of this fair and progressive city and 



of the United States, will be called upon to give 
thanks for the numerous blessings which Al- 
mighty God has bestowed upon the people of 
this country. Is it presuming too much to ven- 
ture the suggestion that the continued pros- 
perity of your own city, as shown by the elev- 
enth census, should come in for at least a share 
of your gratitude, and that you may view with 
a spirit of fairness a census that has announced 
to the world such gratifying facts about the 
great Southwestern river city of the American 
Continent?" * 

This quotation, from what may be described 
as an official speech by a thoroughly impartial 
government official, should surely be accepted 
as proof positive that the figures relating to the 
manufactures of St. Louis, as published in the 
eleventh census, may be relied upon. If any- 
thing, they understate rather than overstate the 
increase in the manufacturing importance of 
St. Louis, because it is a notorious fact that a 
higher standard was adopted in deciding what 
was and was not a manufacturing estalilishment. 
Thus while many small workshops and factories 
were omitted from the calculations of 1890, in 
1880 very little discrimination was used, and 
the 2,924 establishments then reported included 
some far below the standard adopted ten years 
later. But the census returns for 18!)0 show 
how marvelously the New St. Louis idea had 
taken hold of the city, and how success already 
achieved was acting as an inducement for fur- 
ther effort. The St. Louis GIobc-Doiiocral, 
commenting editorially on Mr. Porter's speech, 
said: 

"The truth is, St Louis has only just begun 
to improve her opportunities and to realize upon 
the profits that logically belong to her. She 
possesses certain advantages that cannot be 
taken away from her by any act of hostility, 
and she is learning how to make the best prac- 
tical use of them. There are no lurking dau- 

* Mr. Porter spoke from the draft returns, several weeks 
before their final revision and publication. Hence his fig- 
ures differ slightly from those in the official bulletin, the 
latter being more favorable to St. Louis than those quoted 
by the .Superintendeat iind upon which he calculated his 
percentage§. 



31 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



ST. LOUIS BOOT 

AND 
SHOE FACTORIES. 



gers in her financial and commercial system. It 
is entirely sound and equal to all emergencies. 
There will be a continuance of past success, 
with new triumphs of skill and energy. The 
progress of St. Louis, in short, is one of the 
fixed facts of American civilization, and her 
citizens have every reason to be satisfied and 
grateful." 

Passing from St. L,ouis 
manufactures generally to 
the various lines in which 
the most remarkable prog- 
ress has been made, and in which St. Louis 
most particularly excels, it is natural to deal 
first with shoes, because in this line the gain 
has been phenomenal. Old St. Louis made 
very few shoes, and during the seventies little 
advance was made in this industry. At that 
time New England had a practical monopoly in 
shoe manufacturing, and the idea of the west 
producing a rival to Boston and Lynn had never 
been thought of. Now, however, St. Louis has 
the largest shoe factory under one roof in the 
country, with others almost as large and as well 
equipped, and it manufactures more shoes than 
any other single city in the LTnion. The accu- 
racy of this assertion has been challenged, and 
it is undoubtedly true that Boston is still the 
greatest distributing point for boots and shoes 
in America, and probably in the world. But 
Boston is situated in the midst of a shoe manu- 
facturing district, and by actual count it docs 
not produce within its city limits as many shoes 
as its once despised but now powerful western 
rival. 

In IfSiSO there were 1«4 establishments in St. 
Louis devoted to the manufacture of boots and 
shoes. The capital invested was less than 
$700,000, and the number of men employed 
was only 658, with 217 girls and 197 children. 
The aggregate product was about $1,600,000. 
It will thus be seen that the average number of 
men per factory was less than four, and that the 
annual value of the product was less than $10,000 
per establishment. It is evident from these fig- 
ures that the bulk of the establishments reported 
were practically retail stores with a custom- 



made connection, and, indeed, there were not in 
St. Louis at that time any large factories in the 
1893 sense of the term. To-day we have one 
factory selling three times as many shoes as the 
total product for the year 1880, and at least ten 
which will each exceed that total within a very 
short period. In 1882 St. Louis manufactured 
less than half a million pair of shoes, but about 
this period there was a distinct awakening, and 
in 1886 about a million and a quarter pairs were 
made, valued at about $2,000,000. For the 
next four years the increase was rapid, and when 
the census was taken again in 1890 the value of 
the product was found to have increased to 
$4,250,961, an increase over the figures of 18S() 
so enormous as to make the most indifferent 
wonder. 

We have seen that l^.sn the average number 
of men per factory was less than four, and that 
the annual value of the product averaged less 
than ten thousand dollars to each establishment. 
In 1890 the average number of hands per fac- 
tory was one hundred, and the average product 
of each factory was nearly $140,000. The cus- 
tom work and repairing shops, which were 
classed as factories in 1880, were returned sep- 
arately in 1890 and numbered 477. It will be 
seen from these figures that the census enume- 
rators in 1880 were much more lenient and less 
exacting than those of 1890, and that during the 
ten years St. Louis practically established what 
may be termed a wholesale shoe manufacturing 
industry, and brought it into the first rank. 
vSince the census was taken in ISHO the output 
has more than doubled. New factories, magni- 
ficent in elevation and marvelous in internal ar- 
rangement and equipment, have been erected 
every year, and these have enabled the city to 
outstrip more competitors. To-day the monthly 
output is larger than the annual output tweh-e, 
if not ten, years ago. In other words St. Louis 
is manufacturing boots and shoes worth a mill- 
ion dollars every month in the year, and is add- 
ing to its capacity with a regularity and 
persistency which indicates that before the 
end of the present century it will have at- 
tained an eminence in this line which will 



MANUFACTURES. 



35 



make it the j^reat iiianufacturin_<^ and distribut- 
ing point of the bulk of the American continent. 
Its factories are a subject of general admiration, 
and are to be classed among the attractions 
which excite the admiration and surprise of 
\isitors from every section of the Union. 

St. L,ouis-made boots and shoes are in demand 
all over the western and southwestern terri- 
tory, and they are shipped in very large num- 
bers to all points, quite a large number of cases 
going east and north every month. The shoes 
have a reputation for durability and style. 
Competing cities have sometimes stated that 
St. Louis shoes are of a heavy type, and that 
only the agricultural and laboring demand is 
catered for. This is entirely erroneous. Boots 
and shoes suitable for out-of-door work are made 
in St. Louis and are of the highest grade, but 
lighter and more elegant kinds are also produced 
in immense quantities. St. Louis-made shoes 
obtained the highest awards at the World's Fair, 
and orders are received from connoisseurs as far 
away as San Francisco and Montreal. Strange 
to say a comparatively small percentage of the 
local retail trade is supplied from St. Louis fac- 
tories. There are various trade reasons for this 
which time only can overcome. The president 
of one of the largest shoe manufacturing corpo- 
rations in the city, on being asked why it is so 
difficult to obtain a single pair of the remarkably 
fine shoes his house was producing in such large 
quantities, said : 

"This is a characteristic of the shoe trade all 
over the world. Shoe dealers carry more coals 
to Newcastle, to quote the favorite English 
expression, than any other trade. We ship 
immense quantities of shoes to cities which have 
large factories of their own, and while we are 
sending out cases by the thousand, we still 
handle large shipments from New England. 
We have never encouraged a local trade for our 
maiuifactured product, because we have found 
outside trade pays the best. If we were to sup- 
ply the retail stores direct, we would have 
errand boys and clerks, at all hours of the day, 
asking for individual pairs of shoes of si)ccial 
size and grade. As it is, our orders are much 



more wholesale in character and suit the exi- 
gencies of our trade much better." 

The men's clothing manu- 



MEN'S 
CLOTHINQ. 



facture of St. Louis is, at least, 
ten times as extensive as is 
generally supposed. Centralization is the pol- 
icy in the shoe trade and it is quite easy to 
appreciate the work that is done by the magnif- 
icent factories which greet the eye on every 
side; decentralization is the invariable policy of 
the clothing manufacturer, who, instead of hav- 
ing all his departments under one roof and close 
at hand, finds it more profitable to give out his 
work in sections to smaller factories or shops, 
which make specialties of various lines of work. 
This plan prevails in St. Louis, as elsewhere, 
and hence there is very little to indicate that 
the value of the product is already largely in 
excess of ten millions per annum and increasing 
rapidly. It is to the credit of the St. Louis 
clothing trade that little or no shoddy goods are 
made in the Southwestern metropolis. Woolen 
goods of varying grades are chiefly made, large 
quantities of cloth being imported from the Euro- 
pean markets, mostly coming direct in bond 
to the port of St. Louis. Special attention is 
paid to cut and finish, and St. Louis clothes 
are shipped to those markets which appreciate 
a high grade of goods. 

Mention has already been made of the fact 
that the sweating system is discountenanced in 
St. Louis. In no other line of industry is this 
fact so apparent as in men's clothing. From 
time to time exposures have been made of the 
disease-breeding hovels in which home work in 
the clothing trade is performed in the large 
cities of the East and of Europe. Careful in- 
vestigations by labor commissioners, philanthro- 
pists and others have failed to reveal a single 
instance in St. Louis where this dangerous sys- 
tem prevails. The business is in the hands 
of men of exceptional intelligence and integ- 
rity, and it is their special care that every 
garment given out by them shall be made and 
completed in a properly constructed and venti- 
lated room. The clothing trade generally ap- 
preciates this policy, which is in a large measure 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



responsible for the ever-increasinji; popularit}' of 
St. Louis-made clothes. 

In further evidence of the high grade of the 
product in this line, it may be stated that ship- 
ments are made to States as far removed from 
St. Louis as Georgia, California and Washing- 
ton. An interesting contest has been going on 
for years between New York and St. Louis for 
the trade of Texas. It is now practically over, 
St. Louis having well-nigh driven its eastern 
competitor from the field. The increase in the 
orders from this and other Southwestern States 
are causing phenomenal growth in the St. Louis 
clothing trade. Already the city has the largest 
jeans factory in America, and projects are in 
contemiilation which will gi\e it equal promi- 
nence in other branches of this industry. 

Among the other indus- 
tries which mav be classed 



FVRNITVRB AND 
CHAIRS. 



as domestic in character, 
the furniture manufacture of St. Louis must be 
specially mentioned as typifying the exceptional 
growth of the city's commercial interests. Its 
steady and continuous growth is due largely to 
the excellent work done by the St. Louis Fur- 
niture Board of Trade, one of the most useful 
trade organizations in the city. Mr. George T. 
Parker, Secretary of the Board, expresses the 
situation very accurately when he says: "Up to 
ten years ago St. Louis was not known as nuich 
of a furniture manufacturing city; now it is one 
of the foremost. Within ten years this indus- 
try has increased over a hundred per cent. The 
advance of the city in all lines during the last 
decade has been partly responsible for this; but 
to the aggressive and progressive nature of the 
men who managed this branch of industry is due 
the present business of fully twenty millions." 
It is only necessary to glance at the census 
returns of 1880 to see how phenomenal has been 
the growth of this business. There were in that 
year but seventy-two establishments, employing 
about one thousand hands, to whom were paid 
about half a million dollars a year in wages. 
Now the number of establishments is at least 
one hundred and fifty, the number of men em- 
ployed is considerably in excess pf three thou- 



sand, and the annual disbursement in wages is 
more than two millions. These figures include 
the chair factories, which are even more remark- 
able in their growth and individuality than the 
establishments devoted to the production of fur- 
niture of various kinds. Especially in reclining 
chairs for railroads has St. Louis made itself 
famous; and contracts involving thousands of 
dollars in this line alone are constantly being 
placed in the city, in which several valuable 
patents are owned. 

The exceptional advantages of St. Louis as 
a lumber — especially hardwood — market, ha\e 
helped to bringthe city from obscurity to promi- 
nence in the matter of furniture manufacture, and 
its central location also helps it to gain on 
its competitors. It now occupies at least third 
rank in manufacturing cities, and if the pres- 
ent rate of progress is maintained it will soon 
lead the entire country. Car loads of fur- 
niture are shipped in every direction, and the 
high reputation which the product of the city 
has made for itself throughout the entire United 
States, and also in Mexico, makes it comi^ara- 
tively easy to obtain orders even in districts upon 
which other manufacturing cities claim an iron- 
clad mortgage. 

The Furniture Board of Trade is entitled to 
more than a passing notice. Its work has been 
of a most valuable character, and one of its 
latest achievements was the securing of the 
National Furniture Convention for St. Louis in 
18S»3. It maintains a credit department, which 
has proved of immense value, and it has made its 
influence felt in national legislation on more oc- 
casions than one. From reports issued by this 
body it is shown that more chairs are made by 
three St. Louis factories than by all the factories 
combined in any other city in the country. 
In kitchen safes it makes more than all the 
rest of the United States; and the spring bed 
industry is remarkably large. The railroad 
car chairs already refei'red to are being used in 
cars and " coaches " in India, Russia, England, 
Australia and South America, and the Board of 
Trade i.s now in negotiation with other countries 
not generally looked upon as accessible, but 



MANUFACTURES. 



wliicli offer a iiiai^nificent market. Amon<r the 
accessories to the furniture trade which are 
speciall)- proniiuent, uiay he mentioned the man- 
ufacture of cofhns and caskets, in which St. Louis 
easily leads the entire country. 

It is difficult to estimate 



IRON AND KINDRED 
INDUSTRIES. 



the actual extent of the 
iron and kindred indus- 
tries of St. Louis, owing to the fact that the 
number of branches is so great that the figures 
are necessarily freely subdivided. Under the 
head of "Iron and Steel" the census returns six 
large establishments, with a total capital em- 
ployed of a little over §2,500,000, and with an 
output about as large. This, however, does not 
begin to cover the local trade, for under the 
head of "Architectural and Ornamental Iron 
Work," there is found the record for 18!(0 of 
twenty-three establishments, employing a capi- 
tal of $1,700,000, and with a total output of 
about $2,000,000. Under "Foundry and Ma- 
chine Shop Products," the record is still greater, 
the figures for l.S'.Kj showing that there were 10;> 
establishments in operation, with a capital of 
upwards of $10,000,000, and with a total pro- 
duct of about $12,000,000. To produce this, 
(i\er 6,000 men were employed, and their earn- 
ings for the one year approximated 84,000,000. 
Even under the head of "Bolts, Nuts, Wash- 
ers and Rivets," four establishments are re- 
corded, with a capital of more than a quarter of 
a million, and an output of similar value; and it 
wciuld appear as though $20,000,000 would be a 
small estimate of the total product in the iron 
and steel and kindred industries, which find 
employment for millions of dollars of capital 
and for an almost unlimited amount of labor. 
In ISSO, Governor Johnson, in an address before 
the State Immigration Convention, spoke of St. 
Louis as the "Center of the World's trade, the 
future metropolis of the World's Empire, the 
fa\ored child of the mighty Valley of the Mis- 
sissippi, the City of the Iron Crown." Since 
that time great progress has been made in the 
imn and steel industry throughout the country, 
and although, perhaps, the gain has not been 
so phenomenal as the eloquent speaker desired 



or anticipated, yet it has been great enough to 
more than justify his remarks. Certain it is, 
that within easy distance of St. Louis there is 
an abundance of iron ore sufficient to supply the 
requirements of the world for generations to 
come, with every indication of still greater un- 
discovered supplies. The unlimited supplies of 
coal, timber and water-power, and other similar 
aids to manufactures of this character, make it 
appear probable that St. Louis will eventually 
outpace all competitors in the race and become 
the leader in iron, as in other industries. 

St. Louis commenced the manufacture of iron 
nearly eighty years ago, and although the pro- 
duction was on a very limited scale it had the 
effect of introducing other work of a simihrr 
character. Foundries came to be erected, and 
man}' thousands of wagon-boxes and tires were 
manufactured here during the first quarter of 
the present century. Foundries on a larger 
scale were established about the year 18;30, and 
long before the middle of the century' the city 
had assumed quite an activity in the iron trade. 
Agricultural implements, and ever\thing in 
which iron was used to any large extent, began 
to be manufactured in large quantities, and 
about the j-ear 18.")0 the magnificent resources 
of the Iron Mountain began to be appreciated. 
The splendid furnaces and rolling mills belong- 
ing to the Chouteau family began to exert an 
influence over the city's trade, and in 18,3(5 a 
careful estimate showed the existence in the 
city of as many as thirty iron works, with a 
total output of about $5,000,000. The amount 
of pig metal mined and produced at this early 
period exceeded 100,000 tons a year, and all 
through the sixties and seventies the business 
was pressed to full advantage. 

In agricultural machinery St. Louis is well to 
the front, and many of its specialties are in demand 
in very remote centers. Some of the largest fac- 
tories in this line to be found in the entire 
country are situated in St. Louis, and the high 
standard of work, in every detail, keeps np 
the demand. Travelers through Mexico have 
been struck with the very general use in that 
country of agricultural machinery made in 



38 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



RAILROAD SUPPLIES 

AND 

STREET CARS. 



St. Louis; and in all parts of the rich agricultural 
country in St. Louis territory, the products of 
our local factories are appreciated at their full 
worth. As soon as more intimate trade rela- 
tions with Mexico and the Spanish-American 
republics are encouraged by a mutual reduction 
of tariffs, a further immense impetus will be 
given to this business, and St. Louis will easily 
maintain its position as a manufacturing point 
for agricultural machinery of every kind. In 
carriages and wagons, which are in a measure 
connected with this industry, St. Louis has been 
prominent and famous for years, and the increase 
in its output since the census of 1880 has been 
a subject of general comment in trade circles 
everywhere. 

In cars of every de- 
scription, the city is a 
producer on a thorough- 
ly wholesale plan. Its 
railroad supply houses execute orders from rail- 
roads with headquarters in cities many miles 
distant, and the output of cars, both freight and 
passenger, is very large. It is an interesting 
fact to record that, within the last two years, 
one of the prominent factories has executed a 
larger order for cars than was ever given, at one 
time, to any other factory in America. The 
growth in this industry has been stupendous. 
It is estimated that the value of the output dur- 
ing the year 1892 exceeded $8,000,000, and this 
is i:)robably correct, although, if accessories were 
added, the total would be much larger. The 
census of 18S0 only recorded the existence of 
seven establishments in this line, which were 
credited with employing a capital of some 
$314,000, and with having 601 men on their 
pay-rolls. The value of the output was placed 
at a little over a million dollars. In 1890 
twenty-four firms were returned in the govern- 
ment census, their combined capital was stated 
at $2,500,000, and the number of men and boys 
on their pay-rolls approximated 3,000. They 
paid, in wages alone, nearly twice the sum total 
of the product of 1880, and the total result of 
the year's work was placed at a trifle less than 
$G, 000, 000. These figures are very conserva- 



ti\e, and the estimate for 1892 is much more 
nearly accurate than the official record for 189U. 

In the manufacture of street cars St. Louis 
easily leads the world. Prior to the war the 
city turned out large numbers of passenger- 
carrying vehicles, and even during the war a 
very extensive stage-coach, omnibus and transfer 
business was done here. At the close of the 
war a fresh impetus was gi\en to the business, 
and for the first time St. Louis vehicles began 
to acquire prominence in the country. Other 
large western cities commenced to manufacture 
omnibuses and similar vehicles, but they did 
not possess either equal advantages or similar 
enterprise, and St. Louis soon forged to the 
front and secured a foremost position, which it 
has held ever since. Mechanics of ability were 
attracted here, and, when late in the sixties an 
improved type of street cars was produced, at- 
tention was attracted from all parts, and the new 
type of vehicle came to be regarded as a stand- 
ard one. During the fifteen or twenty years 
which followed, street cars of every description 
were manufactured here, and improvements of 
every character were introduced. The demand 
for bobtail cars was met by the manufacture of 
these somewhat unsatisfactory vehicles, and so 
many St. Louis improvements were introduced 
that they lost much of their original unpopu- 
larit\-. 

The introduction into St. Louis of rapid 
transit, some six or eight years ago, led to another 
marked revival in this industry, and the re- 
sources of the establishments were soon taxed to 
their utmost to meet the demands of the ener- 
getic street railway presidents, who insisted on 
getting the best of everything, regardless of 
price. Some of the cars in use on local street 
railroads at the present time are uneqnaled, and, 
indeed, scarcely imitated in any other city, and 
so many patents have been produced here that 
the name of St. Louis is identified with nearly 
all of the best types of street railroad cars to be 
found in any cit\- in the Union. 

Very large shipments are made from time to 
time to Chicago, some of the roads in that cit\- 
having been equipped exclusively by St. Louis 



MANUFACTURES. 



39 



houses. The awakening in New York in favor 
of surface rapid transit has also been felt in 
an advantageous manner in St. Louis, orders of 
a very large character having been placed here 
during the last two or three years. Boston, 
Baltimore, Washington, Columbus, Cleveland, 
Kansas City, Denver, Salt Lake City, Milwau- 
kee, Detroit, Minneapolis and St. Paul have 
all looked to this city for street railroad supplies, 
and extensive shipments have also been made fre- 
quently to extreme southern points, such as New 
Orleans and Galveston, to saynothingof such dis- 
tant cities as Los Angeles, Portland and Tacoma. 
Nor is the popularity of St. Louis street cars 
confined to the United States. A good lesson 
in geography can be learned by a glance over 
the shipping books of any one of the gigantic 
street car factories of this city. England buys 
from St. Louis freely, while there are now 
running on Australian streets, cars made in the 
northern portion of St. Louis. A year or two 
ago an order was received and executed whereby 
the subjects of the Mikado of Japan were given 
an insight into the progress made by the street 
car builders of America in general, and of St. 
Louis in particular. 

St. Louis is by far the best 
saddlery and harness center in 
HARNESS. ^^^ United States. When it 
was merely a frontier town it commenced the 
manufacture of saddles and harness for the use of 
immigrants and pioneers, and when the war 
broke out the number of people engaged in the 
business v/as considerable. During the war im- 
mense orders were placed in St. Louis for army 
saddles and harness, and this is one of the few 
industries which in consequence did not suffer 
materially from the national disaster. During 
the last quarter of a century the business has 
assumed immense proportions, and a careful re- 
view of the transactions of the twelve exception- 
ally large factories of St. Louis, and of the many 
smaller ones, indicates that the annual value of 
the output is now a little more than $5,000,000. 
The trade is very varying in character. St. 
Louis has a practical monopoly of the business 
in the Western and Southwestern States, and to 



SADDLERY AND 



these it ships saddles of the Texan or Mexican 
type of the most elaborate character, some of 
them heavy enough in themselves to provide 
what would appear to be quite a considerable 
load for the little animals on which they are usu- 
ally fitted. But the trade is not by any means 
restricted to heavy saddles for cowboys and 
farmers. Some of the best retail establishments 
in New York obtain their supplies from St. 
Louis, which also ships to points as far distant 
as British Columbia and even Europe. Light 
racing saddles of great popularity are made in 
the city, and harness of every description is also 
produced. One of the largest whip factories is 
to be found here, and in every department act- 
ivity prevails. During the last eight or ten 
years the practice of sending out of the city for 
supplies needed in these kindred trades has en- 
tirely died out, and now nearly everything 
required is made at home, and an additional 
impetus thus given to other branches of the 
leather industry. 

STOVES AND ^°^ ^^^ stoves, ranges and fur- 
naces St. Louis was famous long 
before it took first rank among 
manufacturing cities, and it has maintained its 
supremacy to this day. The history of the in- 
dustry is the history of the lives of some of its 
best-known citizens, and it is full of facts which 
are far stranger than fiction. The value of its 
output in these lines is considerably in excess 
of two millions per annum, and is increasing, not 
every year, but every month. The largest fac- 
tory in the world devoted to this class of manu- 
facture is situated in St. Louis, and the name of 
the city is a bj'-word with all who handle stoves 
or ranges of any description. There are no ge- 
ographical limits to this trade, St. Louis ships 
to every State in the Union, and to all parts of 
the American continent. Europe has been slow 
in appreciating the value and convenience of 
American stoves and ranges, but of late years 
St. Louis has shipped many of its best products 
in this line to London and other trans-Atlantic 
markets. St. Louis ranges swept everything 
before them at the World's Fair, and came back 
loaded down with blue ribbons. 



40 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



THE LEAD INDUSTRY 

IN 

DIFFERENT BRANCHES. 



St. Louis is the larg- 
est white lead manu- 
facturing city in the 
world, and it continues 
to increase its output every year. The annual 
yield nov/ exceeds 30,000 tons in weight and 
$4,000,000 in value. The three largest facto- 
ries in the country are in the city, and their ca- 
pacity appears to be unlimited. The figures 
would be even more astounding but for trade 
combinations which have had an effect on prices 
and restricted the output throughout the entire 
countr}'. Pig lead had been held for too great 
an advance, and this had the effect of putting 
up the price of white lead too high, giving the 
dealers in mixed paints an opportunity to com- 
pete more bitterly than ever. The heavy floods 
in the Mississippi Valley of two or three years 
ago also had a depressing effect on this industry, 
which however has nearly regained lost ground 
and is now in a very flourishing condition, with 
annual shipments of white lead amounting to 
something like forty million pounds, as com- 
pared with fourteen millions in 1880 and twenty- 
one millions in 1 .S8(!. The trade is one in which 
great variation in the annual output is unavoid- 
able, but the general tendency in St. L,ouis is 
decidedly in the right direction, and there is no 
fear of the city's claim to supremacy being 
challenged in the long run. 

Another branch of the lead business which 
has shown even more remarkable and satis- 
factory increase is lead pipe and sanitary supplies 
generally. One of the largest plumbers' sup- 
plies establishments in the world is located in 
St. Louis, with a large branch in an Illinois city. 
It has advertised St. Louis throughout the 
entire labor world by the successful efforts of its 
controllers to introduce the profit-sharing sys- 
tem into its pay-rolls. One effect of this act of 
genuine philanthropy has been to so popularize 
and strengthen the local trade that it is very 
unusual for any supplies to be obtained from out 
of tlie city, in spite of the fact that some of the 
eastern factories boast themselves of being the 
best in the world; and besides establishing a 
practically local monopoly, the enterprise of the 



establishments has enabled them to make vigor- 
ous inroads into the territory of New York and 
Boston manufacturers, shipments in this line of 
business going daily to the Atlantic and Pacific 
Coasts and even to foreign countries. 

In the South and Southwest St. Louis is 
known as a great sanitarj- plumbing center, and 
in many lines of business the factories can hardly 
keep up with the heavy orders their own enter- 
prise has called forth. The more general incorpo- 
ration of bath-room accommodations in private 
houses, together with the enormous cpiantity of 
plumbing called for in the commercial palaces 
which are being erected in every part of 
St. Louis, have also combined to keep the fac- 
tories busy and to drive away any possible fear 
that might exist as to the future of the city in 
this regard. Improved methods in building, 
which have enabled contractors to keep up their 
work for the entire year instead of limiting their 
operations to six or eight months in the spring, 
summer and fall, have abolished the quiet time 
which used to be looked for in the plumbers' 
supplies industry in winter, and taken away the 
possibility of catching up with orders in arrear 
during the winter months. The capacity of the 
factories has been steadily increased, and al- 
though the sales of sanitary plumbing materials 
now exceed four millions per annum, the supply 
is ample without going out of the city for 
assistance. 

St. Louis is the largest shot manufacturing 
and distributing center in the world. Nearly a 
million dollars are invested in the shot towers, 
and these convert into shot 6,000 to 10,00l» 
tons of pig lead every year. The competition 
in this line of business is heavy, but the local 
manufacturers succeed in holding their own and 
in doing a profitable business in spite of draw- 
backs. The census of 1890 gave some interest- 
ing information as to the capital employed and 
the number of men engaged in the various in- 
dustries connected directly with lead. This 
shows that upwards of 4,000 men find employ- 
ment in this line, to say nothing of an immense 
number of others who are engaged in kindred 
industries returned under other heads. 



MAN UFA C TURES. 



41 



St. Louis bricks are in de- 
BRICK AND , , ,, ,, , 

inand as far east as New \ ork, 
SEWER PIPE. , . .1. . .1 

as iar west as the towns on the 

Pacific Coast, and as far north as Canada. The 
clay fonnd in the neighborhood of St. Louis is 
the finest in the country, and nearly 1UI),0()0 
tons of it are shipped out of the city yearly, 
though enough is kept at home to make St. 
Louis one of the largest brick manufacturing 
cities in the world. The clay is free from 
gravel, and can be made into brick with the aid 
of water and shovel alone. Such primiti\e 
modes of construction have, however, been long 
since superseded by machinery. One company 
alone makes over 100, 000, GOO bricks in St. 
Louis e\-ery year, and it is ahnost impossil.il e 
to ascertain the actual total output, though it 
far exceeds 200,000,000 annually. Hydraulic 
press bricks are a specialty of St. Louis, and 
their popularity throughout the entire country 
is generally known. These, together with the 
other most popular St. Louis-made bricks, are in 
growing demand in all sections, and during the 
year 1<S5I3 the capacity for manufacture was in- 
creased to a most remarkable extent. 

Other clay manufactures show almost equally 
astounding totals for St. Louis. There is an 
abundance of good fire clay to be found near the 
city and, indeed, within its corporate limits. 
Sewer pipe is also produced in immense quanti- 
ties, the output exceeding fifty tons every year. 
The local demand, which is always heavy, is 
augmented by large orders constantly received 
from all the central and Western States, and 
there are, in addition, sales every year in New 
England and on the Pacific Coast. This is an 
industry which has made enormous strides dur- 
ing the last fi.-w years. The exceptional value 
of the trade is now generally admitted, and in- 
quiries are being received from manufacturers 
in all sections who are looking out for suitable 
territory in which to carry on their business. 

The C/ny Rtcord, published at Chicago, in a 
recent re\-iew of the brick industry of the United 
States, said: 

"The increasing use of pressed brick in this 
countr\- is due more largely to the growth of the 



St. Louis manufacture of pressed brick than any 
other cause. St. Louis ships pressed brick to 
New York, New Orleans, San Antonio, Duluth 
and Seattle. It is the head and front of the 
pressed brick industry. Its product last year 
was 220,000,000 brick. Fifteen years ago the 
product was not 30,000,000, and these latter 
figures include brick made by the old-time pro- 
cess. One St. Louis company is the biggest 
manufacturer of pressed brick in the world, and 
has branch yards in several cities. It began 
operations twenty-five years ago, with every 
architect in the country opposed to pressed 
brick. Now nearly all of the tallest buildings 
in America are made of this material. The 
St. Louis brickmaking capacity has increased 
within fifteen years from 240,000 a week to 
2,000,000. Nineteen hundred workmen are em- 
ployed, and even in the East, where brickmaking 
has at least reached something like the pro- 
ficiency of the West, St. Louis brick is preferred, 
though it must be purchased at an advance over 
the price paid for native brick. There is some 
virtue in the St. Louis clay, which also adds to 
the quality of the brick. 

" The fancy and ornamental brick trade was 
not known there fifteen years ago. It is now a 
great business. Over 2.50 different shapes and 
designs are kept in stock. Gravel brick, un- 
known, save in England, fifteen years ago, are 
now made in St. Louis with as good success as 
in England. The only terra cotta works in 
St. Louis began in a small wooden building in 
1882. Now they are shipping their product 
East, West, North and South. A quarter of a 
million represents their annual output. 

"St. Louis leads in firebrick and fireclay 
products. Fifteen years have shown wonderful 
growth. The Cheltenham district produces 
more fire clay sewer pipe than any other district 
in the United States. The St. Louis output of 
brick is but little behind the entire output of 
the State of Ohio, and fire brick, gas retorts, 
chimney tops, fire-proofing, crucibles, and sewer 
pipe are the Cheltenham goods. The City of 
Mexico, Monterey, and all the eastern cities use 
its fire brick. It turns out, at full capacity, 



42 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



THE BREWERIES 
OF ST. LOUIS. 

manufactures. 



three miles of clay sewer pipe a day. One 
concern ships thirty-five to forty tons of fire 
brick. St. Louis has the best fire clay out of 
En.^land. Near Rolla, Missouri, is another great 
deposit, even more refractor)' than that found 
here in such inexhaustible quantities. There 
are eleven fire brick firms. The shipments 
last year were 9,329 cars of fire brick at $90 a 
car, 747 cars of fire clay at $35 a car, and 2,211 
cars of tile at $195 a car. The industry em- 
2)lo}s 1,172 hands." 

The beer brewing indus- 
try of St. Louis ranks among 
the most important of its 
The city is one of the first beer 
manufacturing cities in the world, and it boasts 
proudly of the largest brewery in the United 
States and the most magnificent brewery in the 
world. At the world's competition at Chicago, 
this year (bSDo), St. Louis beer won the high- 
est award, scoring more points than the products 
of any other city. This is an industry wdiich 
has more than kept pace with the growth of the 
city, a fact which a perusal of the followirig 
extract from the Missouri Repiiblicau., of Sep- 
tember 20, 1854, clearly indicates: 

"St. Louis has about twenty-four breweries, 
and every one of them has stored nearly twice 
the quantity of ale, for this summer, that has 
been made in any preceding one. As we are 
informed by one of the largest dealers of this 
article, the quantity may safely be reckoned at 
forty thousand barrels of lager beer and, per- 
haps, twenty thousand barrels of common beer. 
By an average count, one barrel of about thirty 
gallons gives about three hundred glasses. 
Thus we have about twelve million glasses of 
lager beer and about six million glasses of com- 
mon beer. Common beer is sold at five dollars 
per barrel and lager beer at seven dollars, that 
is at wholesale. This will make the amount 
received by the brewers: for lager beer, $290,- 
000, and for common, $100,000. The retailers, 
at five cents a glass, took in $600,000 for lager 
beer, and $300,000 for the common article. 
Just think of it, nearly a million dollars spent 
in St. Louis, during one summer, for beer." 



In LSGO, 122,400 barrels of lager beer, 85,500 
of common beer, and 4,400 barrels of ale were 
manufactured, worth at wholesale $1,500,000, 
so that during the six years preceding the war 
the brewing industry of St. Louis increased 
with remarkable activity. Between 18(50 and 
1870 the production of beer more than doubled 
itself, and during the next seventeen years the 
increase w'as nearly five hirndred per cent, for 
at the present time the breweries of St. Louis 
are producing fully 2,000,000 barrels, or more 
than 60,000,000 gallons yearly. The following 
table shows the increase, ^-ear by year, since 
1877, with but one fractional decrease during 
the entire period: 



Year. 


liarrels. 


CJallons. 


1877 - 

1S79 '! 

18S0 

1881 

\m, :.\-Z-..i^s:.:zz. 

18S4 

1885 

18S6 

1887 

1888 

1889 

ISflO 
1801 
l.slt2 - 


471.232 

521,684 

613,667 

828,072 

959,236 

1,069,715 

1,100,000 

1,12-2,265 

1,086,032 

1,280,091 

1,383,301 

1,482,883 

1,546.587 

1,856,883 

1.810,812 

1,961,449 


14,008,192 
16,172,204 
19,023.077 
25.670,232 
29,7:«,3I3 
33,661,165 
34,100.000 
34,790.215 
83.666.992 
39.682 821 
43,557,.S72 
46.710.815 
4.S.717.490 
58,4!)8.114 
56.1.35,172 

eo.su.oio' 



The census returns for 1890 go more fully into 
the growth during the eighties. Thus, in 1880 
the capital invested in this industry was returned 
at $4,000,000, iu.st one-fourth the total for 1890. 
During the ten years the army of enii:)loycs in- 
creased from 1,200 to 2,800, and the annual 
wages from a little more than half a million to 
two millions and a quarter. The value of the 
product annually appears to be almost identical 
w-ith the capital invested, and the increase dur- 
ing the ten years was hence about four hundred 
per cent. Se\-eral new breweries have been 
started since the census was taken, and at the 
present time the number of men employed ex- 



*Tlie returns for 1893 could not be included in this 
work. Taking the actual figures for November ami 
estimatin.sj for December, the number of gallons would be 
about 63,000,000. 



MANUFACTURES. 



43 



ceeds 8,700,* to whom there are paid in waj^es 
at least two and a half million dollars. 

There are about twenty-five large breweries 
in St. Louis, in addition to several others which 
are small only by comparison. Reference has been 
made in the preceding chapter to the purchase 
by the English syndicate of some fifteen of our 
most prominent breweries. This transaction 
was completed some five years ago, and the syn- 
dicate has so increased the capacity of its enor- 
mous plants that it now produces three-quarters 
of a million barrels of beer annually, and can 
increase its output to a million and a half bar- 
rels when the demand makes it necessary'. The 
purchase of the breweries by these capitalists 
created quite a sensation, and called attention to 
St. Louis in a variety of ways. The two largest 
breweries held aloof from the transaction, and 
could not be tempted by English gold. These 
breweries are visited every year by thousands of 
tourists, and a regular system of guides to pilot 
the strangers over the immense plants is main- 
tained. The large-st of them is in itself a small 
town, in addition to which it maintains branches 
in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh 
and other cities, and the actual number of its em- 
ployes exceeds 4,000. Shipments are made to 
^lexico, to West Indies, Central America, Brazil, 
the Sandwich Islands, Australia, Japan, China 
and other equally distant points. Quite recently 
another attempt has been made "ay wealthy Lou- 
don bankers to obtain control of the two mam- 
moth breweries of St. Louis which have so far 
reserved their individuality. The effort was not 
successful, but the persistency of those making 
^.he offer cannot be regarded as other than a 
vvell-merited compliment to a city which is just 
beginning to be appreciated at its full worth in 
the old world. During the years 185*0, ISiH 
and l.s;t2 new establishments have been erected 
in St. Louis, and increased competition has been 



*State Labor Coiiiniissioner's Report, 1893. These cal- 
culations exclude resident agents and salesmen, traveling 
men, clerical help, etc. The Anheuser-Busch Biewery, 
alone, finds eniplovment for more men than are returned 
for all the breweries combined, but its vast army of ^^\\- 
nlnvcs inchidi-i many hundred men who are not brewers 
or actual producers. 



created. St. Louis is not quite the greatest beer 
producing city in America, but it does not fall 
far below the leaders in this respect, and before 
the century expires it will pass at least two of 
the three cities which now lead it. 

TOBACCO "'"^^ tobacco St. Louis leads 

the entire country, a fact 
Am ClOARS. ... , ., ^' 

which can be easily proved by 

reference to the returns made yearly to the gov- 
ernment officers and to the amount of revenue 
paid. Our largest tobacco house has the record 
of paying a larger tax in a given period than 
any other establishment, and it is certainly the 
best equipped establishment of its kind in the 
world. As long ago as ISiJO the city claimed 
the largest tobacco manufacturing house in 
the West, and from that time to this it has easily 
maintained its supremacy, not only over the 
West, but also the entire country. In IJSSO there 
were in the city 222 establishments engaged in 
the manufacture of tobacco or cigars, with a 
capital of about one and a half million. The 
number of hands employed was 2,(i27, and the 
value of the product was less than $6,000,000. 
The census for 1890 revealed the existence in 
the city of 12 tobacco factories and 29(i cigar 
factories, with a total product valued at about 
§16,000,000. The way in which the govern- 
ment revenue is collected makes it easy to ascer- 
tain at any period the condition of the tobacco 
industry. From the government returns it is 
evident that St. Louis manufactures about one- 
fourth the tobacco product of the United States. 
The number of pounds now manufactured yearly 
is about 60,000,000, worth nearly §20, 000, 000. 
About 6,000 people are kept constantly ein- 
plo)ed, and the popularity of St. Louis brands 
is so great that they sell practically in every 
part of the civilized world, and certainly in 
even,- city of the United States. The animal 
increase in the product varies from ten to fifteen 
per cent, and, although the output was reduced 
in 1892 by a disastrous fire, the returns for that 
year showed a gain of upwards of 2,000,000 
pounds. The New Jersey district, which comes 
second to St. Louis in the returns, had for many 
years a verj- valuable trade in the far West, but 



44 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



St. Louis factories have now secured a practical 
monopoly of this trade, and, in addition, the de- 
mand from Mexico and other Spanish-American 
countries is largely on the increase. 

The city is, of course, exceptionally well lo- 
cated for a cigar jobbing center, and one house 
in it handles more cigars than any one house in 
any other city. From $3,000 to $5,000 is 
paid weekly by manufacturers in the way of 
duty, and there are now more than a million 
cigars manufactured every week. About 30,000 
pounds of snuff are placed on the market by 
St. Louis houses every year. 

Passing to a more indispensable article of 
every-day life, it may be stated that St. Louis 
is the third largest flour manufacturing city in 
America, its output being exceeded only by 
Minneapolis and Milwaukee. If the returns 
from factories situated outside of the city limits, 
but owned and operated by St. Louis millers, 
are included, the city is second in the order. 
The annual output of mills within the city 
limits exceeds 1,000,000 barrels, to which should 
be added 1,800,000 manufactured annuall\- at 
mills situated at Alton, Litchfield, Belleville, 
Red Bud, Nashville, Clinton, St. Mary's and 
other points, but which are owned and operated 
by St. Louis firms. The amount of flour han- 
dled by millers and dealers has increased more 
than fifty per cent since 188(>, and the industry- 
is in as healthy condition as is possible with 
wheat at the phenomenally low prices which 
have prevailed for over a year. Even this low 
price has its advantages, for it has enabled 
millers to place flour in eastern and other mar- 
kets hitherto closed against them. About half 
a million barrels are shipped yearly to Europe, 
about 38,000 to Canada, about twice that quan- 
tity to Havana, by rail to Gulf points, in addition 
to over 80,000 barrels sent down the river to 
New Orleans and thence to Havana. About 
80,000 barrels are shipped to eastern points, and 
about 1,500,000 barrels to the Southern States. 
It is impossible to 



OTHER INDUSTRIES" 
$54,514,383. 



deal at length with the 
immense mainifactur- 



interests grouped in the table on a preceding 



page as " other iudustries," with an aggregate 
annual product valued at §54,514,383. Indeed, 
if each industry were to be handled in detail an 
entire work would be occupied. But there are 
some points of especial interest in connection 
with some of the trades not mentioned specific- 
ally, which ought to be recorded. Thus, St. Louis 
is one of the largest publishing centers in the 
world, producing and binding an immense num- 
ber of books. Its planing mill industry is one 
of immense imjjortance, gaining in magnitude 
every year. It is one of the largest candy and 
cracker manufacturing cities in the world, be- 
sides having within its corporate limits the larg- 
est cracker factory in America. The first city 
to have its streets lighted from end to end by 
aid of electricity, the business in electric sup- 
plies of every description has naturally grown 
until to-day it has assumed a magnitude far be- 
yond general acknowledgment. The value 
of the output is $6,000,000 per annuni, and 
shipments are made regularly to New York and 
London. 

Enough patent medicines are manufactured 
in the city every year to either kill or cure the 
entire population of a good-sized nation, and the 
product of St. Louis chemical manufactories is 
also enormous. The census returns show that 
these two industries together have a product in 
excess of $5,000,000 per annum, and this calcu- 
lation is probably an undcr-statenient rather 
than otherwise. In paints and oils its business 
is constantly increasing, and in bags and bag- 
ging it defies competition. Glass manufactured 
in St. Louis was used almost exclusi\-ely in the 
World's Fair buildings, a striking tribute to the 
manufacturing greatness of St. Louis by its old- 
time rival. One of the largest contracts for glass 
ever issued was the one for the lights in the 
enormous roof of the new Union Station, and 
this contract was executed by a St. Louis house. 
St. Louis was the first city to manufacture silver- 
ware west of the Alleghany mountains, and in a 
hundred other ways it has established its right 
to be regarded as the greatest manufacturing 
center of the West, and as one of the greatest 
manufacturintj cities in the world. 



TRADE AND COMMERCE. 



CHAPTER IV. 

TRADE AND COMMERCE. 

ST. LOUIS TERRITORY, AND THE W.AY IN WHICH ITS ORDERS FOR MERCHANDISE ARE EXECUTED. 



AKK A VlW uf tlie United States and 
draw a circle with a 5()()-niile radins 
round New York, Chica.i^o and St. 
Lonis. The result will astonish you, 
unless you are already acquainted 
with the fact that a larger number of 
people reside in or within 500 miles of St. Louis 
than in or within 500 miles of any other city 
in the United States. At least two-fifths of the 
New York circle extends into the Atlantic 
Ocean, and more than another fifth is taken up 
by Lakes Erie and Ontario and the southern 
section of Canada. Of the Chicago circle, the 
lakes occupy at least a third. 

St. Louis is much more fortunate, for nearly 
the entire circle covers rich land in a district 
the growth of which has surprised the world. 
It includes the whole of Missouri, Illinois, In- 
diana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Ar- 
kansas and Iowa, with portions of Nebraska, 
^Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, West 
\'irginia, Virginia, North and South Carolina, 
Georgia, Alabama, the Indian Territon,-, Okla- 
homa and Kansas — truly, a magnificent territory', 
and one whose possibilities are unlimited In a 
few short years we shall be called upon to cele- 
brate the centennial of the Louisiana purchase. 
When the treaty of Paris was signed, the Amer- 
ican minister, Mr. Robert R. Livingston, said 
to M. IMarbois, with whom he had been treat- 
ing: ' 'We have lived long, but this is the noblest 
work of our lives. The treaty which we have 
just signed will change vast solitudes into flour- 
ishing districts. ' ' This prophetic utterance lias 



been amply justified by results; andasthat portion 
of the old Territory of Louisiana which is trib- 
utary to St. Louis has emerged from darkness 
into light and from wilderness to fertility, so 
has the city which is its commercial metropolis 
risen head and shoulders above all competitors, 
and become literally the best distributing point 
for merchandise in the United States. 

"St. Louis," says Julian Ralph, in the ex- 
ceptionally able article from which an abstract 
has alread}' been taken, "is commonly spoken 
of as the capital of the IMississippi Valley, but 
her field is larger. It is true that there is no 
other large city between her and New Orleans — 
a distance of 800 miles — but there is no other 
on the way to Kansas City, 283 miles; or to 
Chicago, 280 miles; or for a long way east or 
southwest. Her tributary territory is every 
State and city south of her; east of her, to the 
distance of 150 miles; north for a distance of 
250 miles; and in the west and southwest as far 
as the Rocky mountains. Between 18X0 and 
1890, the State of Missouri gained more than 
half a million inhabitants; Arkansas gained 
32(>,000; Colorado, 300,000; Kansas, 430,000; 
Kentucky, 200,000; Nebraska, 600,000; Texas, 
1)40,000; Utah, 64,000; New Mexico, Arizona 
and Oklahoma, 114,000. Here, then, was a gain 
of 3,174,000 in population in St. Louis' tribu- 
tary country, and this has not only been greatly 
added to in the last two and a half years, but 
it leaves out of account the growth in popula- 
tion of the States of Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Mis- 
sissippi and Louisiana," 



46 



OLD AiVD A'EIV ST. LOUIS. 



A ST. LOUIS 
COMMERCIAL 



We have said that the section 
of country within a 500-mile ra- 
dius of St. lyouis is rich, and that 
^uauKo. j^g possibilities are prodigious. 
The States named as coming within the circle 
have made themselves famous by their achieve- 
ments in agricultural and other directions, and 
their greatness need not be dilated upon. But 
there has arisen during the last four or five years 
a new territory whose growth has been phenom- 
enal. Reference is made to Oklahoma, a com- 
mercial suburb of St. Louis, and a country 
which was unknown to civilization until the 
three "openings," the first in 1889, and the 
third in 1893. In 1890, the original Oklahoma 
had a population of (i2,000, and now it is l.')(>,- 
000, a gain of 2.50 per cent in less than three 
years. The Cherokee Strip, recently opened, 
adds, it is computed, 100,000 to the population, 
bringing the total number of inhabitants in the 
Territory up to 251,000. This gives Oklahoma 
a larger number of inhabitants than any other 
of the Territories, for Utah, the most populous 
of all of them in 1890, had only 208,000 in that 
year, which number must still be considerably 
below the 250,000 mark. New Mexico's popu- 
lation in 1890 was 154,000, and Arizona's 
(ID, ()()(). In general business development and 
wealth, the growth of Oklahoma has been 
equally wonderful. The six national banks and 
twenty-four private Imnks in the Territory show 
that the industrial, commercial and financial in- 
terests of that region are well taken care of. 
The railroads running through it are well pat- 
ronized, and new lines are projected to meet the 
requirements of a steadily and rapidly expand- 
ing community. It was less injuriously affected 
by the financial disturbance than were the other 
Territories and some of the States, and, as a 
consequence, it has rallied quicker from the 
effects of the panic. Agriculture, of course, is 
far ahead of all other interests in the Territory, 
but factories are being established and mines 
opened. Within a few years its activities will 
be fairly well diversified, and a well developed 
and s\inmetricai growth will be had. 

St. Louis is especially interested in the growth 



and fortunes of the Territory. Her business re- 
lations with this city have been close and ex- 
tensive from the beginning, and they are being 
diversified and expanded rapidly. This city is 
the chief distributing point for the entire South- 
west, and Oklahoma is a growing, prosperous 
and progressive portion of that section. The 
creation of a prosperous territory- with a popula- 
tion of a quarter of a million inhabitants in three 
years, shows how limitless are the possibilities 
of the country in which it is situated. There 
are yet countless acres to be opened for settle- 
ment in the Indian Territory, and there is also 
room for millions of people in the great States 
that surround it. St. Louis is not exactly the 
center of population of the United States, which 
on June 1, 18'.tO, was situated about twenty miles 
west of Columbus, Indiana. The center moved 
nearly fifty miles west during the eighties, and 
will reach St. Louis in its westward course 
within ten or twenty years. But it is unneces- 
sary to wait for this event to happen, for St. 
Louis is to-day practically the center of com- 
merce of the North American continent. It is 
too far east to be western, too far west to be east- 
ern, too far north to be southern, and too far 
south to be northern. It is, in short, all things 
to all men and to all States — the great com- 
mercial and financial center of the most pros- 
perous nation in the world, and within compar- 
ati\-ely easy access by rail or river of all points. 
Thus, in addition to being the great distrib- 
uting jDoint for the West and the great wholesale 
supply point from which the leading cities of 
Kansas and Colorado obtain merchandise of every 
description, it is also in every sense of the word 
the metropolis of the South. The New South 
and New St. Louis may be spoken of as twin 
sisters, for their birth and growth has been prac- 
tically simultaneous. Cincinnati alone competes 
with St. Louis for the southern trade, but during 
the last twenty years the latter has so com- 
pleteh- outstripped the former that the competi- 
tion can scarcely be said to exist at this time. 
The rapid development of new and practically 
unsettled sections of the Southern States has 
caused an immense increase in the demand from 



TRADE AND COJIJMERCE. 



47 



TRADE WITH MEXICO 

AND 

SOUTH AMERICA. 



those sections, and in view of the popularity 
which immigration southward has attained, a 
still further growth in this direction is a cer- 
tainty. 

Nor is the trade of St. 
Louis limited by the 
boundaries of the United 
States. It is the nearest 
large city to Mexico, and is rapidly becoming 
the great centei of distribution for all points in 
the Mexican republic as well as in Spanish- 
American countries generally. European ex- 
porters up to a few years ago enjoyed a monop- 
oly of this trade, to which they catered so 
carefully that they popularized their goods and 
also their methods of doing business to an ex- 
tent which practically shut out trade from this 
country. The Spanish Club of St. Louis de- 
serves credit for having done more to get rid of 
this anomally than any other trade organiza- 
tion in the United States. Mexican merchants, 
as a rule, are well situated financially, but a sys- 
tem of long credits prevails, and this makes it 
absolutely necessary for the wholesaler to keep 
himself acquainted with the financial standing 
of those from whom orders are solicited. The 
Spanish Club, with the co-operation of the 
Autumnal Festivities Association, has made this 
easy by the collection of da,ta of every descrip- 
tion, and by placing t^iese data at the disposal of 
mercliants. The city is now supplying Mexico 
with goods of almost every description, but more 
notably with agricultural and other machinery, 
mill and mining supplies, steam and traction 
engines, shovels, hardware, sewing machines, 
belting, smoked and dried meats, groceries and 
provisions, wooden and willowware, glassware, 
fire brick, fire clay, cement, drugs and chem- 
icals, paints and oils, cordage, rubber goods, 
dressed lumber, street and railway cars and sup- 
plies, blank-books and stationery and printing 
presses, importing in return large quantities of 
coffee, sugar, rice and fruit. During the year 
1892 nearly a million pounds of hardware were 
shipped from St. Louis on through bills of lading 
to Mexico, Cuba and Central and South Amer- 
ica. Groceries and chemicals of equal weight 



were sent, in addition to which I.')?, 000 barrels 
of flour were shipped to Cuba. These totals 
merely represent the direct shipments from St. 
Louis which the work of improvement on the 
Mississippi river, now in progress, will make 
both easier and cheaper. A large quantity of 
merchandise is still shipped to Spanish-Amer- 
ican countries via New York houses, but the ad- 
justment of freights and the improved railroad 
communications between St. Louis and Mexico 
favor direct shipment only. 

Before passing to a consideration of some of 
the principal articles included in the wholesale 
and jobbing business of St. Louis, it is interest- 
ing to note that during the eighties the tonnage 
of freight received at St. Louis increased from 
6,000,000 to nearly 10,000,000, while the quan- 
tity of freight forwarded by railroads out of St. 
Louis increased from 2,7r)(),000 tons in 1880 
to nearly double that total in 1890. The freight 
tonnage of the railroads tributary to St. Louis 
increased from about 3.5,000,000 in 1880 to 
nearly 49,000,000 in 1890, an increase during 
the ten years of nearly 14,000,000 tons. Since 
these figures were published in connection with 
the census of 1890, there has been a marked 
increase in shipments of goods from St. Louis, 
and in 1892 nearly 9,000,000 tons of merchan- 
dise crossed the Mississippi river at St. Louis, 
an increase of fifty per cent since 1887. The 
total receipts of merchandise of St. Louis by 
river and rail were almost 12,000,000, as com- 
pared with 10,(500,000 in 1890. The shipments 
also show a very large increase and point to 
prosperity of a most j^ronounced type. 

The wholesale and 
jobbing dry goods 



DRV GOODS, BOOTS 
AMD SHOES, GROCERIES 



AND DRUGS. 



business of St. Louis 
shows an increase in 
tlie cash receipts of from ten to fifteen per 
cent per annum. The total sales now exceed 
$40,000,000 per annum, and they extend to 
points west of the Rocky mountains, as well as 
to cities in Indiana and over the entire South. 
In addition to the immense jobbing trade, the 
retail dr>^ goods trade of St. Louis has assumed 
immense importance, and the business trans- 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



acted in response to mail orders is very large. 
The hat and cap trade has developed from prac- 
tically nothing ten years ago, to about $5,000,000 
per annum at this time, and is growing with 
great rapidity. As a boot and shoe distributing 
city St. Louis is second only to Boston. Enor- 
mous as is the manufacturing output of the St. 
Louis factories, and rapid as has been the in- 
crease during the last ten years, the jobbing 
business in boots and shoes has shown an e^-en 
more astonishing growth. The exceptional 
causes which made trade dull throughout the 
entire countr}- during at least six months of the 
current year had less effect on the shoe trade of 
St. Louis than on any other city in the country-. 
In 1892 St. Louis received 828,071 cases of 
shoes, a gain over ISlll of about forty per cent. 
Ten years ago the receipts were less than 
300,000 cases, so that the gain has been excep- 
tionally pronounced, though it has chiefly taken 
place during the last four years. The ship- 
ments from Boston to various trade centers are 
usually considered as criterions, and it is inter- 
esting to note that while St. Louis received 
13,. 500 more cases from Boston than in the pre- 
ceding year, there was a falling off in the re- 
ceipts of New York of 13,000, at Chicago of 
8f),000 and at Baltimore of 44,000, showing 
that the immense gain of St. Louis meant a 
great deal more than an increased demand in 
keeping with the natural increase in popu- 
lation. 

The wholesale grocery- trade of St. Louis is 
so large that the sales are now nearly $i:)0,000,000 
a year. The increase for the year 1892 over 
the preceding year was twelve and a half per 
cent, largely due to increased orders from Mis- 
souri, Arkansas, Illinois, the Indian Territor}- 
and the Southeastern States, and to the opening 
up of new trrde in the Iowa district. In 
branches of the grocery trade, such as sugar, 
syrups and rice, very healthy gains are reported 
every year; and in coffee, which is one of the 
city's specialties, the gain in 1892 was enor- 
mous, the shipments increasing from 232,000 
sacks to 367,000. 

St. Louis is either the first or the second 



largest distributing point for drugs and chem- 
icals, and the volume of the business in these 
specialties now exceeds a million dollars a 
month. The largest drug house in the world 
has its home in St. Louis, and there are other 
establishments of enonnous proportions. The 
trade depression of 1893 checked the increase 
of eight or ten per cent in business which had 
been reported annually, but did not cause an\- 
marked falling off. The wholesale drug busi- 
ness is one which is not generally understood 
by the outside public, to many of whom it will 
be news that it is quite a common practice for a 
new proprietary' article to be placed in the hands 
of St. Louis jobbers, irrespective of the home of 
the inventor, simply because it has been ascer- 
tained by experience that St. Louis possesses 
unrivaled facilities for introducing into the 
market any novelty in the drug trade. The 
volume of business transacted is amazing in its 
extent and variety, and is a source of general 
surprise to those who have made themselves 
acquainted with the details. 

St. Louis has the largest 



HARDWARE 
A.\D HARDWOOD. 



hardware house in the world, 
and the city has few equals 
as a distributing point for this commodity. The 
year 1892 was an exceptionally favorable one 
for this trade. The actual receipts showed an 
increase of fifteen per cent and, as there was a 
general reduction in prices, the actual increase 
in the volume of trade was little, if any, less 
than twenty-five per cent. The foreign trade is 
exceptionally good, in addition to which the en- 
tire countr)' west of the Alleghany mountains is 
supplied. Indeed, shipments are made into 
many States which cannot, by any species of 
reasoning, be regarded as St. Louis terri- 
tory. Shipments are also made frequently to 
points within half an hour's ride of Chicago, 
and, what is even more remarkable, quite an 
extensive business is done with strictly eastern 
sections. The old craze for sending East for 
high-class decorations for homes is rapidly dying 
out in face of the progress made by St. Louis, 
which now sends more high-class hardware 
to the East than it receives from it, The 



TRADE AND COMMERCE. 



49 



annual sales amount to about $18,000,000, and 
are increasing with great rapidity. In wooden 
and willowware St. Louis does such an enor- 
mous trade that the sales are equal to those of 
all the other American cities combined — a state- 
ment which may seem extravagant, but which 
is easily borne out by an examination of tables. 
St. Louis is the best hardwood market in the 
world, and its lumber interests are enormous. 
It is so situated that the very best lumber 
regions are within easy access; and the reputa- 
tion the city has obtained as a lumber market 
has led to the choicest products coming to it. 
The receipts of lumber are so large that the figures 
are a trifle bewildering. Thus, in 1892 the num- 
ber of feet received was 883,943,163, an increase 
of fully twenty-five per cent on those of two 
years previously. The shipments were less than 
half the receipts, showing that during the year 
4()0,000,0()0 feet of lumber were consumed in 
the local planing mills, wagon and carriage fac- 
tories, and other establishments, a marked 
tribute to the city's manufacturing activity. 
The planing mill products alone realized at 
least $4,000,000 during the year, and are stead- 
ily increasing. 

COTTON '^^^^ general depression in 

the cotton trade during the 
AND WOOL. , ^ , , , '^ ^ 

last few years has been so great 

that much activity is impossible, but St. Louis 
is rapidly increasing its importance as a receiv- 
ing and distributing point. It draws most of 
its supplies from Arkansas, the other States 
which ship largely to St. Louis being Texas, 
Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Missouri, 
Louisiana and Kentucky. During the year 
1891 the city built up a very valuable export 
trade, shipping 185,000,000 bales to England, 
and smaller quantities to Germany, France, 
Belgium, Ireland, Saxony, Austria, Italy, Hol- 
land and Switzerland, the shipments to Ireland, 
Saxony and Holland opening up an entirel}' new 
trade. The total shipments diiring the year end- 
ing August 31, 1892, were 685,000 bales, of 
which nearly a third went direct to Europe, and 
17(i,000 bales to England. A great gain in 
this business cannot be looked for until condi- 



tions over which the city has no control are 
changed. 

At one time there existed a prejudice against 
St. Louis as a wool market, but this fortunately 
has entirely died out. The receipts in wool 
in St. Louis in 1892 were about 2(5,000,000 
pounds, 4,000,000 greater than in 1891, and 
larger than any year's in the city's historj-. The 
years 1888 to 1891 showed a satisfactory busi- 
ness, increasing during the four years a little 
over 2,000,000 pounds. The early eighties 
showed unfavorable returns, none of them ex- 
ceeding or even approaching the business of 
1879. A great jump was made in the forward 
direction in the year 1885, and now the strength 
of the St. Louis wool market is so great that 
there can be no possible anxiety as to the future. 
St. Louis is now a ver\' much stronger wool 
market than Chicago, and for domestic wools it 
is now the greatest market in the country', with 
the single exception of Boston. The great gain 
has been brought about mainly by the energy of 
the wool merchants, who have established for 
the city a great reputation for promptness in 
handling consignments and making remittances. 
This fact, coupled with the improved railroad 
facilities and reduced freight rates, has brought 
the vSt. Louis wool market in touch with the 
large wool producing areas in Montana, Wyo- 
ming and Colorado. Two of these States are 
within what is regarded as Chicago territory', 
which city formerly secured the bulk of the 
Colorado trade. Now, however, these three 
States send nearly the whole of their product to 
St. Louis, and the indications are that other ex- 
treme Western States will soon follow the good 
example set them. 

In shipments, St. Louis was even more active 
in 1892 than in receipts, the splendid total 
of 27,000,000 being reached, showing an in- 
crease of considerably over 5,000,000 pounds. 
The stock on hand on January 1, 1892, ex- 
ceeded 7,000,000 pounds, but the transac- 
tions for the year were so heavy that in spite 
of the great increase in receipts, the stock carried 
over to 1893 showed a ver>' gratifying decrease. 
It is probable that the increased demand from 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Northern and Northwestern areas is mainly re- 
sponsible for this increase in shipments. For- 
merly these mills relied upon Chicago for their 
supplies, and it is only in recent years that they 
have found out that they can get better treat- 
ment in St. Louis than in any other city in the 
country. Wisconsin is taking more and more 
of our wool every month, and mills within the 
city boundaries of Chicago send their orders in 
here with gratifying regularity. 

Strange buyers are seen in the city constantly, 
and are more than welcome. They are attracted 
here by reports of friends in the same line of 
business who have commenced drawing their 
supplies from St. L,ouis, and who have found it 
to their advantage to do so. The superiority of 
the St. Louis wool market in the matter of selec- 
tions is its guarantee for future success, and the 
great increase in wool manufacturing in the 
West and Northwest renders any anxiety un- 
necessary as to the maintenance of the demand 
in the sections which the city rightfully looks 
upon as its own. 

While the receipts of wool have doubled 
themselves during the last twelve years, the 
gain in hides and leather has been even more 
pronounced. The weight of the hides received 
has increased from 18,000,000 pounds in 1880 
to nearly 40,000,000 pounds per annum now, 
while the shipments have about doubled during 
the same period. In the early days of St. Louis 
it was noted for its transactions in peltries and 
furs, which increased steadily up to about the 
year 1870. For the next fifteen or sixteen years 
comparatively little progress was made, owing 
to causes which affected the wool industry of 
the entire country, but the business has in- 
creased six-fold during the last six years, and 
has now assumed enormous proportions. 

St. Louis is known as the 
best winter wheat flour market 
in the world, and it is the sec- 
ond in the list of primary grain markets in the 
United States. Its receipts in grain have in- 
creased more than sixty per cent in the last five 
years, as will be seen by the following con- 
densed table: 



Bush'ls 1892. 



WHEAT AND 
OTHER GRAIN. 



Wheat- 
Corn ..- 
Oats 

Rye 

Barley.. 


27,483,8.55 25 5-23. 1S3 11.7R1.774 13,810.591 I.S.OIO.IOS 

32,030, i):!(i-Ji,.-.:;o, '.'in i.' ,i;^i :\iMw.7s\ o,,, ■..,■,0,499 

10,604, MO IL', i:;--'.-JI.'. rj.-J.'.:' :i."i.". ll.::i:.:!lo lo,4.".(j,760 
l,189,l.o:i i.]i:i,4;i(i .-.ol.n.vi 07:i,:;r,4 4-21,514 
2,691,249 2,108,546 2,794,S6U 3,070,807 3,044,961 


Total. 


73,999,097162,744,374 72,260,344j63,207,883 47,202,842 



The export trade has increased with great 
rapidity, the European shipments being six 
times as large in 1892 as in 1890 in wheat 
alone. The popularity of St. Louis as a grain 
market is also proved by the increased receipts 
in wheat since 1886, when they were 8,400,000 
bushels, as compared with 27,000,000 in 1892. 
The transactions in hay have increased very 
rapidly during the last ten years, though, owing 
to the increased home consumption, the ship- 
ments have remained nearly stationar>\ Dur- 
ing the current year, hay has been shipped from 
St. Louis to France, and although the transac- 
tion was a comparatively insignificant one, it is 
of importance as showing what an immense field 
is open for St. Louis in exporting, and how 
easily these opportunities can be taken advan- 
tage of. 

St. Louis is the best horse 
and mule market in the 
United States; and so far as 
mules are concerned, its transactions are larger 
than those of all the other markets in the coun- 
try combined. The trade is confined to a com- 
paratively small area on Broadway, a few blocks 
north of the Eads bridge. About 50,000 mules 
are sold every year in this section, and the re- 
ceipts from sales exceed $5,000,000. The gov- 
ernment purchases between 1,000 and 2,000 
mules every year from St. Louis, and the south- 
ern planters rely on the city entirely for their 
supply. Shipments are made to Cuba in large 
numbers, one firm alone selling as many as 5,000 
head a year to Cuban planters. To such a perfect 
system has the trade been brought that tele- 
graphic orders are often received and executed for 
from twelve to a hundred mules wanted at distant 
points. The animals are graded very carefulh', 
and there is hence little difl&culty in fixing values 



HORSES, MULES 
AND LIVE STOCK. 



TRADE AND COMMERCE. 



51 



or completing trades. In horses, St. Louis also 
does a very large trade, as many as 20,000 being 
sold every year. It is quite an every-day occur- 
rence for high-grade carriage horses to be or- 
dered from St. Louis by New York and Chicago 
dealers. This is because St. Louis has the repu- 
tation of paying a higher price for stock than 
any other market, while the rapidity with which 
sales are made makes it profitable to sell at very 
low prices. More than one St. Louis magnate 
has ordered a pair of handsome carriage horses 
from a distant market in order to obtain some- 
thing exceptionally fine, only to have his order 
executed through a St. Louis dealer or broker 
at an additional expense to him of the commis- 
sion charged by the foreign house. 

In live stock generally, St. Louis is a highly 
important market. The total live cattle receipts 
in 1892 were 801,111, and almost the entire re- 
ceipts were marketed here. From (iOO to 800 
head of cattle are slaughtered daily at the Na- 
tional Stock Yards, and a great increase in fa- 
cilities is the result of the introduction of capital 
from outside points. During 1892, St. Louis 
sold more Te.xas cattle than Chicago, and the 
prices realized were somewhat higher. In spite 
of the general decrease of interest in sheep- 
raising throughout the country, there was but a 
slight falling off in the receipts or shipments of 
sheep: nor was the volume of business in hogs 
materially reduced, s^lthough the flood kept a 
great deal of trade away from the cit)-, in addi- 
tion to which less hogs were raised. It is a 
significant fact that, although a less number 
were sold, a very much larger sum was realized 
than in l.SiH, and the condition of the market 
nuist be described as exceptionally healthy in 
every respect. 

The storv of the 



RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS 
HERE AND ELSEWHERE. 



j^reatness of St. Louis 
as a wholesale and 
jobbing center might be continued without limit, 
but the few specialties selected must suffice to 
illustrate the general scope and extent of the 
business, which has assumed proportions far be- 
yond what the most enthusiastic New St. Louisan 
realizes, and which is growing every month. 



Before passing from the subject of trade and 
commerce, a reference must be made to the re- 
tail business of the city. St. Louis is without 
doubt the greatest shopping center in the West, 
and with but few exceptions the greatest in the 
country. The Bureau of Information recently 
issued a circular to 2,000 prominent citizens, 
asking them a series of questions as to the retail 
excellence of St. Louis. Among other queries 
was one as to the nature and extent of the as- 
sortments, and another asked for a comparison 
as to price. Nearly every reply was to the effect 
that the more one traveled the more was the 
con\iction driven home that New St. Louis was 
one of the most favored cities so far as stocks 
are concerned, and the opinion was unanimously 
expressed that retailers ask less for their wares 
than do those of any other city for similar grades. 
One of the leaders of society, a lady who was 
born in the East, but who is now the wife of one 
of St. Louis' leading bankers, did not exagger- 
ate one jot or tittle when she said : 

"Every year I visit the eastern stores, and 
every year I become more strongly convinced 
that our St. Louis merchants equal in energy 
and result any in the United States." 

Captain Cuttle's advice to his friends as to im- 
portant records of fact and philosophy was, 
"when found, make a note of." The hint 
expressed so tersely by the St. Louis lady is as 
valuable as any proverb of the past or present, 
and should be "made note of" and be borne 
constantly in mind by every resident in the city 
or within a day's journey of it. 

St. Louis merchants act on the principle that 
the best is the cheapest, and they accordingly 
carry the best goods in every grade, thereby ac- 
quiring and maintaining a reputation which 
adds greatly to their business, and which brings 
them in orders by mail from e\ery direction. It 
is impossible to estimate how many thousands 
of dollars are recei\ed in St. Louis daily by re- 
tailers, but the express and freight business 
transacted may be taken as a fair index, and 
this shows that St. Louis occupies a unique po- 
sition as a distributor of goods of ever)' descrip- 
tion required for household purposes. The store 



52 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



buildings of a few years ago having proved en- 
tirely inadequate to the wants of the present time , 
magnificent structures have been erected for the 
accommodation of merchant princes in various 
lines. Broadway and Olive street are special 
favorites with large retailers, and most of the 
large establishments are to be found on these 
magnificent thoroughfares, though in some lines 
adjoining streets are also quite popular. 

The retail dry goods houses may be described 
as singularly massive and complete, some of 
the largest establishments on the Parisian Bon 
Marche plan having acquired a national reputa- 
tion. In clothing and hats, the retail establish- 
ments are also conspicuously fine, while the 
most elaborate assortments of boots and shoes 
are to be found in numerous retail stores in the 
best locations in the city. 

Speaking of the retail trade of the city gener- 
ally, it may be said that the St. Louis merchants 
are specially favored by location. Not only have 
they a population of considerably over half a 
million within their own city from which to 
draw regular trade, but they also enjoy the trade 
of an immense number of suburban and semi- 
suburban cities, in addition to doing a large 
trade by express and through the mails with the 
residents of at least five States. Besides these 
excellent facilities for securing customers, they 
are remarkably well fixed for obtaining stock at 
reasonable prices. The manufactories of the 
city enable a large percentage of the supply to 
be drawn from home, and the railroad connec- 
tions with the East are such as to render it very 
easy and convenient to receive the latest pro- 
ductions of the great eastern houses. The city 
is also a United States port of entry and re- 
ceives goods from European centers direct to the 
consignee. Every advantage is taken of these 
facilities, and the latest fashion in St. Louis is 
never far behind the latest fashion in New York, 
London or Paris. 

The St. Louisan on his travels and anxious 
to have justice done his favored city should ac- 
quaint himself with some of the most remarkable 
of its commercial* achievements. 



*See also page 29. 



.St. Louis is the best market in America. 
It is by far the best hardwood lumber market. 
It is the largest soft hat market in the world. 
It has the largest drug house in the world. 
It sells more bags and bagging than any other 
city. 

It is the largest interior cotton market in the 
world. 

It is the best winter wheat flour market in the 
world. 

It is the largest inland coffee market in the 
world. 

It is the second primary grain market in the 
world. 

It is the largest horse and mule market in the 
world. 

Its wholesale grocer}- sales exceed !*;•(), 000, 000 
a year. 

It has the largest exclusive carpet house in 
America. 

It is the largest fruit and vegetable market in 
America. 

It has the largest hardware establishment in 
the world. 

It has the largest woodenware establishment 
in the world. 

It is the third largest dry goods market in the 
United States. 

It has the finest jewelry establishment in the 
United States. 

It ships more than 7."), 000, 000 pounds of barb 
wire annually. 

It exports more goods to ^Mexico than any 
other interior city. 

It is the best interior market in the United 
States for domestic wool. 

It handles more than half the woodenware 
sold in the United States. 

It receives by rail and river a million tons of 
merchandise every month. 

It is the largest shoe distributing point in the 
world, with one exception. 

It handles on an average nearly three million 
feet of lumber every working day in the year. 

Its transactions in dry goods, clothing, hats 
and shoes are in excess of $100,000,000 per 
annum. 



RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 53 

CHAPTER V. 

RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 

THE BEST RAILROAD CENTER IN THE UNITED STATES.-THE LARGEST CITY ON THE LARGEST 
RIVER IN THE WORLD.-THE LARGEST RAILROAD STATION IN THE WORLD. 




PROPHET," we are told, "is not 
without honor, save in his own 
country," and what is true of 
prophets is equally true of cities. 
Hence it was that the world generally 
was enlightened concerning the ex- 
traordinary advance of St. L,ouis as a railroad 
center, not by a St. Louis statistician, but by 
Mr. Robert P. Porter, Superintendent of the 
Eleventh Census, whose under-statement of the 
population of the city in 1890 proves conclu- 
sively that he is not unduly prejudiced in favor 
of St. Louis. In the speech delivered by the 
superintendent on November 21, 1891, from 
which quotations have already been made, he 
called attention to the fact that St. Louis, as a 
railroad center, is something of which the 
nation, as well as the citj-, can be proud. "We 
may throw Ohio, Indiana and Illinois out of 
consideration," he said, "and still have more 
miles of railroad tributary to St. Louis than the 
total mileage of the United Kingdom, of Ger- 
many, France or Austria-Hungar>'. Add half 
of Illinois, which is justly tributary to this city, 
and we have a railway mileage, tributary to 
this one great river city, equal to the combined 
railway mileage of the United Kingdom and 
Austria-Hungary. Again, take the mileage of 
railways centering in St. Louis, and we find it 
equal to the total mileage of the German Em- 
pire, and exceeding by about five thousand miles 
the total mileage of railways of England or of 
France. These are not boastful facts, but facts 
which point to a future far beyond that as yet 
attained by Europe's great ri\er cities." 
A year later, another tribute to the excellence 



of St. Louis as a railroad center, was paid by 
Mr. Julian Ralph, who, in his article in Har- 
per' s Neiv Alonthly Alagasiiic, for No\ember, 
1892, said: "St. Louis has become remarkable 
as a centering place of railroads. The city is 
like a hub to those spokes of steel that reach out 
in a circle, which, unlike that of most other 
towns of prominence, is nowhere broken by lake, 
sea or mountain chain. Nine very important 
railways, and a dozen lesser ones, n:eet there. 
The mileage of the roads thus centering at the city 
is 25,678, or nearly 11,000 more than in 1880, 
while the mileage of the roads that are tributary 
to the city has grown from 35,000 to more than 
57,000. These railways span the continent 
from New York to San Francisco. They reach 
from New Orleans to Chicago, and from the 
Northwestern States to Florida. Through Pull- 
man cars are now run from St. Louis to San 
Francisco, to the City of Mexico, and to St. 
Augustine and Tampa in the season. New 
lines that have the city as their objective point 
are projected; old lines that have not gone there 
are preparing to build connecting branches, and 
several of the largest systems that reach there 
are just now greatly increasing their terminal 
facilities in the city with notable works at im- 
mense cost." 

These two quotations from 
the utterances or writings of 
outsiders, show how the rail- 
road facilities of St. Louis are appreciated 
throughout the country at the present time. 
During the eighties the growth in the city's 
railroad facilities, and in the territory which it 
supplies with merchandise, were enormous. 



THE SITUATION 
IN 1890. 



54 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



During the decade the railroad mileage of Texas, 
which is one of the States which draws nearly all 
its supplies from this city, increased 1-17 per 
cent; those of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Ar- 
kansas, three more States in St. Louis territory, 
more than doubled during the same period, 
while the Indian Territory railroad mileage 
increased nearly four-fold. The increase in 
Kansas, another distinctly St. Louis State, was 
about eighty per cent, and through the entire 
section tributary to St. Louis there was a gain 
of 21,000 miles, or about sixty-one per cent. The 
following table shows the general increase in 
mileage, tonnage and passenger traffic of the 
St. Louis railroads between the years of 1X80 
and 1890. It was not prepared for the purpose 
of demonstrating the greatness of St. Louis, but 
is part of the official record of the census of 
l.SiK): 



is '^\ 



oo ooo ooo 

oo ooo ooo 

o o_ o_ o o_ o_ o_ o 

t^ (M r-( l^ lO O fC c«^ 



;§§ i§S 

: O o ; OO 
:b."o :o"t-r 



:|| 



i- oo : C ; 



'a : X = 



"i^%^% :||S'20Sn«S-S°S S^S 






These figures are bewildering in their vast- 
ness, especially when it is remembered that it is 
but a little more than forty years ago when w'ork 
was commenced on the first railroad entering 
St. Louis. It is interesting at this period, and 
in view of the marvelous achievements of St. 
Louis railroads, to glance back for a moment at 
the early efforts to secure railroad connection of 
any kind for St. Louis. After the Legislature 
of ]\Iissouri had in the year 184i:) incorporated a 
railway company to build a road from St. Louis 
to Jefferson City, with a view to its being ex- 
tended out to the Pacific Ocean, local sentiment 
was inclined to be facetious as well as skepticr.l. 

During the last year or two there have been 

many prophets who have doubted the possibility 

of connecting St. Louis and Chicago by means 

of an electric railroad which would shorten the 

distance between the two cities so as to bring it 

down to a three-hours' journey. Forty-four years 

ago there were as many, if not more, people who 

were certain that the road then j^rojected across 

the State would never be built. 

While people were discussing the 
A FORECAST 

impossibility of the project, ilr. 

m 1849. ' ... ^^ T ^- c 

Ihomas Allen called a meeting oi 

the incorporators at the St. Louis insurance 
rooms and delivered an address which forms 
"mighty interesting reading" at this time. 
Mr. Allen asked his hearers to imagine that the 
road had been constructed and opened for traffic. 
"Let us enter," he said, "the depot or station- 
house, which is the largest house in the cit\'. 
Here we see boxes of merchandise of all sizes, 
and various articles of household and family 
utensils, hogsheads of sugar, sacks of coffee and 
of salt, barrels of molasses and of whisky, kits 
of mackerel, boxes of raisins, bundles of paper, 
wagons in pieces and small carriages, kegs of 
nails, bars of iron, boxes of Indian goods, of 
shoes, hats, tar and turpentine, marked for the 
towns in the interior, and some for Deseret, all 
of which the men are at work placing in the freight 
train. There is none of that disorder and flurry 
which exists upon the levee, but all is neatness 
and order. 

"But the bell is ringing. We will take our 



RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 



55 



ticket and step aboard the passenger train with 
fifty or sixty other passengers who are destined 
for varions points along the line of the road. 
Off we go, with the speed of twenty-five miles 
an hour. We have not gone five miles when 
the pace of the train is slacked and we observe 
one or two gentlemen jumping off at the su- 
burban residences. A few miles further is a 
platform and a turn-out. Here several are 
waiting to get off to go to their dwellings. 
Here also we observe a string of open cars laden 
with coal. We pass on, scarcely having time 
to observe the fine residences which city gen- 
tlemen have constructed all along each side of 
the road, but we stop every few moments to let 
off a passenger or two and take on as many 
more, so that our numl^er is kept about the 
same. Here we pass a train loaded with wood, 
with a few cars of baled hay attached. The 
country on either side seems to be full of busy 
men and everj' farm occupied. Directly we 
reach a water station, where we observe im- 
mense piles of cord-wood, and many men en- 
gaged in hauling and cording. Here also is a 
small refreshment house, and here again we 
leave and take on a few passengers. 

"We come in sight of the Missouri, and catch 
a glimpse, as we pass, of a steamboat, with a 
small freight and a few passengers, pufling away 
and hard on a sand-bar. Soon we meet a freight 
train loaded with pigs of lead and copper and 
iron from Franklin county. In about two hours 
from St. Louis, we are at the Union Station, 
where we discharge a few passengers and ob- 
serve large piles of metal pigs. Though stop- 
ping now and then to leave or take on a pas- 
senger, or to supply the engine with water, we 
are soon in Gasconade county. We pass cars 
laden with cannel coal, and we discharge at 
Hermann Station a number of Germans and 
their baggage, and we observe some cars receiv- 
ing freight, some of it apparently pianos, and 
quite a number of pipes one would suppose to 
be wine — all the manufacture of Hermann. 
We are come, however, to the crossing of the 
Gasconade, which is a grand bridge of solid ma- 
sonry of great strength and durabilit). Here 



is quite an important station, and we notice a 
number of new buildings going up on lots sold 
by the railway company ; immense quantities of 
yellow pine piled up, and a number of cars at- 
tached to an engine ready to start to St. Louis 
with a heavy load of lumber. 

"We cross the Lamine, stop at the Saline 
Station, and we are struck witli the fine appear- 
ance of the country as we pass on and observe 
numerous excellent farms. We lea\-e a few 
passengers at Lexington Station, a few miles 
south of that place, and reach our station not 
far from the Kansas river (Kaw river) about tea- 
time, having been about ten hours from St. 
Louis. Here our remaining passengers, to the 
number of about twenty or thirty, dispose them- 
selves for the night at a good hotel, intending 
in the morning to be off for Independence, Lib- 
erty, Westport and St. Joseph, and other places 
up the river. The hotel is quite full of passen- 
gers, there being as many to go down as up, 
and in the station-house is a freight train ready 
to start. It was remarked that there was not 
less than a thousand tons of freight that day on 
this road. Now, although this be an imaginary 
trip, who can doubt, who knows anything of 
railroads, that the picture would be fully if not 
more than realized upon the opening of such a 
road? Can we do any better than to take the 
2,000 shares required preliminary to the per- 
manent organization? I am strong in the be- 
lief that if the road had been built but fifty 
miles, or if built to Jefferson City, it would pay. ' ' 
When ]\Ir. Allen concluded 



A GLORIOUS 
REALIZATION. 



this address he locked the door, 
and, turning to those present, 
remarked that it was a time for acting and not 
speaking, adding a hope that the 2,000 shares 
of stock required would be subscribed for before 
the door was unlocked. One hundred thousand 
dollars in stock was required, for which Messrs. 
James H. Lucas, John O' Fallon and Daniel 
Page subscriljed, and tlms was laid the founda- 
tion-stone for a railroad which in itself has be- 
come a source of untold worth to St. Louis, and 
of a railroad .system generally, which, as has 
been shown above, is equal or superior to that 



66 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



of any other city in the world. The St. Louis 
Traffic Commission, of which Mr. C. N. Osgood 
is executive officer, with the title of Commis- 
sioner, has enabled full benefit to be derived 
from the great railroad mileage of the city, and 
it is largely from the reports of Mr. Osgood that 
the data concerning these railroads centering in 
the city are taken. These railroads are: 

Atchison, Topkka & Santa Fe. 

Baltimore & Ohio. 

Chicago & Ai<ton. 

Chicago, BuRi.iiiGTON & Quincy. 

Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis ("The 
Big Four"). 

Illinois Central (via the Vaudalia and Cairo Short 
Lines). 

Jacksonville Southeastern. 

Louisville^ Nashville. 

Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis ("Air Line"). 

Mlssouri, Kansas & Texas. 

Missouri Pacific 

Mobile & Ohio. 

Ohio & Missis.sippi. 

St. Louis & Hannibal. 

St. Louis & San Francisco (" 'Frisco Line"). 

St. Louis, Alton & TerrE Haute ("Cairo Short 
Line"). 

St. Louis, Chicago & St. Paul ("Bluff Line"). 

St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern ("Iron 
Mountain"). 

St. Louis, Kansas City & Colorado. 

St. L9UIS, Keokuk & Northwestern ("Burlington 
Route"). 

St. Louis Southwestern ("Cotton Belt"). 

St. Louis, Vandalia & TerrE Haute ("Vandalia 
Line"). 

Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City ("Clover Leaf "). 

Wabash. 

These are exchisive of the transfer lines con- 
necting St. Louis with the Relay depot on the 
other side of the Kads bridge. These are: 

The Terminal Railroad Association. 

The St. Louis Merchants' Bridge Terminal. 

The Wiggin's Ferry Company (and associated lines). 

The Madison County Ferry. 

Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis R. R. Ferry. 

Carondelet Ferry. 

In discussing in detail the 
various railroad connections 
of St. Louis, they will be 
dealt with in their alpha- 
betical order, as above; it being left to the 
reader to discriminate between the importance 



THE 

A TCHISON- 'FRISCO 

SYSTEM. 



of the various systems, and to decide which 
wotild be first discussed, were the classification by 
order of merit. The first on the list is the 
Atchison, Topeka & Santc Fe, which, by the 
absorption of the St. Louis & San Francisco 
road, some three years ago, obtained a direct 
entrance to the city, and made St. Louis one of 
the terminal points of the great system which 
controls over 9,000 miles of railroad, extending 
to California on the west, Texas and Old Mex- 
ico on the south, and the lakes on the north. 
The amalgamation of the two systems ga\e 
St. Louis another route to the Pacific Coast and 
also to Old Mexico, and, in addition to that, it 
greatly increased the railroad facilities between St. 
Louis and Oklahoma. By means of the 'Frisco 
branch to Sapulpa, St. Louis has railroad facil- 
ities without change of cars, to the northeast 
corner of Oklahoma, while the 'Frisco Southern 
Kansas line, with the Atchison connection at 
Arkansas City, affords a direct communication 
with Guthrie and Oklahoma, the two largest 
cities in the exceptionally prosperous and thriving 
Territory, concerning whose marvelous growth 
figures have been already quoted. The 'Frisco 
mileage alone covers 1,500 miles, mainly through 
the States of Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Texas 
and the Indian Territory. It affords rapid and 
convenient connection between St. Louis and 
all parts of central and Southwestern Missouri, 
and it also sends out from St. Louis daily 
through sleeping cars to the City of Mexico and 
to California. The quantity of freight shipped 
into St. Louis by the 'Frisco was 551,000 tons 
in 1892, as compared with 486,000 in 1.S91 and 
437,000 in 1890. During the same three years 
the shipments from St. Louis increased from 
317,000 tons to 409,000 tons. The immen.se 
quantity of raw material, lead and zinc, oil and 
similar products, accounts for the fact that in 
four years the shipments into St. Louis in- 
creased fully sixty per cent. 

The Chicago & Alton 
Railroad is a line very pop- 
ular locally. It has only 850 
miles of track, but e\ery mile is a good one, 
and the connections with Chicago and Kansas 



THE CHICAGO AND 
ALTON. 



RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 



r-n 



THE "BURLINGTON 
ROUTE." 



City are a source of great profit to St. L,ouis 
commerce, as the territory tliroui;h which the 
road passes is rich in the extreme and an ever- 
increasing source of trade. During the last two 
or three years it has made vast improvements in 
its train service, and the admirable condition in 
which its ballasted track is kept is a source of 
general pride to all connected with the road. It 
haids in immense quantities of coal and of grain, 
stock and fruit products, and it also affords ad- 
mirable connection with Wisconsin and Michi- 
gan and several Eastern States. A great 
portion of its road has been double-tracked 
recently, and the road is in a condition of great 
prosperity. In 1892 it hauled into the city 
12i;, ()()() tons of freight, as compared with 102,000 
tons four years ago. During the same year, 
lS!t2, it distributed 103,000 tons of St. Louis 
merchandise, as compared with HI, 000 tons in 
l.SSi). 

The " Burlington," or 
the " Q," is becoming- 
more and more a St. Louis 
road. Its management has of late years been 
thoroughly impressed with the importance of 
St. Louis as a shipping point, and the invest- 
ments that have been made with a view to 
increasing connections with the city have run 
into the millions. This route by its own 
rails affords connection with the best parts 
of Illinois and ^lissouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Ne- 
braska, Kansas, South Dakota, Wyoming and 
Colorado. In addition to this, it reaches b)- 
track of its own nearly every important busi- 
ness center between St. Louis and the Rocky 
mountains and Lake Michigan. Including the 
wSt. Li mis, Keokuk & Western, the quantit)' 
of freight hauled into the city in l'S;i2 was 
nearly 1,000,000 tons. In its shipments out of 
St.Louis the total tonnage reached TOtl.OOO, an 
increase from 43"), 000 four )ears ago, showing 
how immensely the distributing business has in- 
creased. The management of this road has 
chafed for years under what it considered its in- 
adequate terminal facilities at St. Louis. Its 
East St. Louis freight terminal was extensive, 
but not sufficient to answer its purpose, and at 



a heavy outlay a site was secured on this side 
of the river for a freight house. It has erected 
and is now operating on this property one of the 
most convenient freight houses in the world. 
This has a frontage on Franklin avenue of 140 
feet, and the brick building, which is four 
stories high, runs back 38 feet. The freight 
shed is 770 feet in length, and there is thus 
space, under cover, for five tracks, each capa- 
ble of accommodating twenty cars. In other 
words, a hundred cars of merchandise can be 
handled under cover; a most important condition 
in bad weather, especially with perishable 
freight. Adjoining, there is accommodation for 
about 150 cars on team tracks. This road is 
also connecting itself with St. Louis by means 
of a road on this side of the river running 
north, crossing the Missouri ri\er at Alton over 
bridges, to which reference will be made later. 
When this new track is opened an immense 
volume of business will be diverted to and 
through St. Louis, and the present freight re- 
turns will soon be made to look insignificant. 

The Cleveland, Cincinnati & 

Chicago Railway, known both 
"BIG FOUR." „ un-i V^ > ,, , .i 

as the " 1 liree C. s and the 

"Big Four," crosses the States of Illinois, In- 
diana and Ohio. The "Big Four" system 
has recently acquired control of the Cincin- 
nati, Sandusky & Cleveland R. R., Cincinnati, 
Wabash & Michigan Ry. and Whitewater 
R. R. The consolidatiiin of the numerous 
independent lines of which this system is 
now composed has been a matter of much 
benefit to St. Louis, resulting as it has in 
large improvements in transporting facilities. 
The effect has been shown in the traffic re- 
turns. The road is now hauling into the city 
more than half a million tons of merchandise 
every year, and distributing St. Louis products 
weighing upwards of 300,000 tons per annum. 
It hauls into the city every year about 5,000,- 
000 bushels of coal, and in many other 
ways contributes towards the city's prosperity 
and growth. 

The Jacksonville Southeastern Railroad (the 
"J. S. E.") is a smaller line, which, however, 



58 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



THE LOUISVILLE 

AND 

NASHVILLE. 



is quite important to the city. Its career has not 
been an entirely fortunate one, and during the 
current year a receiver was appointed to protect 
certain interests. This was not in consequence 
of any lack of patronage, as its freight ship- 
ments increased over 100,000 tons in 1892. The 
road is entitled to the thanks of the city for the 
early enterprise it displayed in establishing ter- 
minals on this side of the river, and in the early 
future the road will acquire a prosperity to 
which it is at present a stranger. 

The Louisville S: Nash- 
ville Railroad is of far 
greater importance than its 
name would indicate. It 
connects St. Louis with the Soirthern and South- 
eastern sections, and it operates considerably 
more than three thousand miles of track in the 
very best regions of the New South. In addition 
to very valuable connections in Illinois and 
Indiana, the L. & N. connects with all the 
leading centers of Kentucky, Tennessee and 
Alabama, and also runs into the States of Flor- 
ida, ^Mississippi, Louisiana and Virginia. In 
addition to its St. Louis terminus it has termini 
at Memphis, Mobile, Pensacola, New Orleans 
and other points; and among the commercial 
centers of the South through which it nms are 
Nashville and Birmingham. From St. Louis 
the L. & N. runs through the exceptionally fer- 
tile region of Soxithern Illinois and Indiana, 
crossing the Ohio river at Henderson, Ken- 
tucky, the Cumberland river at Clarksville, and 
reaching the Mississippi again at Memphis. At 
Nashville the main line from St. Louis connects 
with the Louisville and Cincinnati line and runs 
on to Binniugham, Montgomen,', Mobile, New 
Orleans aud Pensacola. The new work of the 
L- & N., in the way of railroad building, has 
been mainly in Southwest Kentucky, Tennessee 
and Virginia during the last few years. The 
road is a most valuable one for the exportation 
of St. Louis products to the Spanish- American 
countries, and it is a great favorite with export- 
ers. Last year it shipped from St. Louis nearly 
2(59,000 tons of freight as compared with 207,000 
tons the preceding year, and it also brought 



into the city 5.56,000 tons, an increase of nearly 
200,000 tons in two years. It is also interest- 
ing to note that it hauled into the city about 
7,000,000 bushels of coal in 1892 as compared 
with about 4,000,000 in 1890. The L. & N. is 
another of the roads which has appreciated the 
necessity of terminal facilities on the west side 
of the jNIississippi river. Having acquired a 
block of property bounded by Broadwaj', Cass 
avenue, Dickson and Collins streets, itproceeded, 
toward the end of the year 1891, to construct a 
two-story freight house measuring 5(58x50 feet. 
The first floor has forty-two doors available for 
the receipt and deliver}' of team freight, and 
the adjoining team tracks afford everj' facility 
for business. The second storj' runs the entire 
length of the structure and is designed for the 
warehousing of freight. 

The "Air Line," as the 
Louisville, Evausville & 



THE "AIR LINE " AND 
THE M. K. & T. 



St. Louis Consolidated 
Railway Company is generally called, connects 
St. Louis with Louisville, nmniug through a 
very important and prosperous section of South- 
ern Illinois and Indiana. It has hauled into 
St. Louis an immense quantity of merchandise 
and raw material, the tonnage having grown 
from 2(50,000 in 1889 to 4(5(5,000 in 1892. It 
has done less work in way of distribution of 
manufactured product. In 1889 it distributed 
less than 10,000 tons of St. Louis-manufactured 
goods. Since then the export business has in- 
creased ten-fold, but it has not yet acquired 
verv large proportions. During 1892 it hauled 
into the city nearly 10,000,000 bushels of coal. 
The ^lissouri, Kansas & Texas Railway is of 
greater interest to St. Louis on account of fut- 
ure prospects than actual developments. Within 
a comparatively short space of time the track 
connecting this system to St. Louis will be com- 
pleted, bringing the enonnous mileage of this 
system more directly within reach of the city's 
manufactures aud staples. The principal offices 
of the company are already situated in St. Louis, 
a recognition of the fact that the States of Mis- 
souri, Kansas and Texas, from which the road 
takes its name, and from which it runs, are dis- 



RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 



59 



tiiictly St. Louis territory. The greatest mile- 
age of this road is in Texas, where it exceeds 
800 miles. It has also 375 miles in Kansas, 300 
miles in Missouri, and 2-40 miles in the Indian 
Territory. The completion of the track to St. 
Lotiis with independent terminals will make 
this the terminal city of a road which cannot 
fail in the early future to play an immense part 
in the destinies of St. Louis commerce. 
IHE BALTIMORE '^^'^ Baltimore & Ohio Rail- 

A ^,r. ^^.^ road, which includes the Ohio 

i4A'i> Unlu. 

& Mississippi, has become 

more distinctly a St. Louis road during the pres- 
ent year by the removal here of the offices of 
the company which were formerly situated at 
Cincinnati. In November, 1893, the offices were 
finally removed to the Rialto building, where 
the general passenger and general freight agents 
and managers took up their headquarters. The 
change was another admission on the part of 
experts of the standing of St. Louis as a railroad 
center, and the influence will be great on the 
policy of the road. The Baltimore & Ohio 
Southwestern Railroad by its absorption of the 
Ohio & IMississippi has a mileage of 930 miles, 
extending from St. Louis to Parkersburgh, West 
Virginia. The old Ohio & Mississippi proper 
extends from St. Louis to Cincinnati, a distance 
of 340 miles, with several branches which con- 
nect the city with various Illinois, Indiana 
and Kentucky points. The consolidation gives 
St. Louis another direct route to the Atlantic 
sea-board, and will result at an early date'in 
greatly increased railroad facilities between this 
city and New York. It is too early to estimate 
what the influence will be on the shipping re- 
turns. The Ohio & Mississippi hauled in nearl\- 
700,000 tons of freight in 1X92, including 
12, i;s(), ()()() bushels of coal. It took from the 
city nearly 170, OIK) tons of merchandise as com- 
pared with i;')0,000 tons in 1.S90. 

_„^ It cannot be said too fre- 

THE 

quently that the historv of 

MISSOURI PACIFIC 7, ^/. ■ ,, -r r.' •, 

the Missouri Pacihc Rail- 

way IS the history of the 
development of modern St. Louis. This chap- 
ter, dealing as it does with the present rather 



than with the past, is not the place to trace that 
history in all its details. We have seen how 
Mayor Darby lent impetus and weight to the 
railroad agitation nearly sixty years ago, and 
how j\Ir. Thomas Allen in 1849 drew an imagi- 
nary picture of the road then contemplated, which 
he believed would pay as a line connecting St. 
Louis and Jefferson City. In June, 1853, the 
first section of the railroad, extending to Frank- 
lin, was opened, and in 1855 Jefferson City was 
reached. 

How insignificant do these little details 
seem compared with the events of to-day, when 
the Missouri Pacific and its connections inter- 
sect the best sections of the St. Louis territory! 
The Iron Mountain road was chartered some- 
what later, and in 1858 the road was opened as 
far as Pilot Knob. In lcS72 the road reached 
the Arkansas boundary, and since then its ex- 
tensions have been numerous. A glance at the 
map now shows that the Missouri Pacific owned, 
leased and operated lines connect a greater por- 
tion of the State of Missouri with St. Louis, 
bring a still larger portion of Kansas in touch with 
the city, and also provide excellent facilities for 
Nebraska, Colorado, Arkansas, Louisiana and 
other States. St. Louis is the great terminus of 
this mighty system, and the work it does is 
best shown by the following figures, which have 
been extracted from the annual reports of recent 
years: 

In 1885 the roads in this system hauled into 
St. Louis about l,;iO0,000 tons out of a total of 
7,497,093 tons by all roads. In 1889 it brought 
in rather more than 1,800,000 tons ; in 1892 the 
total tonnage by the Missouri Pacific system ex- 
ceeded 2,250,000 tons, or more than twenty per 
cent of the entire receipts from all sources. Last 
year again it distributed no less than 1,2()(),000 
tons of St. Louis merchandise throughout the 
St. Louis territory, this being again about 
twenty per cent of the total. With these figures 
before him the reader will not think Trafirc 
Commissioner Osgood's eulogy of this road over- 
drawn. "This great system," he said, in his 
annual report for the year 1^91, " yearly be- 
comes more and more a factor in the commercial 



60 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



progress of this city. It has ever been among 
the first to extend its lines into new territory, 
thus constantly opening up to the commerce of 
St. lyouis, the pivotal point of the entire system, 
and, therefore, the point with which its vast 
interests are chiefly identified, new fields of agri- 
culture, mining, timber and stock-raising, bring- 
ing the rich products of the entire West and 
Southwest directly under contribution to her 
trade. The significance of the situation can be 
in a measure appreciated when it is stated that 
its lines traverse 5,300 miles of productive ter- 
ritory. It will be better understood when it is 
seen that by its rails St. Louis is given direct 
connection with the commercial centers and rich 
farms of Missouri; the broad corn and wheat 
fields and prosperous communities of Kansas; 
the fertile river valleys and trade centers of the 
richest districts of Nebraska; the mineral regions 
and chief cities of Colorado; the agricultural, 
fruit, mineral and timber lands of Arkansas; 
the rapidly increasing populations of the pro- 
ductive Indian Territory ( which at no far dis- 
tant day is to become equal in prosperity with 
any of the States on its borders ) ; the sugar plan- 
tations of Louisiana, and the cotton and grain 
fields and vast cattle ranges of Texas. Through 
its connections it reaches to every other principal 
part of the West and Southwest, including the Pa- 
cific slope and Mexico. Its through passenger 
service to all these districtsisadjustedwithspecial 
reference to the requirements of the St. Louis 
traveler; and as this is the gateway to the entire 
system, St. Louis becomes the point upon which 
the travel from the East destined to these districts 
naturally converges. During the year 18Jtl 
over 200 miles of new road were constructed and 
added to the system, perhaps the most impor- 
tant portion being the Houston, Central Ar- 
kansas and Northern line, which will be in 
operation to Alexandria, Louisiana, its junction 
with the Texas and Pacific Railway, as soon as 
the magnificent bridge by means of which it 
will cross the Red river at that point is com- 
pleted. This will give St. Louis immediate di- 
rect connection with New Orleans and the Gulf. 
St. Louis is the headquarters for the official staff 



of the company, and is the point from which all 
its operations are directed." 

The Mobile & Ohio 
Railway is an important 



THREE VALUABLE 
SOUTHERN ROADS. 



trunk line connecting St. 
Louis with the South. It runs through the States 
of Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi and 
Alabama, having its southern terminus at the 
port of Mobile, 644 miles from St. Louis. Its 
trains haul into St. Louis immense quan- 
tities of cotton, lumber, vegetables and fruit, in 
addition to about 4,000,000 bushels of coal every 
year. It has freight headquarters in St. Louis, 
in a building erected and owned by it for the 
purpose. The very best sections of what is now 
called the New South are traversed by the Mo- 
bile & Ohio and its branches, and its influence 
on the commerce of the city is marked. It 
brings in nearly 700,000 tons of merchandise 
every year, and takes away immense quantities 
of manufactured goods. A very large percent- 
age of the Spanish- American trade is transacted 
over this road. From its southern terminus 
there are regular steamship lines to Tampa, Key 
West, Havana, Tampico, and other points, in 
addition to a steamship service to both New- 
York and European ports. 

The ' ' Cairo Short Line, ' ' or, more properly, the 
vSt. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railway, oper- 
ates nearly 2M miles of road through a territory 
which is tributary' to St. Louis in ever>' respect. 
It crosses the Southern Illinois coal fields, and 
hauls in 12,000,000 or 13,000,000 bushels oi 
coal every }ear. It connects with the Illinois 
Central, and gives a direct route between St. 
Louis and Memphis and the most important 
points in the Southern Mississippi Valley. Dur- 
ing the last two or three years it has inaugu- 
rated a number of improvements, which have 
shortened the distance between St. Louis and a 
large number of important points. The com- 
pany also operates a line between St. Louis and 
Paducah, Kentucky, connecting with diverging 
lines, also with boats on the Ohio, Tennessee 
and Cumberland rivers. The recent completion 
of the Paducah, Tennessee & Alabama R. R., 
built by St. Louis capitalists, from Paducah tc 



RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 



61 



Hollow Rock, Tennessee, has opened up a new 
territory to this market, and through a connec- 
tion with the N., C. & St. L. Ry. at Hollow 
Rock, Tennessee, has formed a new short route 
to the Southeast. The policy of the manage- 
ment of this line is liberal, and it has at all times 
been found to be alive to the interests of the 
trade and commerce of St. Louis. The head- 
quarters of the company are located here, and 
the local facilities have been largely improved 
by the erection of a new freight warehouse, and 
otherwise. 

The St. Louis Southwestern Railway, for- 
merly known as the St. Louis, Arkansas & 
Texas, but almost invariably described as the 
"Cotton Belt," is a St. Louis line, with its 
headquarters in this city, where its principal 
officers reside. The 1,200 miles of its track are 
of immense value to St. Louis, for they bring 
within easy access of the city a large number 
of important towns and a vast area of territory 
tributary in every respect to St. Louis. The 
mileage of the main system is 580 in IMissouri 
and Arkansas, 40 in Louisiana, and fUO in 
Texas. But by the number of its important 
connections its importance to St. Louis is largely 
enhanced. Its own rails reach a group of the 
most popular and progressive cities of the South- 
west, viz.: Little Rock, Pine Bluff and Camden, 
Arkansas; Texarkana; Shreveport, Louisiana; 
Fort Worth, Waco, Tyler, Corsicana, Green- 
ville and Sherman, Texas. Lumber, cotton and 
live stock are the items of freight it contributes 
most largely to the St. Louis market, in ad- 
dition to all the other products of agricultural 
sections it traverses. 

The V and alia, or the 
Terre Haute & Indianapolis 
Railroad, is another of the 
very e.xtensive systems con- 
necting St. Louis with the eastern roads. Run- 
ning between St. Louis and Indianapolis, it there 
connects with the great Pennsylvania system. 
It has also connections between St. Joseph, 
Michigan, and Terre Haute, Indiana, and thus 
becomes valuable to St. Louis commerce in a 
variety of ways. This road also handles 



TO THE A TLASTIC 

ASD 

THE LAKES. 



St. Louis freight destined for the Erie system, 
and its business has become so great of late years 
that during 18tll and 1892 it found it necessary 
to build and open a large freight depot on this 
side of the river between O' Fallon street and 
Cass avenue. The Vandalia hauls into St. Louis 
every year 11,000,000 or 12,000,000 bushels of 
coal, and its general freight business is also 
very large. 

The Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Rail- 
way, known as the "Clover Leaf," forms an 
important factor in the St. Louis railroad s\s- 
tem. It runs a distance of 4.50 miles to Toledo, 
Ohio, also operating over 250 miles of water lines 
between Toledo and Buffalo. This road con- 
nects St. Louis directly with Buffalo, Toledo, 
Belfast, Decatur, Marian, Kokomo, Frankfort, 
and many other important towns, besides pass- 
ing through a very large area in which com- 
merce and manufacture are both well repre- 
sented. Since the gauge of this road has been 
changed from narrow to standard, its impor- 
tance has largely increased, and it has improved 
its St. Louis connection by constructing a very 
useful freight depot on the west side of the ri\er 
between Broadway and Second street, at the 
intersection of Brooklyn. A great increase in 
business has resulted from this enterprise, and 
the popularity' of the road in St. Louis is very 
great. 

The last of the St. Louis 



THE WABASH 



roads which will be mer 



tioned specifically is the 
Wabash, which connects St. Louis with twenty- 
one cities, each of a population more than 
10,000, and a total population of 2,-500,000. 
The Wabash Eastern and the Wabash Western, 
which are now combined under one manage- 
ment, have 731 miles in Illinois, 500 in Mis- 
souri, nearly 400 in Indiana, 125 in Iowa, 105 
in Ohio, and 80 in Michigan, figures which 
show very plainly the immense value of the 
system to St. Louis. Every day it starts through 
sleeping cars from the Mississippi to the princi- 
pal cities on the Atlantic sea-board and Canada; 
to the princijjal cities on the shores of the 
northern lakes; to Chicago, St. Paul, Minne- 



62 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



apolis, Des Moines, and Denver, to say nothing 
of the hundreds of intervening points. Tlie 
through freight ser\ice is unique in its com- 
pleteness; so much so that its cars bring into 
the city every year nearly 1,000,000 tons of 
freight, distributing more than 500,000 tons 
of merchandise. It brings from the Illi- 
nois coal fields over 7,000,000 bushels of coal 
yearly, and the returns from all sources are con- 
tinually increasing. This is strictly a St. Louis 
road, with headquarters in the city. It has 
within the last two or three )-ears greatly in- 
creased its freight terminal facilities on this side 
of the river. The old switching yard on North 
Market street has been changed into a large 
loading and unloading j'ard, and an outside yard, 
with a capacity of a thousand cars, has been 
established just east of Bellefontaine cemetery. 
This road has excellent terminal facilities and 
entrances to the city, and thus is able to haul 
unlimited quantities of merchandise without 
difficulty. 

One of the most signifi- 
TtiE EADS BRIDGE ., . , 

cant tributes paid to Aew 
AND TERMINALS. c^ t ■ • .- i 

bt. L,ouis since it emerged 

from comparative dullness, has been in the in- 
creased terminal facilities provided by the rail- 
roads centering in the city and by the large 
increase in the number of roads having freight 
depots on this side of the river. As far as possible 
controversial subjects are avoided in this work, 
Ijut it is impossible to o\-erlook the fact that the 
bridge and terminal monopoly w'hich prevailed 
for ten or fifteen years was prejudicial to the 
city's commercial growth. It seems xmgener- 
ous to state this in plain -words and without an 
explanation, for it is obvious that, although this 
monopoly retarded progress and enterprise, the 
facilities provided by the Eads bridge have been 
worth, and are still worth, countless millions to 
the city. This bridge is one of the great things 
familiarity with which has bred, if not contempt, 
at least neglect of appreciation. Its construc- 
tion was a work of enterprise of the most 
noble character, and the bridge itself is one of 
the finest in the world. The bridge was built 
on solid rock, and it is an invulnerable fortress. 



capable of bearing almost any weight and with- 
standing the force of any flood. It consists of 
three graceful arches of steel, each 520 feet in 
length. Huge piles of masonry rest on solid 
rock, and the piers are between i'l and 127 feet 
below high-water mark. The masonry in this 
bridge measured 69,000 cubic yards; the iron 
used weighed 6,300,000 pounds, and the steel 
arches came within two-thirds of that weight. 
The bridge is two-stories high, the first story 
being used by railroads, and the upper story 
forming a splendid highway for vehicles between 
St. Louis and East St. Louis, and the States of 
Missouri and Illinois. Something not contem- 
plated by the designers has lately been added, 
and an electric road now affords additional facil- 
ities of communication between St. Louis and 
its thriving suburb on the east side of the river. 
The bridge is 2,225 feet long between its abut- 
ments, and its clearance above the St. Louis 
directrix is 55 feet. It took seven years to con- 
struct and was finally finished in 1874. In the 
same year the tunnel was constructed connect- 
ing the eastern approach at the foot of Wash- 
ington avenue with the Mill Creek Valley, and 
a union passenger depot was established. 

We have said that much as the management 
of this bridge has been criticised from time to 
time, the value of the bridge to the city's com- 
merce has been enormous. The unfortunate feat- 
ure was the terminating of the roads from the 
East on the east side of the river. Freight from 
the East was billed for years to East St. Louis and 
brought o\er the river by the company owning 
the bridge and terminal facilities. In addition 
to the sentimental objection to a city of the 
first class being ignored in bills of lading and 
receiving from the East second-hand through a 
comparatively small city, the commerce of the 
city was handicapped by the additional charges, 
and as New St. Louis gained strength and form 
the clamor for additional bridge facilities to de- 
stroy the monopoly became very strong. In 
1886 the Merchants' Exchange, which had been 
giving the matter attention for years, brought 
the agitation to a focus, and a committee was 
formed, consisting of Messrs. S. W. Cobb, C. C. 



RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 



63 



Rainwater, John R. Holmes, John Whittaker, 
I). R. Francis, John D. Perry and John M. Gil- 
keson. Tliis committee succeeded in obtaining 
a charter from Cono;ress, which was approved 
by President Clevekxnd in February, 1S.S7. In 
June of the same year the necessary franchise 
for terminals was obtained from the city of 
St. lyouis, and general rejoicing at the certainty 
of early emancipation from the difficulties com- 
plained of were the result. On April 24, 1886, 
Messrs. S. W. Cobb, John R. Holmes, John M. 
Gilkeson and C. C. Rainwater filed the neces- 
sary application with the Secretary of State for 
the incorporation of St. Louis Merchants' Bridge 
Company, and on April 2Hth the company's 
subscription books were opened. 

The act of Congress al- 



TtiE SECOND BRIDGE 
ACROSS 



THE MISSISSIPPI. 



ready referred to author- 
ized the construction of 
the bridge provided that 
no bridge should be constructed across the j\Iis- 
sissippi river within two miles above or below 
the Eads bridge, and as the result of this restric- 
tion, which in many ways has proved advan- 
tageous to the city, the new bridge was planned 
in the northern manufacturing section. A bridge 
without terminals would be of little value, and 
hence the application to the municipal author- 
ities for franchise for terminal tracks; the rights 
were freely given, and have since been extended, 
with a result that the company has been able to 
complete the system of very admirable termi- 
nals. The St. Louis Merchants' Bridge Termi- 
nal Railway Company was formally established 
in August, 1887. The length of the railroad 
was specified in the charter as fourteen miles, 
and the life of the corporation was fixed at fifty 
years. Work was commenced on the bridge 
early in ISSi), and was completed the same 
year, the liridge being opened for traffic in ISIK). 
It is a handsome light structure of immense 
strength. The piers rest on hard limestone 
rock which was leveled for the purpose and thor- 
oughly cleaned of all new shale, clay and sand. 
The caissons were solidly packed with concrete, 
and limestone from Bedford, Indiana, was used 
to within three feet of the low- water line; above 



this level to the high-water line Missouri granite 
is used, and above this, Bedford limestone. The 
dimension stone was laid in Portland cement 
mortar, and the backing in Louisville cement. 
In order to make a less abrupt break in the grade 
between the level grade of the bridge and that 
of the approaches, the two river piers were 
raised so that the clear height in the center of 
the central span is fifty-two feet above high 
water, instead of fifty feet as required by the act 
of Congress, and the height at the end of the 
shore spans is about four inches less. This gives 
a much better bridge from a navigation stand- 
point than the law contemplated. 

On the west end of the bridge the apjaroach 
crosses Ferry street twice. The crossing near- 
est the bridge is made by a viaduct resting on 
cylinder piers; the crossing furthest from the 
bridge is a deck span 125 feet long resting on 
masonry piers. There is one other street over- 
head crossing which is made by masonry abut- 
ments and steel girders. The intermediate 
space between the structures are either solid 
earthwork or a substantial timber trestle. On 
the east end of the bridge, between the 425-foot 
length of permanent structure and the over- 
head crossing at the Chicago & Alton, Bee Line 
and Wabash railroads, and east of this last 
named structure to the earth embankment, the 
intermediate spaces are filled with a wooden 
trestle. The bridge at the crossing of these 
three railroads is made by two masonry abut- 
ments on which rest a 175-foot span and a 
4()-foot steel girder. The entire bridge and ap- 
proaches is built for double track. The style of 
the three spans of the main bridge is a double 
intersection pin-connected truss with horizontal 
bottom-chord and a curved top-chord. The 
entire structure is of steel, except pedestals and 
ornamental parts, which are of cast-iron, and 
nuts, swivels and clevises, which are of wrought 
iron. The steel was required to stand an ulti- 
mate tensile strain in the sample bar from 
(j;-},000 to 7(),n()() pounds per square inch, with 
an elastic limit of not less than 38,000 pounds. 
Finished bars, selected by the engineer, were 
subjected to a breaking test, the requirement 



64 



OLD AMD NEW ST. LOUIS. 



being an elongation of ten per cent before break- 
ing. Tiie structures are so proportioned that 
under ail possible conditions tlie material cannot 
be subjected to injurious strain. 

THE MERCHANTS' ^' ^''^ "f ^^ ^''^^■'''•'^^ 

approach there are three 
BRIDGE TERMINALS. ^. .. 

connecting lines, one to 

the north, connecting with the three railroads 
above mentioned; and one to the east, on the 
line of the east approach extended, connecting 
with the Toledo, vSt. Louis & Kansas City Rail- 
road; one to the south, connecting with the 
Venice ik. Caroudelet Belt Railway and the 
East St. Louis & Caroudelet Railway, through 
which belt railroads connection is made with 
the Vandalia, the Ohio & Mississippi, Louis- 
ville & Nashville, and all other roads which 
reach St. Louis. 

The west approach connects with the Wabash 
Railroad, and also with the lines of the St. Louis 
Transfer Company. The system also has a con- 
nection with the Chicago & Burlington Rail- 
road on both sides of the river, and is connected 
with the St. Louis & San Francisco and other 
railroads. By franchises more recently ob- 
tained, it has acquired the right to construct a 
belt line circling the city, and crossing every 
road entering it from the west. A great deal of 
work has already been done on this road, and 
the iniprovemcnt in shipping facilities is 
marked. The Merchants' bridge is connected 
with the Mill Creek Valley tracks and the 
Union (le]j<)l by means of an elevated structure 
along the river front and across the intervening 
city blocks. By means of this connection, it is 
probable that in the early future an overhead 
route will be established between the river and 
the Union depot for all passenger trains. This 
probability has been increased during the last 
year by the establishment of a modus vivcndi 
between the two bridge and terminal companies. 
While the Merchants' Bridge and Terminal 
Company was increasing the city's terminal 
facilities, the older corporation also showed 
great enterprise, immensely increasing the mile- 
age of its tracks and the extent of its accommo- 
dations. During the year 1893 it was found 



that unnecessary expense was being incurred 
in duplicate systems of terminals, and an agree- 
ment was arrived at whereby the competition 
between the two systems was terminated. It 
must be left to future historians to decide whether 
this step was an unmi.xed blessing to the city 
or not. It is an event of too recent occurrence 
to be dispassionately considered at this time of 
writing. Opponents of the amalgamation con- 
demn it as the re-establishment of a monopoly 
which it took seven or eight years of work to 
overcome, and to this feeling may be attributed 
a revival in the fall and winter of 1893 of the 
project to construct a third bridge across the 
Mississippi at St. Louis. A charter was ol;- 
taiiied for a bridge in Caroudelet several years 
ago, and soundings which have been made 
within the last few weeks indicate that the pro- 
ject has not been entirely abandoned. 

The amalgamation or absorption, whichever 
may be the correct legal term, is defended by the 
parties most interested and also by a large sec- 
tion of the business community, on the ground 
that the combined system of terminals with two 
l)ri(lges, will afford facilities for the rapid hand- 
ling of merchandise unequaled in the past. The 
influence of the Merchants' bridge, and of the 
agitation against the billing of freight to East 
St. Louis from the East, has been seen in the 
immense number of freight depots on this side 
of the river, which have been constructed during 
the last three years. These depots will continue 
to play an important part in the railroad busi- 
ness of the city, in spite of the removal of com- 
petition between the two bridges. It takes 
more than a few months to change customs in 
force for years, and the freight depots on the 
west side are only just beginning to be appre- 
ciated at their full worth. AiKjther argument, 
strongly in favor of the amalgamation which 
has just been effected, has relation to passenger 
traffic. The immense number of passenger 
trains between St. Louis and eastern points has 
caused the capacity of the tunnel to be over- 
taxed, and for other reasons an overhead route 
to the new Union depot would l)e hailed with 
general satisfaction. According to the theories 



RAILROAD AND KIMIR lACIIJTII-.S. 



65 



TWO NEW BRinUES 
IN 189-t. 



of well-iiifornied railroad men, a hxxy^c projjor- 
tion of the passenger traffic would be diverted 
to the Merchants' bridge and would proceed 
from its western approach, either by means of 
the ele\-ated raihuad already referred to, or by 
the belt road, which would take the trains in a 
westerly direction, and bring them into the 
Union depot from the west. This latter route 
would necessarily increase the distance some- 
what, but it would take passengers through the 
residence portions of the city, and nu\ke little 
difference in the time occupied by the journey. 
The railroad and bridge 
facilitii'S of the city will 
be largely strengthened by 
111 new bridges in course of construction across 
the Mississippi and Missouri rivers a few miles 
north of St. Louis. One of these is known as 
the Bellefontaine bridge, and crosses the Mis- 
souri river three and a half miles from the Mis- 
sissippi. The bridge, which is rapidly aj)- 
proaching completion, is a splendid struclure, 
about I,7.S() feet in length. It is supported by 
five piers, and will be a l)ridge of exceptional 
strength. The other bridge is at Alton, over 
the I\Iississi])pi ri\er. It is also being rajjidly 
pushed forward to completion, and will be used 
as a means of securing a northern inlet to the 
city for the ' ' Burlington ' ' and other roads. The 
influence of these bridges on the railroad sys- 
tem of the city and its eastern and northern 
connections will be enormous, and already it 
is being felt in a variety of ways. At Alton, 
they have enlivened the real estate market and 
encouraged the hning out of additions. That 
there will be many more is a certain fact. The 
"Burlington" is famous for fostering its su- 
burban traffic and, out of Chicago especially, 
gives particular attention to it. The jilan of 
building u]) such business is to be adhered to 
here, and it is easy to jirophesy that within two 
or three years we shall see the entire line of the 
road between St. Louis and Alton built up with 
lovely suburban homes. Many have already 
taken advantage of the prospect in view and 
bought large tracts of land with the ultimate 
purpose of making suburban tracts of them, 



while some others have built upon the wayside, 
hoping to reap their reward after many years. 
It has been announced that the "Big Four," the 
Chicago & Alton and the " I'lurlington. " sys- 
tems will use the Alton and Bcllefontaine 
bridges. There are others also who have come 
into the fold since, and have contracted, or will 
contract, to use them. Besides the RL K. & E. 
and the M. K. & T. systems, together with the 
St. Louis, Keokuk &. Northwestern on the south, 
there is also the vSt. Louis & San iManeiseo to 
use it for east and west-bound freights, and it is 
surmised that another one will before long make 
a contract with the owners of the two bridges, 
b'rom the north and east, in addition to those 
already named, there are the Jacksonville South- 
eastern, wdiich will ])robably come into Alton 
direct by the "Bluff Line;" the "Santa Fe," 
which will come by the same route; possibly the 
Illinois Central also, via the "Bluff Line;" 
while the Wabash will build to the Belt Line, 
via Kdwardsville crossing, and connect with 
the bridges; and it is quite likely that the Penn- 
sylvania will build from Highland or Green- 
ville, which lie directly east of Alton, and use 
the bridges as the rest will. In any event, it is 
certain that they will have plenty of traffic and 
be a most important factor in the commerce of 
St. Louis, as well as of Alton. 

The two bridges, it is understood, are to be 
free, except a yearly rental charged roads not in- 
terested in the building of them, and rates may 
be made independent of the Kads, Merchants' or 
any other method of crossing the Mississipjii. 
.\t Lamothe Place there is to be an important 
transfer station with plenty of side-tracks, 
where the transfers of east and west-bound 
freight cars will be made and new trains 
be made up, as also at Kast Alton. All in 
all, the new bridges, when completed, will 
1)e the most im]K)rtant accessions to the business 
of vSt. Louis since the building of the Ivads and 
the Merchants' bridges. They will invoKe a 
saving of fifty miles and a week of transfer, 
opening up a new suburban territory and offer- 
ing many other advantages too numerous to 
mention here, but which will develop as time 



66 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



moves on and the bridges and their connections 
are bnilt and pnt into operation. 

The work of bnilding these bridges, as a total, 
far surpasses the entire labor of building the 
Eads bridge, and, with their connections and 
terminals, it forms one of the most majestic 
conceptions of modern times. Two bridges not 
more than four miles apart, the distance from 
Alton to St. Louis reduced to sixteen miles, 
many miles of railroad through what was con- 
sidered an impassable country-, subject as it is to 
annual overflows, all concentrating at one point 
for the general good and direct benefit of them- 
selves and St. Louis, is a result which five years 
ago was laughed at, and even sneered at, by 
many of the most well-informed people. 

It will thus be 
THE LARGEST PASSENOER .1 ^ ^i -, 

seen that the rail- 

^^^^^ road facilities of 

IN THE WORLD. g^ j^^^^j^ ^^^ ^^ 

the present time nu^onificent, and that in the 
innnediate future they will become even more 
distinctly superior to those of any other city. It 
is therefore strictly in order that New vSt. Louis 
should have a Union depot better and more 
gigantic than can be found elsewhere, and this 
it is to have. Simultaneously with the publish- 
ing of this work there will be opened the finest 
depot in the world, audits builders have decided 
to adopt the European and eastern appellation 
and call it the ' ' St. Louis Union Station. " Noth- 
ing but never-ceasing care has enabled the enor- 
mous passenger traffic for the last few years to be 
carried on at all, let alone safely and promptly, 
at the old Union depot on Twelfth street, and 
ten years ago a new depot was determined upon. 
In 1886 the movement took definite shape in the 
formation of the Union Depot Company by the 
Missouri Pacific, the Cleveland, Cincinnati & 
St. Louis, the Iron Mountain & Southern, the 
Louisville & Nashville, the Ohio & Mississippi 
and the Wabash. It was not designed that the 
promoting companies should use the new struct- 
ure and tracks exclusively, but upon them fell 
the responsibility of the great task. Jay Gould 
took a personal interest in the proposition, and 
many discussions as to the form to be adopted 



took place. The platforms of the old depot run 
east and west, and the through system is used; 
the platforms of the new station run north and 
south, and it is designed on the terminal and 
" pocket " plan. The step was not taken with- 
out mature deliberation, and that the wiser 
counsels prevailed is generally admitted. Mr. 
William Taussig, the president of the company, 
and Mr. Theo. C. Link, the architect, will ever 
be spoken of with pride by St. Louisans for 
designing and giving to St. Louis ///e largest 
Union Railroad Station in. the world. 

There is no exaggeration in this expression. 
The St. Pancras Station in London is generally 
spoken of as an exceptionally large depot, but 
is less than half the size of the new station at 
St. Louis, which also covers more ground than 
the two magnificent depots of the Pennsylvania 
road at Jersey City and Philadelphia put to- 
gether. Ranked in order of area the seven 
great representative depots of the world are: 



New Union Station, St.Louis 
Union Depot, Frankfurt, 

Germany 

Reading Railroad Station, 

Philadelphia 

Pennsylvania Railroad Sta- 
tion, Philadelphia 
St. Pancras Station, London 
Pennsylvania R:.ilr..:.cl Sta- 





ll 

il 
i-r. 


606 by 700 feet 


424,200 


552 by 600 feet 


331,200 


360 by 800 feet 


288,000 


306 by 647 feet 
240 by 700 feet 


107,082 
168,000 


256 by 653 feet 


167,168 


200 by 750 feet 


150,000 



The depot and sheds together cover six city 
blocks, bounded on the north by Market 
street, on the south by the Mill Creek Valley 
tracks, on the east by Eighteenth street, and on 
the west by Twentieth street. The total area 
covered is equal to ten acres, and 200,000 men 
could stand under its roof at one time. No less 
than 12,000,000 pounds of steel, 2,aOO,000 feet 
of lumber, 5,000,000 bricks, 3,000,000 nails, 
lOO, ()()() cubic feet of stone, 200,000 roofing tik 
and 5tl,000 square yards of plastering have been 

*Iucluding sheds, buildings, &c., the area covered is 
really about twelve acres. 



RAILROAD AND RIVER FACILITIES. 



(57 



used in the work, and the total cost of the 
structure, iuchidiug the purchase of the site, 
exceeds $l,l)<><», ()()(). A detailed description of 
a building of this magnitude is well-nigh im- 
possible, but some of the most striking features 
must be recorded. At Eighteenth street there 
is an entrance-way and stair-case fifty feet wide, 
but the main entrances are on Market street, 
where carriages can drive in through a semi- 
circular drive-way to the approach to the grand 
stair-case. The basement of the depot is on a 
level with the tracks under the train-shed, and 
the first floor is a little above the Market street 
level. 

Passengers to the city cannot fail to be im- 
pressed with the grand waiting-rooms through 
which they will pass. The general waiting-room 
has a floor area of 10,000 square feet, and is of 
exceptional altitude. The decorations, both of 
the walls and the ceiling, are appropriate and 
costly, and in the center there is to be a Bureau of 
Information, at which questions of all character 
will be answered. The grand waiting-room, on 
the first floor above, has an area of 12,000 square 
feet, and is sixty feet high. The decorations of 
this room are magnificent, and no less than 3,000 
incandescent lights will be used for its illumina- 
tion. The ladies' parlors, which are now prac- 
tically completed, are also models of excellence; 
and the general offices, railroad, telegraphic and 
otherwise, are of the most perfect character. 
When the Municipal Assembly granted the 
necessary authority for closing the streets run- 
ning through the ten-acre tract now covered by 
the depot, it was stipulated that the main build- 
ing should cost not less than $800,000. The 
actual cost of this portion of the work has not 
been made public, but it is so far in excess of 
the minimum named in the franchise, that those 
who took the precaution to put in the figures 
feel now that their ideas of the work proposed 
were extremely conservative. 

The train-shed is 
more remarkable than 



PLAN OF THE 
UNION STATION SHED. 



the building itself. It 
is (lOi; feet wide, nearly TOO feet long, and l(ll» 
feet hiirh. The roof of the shed forms an arch 



of (JOO feet radius, the height varying from 
30 feet at the sides to the 100 feet already 
mentioned in the center. The roof is supported 
by forty-four outer cohnnns, forty-four interme- 
diate columns and twenty-four middle columns 
of great strength. The roof is almost entirely 
of glass, of which there are used altogether 
120,000 square feet in the work, all of St. L,ouis 
manufacture. An extension to the train-shed 
calls for 42,000 square feet of space, and will 
give the depot facilities for handling an unlim- 
ited amount of traffic expeditiously and safely. 
The number of tracks provided for in this shed 
is thirty-two, twice as many as are to be found 
in the Pennsylvania depot at Philadelphia, and 
nearly twice as many as in the large depot at 
Frankfurt, Germany. Between the tracks will 
be hardwood platforms, twel\-e feet in the clear. 
As already mentioned, the tracks run into the 
depot from south to north, and the platforms 
parallel the tracks, bounded at the southern 
end by fences and gates. Along the Eighteenth 
street side there is also a fift\--foot platform for 
the exclusive use of promenaders, who will not 
be allowed to go on the platforms. 

Seventy feet from the rear depot wall a bag- 
gage-room extends 300 feet southward. This 
will be the most complete quick-service room in 
the country, and will be so great an improve- 
ment over the accommodations hitherto enjoyed 
by the travelers through St. Louis that com- 
parison is out of question. One more feature 
of the depot must be mentioned, because of the 
ingenuity of which it gives evidence, and also 
of the immense advantages that will accrue. 
This has relation to the .system of tracks and 
their entrance to the sheds, which have been so 
arranged that no engine will come under the 
massive roof. In the good days to come, loco- 
motives will be equipped with smoke-consuming 
devices, but even then they will be objection- 
able under cover. Now, they give forth vol- 
umes of smoke and make a variety of unpleas- 
ant noises, and their room is far preferable to 
their company; and it is a splendid feature of 
the new depot that the air in the sheds will 
always be perfectly clear and pure. The thirty- 



68 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



two tracks will vary In length from 400 to 
1,200 feet, and they will converge into a bottle- 
shaped junction or throat at the south end. 
A train coming in from either direction will run 
past the shed; the engine will be re\ersed and 
the train backed in over the curved "Y" to 
its respective track. No switching will be 
required, as the trains will be made up and 
ready to resume their respective journeys in 
either direction vhen required. The switches 
will all be controlled by the lever-locking sys- 
tem, from a switch-tower of considerable height. 
There will be no possibility of collisions, and 
the service will be improved and expedited in 
the most pronounced manner. 

If the arrangement already described, whereby 
all passenger trains will enter the city via the 
Mill Creek Valley from the west, is carried out, 
the system will be still greater in its simplicity. 
At the first opening of the depot, however, the 
Wabash, Missouri Pacific, Iron Mountain, Keo- 
kuk, Colorado, and San Francisco trains, with 
others rising their tracks, will come in from the 
west under the Twenty-first street bridge, pass- 
ing the shed entrance and then backing in as 
described. The Wabash Eastern, Chicago «& 
Alton, " Burlington," " Cairo Short lyine," "Big 
Four," Illinois Central, Louisville & Nashville, 
Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis and Balti- 
more & Ohio trains will at first run up the Mill 
Creek Valley from the eastern approach, pass 
under the Eighteenth street bridge, and back 
into the shed and depot from the west. 

The official announcement has been made that 
the depot will be open for traffic next March 
(1894), and there seems every reason to believe 
that the promise will be carried out and that the 
magnificent depot will be in use before the sum- 
mer travel commences. 

The extraordinary' rail- 
road facilities of St. Louis 

Uh UUK , 

have, to a great extent, 
RIVER CONNECTIONS. \ . , .^ 

overshadowed its river 

facilities, and have caused sight to be lost of the 

fact that St. Louis is the chief port in 18,000 

miles of inland waterways. In years gone by 

the river was the making of St. Louis, and al- 



THB IMPORTANCE 



though the city's greatness is due more to the rail- 
roads than to the river, no treatise on the great- 
ness of St. Louis will ever be complete without 
a reference to the river and the enormous traffic 
that it has witnessed. " There is no warrant," 
to quote from the memorial presented by the 
Merchants' Exchange in 1892 to the Fifty- 
second Congress, in favor of the deepening of 
the ri\-er channel between St. Louis and the 
Criilf, " for the assertion that in this age of rail- 
roads rivers have lost their fascination and 
influence over the people, and that it is as easy 
to build up a great and populous city at a dis- 
tance from navigable water as upon its shore. 
The histor\' of settlements in this country, as 
well in the last forty years of railroad making, 
as in the one hundred and fifty that preceded it, 
attests the continued ascendency of navigable 
streams and lakes over the popular mind, and 
their great value in commercial, industrial and 
distributive economies. The same forces that 
located New York at the mouth of the Hudson, 
Philadelphia on the Delaware, Baltimore on the 
Patapsco, New Orleans and St. Louis on the 
Mississippi, Pittsburgh,Ciiicinnati and Louisville 
on the Ohio, and Chicago and Milwaukee on 
Lake Michigan, before railroads were thought 
of, have assisted to build up Minneapolis, vSt. 
Paul, LaCrosse, Winona, Dubuque, Davenport, 
Rock Island, IMuscatine, Keokuk, Hannilial, 
Quincy, Cairo, Memphis and Vicksburg on the 
Mississippi, Evansville, Owensboro and I'a- 
ducah on the Ohio, and Kansas City, Leaven- 
worth, St. Joseph, Omaha, Council Bluffs, Sioux 
City, Pierre and Bismarck on the Missouri; and 
it may be observed that in the settlement of the 
newer portions of the Mississipi^i Valley in the 
last half century, it has ever been the rule to 
found the leading cities and towns on rivers and 
lakes, if there were rivers or lakes within reach, 
unless special agencies dictated a different loca- 
tion. And it is a fact not without significance 
that the cities, founded on the waterside, which 
were leading cities as far back as 1830, have 
maintained their pre-eminence in the face of 
railway influences, and are leading cities in 
1892. Pittsburgh, at the head of the Ohio, con- 



RAILROAD A.VD RIVER FACILITIES. 



G9 



tinues to be the largest city in Western Pennsyl- 
vania; Cincinnati, on the Ohio, and Cleveland, 
on Lake Erie, are the largest cities in Ohio; 
Chicago is the chief city of Illinois, St. Louis 
and Kansas City of Missouri, Louisville of Ken- 
tucky, St. Paul and Minneapolis of Minnesota, 
Omaha of Nebraska, Memphis and Nashville of 
Tennessee, Little Rock of Arkansas, Vicksburg 
of Mississippi and New Orleans, Shreveport and 
Baton Rouge of Louisiana — and there are good 
reasons for believing that these cities, all located 
on the waterside, will continue to maintain their 
ascendency in their respective States for genera- 
tions to come." 

The actual population of the Mississippi river 
States alone is 1<S,;300,000, while the population 
of the Mississippi Valley States is over 2.S ,(i( 10, ()( )(). 
The region drained by the Mississippi and its 
tributaries embraces one-half the States in the 
Union and nearly one-half the population, and 
the immense value of the city's river location 
can easily be understood when this fact is taken 
into consideration. According to the census 
of 1.S90 upwards of 31, 000, OOO tons of freight 
were carried during the year 1SS9 on the 
Mississippi and its tributaries, the principal 
commodities and the tonnage of each being as 
follows: 



COJ1.M0DITIES. 


Tons. 


Coal 


10,632,109 


Forest Products 


10,531,189 


MerchaiuHse 


5,886.259 


Wheat 


1,068,504 


Cotton 


GSG,635 


Irou Ore 


536,647 


Cotton Seed and Oil 


392,988 


Corn 


266,071 


Suf,'ar and Molasses 


189,82!) 


Animal Products 


109,470 


Stone and Gravel 


158,453 


Clay and Sand 


141,404 


Manufactured Iron 


122,060 


Mill Products 


88,129 


Hav 


7S,G35 


Other Gr.ii 11 


51,308 


Fruits au.l \-.-^,t,.l ,1. s 


23,091 


Tobacco 


17,707 


Pig Iron 


5,506 


Oils 


3,128 


Ice 


4,000 


Cement, Brick and Lime 


1,231 


Total 


31,054,423 





PROSPECTS OF 

INCREASED 

RIVER TRAFFIC. 



The river equipment of the streams with 
which St. Louis has direct traffic and large pro- 
prietary interest embrace upwards of 1,300 
boats, with an aggregate tonnage of 480,000, 
the actual of weight of freight moved on them 
amounting to about one-half the total given 
above. 

It could scarcely be ex- 
pected that the river traffic 
to and from St. Louis would 
show a large increase when 
the immense railroad freight returns are taken 
into consideration, but considerably rtpwards of 
1,000,000 tons of freight are received at the 
city and shipped from it every year. The re- 
turns would be infinitely larger but for suspen- 
sions of traffic caused by low water, and for 
several years the efforts of the Merchants' Ex- 
change have been directed towards the securing 
from the Federal Government a measure of jus- 
tice in the matter of river improvement. The 
movement, warmly supported by Mr. E. A. Noo- 
nan, during his administration as mayor, came 
to a definite head in the years 1891 and 1892, 
when the executive committee of the commercial 
and manufacturing associations of St. Louis for 
the improvement of the Mississippi river secured 
the introduction of a bill appropriating $8, 000, 000 
annually for the improvenrent of the river. This 
bill passed the Senate, but owing to the strong 
opposition in the House, it was deemed inad- 
visable to run the risk of pushing it, and in its 
l)lace there was obtained an appropriation of 
$4,000,000 per annum for four years, for con- 
tinuous work on the Mississippi river from 
St. Paul to New Orleans. This work is 
now in progress, and a concerted effort will 
be made to have the appropriations continued 
indefinitely until St. Louis becomes a seaport, 
and until the river is navigable at all periods of 
the year, except when closed by ice. 

The high water of the year 1892 reduced the 
river tonnage considerably. During the months 
of April, May, Juueand July the average stage of 
the river at St. Louis was about twenty feet, as 
compared with zero of gauge in the year 18()3, 
and again in December, 1893. This latter indi- 



70 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



cated about twelve feet of water in the channel in 
the harbor of St. lyouis, with four and some- 
times only three feet of water in places between 



here and Cairo. The arrivals and departures at 
and from the port of St. Louis during the last 
twenty years are as follows: 





ARRI 


•ALS. 






DEPARTURES. | 


YEARS. 


Uoats. 


Barges. 


Tons of 
I'-reight 
Rfceivea. 


Tons of 
Lumber and 
Logs by Raft 

Recc-iveti. 


TEARS. 


Boats. 


Tons of 
Freight 
Shipped. 


; 1892 


2053 
1881 
1927 
2195 
2079 
2361 
2087 
1878 
2048 
2240 
2537 
2426 
2871 
2360 
2322 
21.50 
2122 
2201 
2332 
2316 


1090 
1019 
1274 
1474 
1244 
1272 
1269 
1030 
999 
1185 
1110 
1525 
1821 
1471 
1291 
660 
683 
743 
951 
1020 


556,980 
450,050 
530,790 
543,990 
597,955 
652,880 
570,205 
479,065 
520,350 
029,225 
802,080 
852,410 
893,860 
688,970 
714,700 
644,4s."> 
68S.7,-,.-, 
603.. -.-25 
732,765 
810,055 


130.220 
142,01)0 
132,940 
127,695 
130,855 
213,165 
200,785 
217,860 
240,330 
231,285 
271,490 
356,020 
198,315 


1892.. 


2013 
1845 
1910 
2211 
2076 
2328 
2102 
1828 
2018 
2140 
2487 
2340 
2866 
2392 
2348 
2156 
2118 
2223 
• 2364 
2303 


502,215 
512,9:^0 
617,985 
712,700 
510,115 
637,060 1 
561,895 1 
534,175 ! 
514,910 
677,340 
769,905 
884,025 
1,038,350 
676,445 
614,675 
597,676 i 
600,225 j 
639,095 
707,325 1 
783,256 1 


1 1891 


1891 




1890 


\'^-:z:. :::: 

illl 


1889 




1887 


1886 ... . 




1885 


!]884 ::::::::::::: 

1 1883 

' lSfi-2 




1883 

-i^^ZZSZ. ZZ.'.'.. 


InM 


1880 

1879 

1878 

1877 


IsT'i 


1878 

1877 


1875 

1874 


1875 


1874 


1873 .. 




1873 



CHAPTER VI. 

RAPID TRANSIT AND ITS INFLUENCES. 

THE EARLY STRUGGLES OF OMNIBUS AND STREET CAR COMPANIES.- THE INTRODUCTION 
OF CABLE AND ELECTRIC POWER.- EFFECT ON IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUES. 



'Hie STRRKT C.\R service of St. Louis 
is now equal to that to be found in any 
city in the world, and in many respects 
it is far superior. It has more special 
features than the street car serv^ice of 
any other city, and it runs some of the 
most handsome cars in the world. During the 
year 1893 the use of horses and mules for street 
car traction was put a stop to in the down-town 
sections of the city, and the three roads which 
were the last to fall in line with the procession 
commenced the regular running of electric cars 
during the summer. Now every main line is 
operated by electricity or cable, and there are 



nearly 300 miles in operation, while the total 
number of passengers carried each year is about 
100,000,000. To realize what this means it 
should be borne in mind that to maintain an 
average of 100,000,000 jjassengers per annum it 
is necessary for the cars to haul a number equal 
to one-half the city's entire population every 
day, Sundays included. Before describing the 
splendid equipments of to-day, a brief reference 
must be made to tlie early days of omnibuses 
and street cars in St. Louis. The first omnibus 
was run without any concerted system or plan 
about fifty-five j-ears ago. A local paper in 
1838 speaks of the handsome style of an omnibus 



RAPID TRANSIT AND ITS INFLUENCES. 



71 



run by j\Ir. Belcher, but it was not until 1844 
that an omnibus service of any extent was es- 
tablished. Mr. Erastus Wells and Mr. Calvin 
Case in that year established an omnibus line, 
which is referred to in a local paper on June 11, 
1845, in the following terms: 

"It is but a few months since our opinion was 
asked as to the probable profits of an omnibus 
to be run in certain parts of the city. At 
that time no omnibuses were run in the city. 
The experiment was attenuated. The first was 
started by Messrs. Case & Wells, to run from the 
National Hotel on Market street, to the ferry at 
the upper end of the city. We believe it has 
been successful as could have been expected from 
a new undertaking. At first people were a little 
.shy of it; some did not think it exactly a gen- 
teel way of traveling the streets. These scruples 
have entirely disappeared, and everybody now 
rides in them, and is glad of the opportunity. 
^Messrs. Case & Wells manifest a determination 
to keep up with the encouragement given them, 
and have lately put on their line a new and 
beautiful omnibus, manufactured in Troy, New 
York. It is a fine specimen of workmanship, and 
is a very comfortable carriage. In addition to the 
line abo\-e mentioned, we now have regular lines 
running from the National Hotel to the Arsenal, 
along Second street; a line from the Planters' 
House to the Arsenal, along Fourth street; a 
line from the corner of Fourth and Market 
streets to the Camp Springs, and a line to the 
Prairie House. All seem to be doing a flourish- 
ing and profitable business, and they prove to be 
a great convenience to persons residing in dis- 
tant parts, and to those having business to at- 
tend to in remote parts of the city. They have 
contributed not a little to give an increase of 
value to real estate l>ing at a distance from the 
center or business portion of the city." 

In 1850 Erastus Wells, with Calvin Case, 
Robert O'Blennus and Lawrence Mathews 
formed a combination which purchased and op- 
erated all the omnibus lines in St. Louis. In 
the following year there were six lines in exist- 
ence, as follows: First, from the Arsenal to Ca- 
rondelet: second, from the corner of Market and 



Second streets to the Arsenal; third, from the 
corner of Main and Market to Camp Springs; 
fourth, from the corner of Broadway and Frank- 
lin avenue to Rising Sun Tavern; fifth, from the 
corner of Market and Third to Bremen; sixth, 
from Bremen to Bissell's Ferry. The omnibuses 
from these points started every four to ten min- 
utes, and the lines comprised in all ninety om- 
nibuses, 450 head of horses, four stables and 
about 100 hands. 

In January, 1859, a 
meeting was held to dis- 



THE FIRST STREET 
RAILROAD TRIP. 



cuss the question of the 
building of street railroads, and the sense of the 
meeting was so strongly in favor of the innova- 
tion that local enterprise was at once directed to- 
wards the incorporation of companies for build- 
ing and equipping street railroads. In the fol- 
lowing May the Missouri Railroad Company 
was organized, and Mr. Erastus Wells became 
its president, a position he occupied for more 
than twenty years. By July the road was con- 
structed as far as Twelfth street, and on the 
4tli of July the first car was run over the 
track. In these days of street railroads running 
trains fi\-e, and even fifteen, miles, the excite- 
ment which the first trip created on the six- 
block route seems remarkable and almost hu- 
morous. The literature of the day tells us that 
the first car was a beautiful vehicle, light, ele- 
gant and commodious, having cost $900, in- 
cluding freight from Philadelphia, where it was 
comstructed. "Mr. Wells, president of the 
road, then took the reins," we are told, "and, 
after a jerk or two, the first car moved slowly 
but steadily up the track amidst loud shouts 
and cheers from the crowd. Troops of urchins 
followed in its wake, endeavoring to hang on, 
and we fear unless this is prevented in the 
future, serious accidents may occur." The 
journey appears to have been accompanied by 
great difficulties, the car leaving the track 
several times, but Tenth street was finally 
reached, "the track having been cleared of 
stone only that distance." It took many years 
to bring the Missouri Railroad system up to its 
present standard, but Grand avenue was reached 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



during the seventies by botli Olive and ^Market 
streets. 

The St. Ivonis Railroad, or the Broadway line, 
was also started in 18.5y, as was the Citizens' 
Railway, which originally ran as far west as 
Garrison avenue. In 1804: the road was extended 
to the Fair Grounds, and in 1881 along the 
St. Charles rock road to Rinkelville. The ex- 
tension of this road between King's Highway 
and Rinkelville is still operated by horses on a 
single track with turn-outs. It is shortly to be 
reconstructed and equipped as an electric road, 
but in the meantime it gives an interesting in- 
sight into the original system of street railroads 
in St. lyouis as compared with the magnificent 
equipment of to-day. The People's road was also 
constructed along Fourth street in 1859, and 
five years later it was extended to Lafayette 
Park. In 1882 it was further extended to Grand 
avenue. The first step towards the forma- 
tion of the Union Depot system of street rail- 
roads was made in 1862, when the track was 
laid from Fourth and Pine streets to Gravois 
road. So many extensions have taken place 
since, that the road has become a general South 
St. L,ouis means of transportation, and it has just 
completed a line to Carondelet on the high 
ground. The year 1864 was an important one 
in street railroad history. It saw the building 
of the Benton-Bellefontaine Railroad as far as the 
water tower, and also the commencement of 
work on the L,indell system, now one of the 
largest in the United States. Cars were run on 
both the Washington avenue and Fourteenth 
street branches early in 1867, the first named 
road having for some years its terminus at Ware 
avenue. 

The Union Railway was organized the follow- 
ing year and track was laid as far as Hyde Park. 
Ten years later the road was extended to the 
Fair Grounds. In 1874 the Cass Avenue and 
Fair Grounds Railway was organized, and in 
June 1875 it was first operated. On October 
25, 1874, some excitement was caused by the 
running of the first two-story car in the city. 
This was on the Northwestern St. Louis Rail- 
way, which became absorbed by the Mound City 



Railway Company, whose cars were first oper- 
ated in 1866. The South St. Louis Railway 
Company was incorporated in 1876 at about the 
time of the adoption of the scheme and charter. 
By the purchase of the Carondelet Street Rail- 
way Company, it connected Carondelet with St. 
Louis, running due south. 

Anothercompany,not strictly a street railroad 
company, but of equal importance to the city, is 
the St. Louis Transfer Company, originally 
known as the Ohio & Mississippi Transfer Com- 
pany. This was chartered in 1859, and has 
provided admirable transfer and omnibus facili- 
ties for passengers, baggage and freight ever 
since, keeping pace with the growth of public 
sentiment and the improvement of transfer facili- 
ties generally. 

This in brief traces the 
origin of the magnificent 



TtiE SERVICE 
OF OLD ST. LOUIS 



AT ITS BEST. 



street railroad facilities of 
St. Louis to-day. In 1882, 
when, as we have already seen, Old St. Louis 
began to merge into New St. Louis, there were 
in operation fourteen street railroads, which 
carried about 30,000,000 passengers during the 
year, or less than one-third the total carried now. 
The following table, based on the 1882 returns, 
will give some slight idea of the small begin- 
ning upon which the street railroad system of 
New St. Louis was based: 



Badeu 

BeiUou & Bellefontaine 

Cass Avenue 

Citizeus' 



•he 



ell.. 



Missouri 

.Mound Citv 

lV,.,,lc-s ' . 

Si. Louis 

SoiUh St. Louis 

Tower Grove & Lafayette 

Uuion 

Union Depot 



,820 
1,720 



The influence of New St. Louis at once began 
to be felt in the street cars. As seen above, 
Grand avenue was generally the terminus of 



RAPin TRANSIT AND ITS INFLUENCES. 



73 



railroads running west, and the extension of the 
Liiidell Railway as far as \'andeveuter avenue 
by means of a loop running west on Dehnar 
avenue, north on \'andeventer, east on Finney 
and south on Grand, was regarded as quite a 
work of enterprise. Bobtail cars — the popular 
name for the unpopular diminutive cars, whose 
drivers are compelled to act in dual capacity 
as drivers and conductors — were run, and, al- 
though the road proved a great convenience, it 
was not pushed to its full limit. The Market 
street road was also extended as far as Forest 
Park, and on Sundays through cars were run, 
though during the week the much-despised bob- 
tail cars did duty on the extension. 

St. Louisans, visiting other cities and observ- 
ing the successful operation in them of street 
railroads operated by rapid transit in the shape 
of cables, became impressed with the fact that 
horse and mule traction was too slow for a great 
city like St. Louis, and the question of rapid 
transit began to be discussed here very freely. 
As we have seen in a preceding chapter, the 
railroad magnates strongly objected to the pro- 
posed innovation, and a vigorous outcry was 
also raised by the conservative and timid ele- 
ment. It seems strange that emancipation from 
the old rut should have been inaugurated by 
Indianapolis capitalists, but such was the case, 
and in 1884 the first franchise was granted for 
a cable road. The promoters had acquired the 
title and interest in the narrow-gauge road 
which ran from the intersection of Grand avenue 
and Olive sti'cet to the interesting city of Floris- 
sant, seventeen miles out in the country. That 
this road was intended for much greater things 
than it had achieved, was evidenced by its 
title, which was the St. Louis, Creve Coeur & 
St. Charles Railway Company, to which cor- 
poration the privileges were granted by the 
Municipal Assembly after a bitter fight. 

Ordinance No. 12,852, ap- 
proved by Mayor Ewing in 



THE FIRST 
CABLE ROAD 



FRANCHISE. 



188-1:, should ever be regarded 
by St. Louis property holders 
and citizens with something akin to veneration, 
because it sanctioned the first step towards the 



emancipation of the city from the rule of horses 
and mules on its street car tracks, and because 
the work done under it ga\'e a marked impetus 
to the new growth of the city. The franchise 
granted the company permission to lay a cable 
track between the junction of Sixth and Locust 
streets and the intersection of the narrow-gauge 
road with Morgan street, at a point a little west 
of Vandeventer avenue. The precautions taken 
against damage to the city and private property 
in the construction of the road were somewhat 
remarkable, and showed that the warnings of 
those who had prophesied dire disaster as the 
result of the innovation had not been thrown 
away on the city legislators. The limits of 
speed specified in the ordinance were also 
indicative of the spirit of the times." East of 
Twelfth street no car was to run faster than six 
miles an hour; between Twelfth street and Gar- 
rison avenue a speed of seven miles was per- 
mitted, and west of Garrison avenue eight miles 
was allowed. These speed regulations would 
have required the use of three different cables, 
with drums at Twelfth street and also Garrison 
avenue; but before the road was opened wise 
counsels prevailed, and a more reasonable uni- 
form speed-limit was made. 

Those who resided in the city at the time will 
remember with great interest the construction 
of this road. It was built in the most substantial 
manner then possible, but by a slow, tedious 
and expensive process, without the use of the 
devices of more recent years which had made 
cable-track laying far more speedy and prac- 
ticable. As an event typical of the times, the 
laying of the first cable in the conduit is worth 
mentioning. The local papers devoted to the 
work a large amount of space, and considering 
the immense crowds which witnessed the work, 
the event was certainly one of more than ordi- 
nary interest. The cable was placed in position 
late in the winter of 1885-8(5, and the first cable 
train was run at the commencement of spring 
following. The excitement which the experi- 
ment created will ever be remembered. On the 
first Sunday of the road's operation it beat the 
record in the matter of passenger hauling, 



74 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



although its equipment was by no means com- 
plete. The popularity of the road was so great 
that even after the novelty wore off, people will- 
ingly walked four or five blocks out of their 
way to ride in the cars, and a career of extra- 
ordinary prosperity appeared to be certain. The 
"impossible" route added to the difficulties of 
running the road, but although a great many 
passengers were thrown into each other's laps, 
and some few were thrown on to the sidewalk at 
the sharpest curves, these little drawbacks did 
not materially injure the road's traffic receipts. 
The most objectionable and dangerous point was 
at Grand avenue and Morgan street, where a 
double curve seemed to defy the efforts of the 
engineers to devise means to keep the cars on 
the track. This trouble was finally obviated by 
the purchase of the property at the southeast 
corner, and the moving several feet south of the 
house situated upon it, so as to enable the track 
to be relaid without a perceptible curve at all. 
The road's progress was also interfered with 
by a calamitous fire, which destroyed its entire 
equipment before it had been in operation more 
than a year. Horse cars were run for a short 
time, and finally a fresh supply of cars was ob- 
tained and traffic was resumed. The road was 
finally sold, at a handsome profit to the original 
promoters, and it passed into the control of Bos- 
ton capitalists. Sufficient money was not spent 
to keep up the track, and the competition of 
adjoining roads which in the meantime had 
been equipped with cable power, reduced the 
earning capacity of the pioneer rapid transit 
road of St. Louis to such an extent that it passed 
into the hands of a receiver. About four years 
ago Messrs. Charles H. Turner, S. M. Kennard, 
Clark H. Sampson and other capitalists were 
convinced of the possibility of reconstructing the 
road with electricity and making it jDay hand- 
somely. They secured a controlling interest in 
the corporation, reorganized it as the St. Louis 
& Suburban Railroad, and at once decided upon 
the gigantic enterprise of equipping the road its 
entire length with electricity. The narrow- 
gauge suburban service was exceedingly unsat- 
isfactory and entirely inadequate, and the reor- 



ganizers determined to run a double-track 
electric road as far as the city limits and a sin- 
gle-track electric road from tliat point to Floris- 
sant, the tracks to be doubled on the county 
section as soon as the traffic justified the outlay. 
The necessarv legisla- 



THE FIRST COUNTY 
ELECTRIC ROAD. 



tion was obtained, and the 
long and tedious task com- 
menced. Electric cars were run as an extension 
to the cable service in 1891, and in 1892 the great 
work was completed and a through service of 
electric cars established between Sixth and Lo- 
cust streets and the city limits at Wells Station, 
with an excellent county extension to Normandy 
and Florissant. This road is now the longest 
electric road in the world operated from one 
power-house, and the enormous increase in its 
receipts since the change of motive power has 
more than justified the enterprise and anticipa- 
tions of the reorganizers. 

The history of this road has been traced at 
some length because of its exceptional influence 
on the city's rapid transit facilities and also on 
its general growth. Before leaving the subject, 
it is of interest to add that in addition to being 
the longest electric road operated from one 
power-house, it was the road selected by the 
government for the experiment of street railroad 
postal cars. The experiment has proved a per- 
fect success, and now three trips are made daily, 
with sub-postoifices established along the line 
of route. The delivery of mail is expedited 
very largely by the change, and national interest 
has been attracted by the experiment, which, 
however, can hardly be regarded as an experi- 
ment now. The company already transacts a 
freight and express business west of \'andeventer 
avenue, and at an early date this service will be 
extended down-town. 

But we are somewhat anticipating history. 
The railroad companies which had opposed the 
cable franchise found their worst fears fulfilled, 
and the traffic returns of parallel lines in 188(i 
showed the necessity of prompt action. During 
the year nearly every road of importance ob- 
tained the right to change its motive power, 
and the year 1887 saw much work done. Among 



RAPID TRANSIT AND ITS INFLUENCES. 



75 



the first roads to lay cable, and the first to re- 
construct, was the Olive street branch of the 
IMissouri, which cabled its tracks right out to 
Forest Park, instead of having its western ter- 
minus at Grand avenue, as hitherto. The re- 
construction was a lengthy piece of work, but 
it was duly accomplished, and subsequently both 
the other sections of this system have been 
equipped as electric roads. This Missouri sys- 
tem alone now carries half a million passengers a 
month, and its business is constantl}' increasing. 
It has just erected a magnificent depot and 
pavilion close to the Blair statue in Forest 
Park for the convenience of the thousands of 
passengers its cars haul daily, and the popular- 
ity of the route will be still greater when this 
building is ready for use. There are few street 
railroad lines in the country which run so nearly 
in a straight line, and which traverse such a 
thickly settled and highly improved territory'. 
Starting from Fourth and Olive, close to the 
Merchants' Exchange, and some of the finest 
ofl!ice-buildings in the city, it runs directly west 
up Olive street, passing the Federal building and 
the Exposition, and continuing on its western 
course, within a block a great portion of the 
way of the finest boulevard and drive- way in St. 
Louis. Although this was one of the first cable 
railroads constructed in St. Louis, it is also the 
most modern in character, and the most suc- 
cessful in operation. No money was spared in 
building the road, which is kept in the highest 
state of repair, with a power-house of unlimited 
capacity, and a determination on the part of the 
management to provide accommodation as nearly 
perfect as possible. The cars, those used both 
for summer and winter, are excellently uphol- 
stered, and are kept scrupulously clean, while 
the trains run at such frequent intervals that 
people who are in a hurry use them even if it 
compels a walk of a few extra blocks. The serv- 
ice is so excellent in every respect that, al- 
though electricity has entirely supplanted the 
cable in the estimation of the people, there is an 
exception in this instance, and the Olive street 
road is as much liked as the best electric road 
in the city. 



RAPID TRANSIT 



PRINCIPAL PARKS. 



The jMissouri Company 
has also an electric road 
running in a straight line to 
Forest Park. This road, 
formerly known as the Forest Park & Laclede 
Railroad, starts from the southern front of the 
court-house, and runs up ^larket and Chestnut 
streets, reaching the park by the former thor- 
oughfare, some few blocks south of the cable 
terminus. It is also the only street railroad 
corporation in St. Louis running to. both Forest 
Park and Tower Grove Park, the two most pop- 
ular recreation and breathing spots in the city. 
Tower Grove Park is reached by the Missouri 
Company's electric road, which starts from Fourth 
and Market and runs by a very direct route to 
Shaw's Garden, being in fact the only railroad 
which carries passengers right to the gates of 
the great botanical garden which has made St. 
Louis popular and famous among students of 
natural beauty everywhere. The western ter- 
minus of this road is at the northern entrance 
to Tower Grove Park, and its passengers thus 
have the advantage of reaching both the garden 
and the parks without change of cars or delay 
of any kind. 

Simultaneousl}' with the cabling of the Olive 
street road, the Citizens' Railroad was changed 
to cable. Nor was this all. Easton avenue be- 
tween Prairie avenue and King's Highway was 
neither improved nor graded, and the company 
proposed as a matter of course to lay its con- 
duits only as far as city improvements made 
it possible. The property owners, however, 
clubbed together and had the street graded to 
King's Highway. The company was a party to 
the transaction, made King's Highway its west- 
ern cable terminus, and thereby doubled and 
trebled the value of property along the avenue. 
The company's branch to the Fair Grounds was 
also cabled, but in 1893 the conduit was removed 
and electric power substituted; another tribute 
to the conquering tendency of the latest of 
modern inventions. Under the same manage- 
ment as the Citizens' are the Cass Avenue, 
Northern Central and Union lines, to all of 
which reference has already been made, and all 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



of which were equipped with electricity during 
1892. The combined system serves the north- 
west portion of the city very thoroughly, and 
hauls immense numbers of passengers to the 
Fair Grounds and races. 

One of the most indispensable, and, as we have 
seen, one of the very oldest roads in the city is 
the Broadway. Unlike the other roads referred 
to, which run more or less east and west, this 
road runs from north to south, connecting the 
manufacturing section of North St. lyouis with 
the manufacturing and brewing section of South 
St. Louis, and passing through not only the 
business section of the city, but also through 
some of its most thickly settled residence wards. 
Although before this road was reconstructed for 
rapid transit, electric roads had established their 
popularity, the immense number of trains to be 
run over the track made the management prefer 
a cable, which was laid during the j-ears 1S89 
and 18110. The cabling of the road was a very 
costly undertaking, but the work was done in 
the most efficient manner possible, and the road 
is a model in every respect. Visitors to St. Louis 
who desire to visit the new Merchants' bridge, 
the old and the new water-works, the cemeteries, 
all in the northern section of the city, find the 
Broadway cable convenient for the purpose; 
while it is also a popular route to the great 
breweries of the south end. 

The lyindell, or Washington avenue. Railroad 
was among the first to feel the influence of rapid 
transit competition, as the new cable road paral- 
leled its line within a few blocks almost its 
entire length. Experiments were tried in 1887 
with a storage battery electric car, which, how- 
ever, was not a success. Shortly afterwards Mr. 
George D. Capen and other local capitalists 
secured control of the road, and having unlimited 
faith in the future of St. Louis proceeded at once 
to map out what looked like a daring scheme, 
not only of reconstruction, but also of extension. 
Electric power was selected as the motor, and 
the main line track was extended on Finney 
avenue as far west as Taylor. From this point 
two branches were constructed, one running on 
Delmar boulevard to DeBaliviere avenue and 



then south into Forest Park, where a magnifi- 
cent pavilion has been constructed providing a 
handsome ornament to the park, and being of 
immense convenience to passengers visiting the 
city's great breathing ground and pleasure 
resort. The other branch was constructed out 
west on Page boulevard, piercing a district 
hitherto a stranger to street railroad facilities of 
any kind. The enterprise of the road did not stop 
at this point. Recognizing that St. Louis was in 
need of north and south railroads, or cross-town 
lines, the management obtained municipal legis- 
lation and proceeded to construct, some three 
years ago, the Vandeventer avenue line, which 
connects the Fair Grounds with the Alill Creek 
Valley tracks. 

INTRODVCTION ^}^ ^P^'""^ °^, ^^"^ 

road was a matter of spe- 



TRANSFER SYSTEM. 



cial interest to St. Loui 



because for the first time 
it introduced into the city on a comprehensive 
scale a system of transfers, whereby a passenger 
can make a continuous journey by more than 
one car without paying an additional fare. Dur- 
ing 1893 the company has also completed and 
opened a street railroad on Taylor avenue from 
its junction with Finney into the northwestern 
wards, with the intention of extending it at an 
early date to the cemeteries on the north and 
the railroad tracks on the south. Also, during 
1893, it has opened a new road passing the new 
Union Station, crossing the Eighteenth street 
bridge and providing facilities for residents in 
the Compton Hill district. It also has a second 
road to Forest Park via Chouteau avenue, and 
has altogether one of the most comprehensive 
and extensive street railroad sj'stems in the 
United States. Its power-house is one of the 
largest in the world, and it has also ex- 
cited the interest of street railroad men every- 
where by its patented vestibule street car, which 
affords easy ingress and egress through a vesti- 
bule in the center of what is really a combina- 
tion of two full- sized electric cars. No returns 
are available for the entire Lindell system. 
During the third quarter of 1893 it carried 
nearly 4,UU0,0U0 passengers, and its completed 



RAPID TRANSIT AND ITS INFLUENCES. 



11 



system is probably carryiiis^- at least 1, .')()(), ()()() 
passengers monthly. 

Another road which has obtained running 
powers past the new Union Station is the Union 
Depot Company, which now embraces not only 
the numerous roads running into the southern 
wards, but also the Mound City Railroad and 
the Benton &. Bellefontaine Railroad. This gi- 
gantic system of railroads, with upwards of 
sixty miles of electric track, thus runs from the 
extreme south of the city to the cemeteries in 
the extreme northwest, with branches in almost 
every direction, and a system of transfers which 
enables passengers to travel right through and 
across the city for one fare. Its latest extension 
is now nearly completed. It intersects the 
highest ground in Carondelet, and affords un- 
limited facilities for transportation. No road 
has a more interesting history than this great 
system and the parts which help to make up 
the whole. In its early days all the hardships 
of boljtail bars and insufficient service were felt, 
but during the last few years these complaints 
have all been rendered unnecessary, and the 
equipment is now excellent. The power-house 
from which these different branches are oper- 
ated is of exceptional size, and its capacity is 
taxed to the uttermost. By its absorption of the 
^lound City and Benton & Bellefontaine roads, 
the company also acquired two other large 
power-houses. The business transacted by the 
roads in this system is nearly, if not quite, 
20,000,000 passengers per annum. 

The People's Rail- 
road, originally con- 
structed to Lafayette 
Park, was cabled 
some three years ago and extended along Grand 
avenue to Tower Grove Park. Now an electric 
road is being constructed along Grand avenue, 
connecting the various roads which run on or 
across that thoroughfare, and providing a third 
parallel cross-town road of great usefulness. At 
the present time there are in the city 240 miles 
of street railway in actual operation, and 43 
more in course of construction. In other words, 
early in 1894 there will be about 300 miles of 



A COMPARISON BETWEEN 

THE ROADS OF 
OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



street railroads in operation, as compared with 
less than 120 miles in 1882. This wonderful 
increase in itself is a striking tribute to the 
growth and importance and wealth of New St. 
Louis, and it would be so if the question of 
mileage alone were considered. But the in- 
crease in value has been far greater than the 
increase in mileage, because, while in 1882 the 
tracks were laid as cheaply as possible, and the 
motive power was horses and mules, the roads 
in 1893 are equipped in the most costly manner 
known, and the motive power is more than two- 
thirds electricity, with about forty-three miles 
of cable road. 

The enterprise of the railroad magnates has 
been more than rewarded, for the traffic has in- 
creased in a most remarkable manner. In 188.3, 
the last year of the horse-car reign, the number 
of passengers carried by the St. Louis street rail- 
roads was a trifle in excess of 41,000,000. Esti- 
mating population at this stage at 410,000, each 
inhabitant of the city, on an average, rode in a 
street car a hundred times during the year. In 
1891 the number of passengers carried had in- 
creased about 100 per cent, and in 1892 the num- 
ber of passengers carried amounted to 9 1 , .500,000. 
In other words, the average number of rides 
taken by every inhabitant of St. Louis was 
about 200 during the year. The returns for 
1893 are not yet complete, but they will cer- 
tainly approximate 100,000,000 for the year. 
The total for the first six months was more than 
48,000,000, and the following table gives the 
traffic for the quarter ending October 1: 





Miles 


Number of 


Number of 




Operated 


Trips 


Fares 




October 1. 


Made. 


Collected. 


rnioMl..,,,,, 


.55 


158,367 


4,612,404 


I.iinUll 


41 


323.242 


3,845,936 


Mi^-o„ii 


24 


297,600 


3,712,257 


St. I.. .111^ 


20 


211,440 


3.067,721 


Citizens' 


1.5 


185,246 


2.213,793 


Ciiss Avenue 


27 


150,890 


2,121.410 


St. Louis & Sulnirl).an 


1!) 


33,863 


2,057,175 


Southern 


15 


88,560 


1,520,307 


People's 


10 


58,004 


1.260,678 


Jefferson Avenue. 


3 


23,116 


505,413 


Ba.leu 


;i 


5,720 


127,940 



This shows a total of more than 2."), 000, 000 
passengers carried during the quarter. 



78 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



RAPID TRANSIT 
AND 



It only needs a glance at the 
city map to-day -and the maps 
as published ten years ago, to 
THE CITY MAP. ^^^ j^^^ remarkable has been 
the influence of rapid transit on the building up 
of the city. Those visiting St. Louis during the 
years 1892 and 1893, after an absence from the 
city of eight or ten years, have been astounded 
at the changes effected. Specific reference has 
already been made to the effect of the cable con- 
struction on Easton avenue. This thoroughfare 
was little more than a country road ten years 
ago. The single-track street car line was laid 
on one side of the road, and the service was any- 
thing but satisfactory. There were a few stores 
on the street, but they were general country 
stores, without specialties in any line. To-day 
Easton avenue is one of the most important 
thoroughfares in the city. It forms part of the 
direct road from the Mississippi river at St. 
Louis to the Missouri river at St. Charles, and, 
thanks to the influence of the cable, that portion 
of the St. Charles rock road which is now 
known as Easton avenue, is a busy thorough- 
fare, with hundreds of stores and private dwell- 
ings. Several attempts have been made to state 
in figures what benefit the cable road has been 
to Easton avenue, but suflicient data are not at 
hand to make any calculation approximately ac- 
curate. It is certain, however, that property 
which could not be sold at $10 a foot before 
the reconstruction, now has buyers in abund- 
ance at $->0, $(50 and $70, with higher prices 
for corners. Farther out on Easton avenue 
where property ten years ago could be bou.ght 
by the acre, $20, $"25 and $oO a foot is now 
paid. 

The general equipment of the roads running 
due west with rapid transit facilities, and their 
extension beyond Grand avenue, has remodeled 
that section of the city which lies west of ^'arl- 
deventer avenue and north of Forest Park. In 
the old days this exceptionally desirable prop- 
erty Avas inaccessible except to those who owned 
carriages. Even in 1885 there was no street 
car accommodation in the district named west 
of Vandeventer avenue. The enterprise of the 



St. Louis S: Suburban and Lindell Companies, as 
well as the cabling and extension of the Olive 
street line, has made this property as easy of 
access as it was formerly difficult. The result 
has been a complete transformation. The streets 
and boulevards between Vandeventer and Taylor 
avenues are all built up with costly improve- 
ments, including elegant mansions, while west 
of Taylor avenue the number of delightful homes 
is constantly increasing. West of King's High- 
way, in old horse-car days, the territory was un- 
explored and unknown. There were several 
large country mansions with extensive grounds, 
but as a residence section for the masses it had 
yet to be born. Encouraged by the railroad 
companies, acre after acre has been covered with 
attractive homes, the Cabanne and Chamberlain 
Park districts vying with any in the country for 
beauty and elegance. 

Tiie conversion of the horse car lines running 
south and southwest has also transformed those 
sections of the city. It was formerly so difficult 
to get to Carondelet that most people living in 
St. Louis knew little or nothing concerning the 
beauties of this section of the city. The high, 
healthy ground is now being built up with res- 
idences of all descriptions, and, thanks to the 
admirable street railroad facilities, the popula- 
tion is being increased at a surprising rate. In 
the northwest and the north, the street railroads 
have opened up several square miles of hitherto 
inaccessible property. The improvements are 
continuing, and, indeed, the good work of the 
rajjid transit roads in this direction is yet in its 
infanc\-. In no respect does New St. Louis 
differ in appearance from Old St. Louis more 
than in its residences and residence sections, and 
the change has been brought about almost en- 
tirely by rapid transit. 

One more influ- 
POSSIBILITY , . 

ence of improved 
OF AN EXTENSION OF TUB , ^ ., ,. ,- 

street railroad lacih- 
CITY LIMITS. ^.^^ ,,,^,^^ 1^^ ^^_ 

corded. Tlie vSt. Louis & Suburl:>an electric 
road, as already mentioned, runs as far into the 
countv as Florissant, and all along tlie line of 
its route it lias built up suburban districts. 



SOME AIDS TO PROCK/tSS. 



79 



Nominally, Nonnandy and Rainoiia are both in 
the county, but practically they are part of St. 
Louis. Powers have also been obtained to con- 
struct electric roads into various other sections 
of the county. A road has already been finished 
to Clayton, the county seat, and two other cor- 
porations have been formed to construct rail- 
roads, to be operated by electricity, through the 
strictly' urban section of the county west and 
southwest of the city. As a result of this, it is 
proposed to, as early as possible, extend the city 
limits so as to take in Jefferson Barracks on the 
south, Kirkwood on the southwest, Clayton on 
the west and Ferguson on the northwest. 

The new limits as thus proposed would add 
an area to the cit}- of about r)l,2()() acres, or 
eighty square miles. It would bring in all the 
suburban towns fostered by present and projected 
electric roads, including Ferguson, Woodland, 
Normandy, Jennings Heights, Ramona, College 



View, O' Fallon, Clayton, Rosedale, Kirkwood, 
Glendale, Webster, Luxemburg and Jefferson 
Barracks, and within the area named there is a 
population of nearly, if not more than, 5U,(K)(). 
The present financial condition of that portion 
of St. Louis county included in the limits named 
greatly simplifies the question of annexation. 
If the boundaries named above should be adopted 
the city would have an area of 89,9(52 acres, or 
about 140 square miles. It would add, at a 
low estimate, $2.5,000,000 immediately to the 
taxable values, yielding a revenue of about 
§.500,000. The proposed line has been drawn 
so as to continue along the high ground, and 
within five years much of the new territory 
would be the most desirable property in the 
city. The rapid transit to suburban localities is 
the best in the United States, and whether the 
territory is annexed or not it will practically be 
a part of the city within a short time. 



CHAPTER VII. 

SOME AIDS TO PROGRESS. 

THE VEILED PROPHET, AUTUMNAL FESTIVITIES ASSOCIATION. ILLUMINATIONS, EXPOSITION 
AND FAIR.-CONVENTIONS.-COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS. 



M. 



^prilE HISTORY OF CITIES, ancient and 
\ / modern, fails to record a duplicate to 
(g) (g) the enterprise of New St. Louis in the 
matter of entertaining strangers and 
providing lavishly for their amusement. 
It was in 1878 that the Veiled Prophet 
commenced his series of annual visits to St. 
Louis, and from the first these visits have been 
made the basis of hospitality of the most lavish 
character. The mystery of the Veiled Prophet 
has been kept entire from the first, and although 
it is generally known that the enormous expense 
of the pageant and ball is borne by a secret organ- 
ization composed of the principal capitalists, 
manufacturers and merchants of St. Louis, their 



e.vact identity is a matter of surmise, and the 
correctness of the guesses need not be discussed. 
Certain it is that the men who thought out and 
then raised the money to carry out the idea, 
ha\-e contributed nobly towards the cit\"s re-birth 
and second growth, and that they have earned 
the good-will of all. The pass-word of the 
Veiled Prophet is, or should be, " unselfishness." 
The idea is a beautiful one, for it is borrowed 
from ancient or legendar}- histor)-, and is de- 
signed to perpetuate the poetic story, which 
ought to be true if it isn't, that there used to 
exist a Veiled Prophet who was surrounded only 
by whole-souled men who gave up their lives 
to good works. Before the circle of followers 



80 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



was enlarged, the new-comer was compelled to 
look into a magic mirror which laid bare to 
the prophet's gaze his very thoughts and feel- 
ings. Hence the conrt was made up of gener- 
ous, open-hearted men, devoted to the service of 
their fellows. 

It is very much the same 
with the Veiled Prophet's 



WHAT THE 
VEILED PROPHET 



HAS DONE. 



Association. The members 
subscribe freely to the ex- 
pense account, but do not take their reward 
b\- means of printed and advertised subscrip- 
tion lists; indeed, no man can be found who 
will admit having donated a single dollar to 
the annual pageants. Millions of visitors have 
come in to see the sixteen annual parades, 
and thousands have tripped the light fantastic 
toe at the grand balls. It seems a trifle debas- 
ing to try to reduce to a cash basis the benefit 
the city has derived from the visits and the 
festivities. In the first place, they have lifted 
St. Louis out of a rut and broken down that 
Chinese wall which was always thought to en- 
circle what was even then the metropolis of the 
Mississippi Valley. Then, they have made 
hundreds of thousands of people acquainted with 
the city, and have fostered the habit of annual 
\isits to it. Both these influences have been 
of almost incalculable value; but when the 
prophet's power was used to raise New St. Louis 
out of the old city, the true force and value of 
that power came to be appreciated. The part 
played by the prophet in this work has already 
been discussed, and need not be enlarged upon 
here. The good work has continued year after 
year until in the fall of 1803 there seemed to be 
a feeling that the prophet had outlived his use- 
fulness, and that St. Louis was too important a 
city for the annual pageant. At first it was 
thought that this feeling was, if not general, at 
least extensive, and it was semi-officially an- 
nounced that the Veiled Prophet would appear 
no more. The outcry that followed showed that 
the sentiment was held only by the element, to 
be found in every city, which is much more 
ready to criticize than to invent or work, and it 
is now generally understood that the Veiled 



Prophet will appear next October, as usual. 

A detailed description of the annual pageant 
would be impossible, nor is it practicable to de- 
scribe the annual balls at which the wealth and 
beauty, not only of St. Louis and the West, but 
also of the East, are represented. It is no ex- 
aggeration to say that thousands of society men 
and women look forward to the event with 
excitement for months before it takes place, noi 
is it too much to say that the annual ball is 
absolutely unique. Beyond this and a passing 
reference to the beauty of the invitations and 
programmes, nothing can be said here. 

More space must be devoted to the illumina- 
tions which have made St. Louis famous all ovei 
two continents. Some little work in street illumi- 
nation was done when the prophet first appeared, 
but it was not until 1882, the year so markec 
by changes from old to new, that St. Louis 
first illuminated its streets in a comprehensive 
manner. The sum of §20,000 was subscribed 
for the purpose, and the illumination committee 
of that year had a task of no small magnitude tc 
overcome, for it had to originate as well as tc 
perfect. So far as the United States was con- 
cerned, St. Louis was the pioneer in the matter ol 
street illuminations, no other city having made 
an effort in the direction, and it became necessary 
to look to Europe for hints and ideas. Careful 
inquiry in Paris showed that in even the gay 
French capital nothing had been attempted on 
anything approaching the scale determined 
upon in St. Louis, and even the much-talked-oi 
illuminations of Brussels and \'enice were ex- 
perimental and insignificant compared with the 
new western idea. In London, Japanese lan- 
terns and an occasional colored globe, constituted 
the idea of street beautification by night; and 
the St. Louisans who had crossed the Atlantic in 
search of information and designs returned with 
ver>' little of the former and still less of the latter, 
the fact having been demonstrated that the ap- 
parently primitive efforts of the preceding year 
in St. Louis had excelled the best on record in 
the carnival cities of the Old World, besides 
ha\-ing been entirely without precedent in those 
of the New. 



SO.UE AIDS TO PA'OC/A'ASS. 



It is fortunate for St. Louis, 

and also for the United States, 
ILLUMINATIONS. ^, ^ ^, ^, ■ x 

tliat there was nothing found 

v^orth copyino- in the carnival cities of Europe, 
or the Carni\-al Cit\- of America proceeded at 
lUce to originate, and to spring at one bound 
nto the lead as an entertaining city, achieving, 
veil twelve years ago, a triumph it could 
lave scarcely hoped for had it followed in the 
vake of other cities instead of leading the way 
tself. Twenty thousand dollars having been 
ubscribed in 1882, one hundred and forty skilled 
)lumbers were engaged, and gas-pipes and 
irclies were placed along and over the sidewalks 
ind across the streets. Twenty-one thousand 
rlobes of different colors were purchased, and 
or the distance of about forty-four blocks in the 
jusiness section everything was got in readiness 
or a magnificent display and for a dazzling show 
)f many-shaded lights. 

The most sanguine exiDectations of the pro- 
noters of the enterprise were more than real- 
zed, for tens of thousands of spectators gazed 
\fith admiration on the display evening after 
evening, and hundreds of Kuropean tourists, 
who were attracted b)- the no\elty and magni- 
:ude of the undertaking, pronounced it the most 
2;orgeous street spectacle they had ever wit- 
nessed, and so infinitely superior to the best Old 
World productions as to make anything in the 
nature of comparison out of the question. A 
well-known official of the Crystal Palace at Sj'd- 
enham, near London, England, was among the 
visitors who enjoyed the first grand street illu- 
mination the world had ever seen, and his ver- 
dict was that not even in the Crystal Palace 
grounds, nor in the gardens at South Kensing- 
ton, had any approach towards such magnificence 
been made. Other visitors of equal experience 
endorsed this expression of approval, and no one 
has yet been found to express a contrary opin- 
ion. In l.ss.'i the illuminations were repeated, 
and the area coverefl being increased several 
blocks; and in the two following years the work 
of improvement went steadily on. In 188(1, the 
year of the Knights Templars Conclave at St. 
Louis, upwards of $"22,000 was collected audex- 



THE 

AUTUMNAL FESTIVITIES 

ASSOCIATION. 



pended in illuminations, which were made more 
dazzling than ever by the free use of electric 
lights. In 1SS7 the gathering of the Grand 
Army, followed by the visit of President and 
Mrs. Cleveland, stimulated vSt. Louisans to 
still greater efforts; the subscription exceeded 
$2(),()(K), and the streets were rendered more daz- 
zling than ever. 

This feature was continued, and the plan of 
illumination gradually improved until the end of 
the eighties, when the impression spread that 
the illumination had served its purpose, and for 
two years this feature was omitted. The re- 
sult was something like what happens to a bus- 
iness man who, having achieved a reputation by 
advertising, suddenly comes to the conclusion 
that he is spending too much money and shuts 
down on advertising expense. Such a man gen- 
erally resumes advertising quickly on a more lib- 
eral scale than ever. So did St. Louis. 

In 1891 a mass-meet- 
ing was held, which is 
probably without a par- 
allel in the world's his- 
tory. It was called by the proclamation of the 
\'eilcd Prophet. The object of the meeting was 
to raise $1,000, 000 to be expended during the 
World's Fair period for the general good of the 
city. Mr. Samuel M. Kennard presided at the 
meeting, and the attendance was large and rep- 
resentative. Indeed, the element whi-ch had 
succeeded in establishing New St. Louis was 
present in full force, although there were plenty 
of old men for counsel, as well as young men 
for war. The objects in view were largely 
three-fold. One, which may be described as the 
immediate outward and visible sign of the pro- 
posed work, took the shai)e of festivities for the 
current and two following years of a character 
never before attempted in St. Louis, the idea be- 
ing to celebrate the Columbian quadro-centenary 
on the streets of St. Louis. The second object of 
the proposed association was to secure the erec- 
tion of a new fire-proof hotel to cost not less 
than $1,000,000, and the proposed association 
was authorized to offer a bonus for this purpose. 
It was also designed to spend about one-third oi 



82 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



the money raised in advertising vSt. Lonis in a 
dignified manner, and thus enlighteningthe world 
as to the progress made by the city since it de- 
cided to throw off all allegiance to tradition and 
to map out for itself a new career as the future 
metropolis of the mid-continent. 

The success of the meeting was remarkable. 
Just as, more than forty years ago, a few public- 
spirited St. Louisans met together and made the 
construction of a railroad into the city a possi- 
bility, so did a larger number of large and small 
capitalists in May, 1891, insure the success of 
an enterprise at least as important and daring. 
It was not expected that the million dollars 
would be raised in the room, but a very splendid 
beginning was made. Two subscriptions, each 
for $10,000, were announced, followed by others 
of $7,r)00, $.5,000 and smaller sums. A spirit of 
enthusiasm was spread over the meeting, which 
soon extended over the city and guaranteed the 
success of the movement. Before the meeting 
adjourned the St. Louis Autumnal Festivities 
Association was formed, with the following offi- 
cers: President, S. M. Kennard; first vice-presi- 
dent, E. O. Stanard; second vice-president, 
F. A. Wann; third vice-president, John S. 
Moffitt; fourth vice-president, Rolla Wells; fifth 
vice-president, Clark A. Sampson; secretary, 
Frank Gaiennie; treasurer. Walker Hill; execu- 
tive committee, A. D. Brown, R. P. Tansey, 
D. D. Walker, J. C. Wilkinson, S. C. Bunn, 
Jacob Furth, W. T. Haydock, M. C. Wetmore, 
W. F. Nolker, George E. Leighton, T. B. Boyd, 
Charles M. Hays, Goodman King, C. D. Mc- 
Clure, M. Bernheimer, T. K. Niedringhaus, 
H. J. Meyer, Jonathan Rice, August Gehner, 
J. J. Kreher, C. H. Turner, L. D. Kingsland, 
H. C. Townsend, R. M. Scruggs, Festus J. 
Wade, Jerome Hill, A. T. Kelley, George D. 
Barnard, D. S. Holmes, W. H. Woodward, 
Patrick McGrath, J. Specht, W. H. Thompson 
and George M. Wright. 

Six committees were formed to deal respect- 
ively with finance, advertising, transportation, 
programme, illumination and hotel. Mr. John 
S. Moffitt, who had been at the head of most of 
the collecting funds for illuminations in prior 



years, was appointed chairman of the finance 
committee, which at once proceeded to attempt 
the so-called impossible task of raising enough 
money to carr\^ out the plans of the promoters 
of the organization. Every professional and 
mercantile interest in the city was classified and 
nearly a hundred sub-committees were appointed 
to assist in obtaining subscriptions. E.xtraordi- 
nary success followed the efforts. A spirit oi 
rivalry of the most friendly character was estab- 
lished between the different trades and profes- 
sions, and not to subscribe to the fund was tc 
form an exception to a remarkably general rule, 
That the Old St. Louis spirit was well-nigl 
dead was proved by the fact that the collector; 
only met with four rebuffs during their entin 
work. A hundred thousand dollars was securec 
the first week, and the work went on through 
out the summer in the most satisfactory manner 
Not only did the capitalists and employers o 
labor subscribe freely, but the laborers them 
selves came forward and contributed. Nearl) 
every member of the police force and of the fir( 
department, in addition to hundreds of travelin< 
men and clerks, joined the procession, and th( 
city acquired a proprietary interest in the asso 
elation which it could not have done had tin 
money been raised from the few instead of tin 
many. A generation hence the list of subscriber 
to the Autumnal Festivities Association will b 
looked upon as a roll of honor, for while it ma; 
be true that 

The evil that meu do lives after them, 
The good is oft interred with their boues, 

this cannot be said to be the case with or 
ganizations of what are sometimes incorrectl; 
described as a " boom " order. Hence, whiL 
the good influences of the festivities associatioi 
are manifest to-day, they will be ten times mor 
so twenty and fifty years hence, when much o 
the good seed sown during the last two and ; 
half years will have borne fruit a hundred and 
thousand-fold. The work of collection was con 
tinned during 1892, but the financial uneasines 
in 1893 made it impossible to solicit new sub 
scriptions. Fortunately, the remarkable manne 
in which St. Louis weathered the storm enablei 



SOME AIDS TO PROGRESS. 



83 



he association to collect almost every dollar 
)roiiiised it, and a total of more than S()00,OOU 
vas received, inclnding as cash the large snms 
generously donated by the local newspapers for 
idvertising purposes. 

Mr. J. C. Wilkinson became chairman of the 
lluraination committee, which provided for St. 
vouis during the years \^\fi and 1893 the most 
nagnificent street illuminations ever attempted 
n this or any other city. Space prevents a de- 
ailed description of these illuminations. More 
han 70,000 lights, half electric and half gas, 
irere used for the purpose, and the down-town 
treets were made a veritable blaze of light. 
Phe electrical panorama which were seen on the 
i-idest streets, and at the most conspicuous 
loints, excited the admiration of the hundreds of 
housands of visitors who were attracted to the 
ity by them. Mr. Wilkinson earned the praise 
if every one by the ingenuity of the designs 
nd b\- the determined manner in which he in- 
isted upon novelties being produced in the face 
if technical objections and forecasts of certain 
ailure. 

Mr. Goodman King was 
appointed chairman of the 



THE BUREAU 
}F INFORMATION. 



advertising committee, the 
lame of which was changed to the Bureau of 
nformation in consequence of the vast scope 
if its operations. As the writer of "Old and 
^ew St. Louis " is the secretary of this bureau, 
\lr. Julian Ralph, whose able and comprehensive 
irticle in Harpcr^s Nczv Monthly has already 
)een referred to more than once, will be quoted 
IS to its work and operations: " The bureau," 
ays Mr. Ralph, "has offices in St. Louis, and 
las also arranged to open others in London and 
)ther cities in pursuit of a systematic effort to 
idvertise the commercial, social and sanitary ad- 
vantages which St. Louis possesses. It may cause 
L smile to read that Chairman King and Secretary 
!^ox report, in a circular now before me, what 
vork the Bureau of Information has done 'to 
:orrect any false impressions which have been 
;reated by the too great modesty of St. Louis- 
ins in the past.' But they are right, for, as 
:ompared with its rival, St. Louis 



that defect, and the frank admission of such a 
hated fault shows how far removed and reformed 
from retarding bashfulness that city has since 
become. The bureau reports that it is causing 
the publication of half-page advertisements of 
St. Louis, precisely as if it were a business or a 
patent medicine, in sixty-two papers,* circulat- 
ing more than a million copies; that it has 
obtained reading notices in all these dailies; 
that ' articles on St. Louis as a manufacturing 
and connnercial metropolis and as a carnival 
city' are sent out every day; that arrangements 
are being made for a weekly mail letter to 500 
southern and western journals, and that once 
or twice a week news items are sent to the 
principal dailies of the whole country. It was 
found that St. Louis was not fairly treated in 
the weekly trade reports published generally 
throughout the country, and this source of com- 
plaint has been removed. Invading the camp 
of the arch-enemy — Chicago — the bureau has 
caused a handsome ' Guide to Chicago ' to add 
to its title the words, 'And St. Louis, the Car- 
nival City of America.' It is also getting up a 
rich and notable book to be called ' St. Louis 
Through a Camera ' for circulation among all 
English-speaking peoples. The local service 
for the press telegraphic agencies has been 
greatly improved, ' and the efforts of the bureau 
to increase the number and extent of the notices 
of St. Louis in the daily papers throughout the 
United States have continued to prove success- 
ful,' so that 'instead of St. Louis being ignored 
or referred to in a very casual manner, it is now 
recognized as fully as any other large city in 
America.' 

" I have described the operations of this asso- 
ciation and its most active bureau at some 
length because they exhibit the farthest ex- 
treme yet reached in the development of the 
most extraordinary phase of western enterprise. 
There we see a city managed by its people as a 
wide-awake modern merchant looks after his 



*This was comparatively early in the bureau's issue. 
It subsequently made use of the columns of more than 
4,000 American newspapers, periodicals and magazines, 
and issued 60,000 copies of the book spoken of in this ar- 
ticle as being "got up." 



84 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



business. It is advertised and 'written up' and 
pushed upon the attention of the world, with all 
its good features clearly and proudly set forth. 
There is boasting in the process, but it is always 
based upon actual merit, for St. Louis is an old 
and proud city, and there is no begging at all. 
The methods are distinctly legitimate, and the 
work accomplished is hard work paid for by 
hard cash. It is considered a shrewd invest- 
ment of energy and capital, and not a specula- 
tion. If we in the eastern cities, who are said 
to be 'fossilized,' are not inclined to imitate 
such a remarkable example of enterprise, we 
cannot help admiring the concord and the 
hearty local pride from which it springs." 

Another committee 
THE NEW 1 • 1 1 , • J 

which has achieved re- 
PLANTERS' HOUSE. , , , • „ 

inarkable success is the 

hotel committee, of which Mr. M. C. Wetmore is 
chairman. Authorized to offer a bonus of 
$100,000 for the erection of a fire-proof hotel on 
approved plans and on an acceptable site, at a 
cost of not less than $1,000,000, it proceeded at 
once to make its mission known and to invite 
offers from corporations and capitalists. Vari- 
ous propositions were made, but no actual 
advance was made until a number of local capi- 
talists, including several members of the asso- 
ciation, joined together, purchased the old 
Planters' House, removed the old structure and 
commenced the erection of a fire-proof hotel, 
which is now nearly completed and which can 
be described as one of the finest hotels in 
America, with an unlimited number of new 
ideas and improvements in it. One of the great 
events of 1894 will be the opening of this mag- 
nificent hostelry, which will cost by the time it 
is ready for opening nearly $2,000,000. It 
bears as little resemblance to the old Planters' 
House as New St. Louis does to Old St. Louis, 
and, indeed, the two buildings may well be 
taken as types of the correct thing forty years ago 
and now. The hotel fronts on Fourth street, 
and is bounded by Pine and Chestnut streets. 
It is ten full stories high, and its front is de- 
signed in the form of an inverted E, with two 
recessed courts so arranged that of the 400 



apartments nearly every one is a front room. 
The style of internal decorations is not finally 
settled, but it will be as fine as money can pro- 
cure; and the hotel will be a source of admira- 
tion not only in St. Louis, but through the 
entire West. Various names were suggested 
for the hotel when it was designed and while it 
was in course of erection. It has, however, 
been called, by general consent, the New Plant- 
ers' House, a name which it will probably re- 
tain, although it was at one time proposed to 
call it the Columbian Hotel, a name which 
would have been very appropriate and which 
would have served as a perpetual reminder of 
the date of the building's erection. This detail, 
however, is not of such great importance as the 
hotel itself, and, having got this latter, St. Louis 
is not worrying itself greatly over the minor 
question. 

The Autumnal Festivities Association was 
formed for three seasons, those of '91, '92 and 
'93, and while these pages are in press it is 
practically winding up its operation and termi- 
nating its work. In some shape or other it 
will, however, be perpetuated; for an associa- 
tion of a permanent character will certainly be 
formed during 1894 to carry on the work inau- 
gurated by the festivities association and to so 
large an extent successfully accomplished. 

One exceptionally useful influence of the asso- 
ciation will be found in the increased facilities 
it has provided for the accommodation of dele- 
gates to conventions. St. Louis has earned the 
title of the Carnival City of America in conse- 
quence of the lavish nature of its festivities and 
entertainments, and it has also long been known 
as the City of Conventions, because its phenom- 
enal hospitality and its exceptional railroad facil- 
ities have made it the most popular city in the 
country for the holding of conventions, political, 
social and commercial. As long ago as 18(i7 a 
Ri\-er Convention, with delegates from over 
twenty States and Territories, convened in the 
old Mercantile Library Hall, which was one of 
the largest public meeting places in the West. 
The convention laid the foundation for many im- 
provements which the Federal government has 



SOME AIDS ro PROGRESS. 



85 



bince carried out on the Mississippi river. Rail- 
road conventions of great importance, but less 
national in character, had been held before, but 
this gathering excited almost universal atten- 
tion. In the winter of 1872 a National Com- 
mercial Convention was held. In 1875 a Na- 
tional Railroads Convention was held, and many 
measures of imj^ortance decided upon. The un- 
varying success of the local entertainment com- 
mittees in making delegates comfortable resulted 
in a strong effort being made to secure the hold- 
ing of the Democratic Nominating Convention 
in St. Louis in 187G, and there was a general 
feeling of satisfaction when the telegraphic news 
announced that the Democrats proposed to nom- 
inate the next President of the United States 
here. The convention was held, and was a 
marked success, as was also the great River 
Convention of 1881. 

During the eighties 



THE GREAT 
CONVENTION YEARS. 



conventions followed each 
other in rapid succession. 
In 1885 a Cattle Convention of great importance 
was held, and 1886 and 1887 were the banner 
years of St. Louis in the matter of conventions. 
In the former year the physicians, photograph- 
ers and butchers of the United States met suc- 
cessively in annual convention in the Exposition 
Hall, and enjoyed not only satisfactory and well- 
attended business meetings, but a glorious time 
of recreation as well, the citizens never tiring of 
subscribing to entertainment funds. The con- 
vention boom of 1886 culminated in the Knights 
Templar Triennial Conclave, during which car- 
nival reigned supreme. An immediate outcome 
of the success of the 1886 convention season was 
the selection of St. Louis for the Grand Army 
Reunion in 1887. This was followed by a visit 
from President and Mrs. Cleveland, whose wel- 
come was one they will never forget. The fes- 
tivities were on a high order, and attracted 
enormous crowds. In 1888 the Democratic 
party held its Nominating Convention in the Ex- 
position Building, where the National Saenger- 
bund also met. 

Passing o\er several important gatherings, 
mention may be made of the grand Odd Fellows' 



Convention in 1891, which was a success beyond 
expectation. In 1892 the People's party held 
its organizing conference in the city, and during 
the same year an important Nicaragua Canal 
Convention was held. In 1893 the National 
Electric Light Association held its convention 
in the city, and the Exposition was besieged with 
applications for standing room to hear Nicola 
Tesla describe his trium^ihs over the mysteries 
of electricity. The furniture manufacturers, the 
saddlers, the florists, and the builders, as well as 
many other commercial organizations, met in 
convention in the city during the year, as did 
also an important monetary and trade convention 
of the Western States. During the fall the 
Autumnal Festivities Association also enter- 
tained the foreign commissioners to the World's 
Fair, and other delegations of importance were 
seen here. 

A history of St. Louis and its conventions 
alone could be written and provide material for 
a large volume. All that has been attempted is 
to show how thoroughly St. Louis is entitled to 
the name "Convention City," and how admira- 
bly it has learnt its lesson as to how to enter- 
tain. 

_„_ St. Louis holds 

THE . . . 

the record of ten 
TEN-TIMES SUCCESSFUL , 

consecutive annual 

EXPOSITION. .^. u t 

expositions, each of 

which has more than paid its own expenses. It 
had long been accepted as a proved fact that no 
city could maintain an exposition year after year 
successfully. Even London, by far the largest 
city in the world, and the first city in which an 
international exposition was ever held, has failed 
in more than one attempt to maintain a success- 
ful annual display of manufactured and artistic 
goods; and in nearly every large city in this 
country an exposition building, diverted from its 
original use to manufacturing or store-room 
purposes, stands out in bold relief in silent testi- 
mony to another failure. But in all the bright 
vocabulary of St. Louis, is no such word as 
"fail," and the Exposition has proved a success 
every year since it was first opened, namely, in 
1884. In 1883 a number of gentlemen m?t at 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



the Mercantile Club, and after talking over the 
possibility of erecting an exposition building and 
holding an annual exposition, decided to ignore 
the difficulties and make the attempt. The en- 
tire funds for the work were raised locally, and 
although the bulk of the money was subscribed 
in the fonn of stock, it is only just to the original 
investors to state that they had little or no hope 
of return, and were actuated more by a spirit of 
local pride and enthusiasm than a desire to ob- 
tain a good investment. The nominal cost of 
the Exposition Building, which was built during 
the years 1883-84 on a six-acre site on Olive 
and St. Charles streets, between Thirteenth and 
Fourteenth streets, was $750,000, but so much 
money has been spent in perfecting the structure 
that $1,000,000 should be named as the ap- 
proximate actual cost. The building is too well 
known to all St. Louis people to need a detailed 
description. The large music hall has 3,507 
numbered seats, and on special occasions will 
accommodate twice as many people. The space 
intended for general displays is very large and 
admirably arranged, and from the first the Ex- 
position was a success. 

It was opened in September, 1884, and during 
the season, which lasted six weeks, over 500,000 
people passed through the turnstiles. Every 
year it has repeated its triumph, and nearly 
6,000,000 people have paid admission fee since 
the first opening. For several years Patrick 
Sarsfield Gilmore and his famous band fur- 
nished the music every season. In 1892 Col. 
Gilmore commenced the season with his band of 
100 pieces, and just as he was enjoying the tri- 
umph of his life, that life ended with painful 
suddenness and the Exposition suffered severely 
in consequence. In 1893 John Phillip Sousa 
commenced a three-years' engagement with his 
unrivaled band, and during the season Madame 
Scalchi and other artists of international repute 
assisted in the concerts. The attendance in 
1893 far exceeded expectations. It had been 
feared that the competition of the World's Fair, 
added to the general financial depression, would 
have resulted in a serious falling off in attend- 
ance, and the loss on the season was debated 



very freely by those to whom ignorance is never 
bliss, but rather the reverse. Long before the 
close of the season it became evident that there 
would be a handsome surplus, and when the 
season closed there remained a profit consider- 
ably in excess of $25,000 — a wonderful achieve- 
ment when the exceptional difficulties of the 
year are taken into account. Twenty years 
hence the work of the Exposition management 
will be appreciated much more highly than it is 
to-day, but even now it is generally realized that 
the men who have made the Exposition a suc- 
cess and who have enabled the entire bonded 
indebtedness to be paid off, deser\-e the thanks 
of the entire city. The first president of the 
Exposition was Mr. Sam. M. Kennard, who 
bore the burden and heat of the day for nine 
years and then insisted on being allowed to 
retire. He was succeeded by Gov. E. O. 
Stanard, who gave to the duties of the office the 
careful attention which has marked his honored 
career. He in turn was succeeded late in 1893 
by Mr. T. B. Boyd. Too much credit cannot 
be given to General Manager Frank Gaiennie, 
whose success in 1893 must be regarded as phe- 
nomenal and by whose efforts some of the choic- 
est exhibits at the World's Fair have been 
secured for the local display of 1894 and 1895. 
This promises quite a change in the appearance 
of the Exposition next year; and in view of the 
enterprise of the management, there seems no 
reason to doubt that the St. Louis Exposition 
will continue year after year with unabated 
triumph. 

Although not what may be termed a New 
St. Louis institution, the St. Louis Agricultural 
and Mechanical Association deserves credit for the 
yeoman service it has rendered year after year. 
At one time the St. Louis Fair was one of the 
greatest events in the West, and although neither 
the city or country fair is the attraction it once 
was, the St. Louis Fair continues the greatest 
thing of its kind in the world. The build- 
ing of the new Jockey Club House, and the 
erection and opening of the new grand stand 
are more strictly of the newer order of things, 
and some very excellent racing has been seen in 



SOME A/nS TO PROGRESS. 



87 



St. Louis. The \'eiled Prophet has assisted the 
institution in a variety of ways, and has timed 
his visits so as to make them come in Fair week, 
or the first complete week of October. 

Tlie opening of the finest base-ball park in 
America in 1893 serves as a reminder of the 
fame St. L,ouis base-ball players have obtained. 
Although not now world's champions the 
"Browns" are still great ball players, and a 
third world's championship flag will in the near 
future float over Sportsman's Park. 

TRAFFIC COMMISSION . ^^^°^^ ^'"^^^>- ^°"""^'^- 
cial than these agencies 

are the Traffic Commis- 
SPANISH CLUB. ^.^^^ ^,^^ ^,^^ ^^^^^.^^ 

Club, already referred to. The Traffic Commis- 
sion, as at present organized, is a most useful 
bod\-, and it has done work for St. L,ouis com- 
merce which it would ha\e taken many years to 
accomplish by individual effort. It has insisted 
upon justice to the city in the matter of freight 
rates, ahd has succeeded in adjusting an im- 
mense number of irregularities and discrimina- 
tions against this city. By its aid hundreds of 
miles of territory have been added to the district 
easily accessible to St. Louis trade, and it is still 
continuing its good work in a variety of ways. 
The commission has permanent offices in the 
Equitable Building, and is under the active 
management of Traffic Commissioner Osgood, a 
railroad mau of unlimited experience and marked 
ability. 

The work of the Spanish Clul) has already 
been enlarged upon. It is an institution which 
has somewhat hid its light under a bushel in 
the past, and although it has increased railroad 
and river connection between St. Louis and 
Mexico, secured reduction in rates amounting to 
quite a substantial percentage, and more than 
doubled the trade between Mississippi and 
Spanish-American points, but a comparatively 
few people appreciate the extent of its work and 
its triumphs. The club has now handsome 
quarters in the Columbia Building. Its presi- 
dent is Mr. L. D. Kingsland, and its secretary Mr. 
S. L. Biggers, both of whom have traveled ex- 
tensively through Spanish-speaking countries. 



The assistant and acting secretary is Mr. Ber- 
nard Mackey, for many years in the consular 
service. 

The Citizens' Smoke Abatement Association 
is another organization designed to aid the trade 
as well as the salubrity of St. Louis. Nearly 
all the coal used for manufacturing purposes in 
St. Louis is bituminous, and the quantity of 
smoke sent out by the countless chimneys is 
very destructive to stocks of merchandise, in 
addition to being objectionable from both the 
standpoints of health and comfort. As the re- 
sult of prolonged agitation, the Citizens' Smoke 
Abatement Association was formed some two 
years ago. It has succeeded in obtaining legis- 
lation against the emission of smoke. An im- 
mense number of boiler-plant owners have co- 
operated with the association and abated the 
smoke without waiting for legal proceedings. 
Those who failed to fall in with the procession 
are now being proceeded against in the courts, 
and although in a manufacturing city like St. 
Louis there will always be a certain amount of 
smoke, the smoke nuisance will be so far re- 
duced as to be practically abated. 

During the last few 



THE MERCHANTS' 
EXCHANGE. 



months the Merchants' Ex- 
change has purchased the 
building, a portion of which it has occupied for 
several years. The Exchange is the successor 
of one of the oldest commercial institutions of 
the West. In l.s;>() a meeting of merchants 
and traders was held and the St. Louis Chamber 
of Commerce established. It did not resemble 
in any way our present Merchants' Exchange, 
being rather a large market and commission 
house, with arrangements for arbitration in dis- 
putes. In 1<S47 ground was purchased at the 
corner of Third and Chestnut streets for the 
purpose of erecting an exchange building, and 
in 184!» the Merchants' Exchange was estab- 
lished and carried on more or less in connection 
with the Chamber of Commerce. The Millers' 
Convention was formed shortly afterwards; and 
the ^Millers' Exchange, established at Nos. 9 
and 11 Locust street, was the first exchange in 
the United States established for the purpose of 



OLD AXD XF.W ST. LOUIS. 



bringing together bm-ers and sellers of grain. 
In 1855 a aioveme-nt was started whicb resulted 
in the erection of the Exchange Hall, on Main 
street, which for many years was the great cen- 
ter of trade in the city. During the war political 
differences led to the organization of the Union 
Merchants' Exchange, a name which was re- 
tained until 1875, when it was changed to the 
Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis, and all the 
organizations were practically amalgamated. 
In 1874 the corner-stone was laid for the present 
Chamber of Commerce, which still continues to 
be one of the finest exchanges of its character 
in America. The grand hall is 221 feet in 
length, 92 feet wide and 80 feet high. The 
ceiling is perhaps the most appropriate and 
handsome in the countr}\ It is finished in 
elaborate fresco work, with paintings in the 
panels. In their general details these are strik- 
ingly magnificent. The north panel is conspic- 
uous for its characteristic types of England, 
(lermany, Italy, France, Scotland and other 
nations of the Old World in the central group, 
with others surrounding. The southern panel has 
types of Asiatic and African countries, and on 
the cornice are the States of the Union, desig- 
nated by name. 

The Exchange membership includes some 
three thousand of the leading men of the city. 
The first president of the Chamber of Commerce 
was Mr. Edward Tracy. He was succeeded by 
Messrs. Wa}-man Crow, George K. McGunnegle, 
W. N. Morrison, Alfred Vincent, R. M. Henning, 
Henry. Ames, E. M. Ryland, R. M. Funk- 
liouser, D. A. January and William Mathews. 
The following gentlemen have served as presi- 
dents of the Merchants' Exchano-e: 



18G2 Henry J. RIoore. 

1863 GKORC.E rAKTKIDGI 

1864' Thomas Richeson. 
186.5 Barton Able. 

1866 E. O. Stanard. 

1867 C. L. Tucker. 

1868 John J. Roe. 

1869 George p. Plant. 
1S70 Wm. J. Lewis. 

1871 Gerard B. Allen. 

1872 R. P. Tansey. 

1873 Wm. H. Scudder. 

1874 Web. M. Samuel. 

1875 D. P. Rowland. 

1876 Nathan Cole. 

1877 John A. Scudder. 



1878 George Bain. 

1879 John Wahl. 

1880 Alex. H. Smith. 
1S81 Michael McEnnis. 

1882 Chas. E. Slayback. 

1883 J. C. EwALD. 
18S4 D. R. Francis. 

1885 Henry C. Haarstick. 

1886 S. W. Cobb. 

1887 Frank Gaiennie. 
18S8 Chas. F. Orthwein. 

1889 Chas. A. Cox. 

1890 John W. Kauffman. 
181)1 Marcus Bernheijier. 
ls9-i Isaac M. Mason. 
1S93 W. T. Anderson. 



Mr. George H. Morgan has been secretarv- and 
treasurer since the year 18G5. 

The Builders' Exchange is the successor of 
the Mechanics' Exchange, another institution 
which has done good service in concentrating 
and developing the trade and commerce of St. 
Louis. It was originally organized in 1839; it 
was reorganized on a wider basis, under the 
name of the Mechanics' and Manufacturers' 
Exchange and Library Association of St. Louis, 
in 1852. In 1856 there was another reorgani- 
zation, and the exchange was established very 
much on the basis on which it exists to-day. 
In 1879 its headquarters were at 10(j North 
Fourth street, and later its headquarters were 
on Seventh street, between Chestnut and Market. 
Upwards of a year ago, it moved into elegant 
offices in the Telephone Building, where it con- 
tinues to exercise a most beneficent influence 
on the Ijuikling and kindred trades and interests 
of the city. It is universally regarded as one of 
the permanent institutions of the city of St. 
Louis, and is devoted to the building and ma- 
terial interests of the city, affording an oppor- 
tunity to its members and all engaged in the 
building business to enjoy the great advantage 
of having a meeting place in the central part of 
the city for the consideration of questions of 
importance relating to trade matters, lettings, 
and so forth. The hall is so large that it is 
used for conventions and similar gatherings. 
Mr. Richard Walsh is the secretary, and the 
1893 president is Mr. W^m. J. Baker. 

The limits of space forbid a detailed history 
of the Real Estate Exchange, Coal Exchange, 
Brewers' Association, the Associated Wholesale 
Grocers of St. Louis, the Retail Grocers' Asso- 
ciation, the Furniture Board of Trade, of which 
mention has already been made; the Cotton Ex- 
change, the W^ool and Fur Association, the Live 
Stock Exchange, the newly-formed Wholesale 
Clothing Association, and of the other organiza- 
tions designed to aid the city's commerce in 
various directions. St. Louis is fortunate in both 
the number and extent of these associations, and 
the influence of their work has been felt in a 
large variety of ways. 



FINANCE AND BANKING. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

FINANCE AND BANKING. 



NEW ST. LOUIS AN IMPORTANT FINANCIAL CENTER.-BANK CLEARINGS.-TRUST COMPANIES 
AND BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS. 



E HAVE ALREADY seen that St. 
Louis is the great manufacturing and 
commercial center of a district even 
larger than that which is generally 
described as the Mississippi Valley. 
It is equally true that St. Louis is 
the great financial center of a district almost as 
large. The banks of St. Louis are known 
throughout the entire countr}- for their solidity 
and for the conservative policy which has char- 
acterized their management. The year 1893 
was a peculiarly trying one for banks, and from 
ever}' large city in the Union there came reports 
of distrust and uneasiness, followed, in very 
many cases, by records of actual suspension. 
None of the cities of the first class went through 
the ordeal entirely scathless, with the single 
exception of St. Louis, where there was not a 
single bank failure, nor even a suspicion of 
insolvency. Had it not been for the reports 
telegraphed from other cities, and the doleful 
forecasts of impending national calamity, St. 
Louis would have gone through the year with- 
out any knowledge of the panic, and its financial 
institutions would have done their ordinary bus- 
iness just as if it had been a great boom year. 
As it was, the reports of disasters elsewhere 
naturally led to timid depositors withdrawing 
money from the banks, but thanks to the solid 
rock foundation of these institutions, the with- 
drawals did not cause them any alann, and, al- 
though the reduction in the amount of loanable 
capital necessarily hampered commercial prog- 
ress, all demands were promptly met; and it was 
proved that, with all its energy and enterprise, 



New St. Louis is just as solid and substantial as 
the unduly conservative Old St. Louis used to be. ' 

The history of banking institutions in St. Louis 
need not be traced at any great length in this 
work. In 181G the Missouri Gazette wrote on 
"the opulent town of St. Louis, with a capital 
of nearly $1,000,000," but went on to complain 
that there was no bank in the city to foster 
business, although the territorial legislature had 
granted a charter for one three years before. 
The banks of St. Louis and of Missouri, to which 
reference has already been made, were estab- 
lished soon after this, and the use of peltrj' and 
hides in place of money began to die out. The 
Bank of the State of Missouri appears to have done 
the bulk of th^ banking business for some time 
after this, and in November, 1829, this institu- 
tion, in consequence of the suspension of a num- 
ber of eastern banks, passed a resolution that in 
the future it would receive and pay only its own 
notes and specie on the notes of specie-paying 
banks. Something of a local panic followed, and 
on November 13tli a meeting was held to take 
into consideration the action of the bank. A 
mimber of the prominent capitalists of the city, 
including George Collier, E. Tracy, Pierre 
Chouteau, John Walsh, William Glasgow, John 
Pern,-, Henry Von Phul, John Kerr, G. K. 
McGunnegle, Joseph C. Leveille and John 
O'Fallon, with great public spirit pledged them- 
selves to indemnify the bank against any loss it 
might sustain by the depreciation in notes. The 
offer was somewhat discourteously declined, and 
as a result the Bank of the State of Missouri was 
practically boycotted, and the St. Louis Gas 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Light and the various insurance companies 
transacted most of the banking business. 

Private banking houses sprang into existence 
about this time, and the financial troubles of 
1853 and 1854 were reflected on this city. In 
January, 1855, there was a run on several private 
banks and some of a more public character; but 
once more the public-spirited men of St. Louis 
came forward and checked the run by guarantee- 
ing deposits in the banking houses of Lucas & 
Simonds, Bogy, Miltenberg & Company, Tesson 
& Dangen, L. A. Benoist & Company, J. J. 
Anderson & Company, Darby & Barksdale and 
the Boatmen's Savings Institution. The panic 
was at an end and business was resumed as be- 
fore. In 1857 there was a renewal of trouble, 
but once more it was met in the same generous- 
hearted manner. After the war the banking 
institutions of St. Louis gathered strength, and 
until the panic of l>i7;> the local financial needs 
were well met. In that year $300,000 of 
" brown-backs " were issued. They took their 
name from the fact that owing to the dearth of 
currency, Mayor Brown recommended the Coun- 
cil to issue warrants to the extent of $300,000. 
The proposition was accepted and the warrants 
or notes issued. The financial transaction was 
a unique one, and served its purpose remarkably 
well. Confidence was restored, and although 
there was further difficulty in 1887, that year 
may be named as the last in which there was 
any serious troul)le with St. Louis banks. 

Earlv in the year 1887 



ST. LOUIS A CENTRAL 
RESERVE CITY. 



St. Louis was made a 
central reser\-e city and 
a depositary for national banks of other cities. 
This recognition by the Federal government of 
the importance of St. Louis as a financial cen- 
ter has had the effect of making St. Louis ex- 
change used much more generally throughout 
the entire West and Southwest, and a very much 
larger number of banks in other cities have in- 
cluded St. Louis financial institutions in their 
lists of correspondents. Several of the largest 
firms have still further emphasized the impor- 
tance of St. Louis by remitting their personal 
checks on city banks for the payment of ac- 



counts due in other cities. This practice has 
not yet become as general as it ought to be, and 
efforts have been made during the last two or 
three years to make the practice universal. 
Some firms still adhere to the old practice of pur- 
chasing exchange on New York and remitting 
the same in payment of accounts, a practice 
which involves a loss in illegitimate bank clear- 
ings of several millions per month. 

A large majority of the city banks favor the 
remitting of personal checks in preference to 
the purchase of exchange, and their influence is 
being gradually made perceptible in the riglit 
direction. In the days of Old St. Louis it was 
quite a usual practice for large firms to keep a 
banking account in New York, and to pay all 
eastern accounts by checks drawn on their New 
York banks. This plan is obviously unjust to a 
city of the magnitude of St. Louis, and, although 
it will take several years to make the remission 
of vSt. Louis checks to all outside points general, 
it is gratifying to know that very few firms now 
adhere to the plan of checking on New York 
instead of on banks of their own city. Consid- 
ering the high financial standing of St. Louis 
banks and the central location of the city, St. 
Louis checks ought to be accepted at par in all 
parts of the country, and they are done so when 
any attempt is made to insist. 

Only once has New St. Louis seen a bank fail- 
ure. That was eight years ago, and was the 
result of a personal breach of trust, and not of 
commercial or financial depression. The last 
statement as to banks and banking capital in 
Old St. Louis shows that the capital and surplus 
was $13,492,9()-1; the savings and time deposits, 
$8,901,522; the current deposits, $32,827,489, 
and the circulation, $632,850. This was in 
1882, and at the present time the banking busi- 
ness of the city has gained such proportions that 
the capital of the national banks alone exceeds 
$2(5,000,000; the surplus and profits, $3,000,000, 
and the loans and discounts, $23,000,000. The 
following official statement of the twenty-six 
leading St. Louis banks, is one of which the 
city is naturally proud, and it shows very clearly 
the financial solidity of New St. Louis: 



FINANCE AND BANKING. 



91 



OFFICIAL STATEAIENT OF THE TWENTY-SIX LEADING ST. LOUIS BANKS. 

RESOURCES. 



nk of Commerce 

itmen's 

arth Natioual 
itiueutal Nat'l 
,te Bank 
Louis Natioual 
rman Savings 

chanics' 

nmercial 

:lede Natioual 

ird National 

rman-American 



rchants' Nat'l 

iayette 

1. Exchange 

rthwestern 
t.B.of Republic 

:men 

llanphy 
smical National 

ernational 

izens' 

ith Side 
ithern Coinl 
ferson 



i^l, 499, 834.30 
1,124,463.89 
971,840.56 
938,732.01 
767,174.68 
591,333.88 
365,262.70 
695,871.13 
1,050,234.63 
545,478,65 
430,001.64 
567,324.95 
294,702.05 
522,275.47 
310,846.93 
183,691.91 
86,344.60 
2.'i3, 519.29 



-J SiJ.'Or^ is: ^•.■,S1 (.06S. 



69, 



1.45 



80,518.10 
130,599.73 
138,265.30 
219,601.25 
140,483.39 
12,192 95 
37,143.65 



1^7,645.34 
748,3.00.84 
398,865.11 
501,649.90 
3J9, 782.42 
410,756.88 
332,629.92 
259,664.55 
181,108.27 
197,538.90 
209,344.09 

161,661 no 



14.">. ir,;i.2'.i 
33,306.7(1 
9S,535.9.T 
36,220.15 
66,614.3 
92,015.38 
21,729.67 
4,160.42 



3,2i;(),664.(J4 

2,675,369.12 

2,745,923.50 

2.659,568.56 

2,171,975.86 

2,370,824 

2,091,922.00 

1,651,002.83 

1,625,649.52 

1,934,707.56 

1,715,367.17 

1,643,539.27 

1.120,462.51 

1,1144,564.58 

6;U, 123.06 

82.-1,103.15 

796,249 

589,943.72 

514.212.46 

441,790, 

205,314. 

121,190.05 



724,071.37 
259,050.24 
664,610.00 
508,703.79 
286.327.73 

56,000.00 

490,000.00 

3,523.00 

4,977.10 

69,500.00 

94,612 50l 
480,200.00 
654,630.00 

58,000.00 

224,300.00 

3,200.00 

352,127.68 

60,850.00 
265,500.00 
154,513.24 

57,000.00 

64,289.04 

5,825.92 

113,386.00 

5.797.77 



530,000.00 % 

508,321.1 
20,237.65 
50,000.00 
44,269.91 

211,000.00 
63,131.37. 



50,663.97 
180,000.00 

30,000.00 
134,000.00 



500.00. 



17,500.00 
19,000.00 
37,831.46 
10,000.00 
59,789.62 
9,879.94 
3,800 00 
10,774.48 
1,900.00 



1.120.10 
3,929.08 
1,108.49 
5,8S2.80 

536.72 
2,830.91 
1,486.42 
5,329.80 
10,474.22 
1,315.10 

394.46 

567.54 
2,316.80 
3,328.66 

278.. 54 
2,062.41 
1,906.02 

406.9 
2,235.1 



iOfi-O (-22,489.46 
;><:. 7 '.Ml 200.08 
1.- .■.•-'77,435.54 
■•.i-l, .Vi'.MJ, 952.44 
..2.SI 4,002,206.98 
4,310,076.25 
4,068,264.57 
3,861,732.69 
3,560,899.09 
3.473,195.75 
3,135,048.86 
2,988,729.05 
2,892,920.75 
2,737,760.65 
2,465,687.99 
2.002,693.04 
l,(i89,520.47 
1,600,343.66 
1,190,923.34 
1,133,589.45 
1,095,945.12 
888,786.37 
818,196.35 
793,381.02 
256,216.59 
166,629.31 



LI.A.BILITIES. 



U.\XK. 


Capital. 


Surplus 
and Profits. 


Circulation. 


Individual 
Deposits. 


Hank 
Deposits. 


Time 
Deposits. 


Bills 
Payable. 


Totals. 


ik of Commerce 


|3.000,000.0o'i; 884,604.10 


% 45,000.00 


P,032, 192.97 


fl, 578,014.63 


% 882,667.761; 


19,422,489.46 


Itmen's 


2,000.000.00 


541,535.60 




3.012,400.10 


865 475.(1(1 


1,921. 797. 72 


7,941,200.08 


urth National 


1 ,000,000.00 


848,179. 2S 


.15,(100 (Ml 


1.7s7.1.-)4.0-l 


1,1.^3,021.:!! 


:!0:|.170 82 50.000.00 


5,277,435..54 


Itiueutal Nat'l 


2,000,000.00 


2o9,8S3.-J(i 




1 ,i')'Jt,."i77.iH 


l,l:i:;,iiM.M 


1:; 1,407, 10 


5,196,952.44 


te Bauk 


650,000.00 


1,197,089.44 




■2,osi,:;o.-,.7i 


2:1:!. 2M .'■'■ 


8'ji,.-.:;o.ii 


4,552.206.98 


Louis Natioual 


1,000,000.00 


190,212.43 


45.001100 


i,:;i.". io:;.7o 


l..-.',ii;,2.;:i,l7 


163. 190.69 


4.310,076.25 


rman Savings 


250,000.00 


.524,511.87 




i,.-.i.-..77i; ^1 




1,52S,843.32| 218,-545 82 


4,068,264.57 


chanics- 


600,000.00 


688,200.91 




1,71.-.. 7:1:; M 


:;i;i,2i;;ms 


402,128.08 64,340.41 


3,861,732.69 


tumercial 


500,000.00 


530,219.79 





•J, 20-_>. 07-1.(17 


:;i i.o::i.74 


15,770.49' 


3,560,899.09 


:lede Natioual 


1,000,000.00 


194,711.75 


45,00().0( 


l.4m,i:i4.:i!i 


745, 093. lis 


86,3.50.28 


3,473,195.75 


rd National... 


1,000,000.00 


330.987.82 


45,O0O.OC 


1,045,055.27 


714,005.77 




3,135,048.86 


rman-American 


150,000.0(1 


661,019.38 




1,394,191.49 


137.085.75 


646.482.48 


2,988,729.05 


nklin 


200,000.00 


462,931.61 




1,037,768.63 


216,781.45 


975.480.01; 


2,892,920.75 


rchants' Nat'l 


700,000.00 


246,972.51 


45,000.00 


1,064,005.75 


475,241.28 


206.541.11 


2,737,760.65 


avette 


100,000.0c 


251,284.69 




957,325.52 


3.918.01 


l,153.3r,0.77 


2,465,687.99 


. Exchange 


500,000. Of 


.357,738.61 




798 090.16 


184,152.81 


92,7rr2.i;7 »lO,'.i.-,s.79 


2,002,693.04 




100.000. DC 


1X4,099 .'-in 




414,822 85 




1,040.507. 711 


1,689,520.47 


t.B.of Republic 


5oo.no(Mii 


21 li-j ^r, 


1.-., 000.00 


443,197.04 


503,411.11 


84,202.6.-, 


1,600..34366 


men 


lOO.Oiiii.iii 


I:i7 (iiMiiHi 




402,521.75 




551, 401.. -,0 


1.190,923.34 


llanphy 


100,(1(111.111 


li,ll,,ss.-,.',i.s 




334.220.24 


9,374.43 


529,1 OS. ^4 


1,133,589.45 


emical Nat'l 


500,000.00 


:s6,2.N.s.ys 


45,0O0.0C 


344,345.80 


90,669.33 


79,642.01 


1,095.945.12 














203 008 02 


888,786.37 


izens' 


200,000.00 


71 665 38 




415 230 67 


10 783 35 


120 510 0.-| 


818,196.35 




300,000.00 
100,000.00 


35,323.13 
14,069..33 




306,311.61 
91,034.38 






793,381.02 
256,216.59 


iithern Com'l 






51,112.881 


erson 


100,000.00 


3,239.65 




59,550.56 




3 833 101 6.59 


106,629.31 















92 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



It is universally conceded by experts that the 
St. Louis banks keep themselves in an excep- 
tionally solid position. The statement on the 
preceding page was prepared during the financial 
depression, and shows the institutions at their 
worst, instead of their best. Yet, the available 
funds for the surplus reserve averaged forty to 
forty-four per cent, as compared with less than 
twenty-five per cent in New York, and similar 
percentages elsewhere. The number of banks 
in St. Louis does not increase rapidly, but it is 
observed that those already in operation increase 
their facilities for doing business steadily, and 
one after the other they secure more handsome, 
commodious premises for the transaction of their 
business. Some of the most desirable corners 
in the city are now occupied by banks, and dur- 
ing the last few months several important 
changes of location have taken place. 

In addition to banks proper, St. Louis has 
three \ery large trust companies, which are 
transacting a banking business of great impor- 
tance, as well as acting as trustees and execu- 
tors' and filling in many other ways a want long 
felt in financial circles. These institutions do 
not at present make use of the Clearing House 
directly in their transactions, and hence the 
blisihess of that institution is not increased to 
the extent that the biisiness done would appear 
to indicate. This last-named institution was 
organized in 18()8, and has continued without 
interruption since. The first president was 
Mr. W. E. Burr, president of the St. Louis Na- 
tional Bank, who was succeeded in lK7;-> by 
Mr. Charles Parsons. In the same year Mr. 
Edward Chase became manager, and for the 
last twenty years he has conducted the vast 
transactions of the Clearing House A.ssociation 
with marked ability. In 187.') an amendment 
was made to the constitution making the mini- 
mum capital of meml)ers $ir)0,()00, a conserva- 
tive policy which is still maintained. 

As already mentioned, the returns of the St. 
Louis Clearing House do not adequately repre- 
sent the financial transactions of the city. This 
is largely because of the comparative diminutive 
amount of speculation and dealing in o])tions 



in St. Louis as compared with other more reck- 
less centers. There is also an absence of any 
attempt here to make the figures better than 
they really are. Thus, in some centers checks 
are issued with the endorsement that they are 
payable only through the clearing house, and 
hence all purely local transactions become added 
to the total. Also, in St. Louis it is the almost 
invariable practice to pay wages in cash and 
not by means of checks, as is a common prac- 
tice in many industrial centers. In addition to 
this, it is the practice of the St. Louis banks to 
pay their daily balances to each other in cur- 
rency. In many cities the certificate given by 
the Clearing House to banks, showing the 
amount coming to them on the balances from 
otlier banks, are treated as checks and cleared 
th.e following day, so that the amount of the 
balances of one day is added to the total clear- 
ings of the next. It is really a question of 
arithmetic and book-keeping only, but the sub- 
ject is worthy of mention, because it is impor- 
tant St. Louis people should realize that every 
dollar returned as being cleared represents that 
amount of actual business. 

In spite of this strictly conservative policy, 
the bank clearings of New St. Louis have 
steadily increased. They averaged consideralSly 
less than 1(50, 000, OOO a month when the change 
from the old to the new took place. In 188() 
they averaged a little less than $70,000,000 a 
month, from which year they gradually increased 
until the year 18'.)2, when they averaged a trifle 
over $100, OOO, 000 per month. The year 1893 
opened u]) most auspiciously in the matter of 
banking business. December, 18112, had broken 
the record in the bank clearings, with a gain of 
§7,000,000 over the preceding year; the re- 
turns for the first month of the new year were 
$1(;,000,000 larger than the preceding January, 
and the returns for the first, quarter were very 
largely in excess of the corresponding period of 
any preceding year, being more than forty-five 
per cent greater than 188(5. 

The table on page !K-i shows the bank clear- 
ings for the current \-ear, and for the se\en pre- 
ceding years. 



FINANCE AND BANKING. 
BANK CLEARANCES. 



93 



fanuary $ 65,215,966 # 71,441,522 

February 56,865,185 64,016,573 

March 62,407,170 75,820,934 

\pril I 63,523,300 73,77 

Vlay ! 70,800, 

uue ' 62,760, 

'uly ; 74,369,918 74,-J-jr.in;'.i 

\ugust ; 70,449,4)1' 77, (HIT, i:;:; 

September i 71,543,6i"i 7 1,.".:;7,1M)7 

Dctober ' 69,822,! (;.■"! 7 l.s.'i.'i.djii 

STovember , .. 68,376,951, 72,7.J7,i;i)tJ 

December ..:. ■74,660,537 80,500,9(n 



73,489, 
73,682, 
75,1S6, 



84,199 
72,500 



f810,7 



A most pfratifying event of the last four or five 
(^ears is the increased standing of vSt. Ivouis as 
I money center. The stability of rates in .St. 
[vouis has attracted general attention. Manu- 
'acturing establishments in search of locations 
lave been largely indnced to locate here because 
)f the certainty of obtaining accommodations 
s'hen required. More than that, the city's loan- 
ng business has extended over a much larger 
territory. Boston has for years advanced money 
or enterprises throughout the entirecountry , and 
5t. Louis recognizes with gratitude the assistance 
he great New England town has rendered many 
)f its valuable enterprises. Now St. Louis is in 
he habit of accommodating not only western 
md southwestern cities, but also many of the 
arge ea.stern cities to which we used to look in 
/ears gone by. During the year lfS!i2 this busi- 
icss gained ven,' rapidly. During the prepara- 
ions for the World's Fair a very large amount of 
nouey was taken out of St. Louis for the pur- 
pose, and more recently loans of large amounts 
lave gone to Denver, Kan.sas City, Dallas, Gal- 
veston and other western and southern centers. 

As a very powerful lever in raising New St. 
L,ouis to its present position .socially, commcr- 
:ia]ly and financially, the building and loan 
is.sociations deserve special notice. Philadel- 
phia used to claim a monopoly of the distinction 
)f being a city of homes. New St. Louis com- 
petes with it for a right to llic name, and it 
s probable that the percentage of inhabitants 
)wning their own homes is now fully as large 



94,715,140 5 97 

83,143,841 1 82 

87,2311,7901 89 

9:!,.ir..-,,n:;(;' 89 

iiii),:i-j:,,«;iL' 90, 

iii>, ■-'.-.(>, f,:;!; 87, 

:•:;, 910,90:; 9.5, 



,620,745 
,018,043 
,648,649 
.499,582 
605,844 
120,315 
688,688 
504,202 
411,603 
433,739 
808,462 
239,721 



118,573,21051,139,599,57 



88,342,008 


97 


93,532,926 


97 


99,714,641 


104 


94,534,031 


97 


97,781,118 


110 



$ 98.855,240 
97,370,011 
99,186,662 
103,381,629 
94,098.041 
99,575,49,S 
100,027,298 
105,289,1.30 
101,702,686 
106,999,568 
108,090,990 
117,6612,598 

11,231,571,963 



114,721,817 
93,519,692 
108.371,973 
107,761.079 
109, 1.51, L'9i; 
95,321,-.':il 
82,n9(1.4Hl 
68.7)4,079 
7.5,437, 70r. 
86,439.6.52 
96,174,462 



in the metropolis of the West and Southwest as 
in the City of Brotherly Love. It was the build- 
ing associations that helped thousands of Phila- 
delphians to become home-owners, and it is the 
same agency that has reduced the ranks of the 
renters and increased the number of owners in 
this favored city. It is unnecessary to devote 
space to the origin of building associations in 
St. Louis. Some that were established during 
the last years of Old St. Louis have recently ac- 
complished their pur])ose, furnished a home to 
each member who persevered in his effort to ob- 
tain one, and more than kept faith with their 
original members. It was not, however, until 
New St. Louis had been thoroughly established, 
and the new order of things had become gener- 
ally accepted, that the number of building asso- 
ciations became large enough to exert any very 
important innncnce upon the growth and devel- 
opment of the city. During the years 1H8(), 
l'S«7 and 18«S,as.sociations were started in large 
numbers, and a great majority of them have done 
magnificent work, both for their members and 
for the city. Some of the more recent ones 
formed have fallen into the error of promising 
rather more than they can po.ssibly fulfill, but 
they ha\e, by the reduction of their charges, 
made home-buying exceedingly easy, and to 
their influence may be attributed the trausfor- 
uiatic^n of se\-eral districts within the city, limits 
and out in the country to settlements of com- 
fortable homes and substantial, if not costly, 
houses. 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



CHAPTBR IX. 

BUILDING IMPROVEMENTS. 

ONE HUNDRED MILES OF STREET FRONTAGE BUILT UPON IN THREE YEARS.-HISTORY OF 

THE FIRE-PROOF OFFICE-BUILDING ERA— INVESTMENTS IN IMPROVEMENTS 

AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON VALUES. 




INDENTION HAS already been made of 
the influence of rapid transit and of 
building associations in increasing 
the area of the residence sections of 
St. Louis, and although it is proba- 
ble that the street railroads are en- 
titled to the bulk of the credit, it is certain that 
the expansion of the city's financial institutions 
and the general work of the building associa- 
tions have given to the building industry an im- 
petus during the last five or six years which has 
been much too general and far-reaching in its 
character and operation to be described as a 
"boom." The year 18Jt2 was the banner year of 
St. Louis' building, for during it the enormous 
Slim of $20,000,000 was expended on buildings 
actually completed, to say nothing of those in 
course of construction on January 1, 1893. The 
total number of building permits issued during 
the year was 5,497, and as evidence of the char- 
acter of the improvements it may be mentioned 
that only twenty per cent of the permits were 
for frame buildings. The nominal value of the 
improvements, as shown by the building com- 
missioner's book, was about $17,000,000, but 
this is no criterion of actual value because of the 
invariable undervaluation. In St. Louis the cost 
of a permit to build is calculated upon a percent- 
age of the alleged value of the proposed building, 
and the habit of underestimating is a natural 
result of this rather inconsistent rule. It is 
probable that the sale-price of the buildings 
authorized to be erected during 1892 was 



S2.'), 000, 000, so that the estimate of $20,000,(10(1 
actually expended on completed stnictures i-s 
quite a reasonable one. The lot frontage covered 
by new buildings in 1892 was 201,440 feet, 
equivalent to a single row of buildings thirty- 
niue miles long. This means that thirty-nine 
miles of street frontage was actually built upon, 
and the effect of the change on the aspect of the 
city can easily be appreciated even by those whc 
have not been fortunate enough to go over th« 
ground for themselves. The lot frontage coverec 
in 1891 was thirty miles, and that of 1890 was 
nearly as great, so that during the three season; 
the mileage of built-up streets in St. Louis was 
increased nearly 100 miles, an achievement o 
which the city is naturally proud and which il 
will be hard for any other city to duplicate. 

To grasp the real import of these astound- 
ing totals, it should be remembered that th( 
aggregate value of the buildings authorized tc 
be erected in 1878 was $2,432,5(i8, and even ir 
1882 the total was only $6, 163,. 545. Aftei 
this the influence of improved streets, rapic 
transit, building associations, and New St. Loui; 
ideas generally began to be more apparent, anc 
in 1889 the aggregate values mentioned in tht 
building permits ran into eight figures. Since 
that time the increase has been- very rapid, thf 
total being nearly $14,000,000 in 1891, nearh 
$17,000,000 in 1892, and close upon $9,000,00( 
for the first six months of 1893. The value; 
given as rough — and it maybe added parenthet- 
ically, carefully uudercalculated — estimates bj 



BUILDING IMPRO VEMENTS. 



95 



lie projectors of new bnildincrs on applyint^ for 
sennits during the actual life of New St. Louis 
;xceed in the aggregate $120,000,000, and it is 
)elieved by competent valuers that the buildings 
irected under these permits have cost at least 
!2U0,000,000. Little wonder, under these cir- 
:umstaiices, that the appearance of New St. Louis 
if 1893 is entirely different from that of Old 
5t. Louis in 1883. 

Many old buildings of 
considerable value have 
been removed to make 



RAPID INCREASE 
IN VALUE OF 



TAXABLE PROPERTY. ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ 

lence the increase in the assessed valuation is 
lot quite so large. But since 1878 the total has 
bout doubled. The 1894 valuation will cer- 
ainly exceed $300,000,000, as compared with 
i245",000,000 in 1890, and $1(55,000,000 in 1880. 
riie city comptroller estimated the value of the 
ity's real estate in 1890 at $141,000,000 more 
ban the assessed valuation, and the estimate 
I'as a conservative one. Upon this basis the 
alue of the real estate in the city is now nearly, 
f not quite, 1400,000,000, while it is doubtful if 
hat sum would purchase nearly all the realty in 
)t. Louis. These figures are too large to be easily 
Tasjjed, but they show as no argument could 
demonstrate, how stupendous has been the city's 
luilding growth since its second birth. 

Reverting to the character of buildings, it 
nay be mentioned that the number of new 
tructures erected in 1890, 1891 and 1892 was 
bout 14,500, of which only 4,000 were frame, 
rhe percentage of frame houses to brick has 
leen gradually decreasing. In the eighties 
bout one-third of the new buildings were con- 
tructed of lumber, as compared with little more 
ban a fifth at the present time. 

The immense number of buildings constructed 
ince the census was taken is of special interest 
,s bearing upon the question of population, and 
iistifies the claim made by directory publishers 
nd canvassers, that the number of inhabitants 
las increased much more rapidly during the last 
hree years than during any corresponding 
)eriod of time in the history of St. Louis. Be- 
ides the activity in the erection of new build- 



ings, great enterprise has been shown in the 
improvement and enlarging of existing struct- 
ures. The real estate sales for the year 1892 
reached, as shown in the records, a total of 
$62,000,000, or a great deal more than 
$1,000,000 a week. Upwards of 40,000 deeds 
were filed at the office of the recorder of deeds 
during the year, and nearly 8,000 deeds of trust 
were released. During the same year 120,000 
feet of land was subdivided, but the subdivision 
did not keep pace with the building, and as a 
result there were seven miles less of unbuilt-up 
streets at the end of the year than at the com- 
mencement. Acre property within the cit>- 
liniits is getting very scarce, and the demand 
for residence property has grown so rapidly that 
values do not compare at all with those of a few 
years ago. The extreme western district is now 
very largely built up, and the price at which 
lots are held is restricting improvements to those 
of a very costly character. In the extreme 
northwest, the extension of the Benton-Bellefon- 
taine road and its equipment of electricity, to- 
gether with the construction of the Belt Railroad 
has caused an awakening, and the sales in this 
section have been very large in consequence. A 
number of New St. Louis men have made their 
homes in the extreme south of the city, where 
building has been carried on with great activity 
and where the vacant lots are becoming more 
and more scarce. 

Another characteristic of the new buildings, 
in addition to the more general use of brick and 
stone, is the improved architectural excellence 
and the increased value generally. In the resi- 
dence portions of the city, which were more 
especially referred to in the opening remarks 
of this chapter, the change is remarkable. 
About eighteen months ago a large delegation 
from the National Press Association was enter- 
tained in St. Louis, and the visitors were driven 
over the city in carriages placed at their dis- 
posal. They were not asked their opinions as 
to the city, but voluntarily expressed them; and 
the sentiment was unanimous that in no part of 
the world were so large a luiiulier of architect- 
ural styles represented as in St. Louis. Coming 



96 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



BIRTH OF THE 
LOFTY OFFICE-BUILDING ERA. 



from men and women who liave traveled from 
Maine to California, and many of them from 
New York to London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna 
and Florence, an expression of opinion of this 
kind naturally has weight; and when one of the 
most inveterate Bohemians in the crowd said 
that there was more home-pride in St. Louis 
than in any other city he had visited, the senti- 
ment was warmly applauded by his companions 
and appreciated by his hearers. The greatest 
ambition of a successful St. Louis manufacturer, 
merchant or professional man seems to be to 
build for himself a palatial home and to sur- 
round it with all the luxury and beauty which 
money can procure. 

"Ground costs 
money and air 
does not," re- 
marked Jay Gould on one occasion when dis- 
cussing the number of stories of which buildings 
should be composed. Old St. Louis did not 
appreciate the importance of this fact, and the 
buildings in the city were seldom more than six 
stories high, and very frequently only four or 
five. New St. Louis, on the other hand, has 
made high buildings a specialty, and although 
sky-scrapers twenty stories high have not found 
favor here, the most popular office-buildings are 
those which vary in height from ten to fourteen 
stories. Both types of St. Louis are still repre- 
sented in its commercial and professional build- 
ings. In the extreme eastern section of the 
business quarter, where at one time all the im- 
portant transactions of the " Future Great" were 
planned and carried out, there are still to be 
found a number of substantial buildings four or 
six stories high with few, if any, modern con- 
veniences, with slow elevator service and with 
a minimum of light. Many of these buildings 
are still in good order, and hence the old-style 
office-building dies hard, although the competi- 
tion of the new t}-pe of building is felt very 
keenly. 

Ten years ago this old-style office-building 
was regarded as the correct thing, although in 
other cities the theory which Jay Gould subse- 
quently expressed so concisely had been ap- 



preciated and the air was being encroached upoi 
with considerable rapidity. Now, however 
New St. Louis is represented by more that 
twenty office-buildings of absolutely the firs 
class, and these are not surpassed in any othe: 
city, although, as already mentioned, extreme: 
of height such as are found in Chicago or New 
York have not been attempted here. In addi 
tion to the score of buildings specially deserving 
mention as types of the New St. Louis idea 
there are others of recent construction almost a; 
magnificent and embracing every improvemeu 
calculated to increase the capacity of the struct- 
ures and the convenience of the tenants. Ai 
excellent municipal ordinance forbids the erec- 
tion of a building in St. Louis more than 10< 
feet in height unless its interior construction is 
absolutely fire-proof. Hence the new office-build 
ings are in no sense of the word fire-traps, bui 
are rather to be looked upon as safer than th( 
small buildings they have superseded, whici 
had but indifferent means of egress in case o 
fire, and whose material was more or less com- 
bustible — and generally more. 

The era of the fire-proof office-building ii 
St. Louis dates back to about the year 1«85 
when the Equitable Building on Sixth and Lo 
cust streets was enlarged and heightened. This 
fine structure was originally six stories high. I' 
was the pioneer of modern office-buildings ir 
St. Louis, and was regarded by every one wlu 
saw it as a distinct advance on anything yet at- 
tempted in the Mississippi Valley. Being abso- 
lutely fire-proof and exceptionally well arranged 
there was quite a run on its offices, and insteac 
of tenants being sought, the only difficulty the 
management had to contend with was filling the 
demands of applicants. It was decided to have 
the foundation and walls carefully examined and 
to increase the height from six to ten stories ii 
the plan were endorsed by competent engineers. 
The examination pro\-ed that the structure was 
strong enough to bear the weight of six addi- 
tional stories easily, but the original plan was 
carried out, and the Equitable Building raised its 
head ten stories high, a monunieut to the enter- 
prise of its owners and to the determination of 



BUILDING IMPRO VEMENTS. 



ew St. Louis to ha\e the best of everything 
lat science had perfected. To-day the Equi- 
ble Buikling does not rank among the very 
ighest St. Louis buildings, but in l-S.S.") and 188(; 
was looked upon with as much admiration as 
le Union Trust Building is now. 
The Laclede Building is generally regarded 
1 the pioneer of the lofty fire-proof buildings of 
t. Louis. There were a great many projects 
)out the year 1885 looking to the erection of 
lildings of this character, but the first scheme 
magnitude involved the erection of a ten-story 
lilding, to be known as the LTnion Building, 
1 the southwest corner of Olive and Fourth 
reets. lu the winter of 1885 and 1886 the old 
iprovements of this corner were torn down, 
id it was announced that a large body of Chi- 
igo capitalists were behind the scheme, and 
ere about to erect a building of gigantic pro- 
)rtions. Fairy tales concerning the proportions 
id decorations of the new building abounded, 
it local suspicion was aroused when the exca- 
itions were left untouched week after week, 
id the final announcement that the wealth of 
e capitalists had not materialized, caused 
ore regret than surprise. The unrealized hope 
as not only an eye-sore, but also a source of 
:licule, and a number of St. Louis capitalists, 
ho did not boast of fabulous wealth but who 
id a reputation for completing every project 
ith which they connected themselves, took 
)ld of the enterprise and erected the Laclede 
iiilding. The Laclede Building is not the pal- 
:e covered by the plans of the Union Building, 
it is a first-class office structure, fire-proof 
roughout, and constructed of Missouri granite, 
3n and brick. The hall walls are of polished 
jrdillo marble and plate glass, and the halls 
id ceilings are of marble. The building was 
atched with great interest while in course of 
instruction, and when it was finished its ele- 
itor capacity, arrangements for ventilation and 
r the transaction of business, as well as the 
impleteness of its furnishings, not only excited 
le admiration of St. Louis people generally, but 
icouraged the perfecting of projects for a 
amber of similar and even superior buildings. 



EARLY ^VORK ON ^' ^^^^.°"^ ']'^ 

same time the 
FIRE-PROOF STRUCTURES. „ . , ^, ., , 

Lonimercial Build- 
ing was designed. In the early days of New 
St. Louis the southeast corner of Sixth and 
Olive streets was encumbered by improvements 
of a very inferior character, many years behind 
the times. A s\ndicate was formed and a lease 
negotiated for ninety-nine years, at $20,000 a 
year, with a clause that a building to cost not 
less than $200,000 should be erected on the site 
within the space of three years. As a result of 
this undertaking, the Commercial Building was 
designed and completed, the cost of construc- 
tion being about three times the minimum stated 
in the lease. 

The Commercial Building has since been out- 
classed in height, but it is still looked upon 
as one of the most substantial and convenient 
office-buildings in the West. Missouri granite 
and St. Louis pressed brick, two of the best 
building materials to be found in the world, 
were used in the exterior construction, with the 
columns, pilasters and lintels of iron. The 
building is absolutely fire-proof, and has li<2 
office-rooms. Georgia marble was used largely 
in the corridors and wainscoting, and a perfect 
system of elevators, four in number, was put in. 
Like the Equitable and Laclede, the Commer- 
cial Building was in its early days ^•isited by 
hundreds of spectators, and e\'eii now our best 
ofiice-buildings are regarded as an attraction by 
sojourners in other cities. 

It is not suggested that the three buildings 
first mentioned were actually the tliree first to be 
completed and occupied, the order being rather 
that of the negotiations which resulted in the 
inauguration of a rule which has changed the 
aspect of down-town St. Louis and attracted 
the admiration of all. Olive street, in the neigh- 
borhood of the Federal Building, was largely 
reconstructed during the days of the fire-proof 
office-building awakening. Work was com- 
menced on the Odd Fellows' Building, at the 
corner of Ninth and Olive streets, very early in 
the revival. The building is almost faultless in 
its construction, and the summit of its tower 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



is 23fi feet liigh. Missouri granite, both rock- 
faced and polished, was used in the construction 
of the first story, and the seven stories above 
are of St. Louis pressed brick. Iron and steel 
pillars and girders were freely used, and the en- 
tire work is exceptionally massive and last- 
ing. The foundations are so strong that they 
would probably hold a building nearly twice as 
high as the one now upon them. The corridors 
are tiled with white marble, and the wainscot- 
ing is of the best Georgia gray and white mar- 
ble. The building, which cost over $600,000, 
was completed in the spring of 1889. A por- 
tion of it is occupied by the Odd Fellows' halls, 
offices and library, but the offices available for 
the public are occupied by professional and 
business men, and are replete with everj' con- 
venience. 

Adjoining the Odd Fellows' Building, and 
erected almost simultaneously with it is the 
Fagin Building, unique in its features and a 
structure which has been both praised and criti- 
cised by experts. It is unlike any other office- 
building in the city, and the front is constructed 
almost entirely of granite and glass. It is ten 
stories high, and the available space in the in- 
terior is 1,052,000 square feet. The building, 
despite some early criticisms, is strong and at- 
tractive. Its plan involves an abundance of 
light, and, although its entrance is not as at- 
tractive and handsome as a building of such 
altitude and cost would seem to demand, it is a 
grand building and has undoubtedly had its in- 
fluence in a most important direction on the 
office-building work of St. Louis. 

On Eighth street, also opposite the Federal 
Building and almost at the corner of Olive, is 
the Turner Building, which, it is claimed, was 
the first building erected in St. Louis fire-proof 
in every part. It is less lofty than some of its 
neighbors, but is a very handsome, substantial 
structure, with every possible convenience for 
its tenants. 

The American Central Building, on Broadway 
and Locust street, was reconstructed during the 
same period, and the Bank of Commerce Building 
and a large number of factories and what may 



TtiE 
HIGHEST OF THEM ALL. 



be termed individual business establishments 
were also erected. The year l«8y found the 
office-building question practically settled and 
down-town St. Louis equipped with structures 
and offices handsome enough to do credit to any 
city and apparently numerous enough to meet 
every demand. It was even suggested that the 
work had been overdone and that there would 
be a difficulty in renting the offices in the new 
buildings. Looked at from the standpoint of 
St. Louis in 1893 the forecast appears ludi- 
crous, for during the last three or four years tlie 
activity of the fire-proof-lofty-structure-builder 
has more than redoubled, and on every side 
there are to be seen grand edifices not then so 
much as contemplated. 

The highest of these 
most recent office-build- 
ings is the Union Trust 
Building, at the corner of Seventh and Olive 
streets. This building, which is now practically 
completed, is fourteen stories high, or, if the 
plan of counting basement and attic, common 
in some cities, is adopted, there are really six- 
teen stories. The building occupied about a 
year and a half in construction, including the 
time devoted to tearing down the old improve- 
ments and in digging out the foundations. Mucli 
longer time would have been required but foi 
the adoption of what is known as the steel skele- 
ton system of construction. Without this aid tc 
building, the walls and doors in the lower stories 
would have had to be exceptionally thick anc 
massive to hold the weight, but the plan adoptee 
obviated this difficulty and added immensely tc 
the floor-space of the building. Pillars of rollec 
steel and iron are extended from the foundation 
to the roof, and these are all sufficiently strong, 
not only to hold the enormous weight resting 
upon them, but also to stand the strain of higl: 
winds and tempestuous weather. The floor- 
licams and girders are also of rolled steel rivetec 
to the uprights, and the whole building is thus 
one united mass, the strain being divided ovei 
an immense area. The precautions taken ir 
the design to secure rigidity have proven en- 
tirely successful, and the building is now as 



BUILDIXG IMPRO VEMENTS. 



99 



solid and substantial as though it stood l)ut two 
stories high. 

The building is fire-proof in fact as well as in 
name. Hollow fire clay tile was used largely in 
the construction, and the stair-cases and even 
the elevator guide-posts are of incombustible 
material, so that in tlie event of fire nothing but 
desks, chairs, window-frames and doors would 
burn. The building has a frontage of 12b feet on 
Olive street and 84 feet on Seventh street, with 
the advantage of a wide alley, which practically 
gives it three fronts. The internal court, front- 
ing southward on Olive street, adds to the front- 
age so much that, although there are 300 offices 
in the building, the windows of each one opens 
direct into the air, if not sunlight. Two hun- 
dred and fort}- offices face the streets, and these 
are being rapidly occupied by tenants. The 
external construction is of buff terra cotta for 
the two lowest stories, buff brick to the thir- 
teenth and terra cotta at the summit. The ap- 
pearance is unique and somewhat peculiar, and 
the material used is of a character to withstand 
the attacks of smoke and dust and retain its 
color almost indefinite]}-. Two thousand tons 
of iron have been used in the construction, and 
there are more than seven miles of steam, water 
and escape pipes in the building. Three miles 
of electric wire were also used in the equip- 
ments, and about 25,000 square feet of marble 
and mosaic were required. The halls and cor- 
ridors are richly decorated with marble, and the 
windows are of polished plate glass. The ele- 
vator service is exceptionally good, and in ever}' 
office there is a hot and cold water supply sen,-- 
ice. A million dollars has been mentioned as 
the probable price of this lofty and remarkable 
structure, but, although a detailed statement 
has not been published, there can be no doubt 
that the outlay has been very' largely in excess 
of the sum named. 

The Security Building, 
on the southwest corner of 
Fourth and Locust streets, 
while not so lofty as the 
Union Trust, is probably the most magnificent 
fire-proof structure in the \\'LSt. It is Hen 



SECURITY BVILDINO 

AND 

NOONDAY CLUB. 



stories high,* and its roof !.")(; feet inches 
above the sidewalk. In its construction only 
the most costly materials were used, and the 
building cost considerably in excess of $1,000,- 
000. The internal decorations are on a par 
with the magnificent outside work, and the 
building has a substantial, valuable appearance 
which excites comment from every visitor. The 
entrance to the elevators, from a most attractive 
and unusually convenient rotunda, is artistic in 
the extreme; and the mosaic floors are aesthetic 
enough for an art museum or a picture gallery. 
The offices are replete with every possible con- 
venience, and are as elegant as money could 
possibly make them. The tenth floor is occu- 
pied entirely by the reception and dining-rooms 
of the Noonday Club, one of the latest additions 
to the commercial clubs of St. Louis. It was 
established in 1893, with 300 members, consist- 
ing of presidents and leading members of some 
of the largest and most wealthy firms of the 
city. 

The Security Building fronts on Locust street, 
with two wings extending south, one on the east, 
and one on the west side. The club rooms 
are thus divided into three divisions. The 
central portion contains the restaurant, which 
on special occasions is converted into a banquet- 
ing hall. This room is finished in light colors, 
verging to a very pale brown and cream white. 
The west wing contains a regular lunch-room, 
with the kitchens overhead, in what may be 
described as the attic addition to the building. 
The lunch-room is finished in harmonious colors, 
and has windows on three sides. The billiard 
hall is equally well provided with light. The 
floors have been varnished into a glossy cherrv' 
color, and the walls are painted a deep wine- 
red, the ceiling being pale green. The appoint- 
ments of the chili, generally, are thoroughly 
in keeping with the design of the organization, 
and with the general elegance and excellence of 
the building in which it is situated. 



*Only complete and full-sized floors are counted. The 
Securitj- Building has also a basement and an attic, and 
hence might be spoken of as a twelve-story building. It 
is always the rule in St. l,ouis to understate, rather than 
exaggerate. 



ido 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



TWENTY.SIX BUILDINQS , Mention has already 

been made of the three 

COSTING MORE . ,, .^ 

exceptionally magnili- 

THAN $500,000 EACH. / <. ' ^ ( 

cent new structnres or 

St. Lonis — the Union Depot, the City Hall and 
the New Planters' Honse. In this chapter a 
few representative bnildings of the New St. 
Lonis type have been selected. It has not been 
attempted to refer to every large building con- 
structed during the last five or six years, because 
even a brief description of these would occupy 
the space allotted to several chapters. Only 
those who have given the question careful atten- 
tion realize the stupendous nature of the work the 
local builder and contractor has done. It is im- 
portant to bear in mind that early in the present 
year there were actually in course of construc- 
tion more than twenty-six buildings, each aver- 
aging in cost more than $.")()0,()00. These 
included an immense number of new factories 
to take the place, in some instances, of build- 
ings which had ceased to be available for the 
purposes desired, and also to provide accommo- 
dation for increased business and new firms. 
Prior to this date there had been erected, in ad- 
dition to those already mentioned, such magnifi- 
cent structures as the Bell Telephone Building, 
in which the Builders' Exchange has its head- 
quarters; the new Globe-Democrat Building, 
and the Roe, Houser and Oriel buildings. The 
twent}-six buildings referred to as being either 
in course of construction or having contracts 
completed at the commencement of LS1I3 were 
as follows, the prices given being those named 
in the building permits, which, it will be seen, 
aggregate about $14,000,000: 

New Planters' House, twelve stories. Fourth 
street, between Pine and Chestnut streets, 
$1,000,000; the Colonnade, ten stories, com- 
prising a hotel, theatre and arcade, an office- 
building and a Turkish bath establishment, to 
occupy a half block on Ninth street, between 
Olive and Locust streets, $1,100,000; a hotel, 
not yet named, ten stories, on Ninth street, cor- 
ner of Pine street, $500,000; Imperial Hotel, 
ten stories, corner of Market and Eighteenth 
Streets, $1,200,000; City Hall, in old Wash- 



ington Park, fronting on Market, between 
Twelfth and Thirteenth streets, $i>,()()0,000; new 
Union Depot, IMarket street, south side, between 
Eighteenth and Twentieth streets, $1,000,000;* 
Hanimett-Anderson-Wade's Columbia Building, 
southeast corner of Eighth and Locust streets, 
$300,000; Mills & Averill's building, on Chest- 
nut street, twelve stories, $600,000; Patterson 
Building, southeast corner of Olive and Twelfth 
streets, ten stories, $2.50,000; Fair Building, 
southwest corner of Seventh and Franklin ave- 
nue, $1.')0,0()0; Nelson Building, south side of 
St. Charles, east of Twelfth, eight stories, 
$100,000; Hoyle Building, southwest corner of 
Third and Locust streets, $7.3,000; McCormack 
Building, north side of Chestnut, between 
Eighth and Ninth streets, $75,000; Interstate 
Investment Co. 's Building, southea.st corner of 
Ninth and Washington avenue, $100,000; Ben- 
oist Building, southeast corner of Eleventh and 
Olive streets, $75,000; F. A. Drew Building, 
southeast corner of Twelfth and St. Charles 
streets, $125,000; Culver Building, southeast 
corner of Twelfth and Locust streets, $!tO,000; 
new Board of Education Building, northwest 
corner of Locust and Ninth streets, $400,000; 
Rialto Building, ten stories, southeast corner of 
Fourth and Olive streets, $500,000; Security 
Building, ten stories. Fourth and Locust streets, 
$1,500,000; Wainwright Building, nine stories, 
northwest corner of Seventh and Chestnut 
streets, $1)00,000; Union Trust Company Build- 
ing, fourteen stories, northwest corner of Se\-- 
enth and Olive streets, $1,000,000; Puritan 
Building, north side of Locust, between Sev- 
enth and Eighth streets, nine stories, $150,000; 
]\Ieyer Building, southeast corner of Washing- 
ton avenue and Eighth street, $100,000; new 
Mercantile Club Building, southeast corner of 
Locust and Seventh streets, $500,000; Famous 
Building, west side of Broadway, between 
Franklin avenue and Morgan street, $400,000. 



*A comparison of the permit price of tliis structure 
with the actual expemliture, as outliued on paj;e 67, shows 
better than any argument iu words how inadequately the 
building permit returns set forth the actual building ex- 
penditure. 



Bl 7LD/XG IMPKO VEMENTS. 



101 



The Mercantile Library 
LIBRARY AND j. ■, ,■ i . i . 

Buildiiiu:\vas comi^leted too 
SCHOOL BUILDING. ^ , . , , , • , , • 

soon to be included in this 

list. It is a fire-proof structure, on the corner 
of Broadway and Locust street, with the uiJiJer 
floors devoted to the library. Its reading-room 
is one of the largest and best equipped in the 
country, and it is a great advance on the old 
structure which made the library famous in for- 
mer years. The Public Library Building, or, 
more correctly speaking, the Board of Education 
Building, four blocks west of this, is another 
lofty and valuable building, as different from 
the old Polytechnic, in which the Public School 
Library was situated, as New St. Louis dif- 
fers from Old. Among the strictly 18;t3 build- 
ings not already described, but which must be 
mentioned as remarkable evidences of the build- 
ing activity of New St. Louis, is the new High 
School on Grand avenue. This building has a 
front facade 300 feet in length and 147 feet 
deep. Brick, ornamented with red sandstone, 
forms the outer walls, the front and two towers 
being faced with stone up to the second floor. 
There is an interior court 45x130 feet for light 
and ventilation, and the building contains, in 
addition to an immense number of class and 
.study-rooms, an assembly-room about eighty 
feet square. Another is the new Mercantile 
Club Building, to which reference has already 
been made. This building has been erected on 
the site of the old club house and of Mr. Henry 
Shaw's mansion, at the corner of Seventh and 
Locust streets. It has a frontage of 127 feet on 
Locust street, and 90 feet on Seventh street. 
It is six stories high, and is constructed of Lake 
Superior red sandstone, resting on a granite 
base. The upper floors are of red brick, with 
sandstone trimmings. The design includes lofty 
balconies, and a gabled Spanish roof, giving the 
building a unique effect, very pleasing to the 
eye, as compared with the flat roof so universal 
in the modern lofty structures. 

A block west of this club, the St. Nicholas 
Hotel is ill course of construction and will soon 
be ready for occupation. This is another build- 
ing in which the style of architecture differs 



materially from that in general use, and its 
appearance is sufficiently handsome and even 
antique to give quite a name and reputation 
to both Locust and Eighth streets. The esti- 
mated cost of the building is about $300,000. 
It is eight stories high with a balcony and a 
slanting red tiled roof with curved brick gables. 
These gables are already a source of admiration 
and by the time the finishing strokes ha\-e been 
put to the work the building will certainly be 
an ornament to the city. Among the peculiari- 
ties of the internal structure may be mentioned 
the ball-room, which is to occupy the upper- 
most floor. This will be one of the most gor- 
geous ball-rooms in the country, and is likely to 
be used very largely for entertainments of a 
public and semi-private character. 

No reference to the buildings of 1893 can be 
complete without something more than a pass- 
ing mention of the Rialto Building on the south- 
east corner of Fourth and Olive streets, a 
thoroughfare which in years gone by was the 
center of commerce of the city, but which in 
the early days of New St. Louis was rather out- 
classed by streets slightly more western. The 
new hotel, the Security and Laclede buildings 
and the Rialto are only four evidences of the 
determination of property owners to restore the 
street to its former commercial precedence and 
grandeur. The Rialto Building is ten stories 
high and is constructed of steel andiron encased 
ill massive blocks of granite and red sandstone. 
It fronts ninety feet on Fourth street and rather 
less on Olive street, and its cost was consid- 
erably in excess of .$500,000. The external 
appearance is rendered attractive by the archi- 
tectural device to increase the light and capacity 
of the offices, and the internal arrangements are 
complete in the extreme, the elevator plan being 
remarkable for its simplicity and good service. 
Adjoining, and in the shadow of this building, is 
the Bank of the Republic .structure. This bank 
was established on Ninth and Olive streets, 
where it has built up a large and lucrative con- 
nection. It has, however, decided to move on 
Fourth street, and has erected a building one 
story high and remarkably attractive in its ap- 



102 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



IN THE 

WHOLESALE SECTION 

OF THE CITY. 



pearance. The front is of Italian marble ex- 
qnisitely carved in draped figures, and the entire 
roof is of heavy glass. Instead of erecting 
a high building and renting the upper offices, 
the bank preferred the more costly plan of a 
one-story building devoted entirely to its own 
use. The structure is thirty-five feet high, and 
each foot cost about $1,000 to construct. 

Among the buildings 
costing upwards of 
$500,000 and erected in 
1893, was the Martin 
Building, on Tenth street, between Washington 
and Christy avenues. This is right in the 
center of what may be termed the wholesale 
district of St. L,ouis, and the building is designed 
exclusively for wholesale purposes. It occupies 
a space of 70x205 feet, and is eight stories high. 
The two first stories are in blue Bedford stone, 
the remainder being in light colored Roman 
brick with terra cotta trimmings. There is a 
court in the center entered through an arched 
gateway on Tenth street. The Collier Block is 
on Washington avenue, Fourth, and St. Charles 
streets, and when completed will occupy an en- 
tire half block, with side frontages of 150 feet on 
both Washington avenue and St. Charles street. 
The main floors are of iron columns filled in with 
plate glass, and the upper floors are of dark gray 
brick with terra cotta trimmings, surmounted 
above the sixth floor by a Florentine cornice. 

The Columbian Club House and the new 
Good Shepherd Convent, although not strictly 
commercial structures, were in course of erec- 
tion during 1893 at a total cost approximating 
$750,000. The Columbian Club House is sit- 
uated at the corner of Lindell boulevard and 
Vandeventer avenue. It is a good type of the 
Italian renaissance style of architecture, with a 
facade of buff Roman brick and buff Bedford 
limestone. The building is four stories high 
and has a frontage of 114 feet. The new Good 
Shepherd Convent, costing nearly $500,000, is 
in course of construction on Gravois avenue, a 
little west of Grand. The tract of land was 
presented by Adolphus Busch, and upon it is 
being constructed a building in Romanesque 



style, with little unnecessary ornamentation but 
of large capacity. The principal facade is 4(in 
feet long, and the building is three stories high. 
Space prevents a detailed descrijition of all 
the elegant buildings in course of construction 
at the present time, or which have been built 
during the last three years, but enough has been 
written to show that capitalists have an un- 
limited confidence in the future of New St. Louis 
and are willing at all times to invest freely in 
buildings of the better class. And it is verv 
important to emphasize the fact that, although 
the year 1893 has been in every way unfavor- 
able for new enterprises and generally discourag- 
ing for mercantile interests, there has been no 
difficulty in renting the rooms and offices in the 
new buildings, although the apartments now 
number several thousand. Favorite offices in 
the best buildings having the ver}' best sites 
and locations have been secured long before 
work was completed, and the rapidity with 
which the new buildings have filled up is a 
striking testimony to the expansion of St. Louis 
and its manufacturing, commercial and finan- 
cial interests. No city on the continent has 
been transformed more completely by aid of the 
builder and contractor during the last six or 
eight years, yet the percentage of vacant offices 
in St. Louis is smaller than in any other large 
city. In other words, phenomenal as has been the 
increase in building, the demand has more than 
kept pace with that increase; and from every 
appearance it is still continuing to grow. 

The growth of the city, 
and the immense expendi- 
ture on improvements, has 
had a marked effect on the 
value of real estate. There has never been any 
wildcat speculation in the city, and, although 
the transactions have frequently shown a total 
consideration money exceeding on an average 
$1,000,000 a week, and continuing for many 
weeks, the bulk of the investing has been for the 
purposeof improvement, and not for mere specula- 
tion. It is on record that the ground now bounded 
l)y Market and Wash streets, and by Broadway 
and Jefferson avenue, was once sold for $4,000 



A COMPARISON 

OF 

REALTY PRICES. 



BUILDING IMPRO I 'EMENTS. 



103 



in cash and 2,400 levies of furs. The vahie 
of this property to-day exceeds $250,000,000, 
and it inchides some of the most costly front- 
ages in St. Louis. There are several frontages 
worth more per foot than was paid for this 
entire tract in the city's early days. Thus, the 
corner of Broadway and Olive street is esti- 
mated to be worth more than $10,000 a foot; 
passing up Olive street the value decreases 
slightly going west. Thus, Seventh and Olive 
ground is worth about $8,000 a foot, while at 
Twelfth and Olive it is worth $2,500. West of 
Jefferson a\euue the value decreases less rap- 
idly, and even as far west as JeffersoU avenue 
available corners sell at $1,500 a foot front. 
The average value of Olive street property, be- 
tween Twelfth street and Broadway, is $(5,834; 
and between Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue 
it is $2,000. There are about 14,(i00 feet of 
ground on Olive street, between Broadway and 
Jefferson avenue. The value of the property 
between Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue is 
$19,4(5(5,000; and between Twelfth street and 
Broadway it is $33,249,378. 

These figures, of course, do not include the 
value of any building iurprovements on the 
property. Olive street frontage, in the busi- 
ness part of the city, is regarded as the most 
valuable property in the city at present. Lo- 
cust street and Broadway is worth $(5,000 a foot. 
At Seventh street. Locust street property is 
worth $2,01)0 a foot; at Twelfth street, $1,500; 
and at Jefferson avenue, $300. The average 
value per foot, west of Twelfth street, is $3,1(5(5. 
Between Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue it 
is $900 a foot. The estimated value of the 
property on Locust street, between Broadway 
and Twelfth street, is $15,399,15(5, and be- 
tween Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue it is 
$8,758,800. St. Charles street at Broadway is 
worth $4,000 a foot. At Seventh street it is 
worth $1,200 a foot; at Twelfth street, $1,5(J0 
a front foot. West of Twelfth street, St. Charles 
street is practically no street. The average 
value of St. Charles street property, between 
Twelfth street and Broadway, is $2,233 a front 
foot, or $10,8(55,778. 



The corner of Washington avenue and Broad- 
way is worth $(5,000 a front foot. At Seventh 
street, Washington avenue property is worth 
$3,000 a front foot ; at Twelfth street, $2,000; 
and at Jefferson avenue, $1,000. The average 
value per foot, east of Twelfth street and west of 
Broadway, is $3,6(57 a foot, and between Twelfth 
street and Jefferson avenue the average value is 
$1,500 a foot. The property east of Twelfth 
street, on Washington avenue, is worth about 
$17,596,800. The property on Washington 
avenue, between Twelfth street and Jefferson 
avenue, is worth, approximately, $14,400,000. 
Lucas avenue and Broadway is worth about 
$3,000 a foot. At Seventh street, Lucas avenue 
property is valued at $1,000 a foot ; at Twelfth 
street, $800; and at Jefferson avenue, $200 a foot. 
The average value per foot between Twelfth 
street and Broadway is $1,600 a foot; and be- 
tween Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue it is 
$500 per foot. The property on Lucas avenue, 
between Twelfth street and Broadway, is worth 
about $7,680,000; and between Twelfth street 
and Jefferson avenue it is worth $4,800,000. 
The corner of Morgan street and Broadway is 
worth about $2,000; Seventh and Morgan is 
worth $800 a foot; Twelfth and Morgan, $1,000; 
and Jefferson avenue and Morgan, $300 a foot. 
The average value of Morgan street property, 
between Twelfth street and Broadway, is $1,266; 
and the average value of Morgan street property, 
between Twelfth street and Jefferson avenue, is 
$650 a foot. The total value of Morgan street 
property, between Twelfth street and Broadway, 
is $2,560,356; and between Twelfth street and 
Jefferson avenue it is $(!,325,800. The corner 
of Broadway and Franklin avenue is worth 
$4,000 at foot. At Seventh street, Franklin av- 
enue property is worth $1,500 a front foot; at 
Twelfth street, $1,500; and at Jefferson avenue, 
$750. The average value per foot east of 
Twelfth street is $3,333; and between Twelfth 
street and Jefferson avenue it is $ 1 , 1 25. The esti- 
mated total value of the ground between Twelfth 
street and Broadway, on Franklin avenue, is 
$15,408,(589; and between Twelfth street and 
Jefferson avenue it is $11,099,250. 



104 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



ST. LOUIS REAL ESTATE 
AS AN INVESTMENT. 



These figures are 
selected as evidence 
of the growth in val- 
ues. It will be noticed that they are not specu- 
lative in any way, because nearly all of the 
property mentioned is improved with substan- 
tial buildings, and has not been bought and sold 
for speculation at values based upon surmises 
and possible growth. In the neighborhood of 
the new Union Station the increase in values 
has been more phenomenal and more specula- 
tive. Within four years prices have increased 
from five to ten-fold, although purchases are 
made withoiit regard to the value of existing 
improvements. The influence of the enterprise 
of the Terminal Association has been felt to so 
marked an extent that the neighborhood within 
a few blocks of the depot is being completely 
reconstructed, and elegant hotels, boarding- 
houses, stores and mercantile establishments are 
taking the place of the comparatively small 
dwelling-houses which monopolized the frontage 
during the last decade of Old St. Louis and the 
first five or six years of New. The heavy ex- 
penditure in railroad improvements in the North 
End has had a similar influence on values, 
and, indeed, at the present time, it is almost 
impossible to obtain property at prices approx- 
imating those that were asked five or six years 
ago, and even more recently. The sudden with- 
drawal of capital from investment during the 
summer and fall of 1893 did not have any ma- 
terial effect on values in St. Louis. The num- 
ber of purchasers, of course, was greatly reduced, 
and sales were much harder to consummate; but 
holders had such unlimited faith in both the 
present and future greatness of St. Louis that 
they declined to sacrifice, and the number of 
"hard times" sales at cut prices was very 
small. St. Louis real estate was the last to feel 
the influence of the depression, and tlie first to 
benefit by the restoration of confidence, and the 
business during the winter has not been far be- 
low the average. These facts show that St. Louis 
is not a "boom" town, and that, as an invest- 
ment for large and small sums, its real estate 
offers advantages not to be equaled elsewhere. 



Immense fortunes have been made out of 
judicious investments in the city; and in still 
more instances substantial and satisfactory re- 
turns have been received. The reputation for 
solidity and conservatism in finances has helped 
the real estate interests of St. Louis to a marked 
extent. The amount of loanable capital from a 
distance has always been large, and one com- 
pany alone, the Connecticut Mutual Life In- 
surance Company, has loaned upwards of 
$20,000,000 in St. Louis since its general 
awakening and revival. Mr. E. S. Rowse, who 
has negotiated the loans, rejoices in the fact 
that his' books show an absolutely clean rec- 
ord, not a single case of foreclosure marring 
their pages. This company has loaned about 
$35,000,000 in the State, and its success and 
enterprise is merely quoted because of the very 
profitable faith in St. Louis and in Missouri 
which the vastness of its operations demon- 
strates so conclusively. 

At the time of this writing millions of dollars 
are known to have been withdrawn from specu- 
lative investment and placed in deposit vaults, 
where the money is unproductive. The loss of 
thousands of dollars a year in interest this way 
naturally arouses capitalists of every grade to a 
sense of the error they are committing, and the 
indications are that a greater portion of the 
money will be taken from the "stockings" 
without further delay and invested where it is 
quite as safe and a thousand times more produc- 
ti\-e — St. Louis real estate. The natural conse- 
quence will be renewed and increased activity 
during the coming year, with countless projects 
of improvements and hundreds of new buildings. 
If this work partook of the nature of advice to 
investors, there would be no better ending to 
this chapter than a recommendation to investors 
to take time by the forelock and make their 
selections and purchases before the enhancement 
of values which the increased demand of the 
coming spring is certain to create. The specu- 
lator is not very likely to make a mistake if he 
selects New St. Louis as the field of his opera- 
tions; while the investor has a still greater guar- 
antee of satisfactory returns. 



MUNICIPAL DE I EL OPMENT. 



CHAPTER X. 

MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT. 

THE NEW WATER-WORKS.-NEW CITY HALL.-NEW ST. LOUIS, THE PIONEER IN STREET 
SPRINKLING AND ELECTRIC LIGHTING. 



'HE PROGRESS made in municipal insti- 
tutions and features during the last ten 
years has been enormous, and the New 
St. Louis idea has been warmly supported 
and fostered by the city authorities. 
In the first chapter the city's incor- 
poration and the extension of the city limits 
from time to time are briefly recorded, and in 
pursuance of the plan on which this work is 
based, only those features which ha\-e a strong 
bearing on the city's new growth will be dealt 
with at any length, while nothing in the shape 
of a municipal history of Old St. Louis will be 
attempted. It is impossible, however, to omit 
a tribute to the genuine integrity and zeal of the 
men who have been placed at the head of the 
city government from time to time. The earlier 
mayors were not assisted by commissioners, as 
now, and all the detail work passed through 
their hands. At this stage of the city's history 
the mayor is at the head of an immense body of 
workers, and the Board of Public Improvements 
has a president whose duties are as numerous as 
the sands on the sea-shore. The other members 
of the board are the street, water, sewer, harbor 
and park commissioners, each in control of the 
department from which he takes his name. 
The health department is managed by a com- 
missioner who has no seat in the " B. P. I." 
cabinet, and among the other heads of depart- 
ments are the city register, the supply commis- 
sioner and the building commissioner. 

The following table, giving the names of the 
mayors of St. Louis since the city's incorpora- 



tion, and data as to population, will be of inter- 
est, and will also show concisely how rapidly 
the city has grown: 











Administration. 


""'"" 




,.„pu,.Uioi,. 


1823-28 






4,928 
5,852 


1829-32 


Daniel D. Page 


1830 


1833 


Samuel Merry* 






1833-34 


J. W. Johnson 

John V. Darbv 


1S35 




1835-37 


8,316 


lS3S-3i) 


Will. Carr Lane 






1S40 


John I'. Darhv 


1840 


16,469 


1841 


John IJ. DagKett 






1842 


George Magnire 






1843 .-. . 


John ]\I. Wnner 

Bernaril Pratte 

P. G.Camden 






1844^5 




1840 







1847 


Bryan Mnllanphy 






1.S48 


John M. Kruni 






1849 


James G.Barry 






1850-52 


L. M. Kennett 


1850 


74,439 


1853-54 


John How 






1855 


Washington King 






1856 


John How 








John M. Wimer 

Oliver D. Fillev 






1858-60 


1800 


160,773 


1861-62 


Dan. G. Taylor 






1863 


Chaun. I. FiUey 






1864-68 


Jas. S. Thomas 






1869-70 


Nathan Cole 


1870 


310,963 


1871 74 








1875 


Arthur Barrettf 






1875 


James H. Britton 






1876 


Henrv Overstolzt 












350,518 


1881-85 


Wm. L. Ewing 












1889 


Geo. W. Allen II 






1889 93 


E A Noon an 


ISIHI 


a\:<\ 770 


1893 


C. P. Walbridge 


lh93 


/'620,000 



* Disqualified in consequence of holding office under general gov- 
imi'iit. J. W. Jolinson elected in liis place. 
t Died April 23, ISTrn J. II. Britton elected to fill vacancy. 
t Iicilarcd elected by City Council February 9,1876, instead of 



^ I). R. Francis elected Governor of Missouri, 
iryi 1889. 
I Oeo. W. Allen, being President City ('DUncil, 
a Federal census, generally conceded to be at lo: 
b Uircctorj' census early in year. 



106 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



MAYOR EWJNG, 

1881—1885- 



It was during the niayor- 



altv of Mr. W. L. Ewi 



that 



New St. Louis commenced to 
exist. The pen with which ]\Ir. Ewing signed 
his approval of the ordinance authorizing the 
construction of the first rapid-transit street rail- 
road in St. Louis ought to have been preserved 
in the city archives, for, as we have seen, that 
ordinance enabled a complete change to be 
made, not only in the street railroad facilities, 
but also in the city itself. The next event of 
importance, or perhaps an event of equal im- 
portance, during jMaj'or Ewing's administration 
was the commencement of the repaving of the 
down-town streets with granite. This Avas done 
under the fostering guidance of ^Ix. J. W. Tur- 
ner, who was street commissioner at the time, 
and whose work was of so high an order that his 
name has since been mentioned as a desirable 
candidate for almost every municipal office of 
importance from the mayoralty down. Mr. Twx- 
ner found the streets in but an indifferent condi- 
tion, not worse, perhaps, than those of other 
cities, but in no way suited for the heaAy traffic of 
a busy manufacturing district. The soft road- 
ways gave way under heavy loads, and in many 
instances extra teams had to be obtained to pull 
wagons out of holes and ruts. Reference has 
already been made to the opposition with which 
the proposal to pave the down-town streets with 
granite was received, but the authorities held 
their own, and finally the good work was com- 
menced in earnest. In the spring of 1883 there 
were little more than three miles of granite 
paving in the city, but during the years 
1884. and 188.") reconstruction on a wholesale 
scale was completed, and at the end of the lat- 
ter year there were over twentj'-two miles of 
granite streets in the cit}', with about a mile of 
limestone blocks, a little o\er two miles of 
wooden blocks, four miles of asphalt, five of 
telford and about 285 of macadam. 

In his report for the year 1885, Mr. Turner 
went Aery fully into the granite pavement ques- 
tion. "It is needless to say," he remarked, 
"that the granite pavements have given great 
satisfaction. They have facilitated and thereby 



decreased the cost of transportation o\er our 
streets ver\' largely. Houses handling large 
amounts of heavy goods report that it has 
reduced the cost of transportation two-fifths. 
A great deal of the objection that was raised at 
first against these pavements in anticipation of 
excessive noise has subsided; either the noise 
was not so great as was expected or the people 
ha\e become accustomed to it. Douljtless, in 
narrow streets on which the traffic is xexy great, 
the noise is quite objectionable, but we have few 
of these; and taking the immense ad\antage 
gained by having solid and enduring pavements 
facilitating the operations of the commerce of the 
city, we can tolerate a few disadvantages arising 
from our new pavements. The character of our 
work can be considered first-class in e\ery re- 
spect; the quality of the stone is good. We ha\e 
now several varieties to select from, and the 
supply on the line of the Iron Mountain Rail- 
road, within a haul of one hundred and fifty 
miles of the city, is inexhaustible. The price 
of these pavements has been gradually falling; 
our last lettings show a very great reduction, 
due to competition, resulting from new parties 
opening new quarries, thereby increasing the 
supply of stone in the market; and also due to 
increased capacity of and facilities for operating 
old quarries." 

The wear and tear of eight 
years has more than borne out 
Mr. Turner's estimate of the 
high character of the work. 
The best laid of the down-town streets are still 
in perfect order, and show little or no signs of 
wear. The mileage of the granite streets has 
increased steadily every year, and IMr. Turner's 
successors, Messrs. Burnett and Murphy, have 
evinced as nuicli enthusiasm on the subject as 
Mr. Turner himself. There are now some forty- 
six miles of granite-paved streets in the city, in 
addition to nearly five miles of granite-paved 
alleys. Limestone blocks for streets have not 
proved entirely satisfactory, but there are up- 
wards of eighty-four miles of alleys paved this 
way, and giving good service. The mileage 
of telford pavement has been increased since 



THE STREETS 



THEIR PA VINO. 



Ml 'XICIPAL DE I -EL OPMENT. 



107 



the revival, and there are now some thirty-three 
miles paved in this way, with a total mileage of 
improved streets and alleys exceeding 450. The 
streets of the city, and more especially the side- 
walks, are now on the whole far better paved 
than those of the average American city, 
although the rapid increase in territory has made 
it impossible to keep up with the city's growth. 
In order to expedite improvements, the law con- 
cerning the apportionment of cost was revised in 
1892, and it is now enacted that the entire 
cost of reconstruction shall be charged against 
adjoining property, regardless of its assessed 
valuation. As the result of this enactment, 
known as the "Stone law," a large quantity of 
improvement work has been commenced and is 
under contemplation, and the splendid reform in 
Mayor Ewing's term will soon be so developed 
and brought to such perfection as to cause delight 
to St. Louis citizens generally. 

When St. Louis was first settled, the high 
ground on the bluffs was what attracted the 
pioneers, who knew nothing and cared less 
about the magnificent location beyond the bluffs, 
and how admirably the site was adapted for a 
great city. After the abrupt rise from the river, 
there is a table-land with just sufficient grade to 
make drainage easy, extending several miles 
north and south, and about three-quarters of a 
mile west. Beyond this right out to the city 
limits the ground is rolling, a succession of hills 
and valleys with a gradual tendency upwards, 
affording admirable opportunities for street 
laying and general draining. Had our ances- 
tors been less conservative in the matter of 
extending the city limits and had they taken in 
fresh territory before instead of after it was 
platted out and built up, we should have had in 
St. Louis a magnificent system of rectangular 
streets. As it is, St. Louis is really made up of 
a large number of incorjiorated towns and vil- 
lages, and as many of these had a complete 
system of streets before being absorbed, there 
are several irregularities which have given 
trouble to the authorities from time to time in 
the way of street-naming. The trees to be 
found in the forest around the city in its early 



days suggested names for the principal streets 
running east and west; and to a great extent the 
streets running north and soiith have been from 
time to time numbered consecutively instead of 
being named. East of Jefferson avenue the 
numerical system of nomenclature is fairly 
regular, but .-west of that thoroughfare most of 
the north and south streets are known as 
avenues, and are given distinctive names, consid- 
erable confusion being caused thereby. Shortl\- 
after the adoption of the scheme and charter, 
there was a general overhauling of names, and 
at the present time a motion is before the Mu- 
nicipal Assembly to further simplify the system. 
Market street has always been the dividing line 
between north and south, and all numbers 
north and south commence from this historical 
thoroughfare. The numbers on the streets run- 
ning east and west commence from the river, 
and each block has its distinctive number. The 
plan, on the whole, works well; and a reform 
now being perfected whereby street signs will 
be made more numerous and conspicuous, will 
do away with nearly every complaint. 

Since Street Commissioner 
Turner commenced his cru- 
sade against uupaved streets 
in the business section, the boulevard idea has 
gained much strength in St. Louis. The first 
boulevard to be constructed was the Lindell, 
which is still looked upon as one of the finest 
drivewa\s in the West. It connects Grand 
avenue with Forest Park, and is a popular 
driveway as well as a most desirable promenade. 
It is adorned with some of the most magnificent 
houses in the city, and is regarded by visitors as 
a great credit, not only to St. Louis but to the 
West generally. Forest Park boulevard, a few 
blocks south of the Lindell is, in some respects, 
even more elaborate than what is generally known 
as "The Boulevard." It has a park-like reserva- 
tion in the center of the street, and when more 
thoroughly built up will be a strong competitor 
for public favor. The present street commis- 
sioner, Mr. IM. J. Murphy, is responsible for a 
comprehensive plan of boulevards, which will 
add some sixty miles to those already in exist- 



THE BOULEVARD 



108 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



ence. In March, 18!) 1, an act was passed by 
the State Assembly authorizing cities of more 
than 300,000 inhabitants — or, in other words, 
St. Lonis, there being no other city in the State 
with even half that number of inhabitants — to 
establish boulevards with special building-line, 
and restricted as to the nature of the travel. 
The boulevards will vary in length and will 
provide a system of driveways unsurpassed in 
au}' city in the country. Among those already 
dedicated under the act may be mentioned the 
boulevards already described, Delmar boulevard, 
from Grand avenue to city limits, a distance of 
four miles; and Washington boulevard, a par- 
allel street. Among those comprised in the sys- 
tem will be Columbia boulevard; Florissant 
boulevard, from Hebert street to the city limits, 
a distance of five miles; King's Highway, from 
Arsenal street to Florissant avenue, six miles; 
Union avenue, from Forest Park to Natural 
Bridge road; Skinker boulevard, skirting the 
city limits some six miles, and several other 
shorter but scarcely less important lengths of 
thoroughfare. 

The boulevard system, when completed, will 
add some fifty or sixty miles to the most beauti- 
ful thoroughfares of St. Louis, which in them- 
selves are far more attractive than the average 
citizen is apt to realize. A visitor from the dis- 
tance seeing Vandeventer, Westmoreland or 
Portland place, for the first time, is enchanted 
with the delightful combination of urban wealth 
with rural beauty. The park reservations in 
these places, which are selected as types of 
others either in contemplation or in course of 
construction, are kept in the highest stage of cul- 
tivation. The roadways on either side of them 
are almost perfect, and the houses which have 
either been constructed or are being erected 
are models of architectural excellence. Taken 
altogether, the streets, avenues, boulevards and 
private places of St. Louis are unequaled, and 
they are an honor to New St. Louis and to the 
men who in the early days of the revival lent 
their influence and ability to a movement which 
has resulted so advantageously, and which prom- 
ises to attain far greater excellence. 



MA YOR FRANCIS, 
1885-1889. 



The administration of 
IMayor David R. Francis ex- 
tended over a period of great 
importance to New St. Louis. Mr. Francis was 
elected in the spring of 1885, and he continued 
at the head of the city government until the end 
of 1888, when he resigned in consequence of his 
election to the highest office within the gift of 
the State of Missouri. Politicians of every grade 
give him credit for encouraging every movement 
calculated to add to the city's greatness, and also 
for originating and recommending a large num- 
ber of reforms and new enterprises of the utmost 
importance. If the ex-mayor and ex-governor 
were asked what was the most vital question 
with which he was called upon to deal while 
occup}-ing the mayoralty chair, it is probable 
he would reply that it related to the city's water 
supply, which, when he took charge, was being 
rapidly overtaken by the city's great increase in 
population. The growth in population during 
the eighties exceeded 100,000, and it is generally 
conceded that the bulk of this increase took 
place after 1884, or during the latter half of the 
decade. The danger, or at least the possibility, 
of a water famine in the event of the slightest 
break-down in the machinery of the existing 
plant so impressed the mayor that he cordially 
endorsed the recommendations of Water Com- 
missioner Whitman and lent his influence to the 
movement, which resulted in work being com- 
menced to entirely reconstruct the system and 
furnish water settled and filtered in sufficient 
quantity to supply the demand of 1,000,000 
people. 

The history of the water supply of St. Louis 
is one of continual expenditure and improve- 
ment. So rapid has been the city's growth 
that no sooner has one s\stem been perfected 
than new works ha\-e been discussed. In the 
early days of the city water was procured by 
means of wells; and about seventy years ago 
the problem of water-works construction began 
to be discussed. Work was commenced on the 
first water-works in 1830. They were situated 
in the neighborhood of Ashley, Collins and 
Bates streets, and the first reservoir was on 



MUXICIPAL ] y- I -EL 0PM EXT. 



109 



Little Mound. Kugine-lioiises were built at the 
foot of Bates street, and a six-inch uiaiu laid. 
The enterprise was a prixate one, but did not 
prove very profitable to the investor, and the 
city was compelled to render financial assist- 
ance. In 1835 the works were purchased for 
$18,000, and before three years had expired 
they had proved to be altogether inadequate. 
Complaints are heard at the present time of 
the water rates bein^j higher than necessary, 
but they are small compared with the early 
charges, despite the fact that money at that 
time was much less plentiful than now. Pri- 
vate families were charged $10 or $:^0, ac- 
cording to the number of children, and the 
charges for stores, offices and factories varied 
from $10 to $500. Early in the forties consid- 
erable improvements were made, and in 184(j a 
third engine was put iip by Kingsland & Light- 
ner. In 1852 the Hercules engine was put up 
by Gaty & ]McCune. In 1.H54 the Benton Reser- 
voir, with a capacity of 40,000,000 gallons, was 
constructed, and in l'S5!) there were se\enty 
miles of iron pipe, and it was announced that the 
water supply was abundant. 

In 18(i5 the State Legislature passed a law 
creating a Board of Water Commissioners for 
St. Louis, and to the credit of this commission 
it should be stated that one of its first recom- 
mendations was the construction of a reser- 
voir and filtering-beds at the Chain of Rocks, 
with a conduit to Baden. The plan was re- 
jected in March, IHliB, and was severely criti- 
cised on the ground of its being experimental 
and even visionary in character. Time justifies 
a great many projects, and after the lapse of 
twenty years the Chain of Rocks was finally 
selected as the most appropriate point for the 
construction of an inlet tower. Had the recom- 
mendations of the commissioners been accepted 
in 18()5 and 18()(; the city would have been 
richer by several million dollars and its record 
for healthfulness, good as it has been, would 
have been far better. Bissell's Point was se- 
lected as the site for the works which were 
necessary and work was commenced upon them. 
The buildings, which are still in existence and 



THE 

WATER-WORKS 

TWENTY YEARS AGO. 



in use, comprise two series of structures, one 
for the high-service and the other for the low- 
service system. The reservoirs have each a 
capacity of 23,000,000 gallons, and before the 
demand for water became so great that it was 
impossible to allow sufficient time for settling, 
the supply was clear as well as abundant. The 
Compton Hill Reservoir was also constructed, 
with a capacity of 51!, 000, 000 gallons. This 
reservoir, being 1715 feet above the city direct- 
rix, i)ractically commands the entire city. 

In 1871 the system was 
practically completed. 
Accounts prepared at the 
time show that its capac- 
ity was, although large, far less than the de- 
mand it has been called upon to supply during 
recent years, and it has only been by incessant 
care that the wants of the people have been sup- 
plied. The new water-works, as they were 
called in 1871, cost the city about $4,000,000, 
and the valuation of the entire system and 
grounds was a little in excess of $7,000,000. 
In l'S8l contracts were let for a fourth high- 
service engine, and during that year Water 
Commissioner Whitman, in his report, said: 
"Another question requiring consideration and 
the oflScial action of the municipal authorities, 
is as to whether we shall continue to take the 
water from the river at Bissell's Point, or, in 
tlie extension of the works, they shall be planned 
with a view to taking the water higher up the 
river to the Chain of Rocks." Recommenda- 
tions, such as this, followed, and Mayor Fran- 
cis, as already stated, became thoroughly 
impressed with the importance of strengthening 
and increasing the service, and also of obtaining 
a supply from the Chain of Rocks, so as to 
avoid the danger of contamination b)- city sewers. 
Not only had the population of the city 
increased very rapidh-, but the consumption of 
water, per inhabitant, had also nearly doubled 
in ten years, increasing from fourteen and a 
half gallons per head per day in 1872 to about 
twenty-eight gallons in 1882. The collections 
for water license showed a still more remark- 
able growth, in spite of the frequent reductions 



110 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



in the charges, which enabled manufacturers to 
obtain water more cheaply than was possible 
elsewhere. In 1836 the annual collections were 
about $4,500, and it was not until the year 1840 
that the total exceeded $20,000. In 18.31 it was 
$30,000, and in 1860 it nearly reached $100,000. 
The collections since then have been as follows, 
the calculations being made to the months of 
April or May in each year: 



Year. 


Amount, 


Year. 


Amount. 


1861 


1 114,760 35 
123,690 25 
147,120 t)5 
170,313 .30 
208,340 90 
248,208 33 
248,575 30 

2ss,nio 07 

321,412 50 
323,102 00 
335,626 91 
373,194 GO 
426,922 59 
444,622 35 
414,870 44 
456,163 39 
445,041 14 


1878 

1879 

1880 


% 512,053 19 


1862 


550,140 60 


1863 


620,280 30 


1864 

1865 


1881 _ 

1882 


660,024 75 
706,145 65 


186C 


719,686 37 


1867 


18S4 - 

1885 


736,694 26 




7.59,265 53 


1869 


18SG 


800,325 70 


1870 

1871 


1887 --- 

1888 

1890 


919',975 18 




952,689 25 


1873 


1,017,016 20 


1874 

1875 




1892 


1,173,998 30 
1,235,933 30 


1877 





THE NEW WORKS 

AT THE 
CHAIN OF ROCKS. 



Although the projectors 
of the new water-works 
were not aware that in 
the year ending April, 
1893, more than $1,200,000 would be collected 
in water rates, they realized the impending 
growth of the city and predicted an enormous 
increase in consumption as a result both of the 
gain in population and in manufactures. The 
usual opposition was forthcoming, but with the 
aid of the mayor's influence a thoroughly com- 
prehensive scheme was finally adopted, and in 
the year 1888 contracts began to be let for the 
new works. They are situated at the Chain of 
Rocks, about twelve miles north of the business 
section of St. Louis, the plan being to secure 
pure water by aid of an inlet tower in the river, 
and to draw it through a gigantic conduit to the 
city proper. Among the appointments made by 
Mayor Francis, was that of Mr. j\I. L. Holman 
to succeed Mr. Whitman as water commis- 
sioner, and upon him has devolved the great 
work of construction. At the present time the 



works are nearly completed, and the city will 
soon have a water supply beyond criticism. 
Perhaps the most magnificent feature of the 
new water-works and their connections, is the 
seven-mile conduit between the Chain of Rocks 
and Rissell's Point. This conduit is one of the 
finest in the country, and has been constructed 
in the most substantial manner. 

The inlet tower stands well out from the 
shore, with which it is connected by an intact 
tunnel cut from the solid rock. About midway 
in the depth of the stream the water is let into 
the tunnel by means of six iron gates operated 
by hydraulic lifts. At low water eighty feet of 
the tower is visible, but at high water only about 
fifty feet. The tower cost abovit $100,000. A 
technical description of the works would occupy 
several images, and would only be of limited 
interest to those uninitiated into the mysteries of 
engineering. It is important, however, to note 
that the new basins and filter-beds will suflEice to 
settle and filter sufficient water to supply the 
needs of the city for the next ten years at least, 
and if the new works are overtaxed to the same 
extent as the old works, a sufficient supply will 
probably be forthcoming for ten j-ears longer. 
Five years have already been occupied in the 
work, and the total cost will be in the neighbor- 
hood of $4,000,000. 

We have already anticipated somewhat, as 
the works were only commenced during the ad- 
ministration of Mayor Francis. But the de- 
cision to obtain a supply several miles north of 
the city's sewer outlets, and to erect new works 
on a generous scale, marks such an epoch in the 
municipal growth of the city as to be deserving 
of more than passing mention. St. Louis is 
fortunate in being situated on the banks of a 
river which furnishes an unlimited supply of 
water of an exceedingly healthy character. 
Since it has been necessary' to overtax the works, 
the water has not been so clear as desired, but 
when filtered the water of the Missouri ri\er 
is at least as good as that furnished in any city 
in the country. Although the Missouri and 
Mississippi ri\-ers reach each other in their 
course se\'eral miles above vSt. Louis, they do 



ML WICIPAL DE I 'EL OPMENT 



111 



not tliorou<,^hIy unite until they have passed the 
city, the denser water of the Missouri being 
easily distinguished from the brighter Missis- 
sippi water as the two flow side by side between 
Alton and St. Louis. The Missouri water is far 
more suitable for drinking purposes and is freer 
from deleterious matter, and, although it has 
been criticised from time to time, the best an- 
swer to such criticisms is the exceptional health- 
fulness of St. Louis. The following table, taken 
from the Scientific American of December 9, 
1893, shows the death-rate iu the cities of the 
world credited with a population exceeding, or 
approximating, 500,000, the estimated popula- 
tion being that of 1892: 



London 

Paris 

New York 

Berlin 

Chicago 



Philadelphia 

Brooklj'D 

St. Louis 

Brussels 

Boston 

Baltimore 

Dublin 



2S.675 
23,856 
17.181 
13,. 590 
18,005 
12,249 

4,802 
4,359 
5,816 
4,806 
4,735 



19.11 
23.61 
26.47 
20.58 
18.95 
25.07 
21.95 
21.84 
18.47 
17.86 
23.88 
21.10 
27.05 



THE HEALTHIEST 
LARGE CITY 



IN THE WORLD. 



From this table it will be 
seen that St. Louis is the 
healthiest large city in the 
world. Countless millions 
ha\e l)eeu_ spent iu sanitary work in London, 
the death-rate in which city has been reduced 
rapidly, but it still stands higher than that of 
St. Louis, whose record of 18.47 to the thousand 
speaks volumes for the purity of its water supply 
and the efficiency of its sewer system. More- 
over, a death-rate of 18.47 is somewhat hi.gh for 
St. Louis, which has begun to look at anything 
much above 18 as exceeding the normal. 

Among the other .strictly municipal refonns 
effected during the administration of Mayor 
I'raucis, the sprinkling of the streets by munici- 
pal contracts may be mentioned, partly be- 
cause St. Louis iu this, as in many otiier things, 
set an example to the entire countr\-, and partly 



because of the phenomenal success which has 
been achieved. It is not to be suggested that 
Old St. Louis allowed the dust to blow as it 
pleased during the summer months. There 
were sprinkling contractors in abundance, but 
they did their work in quite a primitive style. 
They made a contract with the owner of a house 
or lot to sprinkle in front of his premises, and 
when every property holder on a block entered 
into the arrangement, fairly satisfactory but very 
costly service was rendered. What generally 
happened, however, was the omission of enough 
street frontage to spoil the entire work. Owners 
of vacant property were necessarily averse to 
paying large sums for sprinkling, and, hence, 
the peculiar phenomenon of streets sprinkled in 
sections and patches was common. Early in 
the term of Mayor Francis, the question of a 
comprehensive system of street sprinkling be- 
came a live subject, and a charter amendment 
having been obtained, a sprinkling department 
was formed and contracts were let for sprinkling 
most of the streets of the city. From the first 
the change was popular. The saving of ex- 
pense was enormous and the work far more 
satisfactory'. In his message to the Municipal 
Assembly in May, 1888, Mayor Francis claimed 
that the problem of abating the dust nuisance 
had been met and solved; and the experience of 
the last five years shows that he was correct. 
A large number of delegations have visited St. 
Louis from other cities to inspect the street 
sprinkling and investigate the system, and as 
a result many cities have already followed 
iu the footsteps of the metropolis of the West 
and Southwest. A mileage of streets covering 
about 450 miles is now sprinkled, and the cost 
is but little in excess of $150,000. It is prob- 
able that in the old system quite as much, if 
not more, was paid, although the service was 
not one-fourth as complete or satisfactorj'. 

Spacemakes it impossible to mention in detail, 
or even in the abstract, the countless interesting 
and important events which transpired during 
the administration of IVIayoi Francis. The visit 
of President Cleveland and the general decoration 
and illumination of the city in his honor may be 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



mentioned as the grandest spectacular event; 
and among the more strictly useful ones the 
completion and opening of the Grand Avenue 
Bridge is sufficiently important to deserve re- 
cording. Prior to the building of the bridge, 
Grand avenue, one of the best and most im- 
portant of the north and south streets, was 
divided into two parts by the Mill Creek Valley 
tracks, the crossing of which at grade practi- 
cally ruined that section of the avenue as a 
driveway. The new bridge, or viaduct, is a 
costly and handsome structure, and it has popu- 
larized Grand avenue as a driveway far more 
than even its projectors anticipated. 

The unexpired period of 



MAYOR j\'OONAN, 



Maxov Francis' term was 



/««y-/ay.y. ^jj^^^ ,^^, ^j^ George W. 

Allen, the president of the Council. Mr. Allen 
was succeeded in April, 1889, by Mr. Edward 
A. Noonan, whose administration was made 
conspicuous by an immense amount of munici- 
pal enterprise. Aside from the reconstruction, 
with electricity as the motive power, of at least 
tvv'o-tliirds of the street railroad mileage, the 
most important event of the Noonan administra- 
tion was, probably, the commencement of work 
by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad 
to secure an entrance to the city from the north, 
and to construct an independent system of ter- 
minals for its own use and for the convenience 
of roads with running powers over its tracks. 
This was a special hobby of Mr. Noonan, who 
recognized the tremendous importance of the 
work and who gave to it all the influence and 
weight the city government could lend. Scarcely 
less important was the final start on the new 
City Hall, which project had been talked of 
for a generation. While St. Louis had been 
outgrowing its water-works, it had completely 
outgrown the City Hall, which, although it 
answered the purpose for Old St. L,ouis, was 
absurdly inadequate for New St. Louis. As 
some indication of the growth of public senti- 
ment, it may be mentioned that in 1849 the 
City Council was authorized by legislation on 
the part of the State to "erect a City Hall on 
the square of land belonging to said city, sit- 



uated east of ]\Iain street, between Market and 
Walnut." The attempt was referred to in the 
Missouri Republican as " a foolish effort to ar- 
ray some feeling about the erection of a new 
market-house, stores, town hall and offices for 
the city officers on the square occupied by the 
old market and town hall." The "foolish 
effort" met with doubtful success, for four years 
later the same journal announced ' ' with regret 
that nearly all prospects of the purchase of a lot 
on which to erect the new town hall had been 
abandoned for at least the present session of the 
City Council. A bill, drafted with a view to 
the proposed edifice, and allowing Mr. James H. 
Lucas $(58,000 for the greater portion of the 
square bounded by Eleventh, Twelfth, Olive 
and Locust streets, has been under considera- 
tion of the Council for the past month or more, 
but was definitely killed at the session of Tues- 
day." 

Temporary accommodation was obtained in 
the new County Court House, and it was not 
until the year 18(38 that the subject of building 
a City Hall was revived. Four years later work 
was commenced on the building now generally 
condemned as inadequate, on Eleventh street, 
between Market and Chestnut. Mayor Brown, 
in a message to the Council shortly after work 
was commenced, expressed his regret that the 
city finances did not warrant the erection of a 
City Hall commensurate with existing needs 
and future growth, but he expressed satisfaction 
in the fact that the new building would do 
"indifferently well." It seems strange that 
only twenty years ago a building first designed 
to be two-stories high and to cost $48, 7. 30 
should have been deemed sufficient for the 
city's needs, and even when the plans were 
changed and a third story added, the total ex- 
penditure was only $70,000, and the actual re- 
sult a building which even the most loyal citizen 
is compelled to look upon with feelings of re- 
gret, if not contempt. In 1880 Mayor Overstolz 
criticised the City Hall severely. "The build- 
ing now occupied by the municipal depart- 
ments," he said, in his annual message, "was 
not intended to be permanent, was not built in 



MUNICIPAL DE VELOPMENT. 



113 



THE 
lEW CITY HALL. 



substantial manner, and does not afford the 
ecessary accommodations. It has stood the 
sst of use and time very indifferently, and for 
everal years past it has cost a considerable 
mount annually for repairs, and its condition 
3-day is certainly not favorable for the safety 
f the valuable archives, records and other prop- 
rty stored therein. In character and size it is 
iiadequate to the wants of the government, and 
:s appearance is discreditable to a city of the 
eputation, wealth and influence of St. L,ouis." 
The suggestion of the 
mayor was not acted upon, 
and possibly it is well that 
iirther delay was caused, because the idea at 
hat time was to enlarge the Court House and 
lake it do both for a Court House and City 
lall, an arrangement which would have been a 
oor makeshift and a further source of regret. 
lU through the eighties the question of a new 
'ity Hall was a live one, and shortly after Mayor 
loonan's inauguration, the agitation was brought 
3 a head and work was commenced on what 
romises to be one of the finest city halls in the 
,'orld. The building is now nearly under roof 
nd is being pushed forward as rapidly as pos- 
ible. It is situated in Washington Square, a 
lock and half southwest of the old hall, and two 
locks north of the old Union Depot. The 
quare had for some years been iised as a park, 
nd when the fence around it is removed, there 
/ill be enough space left on all sides of the City 
lall to pro\ide a very handsome public square, 
^he building has a frontage of 380 feet with a 
epth of about 220, and will have a floor surface 
f MO square feet on each of its stories. It is 
ve stories high, and a handsome bell-tower 
bout 200 feet high is to surmount it. The 
;eneral style of architecture is of the Louis XIV. 
rder, and the building will be similar in appear- 
nce, although much more massive and costly 
han the very attractive town halls to be seen in 
Jormandy and Northern France. The basement 
nd first story of the building are constructed of 
ilissouri granite, the material of the upper 
tories being buff Roman brick, with sandstone 
rinunings. 



The roof, upon which work is now in prog- 
ress, will be of black glazed Spanish tile, lend- 
ing a very handsome finish to a building which 
will be a distinct ornament to the city. The 
interior courts are being lined with white glazed 
brick, and the entire structure will be fire-proof 
throughout. In addition to the apartments in 
the basement, there will be 150 rooms in the 
hall. The Council Chamber and the House of 
Delegates, will each cover 4,500 square feet, and 
the Treasury and Collector of Water Rates 
departments, now so inadequate for the conven- 
ience of the public, will be even larger than 
these two debating chambers. The arrange- 
ments for the interior decorations are very elab- 
orate, and as at present arranged will consist of 
granitoid floors for the store and filing-rooms in 
the basement; mosaic and marble tile flooring 
for corridors and the public spaces of offices; 
the placing of fire-proof arches between the 
iron joints to the building and marble flooring in 
working spaces of the ofUces. Under the head 
of interior finish is also included the entire 
plumbing of the building, including marble 
walls and partitions of lavatories. The general 
scheme of decoration consists of treating the 
first-story corridors of the building, the central 
rotunda, the Council Chamber, the House of 
Delegates and the Mayor's office in quite an 
elaborate manner, as those parts of the building 
are the ones seen by the casual visitor, and it 
was thought that they should be made more dec- 
orative than the general offices of the building. 
The finish in those cases will consist of scagliola 
art marble, and will be dignified and monu- 
mental. The working rooms of the building are 
treated in a strictly utilitarian manner, and, 
while the large amount of wainscoting necessarj^ 
makes it expensive, it is strictly for the better- 
ment of the building, there being no waste in 
the way of an elaborate treatment that is purely 
ornamental. The absence of wood finish and 
the substitution of marble makes the building 
more strictly fire-proof, and also saves the ex- 
pense of keeping the woodwork presentable. 

The ceilings of the first-story corridors will be 
a succession of flat domes. These will be 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



treated in fresco, using a dead gold finish, and 
the under parts of the rotunda will be painted 
an old ivory tint, with the ornamental panels and 
plaster decorations picked out with gilt. The 
chambers of the Council and House of Delegates 
are wainscoted fifteen feet high, above which is 
a wide plain belt of plaster, which is to be 
painted a flat tint of old ivory. Above this belt 
is an elaborate frieze of plaster, the ornaments 
of which are picked out with gilt. All the 
above decorations will be done in the style of 
Louis XIV. All the walls above the marble 
wainscoting and the ceilings of offices are 
frescoed in flat tones. The cost of the building 
and the internal decorations, w'ith the furniture, 
will exceed $l,r)()0,000 and may approximate 
$2,000,000. 

Another event of special 
ELECTRIC . ^ r ■ ■ 

importance from a munici- 
STREET LlGMTim. ^^^ standpoint during Mr. 
Noonan's administration was the lighting of the 
city streets and alleys by electricity. St. Louis 
was the first city in the United States to illumi- 
nate its alleys throughout by electric light, and 
it was really the first city in the world to make 
arrangements for lighting the whole of its 
streets in the same way. It is scarcely neces- 
sary to speak of the earliest attempts to light 
the streets of St. Louis. In 1837 the State 
Legislature authorized the St. Louis Gas Light 
Company to erect works for lighting St. Louis 
and suburbs with gas. The charter was amended 
in 1839 and again in 1845, but the clause in the 
charter which was first taken advantage of was 
the one which authorized the company to do a 
banking business. In 1816 a contract was en- 
tered into between the city and the company, 
and in November, 1847, the city was first lighted 
with gas. For fort>-three years gas lamps held 
undisputed sway in St. Louis, but in the year 
1889 a new department was added to the city 
government, under the management of a super- 
visor of city lighting. The contracts with the 
gas companies expired on January 1, 1890, on 
which day the alleys were for the first time 
lighted throughout by means of the incandes- 
cent system. The electric company which had 



the contract for arc lights for the streets was 
not ready to commence on the same date, but 
on May 1st the entire city was lighted by elec- 
tricity. 

During the early part of 1890 there were 
erected 1,.JJ2 arc lights for the streets, 1,4(52 
incandescent lights for the alleys, and 3,442 in- 
candescent lights for public buildings. The 
work was rapidly increased, and early in 1891 
3.j(j miles of streets and 81 miles of alleys were 
thoroughly illuminated by electricity. To dc 
this more than 2,000 arc lights were required, 
and about 5,000 incandescent lights were in use 
in the alleys and in public buildings. The sys- 
tem has since been largely increased, and St. Louis 
is certainly the best lighted city on the conti- 
nent to-day. 

During the last eight or ten years great prog- 
ress has been made with the laying of puljlic 
sewers, and St. Louis, in addition to beinr 
favored with good streets and excellent lighting, 
has also a sewerage system which has conducec 
largely to the preservation of health and the 
general comfort of the inhabitants. The Mil! 
Creek Valley forms not only an excellent means 
of entrance for the railroads from the west, but 
also an unsurpassed center for a sewerage S)-s- 
tem. The Mill Creek sewer is the largest in the 
world, and it receives and discharges into the 
Mississippi river from the southern portion ol 
the city the sewerage and strong water of an 
area comprising 12,300 acres. The rapid growth 
of the city in every direction has made it neces- 
sary to lay off new sewer districts and to carrj' 
on an immense quantity of new work, but the 
demand has been fairly kept up Avith and there 
are now in the city nearly 400 miles of public 
and district sewers, with some twenty or thirty 
additional miles constructed every year. 

The city's finances are in a verv 

MUNICIPAL , 1^1 T..- T^i 1 1 1 

healthy condition. The bonded 

FINANCES. ^^^^^^ Qjj ,^p^;j jy^j^^ j,^f,2, was 

$21,524,(;80, which was reduced duringthe year 
bv about S 150,000.* Of this sum $135,000 was 



*Since the above was written the bonded indebtedness 
has been stiU further reduced, aud uow amounts to about 
$21,200,000. 



SC K 1. 1 A AD VANTA GES. 



115 



funiished by the sinking fund, and more than 
U?jOOO by premiums on the four per cent renewal 
3onds, which were placed in London. These 
jonds, redeemable in twenty years and bearing in- 
;erestat four per cent, were placed at 8101.1"), and 
luring this year ( l.S'JS) bonds of similar cliarac- 
:erto the extent of $1,250,000 were placed in 
London at par. This latter transaction was, 
:aking into account the condition of the money 
narket, even a greater achievement than that of 
1<S92, and shows clearly how the credit of St. 
Louis stands abroad. The total reduction in 
;he bonded debt within the last five years has 
imouuted to over $(500,000, and the annual in- 
terest charges have been reduced during that 
period from $1,131, 01*9 to less thau $1,000,000. 



The credit of New St. Louis is shown b)- the 
rapid decrease in the interest it is compelled to 
pay on its debt. In 1888 the interest paid 
varied from seven to four per cent, and averaged 
nearly six per cent. The average in 1889 was 
five per cent, and now it is about four and a half 
per cent. The city taxation is at the rate of 
forty cents per $100 for the payment of debt and 
interest, and varies from one dollar to si.xty cents 
for general purposes. Considering the immense 
amount of new public work made necessary by 
the city's growth and now actually in hand, the 
rate of taxation is exceedingly low, and may be 
mentioned as one of the inducements offered to 
manufacturers and others on the lookout for a 
location. 



CHAPTER XI. 

SOCIAL ADVANTAGES.* 

A CLEAN BILL OF HEALTH AND ITS CAUSES.-EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES.-ART.-LIBRARIES.— 

CHURCHES.-MUSIC.-THEATERS.-CLUBS.-HOTELS.-BENCH AND BAR.- 

MEDICAL.-JOURNALISM. 



Nb;W ST. LOUIS is a cosmopolitan city, 
not only in regard to its population, but 
also in the matter of its achievements. 
If this history has accomplished its pur- 
(gN pose, it has established the fact that 
New St. Louis is one of the most im- 
jortant manufacturing centers in the world; that 
t is the center of the most fertile region in Amer- 
ca; that its railroad facilities are unsurpassed 
Lud in many respects unapproached; that it has 
he best rapid transit street car service in America; 
hat its financial institutions are absolutely be- 
•ond suspicion and reproach; that it has prac- 
ically reconstructed itself by wholesale building 

*The reader is also referred to the Chapters on Mu- 
licipal .\chievements and on New Buildings. Only those 
ocial advantages not included in preceding chapters are 
Lealt with here. 



and rebuilding, and that in municipal matters 
generally it has been the pioneer in almost 
countless reforms and improvements. The 
space allotted for a historical sketch of New 
St. Louis has already been exceeded, but the 
subject cannot be left without a passing refer- 
ence to the social advantages, which are quite as 
conspicuous as those of a strictly mercantile and 
financial character. The city has fully appreci- 
ated the philosophy contained in the couplet: 

111 fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, 
Where wealth accumulates, and men decay. 

Hence it has not overlooked movements which 
are calculated rather to make men healthy and 
wise than strictly wealthy; and a large measure 
of success has attended the efforts thus made. 
There are still many reforms needed, and it 



116 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



would be idle to attempt to argue that New 
St. Louis is a model city. At the same time it 
compares most favorably with any other large 
city in the world, and although the pessimist is 
always abroad, many of his complaints and 
laments result rather from the expectation of the 
impossible, than any serious neglect or omission. 
We have already seen that St. Louis is the 
healthiest large city in the world. Various 
causes have combined to curtail its death-rate 
and to give it a clean bill of health. In the 
first place, the location of the city is favorable in 
the extreme. Scientists have of late derived 
much satisfaction from calling attention to the 
fact that the Mississippi river runs up hill, its 
source being nearer the earth's center than its 
mouth. If this is so, all the hill-climbing is 
done before St. Louis is reached, because the 
city directrix is 412 feet higher than the mean 
tide-mark of the Gulf of Mexico. The city is 
built on rising ground averaging many feet 
higher than the directrix, and hence although 
St. Louis cannot be described as a mountain 
city, it is certainly not a lowland town. 
Its climate is delightful in the extreme, the 
friendly shelter of mountains and hills pro- 
tects it from cyclones and other dangerous wind 
storms, and its location seems to guarantee to it 
immunity from the intense heat of the South 
and bitter cold of the North. The mean tem- 
peratures for the last half century are eighty de- 
grees for July, seventy-six degrees for August, 
and thirty-one degrees for January. The max- 
imum temperature for a year rarely exceeds 
ninety-five, and very seldom approaches a hun- 
dred. The average daily maximum for July, the 
hottest month in the year, has been about eighty- 
eight during the last six or eight years; while the 
average minimum for the same month has been 
about eighteen degrees lower. It is important to 
bear these figures in mind, because during ex- 
ceptionally warm spells a great deal is apt to be 
said alx)ut excessive heat, although it is a 
remarkable fact that the maximum temperature 
of St. Louis for a year is generally lower than 
that of cities some hundreds of miles further 
north, just as the minimum temperature is gen- 



erally higher than that recorded for cities nuich 
more southern. In other words, the climate of 
St. Louis, as a rule, is equable and healthy, and 
as a health resort the city is entitled to more 
than a passing word of praise. 

The health of the city has 
also been maintained by the 



GOOD WATER 
AND PURE AIR. 



excellence of the water supply. 
Efforts which can only be described as superhu- 
man have been made from time to time to show 
that St. Louis water is contaminated and unfit 
for drinking purposes. These efforts have been 
crowned with uniform and signal failure, and the 
fact has also been established that in the rare 
event of an epidemic the greatest suffering is 
always in houses which depend for their water 
supply on cisterns and wells. Even now, over- 
taxed as are the water-works, the supply of 
water is more than satisfactory, and when the 
new settling-tanks and filter-beds are in opera- 
tion, St. Louis will have a water supply as good 
as that of any large city in the world and above 
the possibility of suspicion. 

Like all manufacturing cities, St. Louis suffers 
from the emission into the air of large volumes 
of what is known to the law as "dense black" 
and "thick gray smoke." A writer in the 
Nc7v England Alagasine ior '^anvLaxy, 1892, says 
that " within ten years the temporary and ex- 
asperating evil of smoke from bituminous coal 
will be in a great part removed." The writer 
overlooked the fact that Old St. Louis has given 
place to New, and although only two years have 
elapsed since the able article from which the ex- 
tract is taken was written, the smoke nuisance 
has already been very largely remedied and re- 
moved. Too much credit can scarcely be accorded 
the Citizens' Smoke Abatement Association for 
its work in this direction. The leading spirits in 
the movement, to which reference has already 
been made, have been Messrs. L. D. Kingsland, 
Clark H. Sampson, Samuel M. Kennard, A. D. 
Brown, E. D. ]\Ieier, C. H. Huttig, and other 
manufacturers and merchants, while Prof. W. 
B. Potter, one of the best known mining en- 
gineers and metallurgists in the United States, 
has lent to the movement the knowledge gained 



SOCIAL ADl'AXTAGES. 



117 



by many years' experimenting and testing. The 
first step taken by the association was to satisfy 
itself that smoke can be abated, even when bi- 
tuminous coal is used, without the slightest 
hindrance to manufacture or commerce. This 
fact being finally established, it obtained leg- 
islation and inaugurated a canvass of the smoke- 
reducing plants of the city. Excluding hotels 
and private houses, several hundred offenders 
were listed, and moral suasion was brought to 
bear to prevail upon these to put in smoke- 
abatement devices without waiting for legal pro- 
ceedings. 

Already more than 500 grossly offending 
chimneys have ceased to deluge the air with 
smoke, and of the first 200 cases in which no- 
tice of prosecution was given, 195 secured a 
continuance, or rather a postponement, by pro- 
ducing satisfactory evidence that they had either 
abated the smoke or signed contracts to enable 
them to do so. Other experiments are being 
made with coke and smokeless coal; and al- 
though, as previously remarked, it is scarcely to 
be expected that St. Louis will ever be abso- 
lutely free from smoke, it is certain that long 
before the ten years aforesaid have expired, the 
city's attractiveness and healthiness will have 
been increased by the reduction of what has 
hitherto been almost a scandal, to nothing more 
than a sentimental grievance. 

During the New St. Louis pe- 
riod great progress has been made 



THE CITY'S 
PARKS. 



n the laying out and improving 
of the city parks. Thanks to the forethought 
of legislators in years gone by, the city has a 
better devised park system than that of any 
large city in the world. There are upwards of 
2,000 acres reserved for breathing grounds, and 
the best possible use is made of them. Forest 
Park, consisting of 1,371 acres, was purchased 
in 1874, and during the last few years it has 
been made far more attractive by the addition 
of a zoological department, while at the present 
time the project of raising a private fund for the 
erection of a museum in it is being seriously dis- 
cussed. The financial stringency of 1S!I3 has 
naturally retarded the enterprise, but New vSt. 



Louis has never been known to fail in good 
work of this character, and there seems no doubt 
that in the early fixture the project will materi- 
alize satisfactorily. The eastern portion of 
Forest Park is laid out with delightful drive- 
ways, while the western portion is less culti- 
vated and possesses rural charms very attractive 
to the visitor. 

Tower Grove Park, consisting of some 266 
acres, is a more highly improved recreation 
ground. It is not only a favorite driveway, but 
it has some magnificent statues, presented to 
the city by Air. Henry Shaw. These include 
the first bronze statue of Columbus ever erected 
in this country, and also other works of art of a 
costly and attractive nature. Adjoining Tower 
Grove Park is the jNIissouri Botanical Garden, 
known generally as Shaw's Garden, which was 
laid out by the deceased millionaire and be- 
queathed by him to the city. The garden cov- 
ers a space of about fifty acres, and is regarded 
as one of the finest botanical gardens in the 
world, attracting visitors from all sections. It 
was laid out without regard to expense, and is so 
richly endowed that it will be preserved for all 
time to come in its present magnificence. Its 
principal features are the main turf walk to the 
conservatory, the statue of Victor)-, the mauso- 
leum containing Henry Shaw's remains, the 
grand parterre, ornamented with flower-beds and 
statuary, the lotus ponds, water-lily ponds and 
show of water plants, the lodge for the garden 
pupils, a grand display of cacti, palms and 
exotics, the Linnean house, the summer house 
in the fruticetum, the willow pond in the arbo- 
retum grove and herbaceous grounds, the late 
residence of Henry Shaw in the garden, the 
grape arbor in the fniticetum, and labyrinth. 

The other city parks include recreation grounds 
in every section of the city, easily accessible by 
street cars. They are not described at any 
length here, because most of them were acquired 
before New St. Louis commenced to assert its 
influence and displace the old regime. For the 
same reason but a passing tribute can be paid to 
the police department, wliich is admitted to be 
one of the most efficient in the country,or to the 



118 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



fire department, which has no rival, and which 
has won praise from the chiefs of departments vis- 
iting St. Lonis from cities in almost every section 
of the world. 

In edncational 
matters New St. 



WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 
AND ITS WORK. 



Lonis has been as 
conscientionsly active as in those relating to 
wealth, health and comfort. It is a pleasing 
characteristic of the West that, no matter how 
rapid or spasmodic the growth of cities has been, 
the rights of the rising generation, in the matter 
of educational facilities, have never been over- 
looked. This has been the case in a most 
marked degree in St. Lonis, where the growth 
of the school system has fully kept pace with 
the phenomenal advance in other directions. 
The grandest educational institution in the 
city is the Washington University, which 
ranks among the very best colleges in the 
country. The charter under which the uni- 
versity was operated was signed by the gov- 
ernor of the State in 1853, on Washington's 
birthday. In the charter the institution thus 
formed was described as the Eliot Seminary, and 
later the name was changed to O' Fallon In- 
stitiite. The constitution declared that the 
institution should comprise a collegiate depart- 
ment, a female seminary, a practical and scien- 
tific department, an industrial school, and such 
other departments as the board of directors 
might determine. It was also very discreetly 
ordained that there should be no instruction 
sectarian in religion or partisan in politics, and 
that no sectarian or partisan test should be used 
in the selection of professors or officers of the 
institute. It was specially desired by the sev- 
enteen men who formed the first board of direct- 
ors that the university should be known In' the 
name of the first president, but Dr. Eliot ob- 
jected strongly, and after considerable wavering 
the board adopted his view and the university 
was given the name by which it always has 
been known during its forty years of extreme 
usefulness. 

Dr. Eliot outlived nearly all of his colleagues 
on the original board of directors, remaining 



president of that body until the year 1887, when 
his illustrious career was terminated by death. 
It is probable that if a vote could be taken on 
the question, a majority of the inhabitants of 
St. Louis would favor the name being changed 
back to the original appellation. The name 
"Washington" has been so largely adopted 
throughout the country for various purposes 
that it does not retain sufficient distinctive qual- 
ities to be a proper name for a large university 
in a central western city. There has, however, 
been little agitation of late on the question of 
name, the more important question of the possi- 
bility of having to move further west in order 
to obtain more accommodation, having received 
more attention at the hands of the directors. 
The university is at present located on Wash- 
ington avenue at the summit of the first hill 
above the actual bluffs. The southern wing of 
the building and the chemical laboratory were 
erected in 1855, and about the same time the 
Polytechnic Building was erected on the corner 
of Seventh and Chestnut streets for further 
work in connection with the university, espe- 
cially in its industrial department. The Poly- 
technic Building still stands, though it has 
passed out of the hands of educational directors 
and is now occupied by the Real Estate Ex- 
change and by real estate firms. At a compar- 
atively early date the building is likely to be 
torn down and replaced by a more lofty and 
more modern structure, better adapted for the 
purposes of connnerce and finance. 

The Polytechnic Building was nearly nine 
years in erection, and its final cost, including 
the site, was $400,000. In the meantime the 
outbreak of the war had hampered the univer- 
sity's finances, and the institution found itself in 
debt with a building on its hands entirely un- 
suited for the purpose for which it was con- 
structed. In l<S(i.S the Iniilding was sold to tlie 
St. Louis Board of Education for $280,000, and 
with the money thus obtained the university 
proper began to make up for the time lost by 
the war and the mistake made in the designs of 
the Polytechnic. Mr. William Chouvenat was 
then chancellor, and during his administration 



SOCIAL ADVANTAGES. 



119 



the university made great progress. The jMary 
Institute, organized in LS.")!), had already been 
established on a firm footing, and the Poly- 
technic School, with technical courses in engi- 
neering and chemistry, was formed. In 1870 
Chancellor Chouvenat died, and Dr. Eliot as- 
sumed the duties of chancellor as well as presi- 
dent. He lived to see the dream of his j'outh 
very largely carried out. The Swift Academy 
became separated from the undergraduate depart- 
ment and was established in a building of its own. 
The Manual Training School, admitted to be 
one of the finest of its class in the world, was 
established on a firm footing, and has since 
attained popularity which has made it more 
than famous. The St. Louis ^ledical School is 
one of the many branches of the university; 
and by the will of Henry Shaw a school of 
botany has been endowed with facilities for 
studying botany unexcelled in any institution in 
the world. As already stated, Dr. Eliot died in 
bS,S7. He was succeeded by Mr. G. E. Leigh- 
ton as president, and by Prof. W. S. Chapman 
as chancellor. There are between 1,.")()U and 
1,()U0 students enrolled in the university, and 
there is every probability of a scheme material- 
izing at an early date whereby the institution 
will move out in the suburbs and build for itself 
a larger home, more suitable in every way for 
the carryingoutof the great work inaugurated by 
some of St. Louis' greatest men forty years ago. 
The Washington Observatory in connection 
with the university is one of the most impor- 
tant in the world. It gives time, to use the 
technical expression, to thousands of public, 
railroad and other clocks, regulating the official 
time and correcting it to actual time over a larger 
area than any other observatory iu the world, 
with the single exception of that of Greenwich, 
near London, England, from which the degrees 
of longitude are calculated. 

The School of Fine Arts in 
connection with the university 
has its home i n a very appropriate 
and attractive building situated 
at Eighteenth and Locust streets. A history 
of the early struggles of art and artists in this 



THB MUSEUM 



Fl.SE ARTS. 



city would be of great interest, but it is impossi- 
ble to handle it iu this place in a manner satis- 
factory to experts. Just before the war the 
Western Academy of Arts was established, with 
Mr. Henry T. Blow as its first president. The 
outbreak of hostilities put a stop to the career 
of the academy, and it was not until 1872 that 
another attempt was made. In the latter year 
the Art Society was established, with Mr. 
Thomas Richeson as president. By this society 
many of the unique specimens on view in the 
reading-room of the Public Library were col- 
lected and donated. The society ceased to have 
any practical influence after 1878. In 1877 the 
St. Louis Sketch Club was established, and in 
1878 Mrs. John D. Henderson formed and opened 
a school of design. 

In 1881 the School of Fine Arts in connection 
with Washington University was finally estab- 
lished, in pursuance of the plan originally de- 
termined upon by the founders of the institution. 
Prior to this date the School of Fine Arts had 
been announced, but the year 1881 saw it located 
in a permanent home. On the lOtli of Ma)', 
1881, ]\Ir. Wa\-man Crow, than whom a more 
loyal St. Louisan never lived, donated to the 
university the magnificent structure known as 
the St. Louis Museum of Fine Arts. When this 
home for the preservation of the beautiful was 
constructed, Lucas place, as it was then called, 
was exclusively a residence locality. Since then 
its name has been changed to Locu.st street, and 
factory after factory has been erected on its 
frontage lines. In the midst of these monu- 
ments to commercial progress the museum 
stands out in bold relief as an exponent of an 
entirely different idea, and also a different style 
of architecture. The auditorium will seat nearly 
1,000 people, and the fi\e galleries are graced 
with many works of art which would have been 
lost to St. Louis but for the princely generosity 
of Mr. Wayman Crow and the zeal of those who 
have watched over the museum with almost 
tender solicitude. Prof. Halsey C. Ives, who 
has been connected with art movements in 
St. Louis for many years, is now at work on a 
project of far greater magnitude than any he has 



120 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



yet identified himself with, and students and 
lovers of art will have no cause to consider 
themselves neglected or overlooked. 

The influence of Washington University and 
the numerous institutions connected with it has 
been of immense value to St. Louis in every 
way. Mention has been made in the mercantile 
chapters of this work of the importance of ce- 
menting the relations between St. Louis and the 
Spanish-American republics. This work is be- 
ing done, not only by the agency of St. Louis 
business men and their representatives traveling 
throughout the countries named, but also by the 
education of quite a large number of Mexican 
young men at Washington University. Al- 
though there are no arrangements for students 
to board in the institution, a very large number 
of non-resident students are al\va>s enrolled, 
and these find convenient board accomnaodation 
close to the great seat of learning. Among the 
prominent business and professional men of St. 
Louis a singularly large percentage graduated 
from the University on Washington avenue, and 
this is also the case of many of the leading men 
of Missouri and adjoining States. The exact 
location of the future home of the university is 
in doubt at the present time, but its future is 
assured. No institution of St. Louis has done 
more to make the city famous and respected. 

The public school system 
of St. Louis ranks among 



THE PUBLIC 
SCHOOL SYSTEM. 



the very best in the world. 
At the Columliian Plxposition exhibits from these 
schools obtained eleven highest awards, and the 
exhibits attracted so much attention that a large 
number of visitors to the Fair, including officials 
from several States, visited St. Louis before 
returning to their homes for the express purpose 
of familiarizing themsehes with the methods 
which had so excited their admiration. The 
triumph at the World's Fair was by no means a 
surprise to those who have taken an interest in 
the St. Louis schools, because the city has been 
looked upon for years as the pioneer in advanced 
studies for the masses, and the St. Louis system, 
as it is frequently called, has been adopted by a 
large number of the best cities in the country. 



Without attempting a detailed history of the rise 
and progress of the public schools of St. Louis it 
may be said that their earliest triumphs were 
achieved during the administration of Dr. Wm. 
T. Harris, who was for twenty years connected 
with our public schools, and who has since made 
an international reputation as United States edu- 
cational commissioner. His work in connection 
with the public schools was of the noblest possi- 
ble character, and the excellent plan that he 
formulated and popularized, has not been mate- 
rially varied since he left the city. 

The chief difficulty with which his successors 
have had to contend, has been in the rapid 
increase in the number of applicants for admis- 
sion. In 1875 there were fifty-six school-houses 
in St. Louis, with about 30,000 seats. In 1881 
the number of houses had increased to 103, and 
the accommodation to a little over 42,000. In 
the last days of Old St. Louis, the sitting accom- 
modation of the public schools was about 4j,000, 
which was increased very rapidly to 50,000, 
which was the return in the early part of 1889. 
In 1890 there were 111 school-houses with 51,645 
seats. In 1891 additions to the existing schools 
provided accommodation for nearly 2,000 more 
scholars, and in 1892 the opening of new 
schools increased the seats to nearly 57,000. At 
the present time the demand for new schools is 
being met as rapidly as possible, and during the 
first quarter of the school year 1893-94, the 
attendance reached 61,252, an increase of 3,400 
on the preceding quarter. Despite the efforts of 
the authorities, 3(35 children were unable to find 
sitting accommodation at the schools when the 
last report was issued, and although work is 
being continued in school building and enlarge- 
ment, the number of children grows so rapidly 
that great difficulty is experienced in keeping 
up with the demand. 

It will be observed that during the last twenty 
years the accommodation has been more than 
doubled, notwithstanding the fact that during 
that period a very large number of very excel- 
lent private schools have been established. 
Even during the New St. Louis era there has 
been an increase in school attendance of more 



S0C/.4L ADVANTAGES. 



121 



FROM KI.XDERGARTEN 

TO 

THE 'HIOH." 



than thirtv-three per cent. It now costs more 
than $1,()OU,000 a year in teachers' salaries alone 
to maintain the teachers' staff; and it is notorious 
that St. Louis pays a higher grade of salaries 
for teachers than any other city, the desire be- 
ing to obtain the best possible tuition for chil- 
dren. The salaries range as high as $o,()()() a 
year, and the system of advancement as a re- 
ward of merit has had the effect of keeping the 
best teachers in the city, and encouraging tal- 
ented instructors from every point to come to 
St. Louis. 

Commencing with the 
youngest children, refer- 
ence may be made to 
the kindergarten classes, 
at which the attendance exceeds 5,000. Kin- 
dergartens are established in nearly all the dis- 
trict schools, and it is about twenty years since 
the experiment was commenced. The kinder- 
garten, as found in St. Louis, is not a nursery, 
but is an attempt to instruct the little people in 
necessar}- study, and to lay the foundation of the 
education they will require in later years. Froe- 
bel's idea was to develop in each child the germ 
of intelligence, and the leading fundamental 
principle of his method is developed. " I see 
in every child," said he, "the possibilities of a 
perfect mind;" and this is the underlying prin- 
ciple of the kindergarten course in the St. Louis 
schools. The adoption of games makes it pos- 
sible to accomplish the object without difficulty; 
and this is done with invariable success. The 
child is not only taught to distinguish between 
the colors and the different letters, figures and 
words, but it is also instructed in manners and 
polite habits, and to practice the etiquette and 
amenities of polite life. Prof. Long, who is now 
superintendent of the schools, entered very 
heartily into the spirit of his eminent predeces- 
sor, and the interest Mr. Long takes in the kin- 
dergarten department is largely responsible for 
the high state of efficiency which has been 
maintained. 

Children enter the kindergarten class at six, 
though they are often found as young as five. 
The age at which they enter upon other depart- 



ments necessarily varies, but it is found that the 
influence of this early tuition remains through- 
out their entire educational period. The enroll- 
ment in the kindergarten schools now exceeds 
8,000, and it has been suggested frequently that 
a change should be made in the law so as to let 
the children commence at four, instead of six. 
Forty-five schools have kindergartens connected 
with them, in six of which the children are al- 
lowed to attend all day, while in the remainder 
the children attend half a day only and thus 
increase the number of children able to obtain 
education in this preliminary' but important 
branch. 

In the intermediate and higher grades, a high- 
class education, fully equal to that obtained in 
comparatively costly academies and colleges is 
given. It is the desire and policy of the School 
Board that every pupil shall pass right through 
the course of study from the Kindergarten to 
the High, but when owing to accident or other- 
wise, a child has to leave school after passing 
through the early grades, he can fill a position 
often nearly as well as his more fortunate broth- 
ers. In addition to a full course in reading, 
writing, arithmetic and national history, each 
child has the benefit of a complete system of 
calisthenics and enlightened control of discipline, 
and a comprehensive arrangement of those lines 
of instruction indispensable to people who have 
to make their own way in life. As in all manu- 
facturing cities, the children are apt to leave 
school at too early an age, and one of the difficul- 
ties which has beset not only Prof. Harris, but 
also his successors, is how to crowd a full course 
of training which ought to occupy eight or ten 
years into five or six. Difficult as the task 
necessarily appears, it has been accomplished 
with great success, and the teachers deserve 
great credit for their triumphs in this direction. 
For those who are compelled to leave school 
prematurely, an excellent system of night 
schools is in operation, and some of the very 
best business colleges in the United States en- 
able young men and ladies to put the finishing 
strokes to what may be termed a commercial 
training. 



122 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



The Normal and the High schools are uni- 
versities in everj'thing but name, and those who 
are fortunate enough to be able to graduate from 
either can hold their own in almost any com- 
pany. A vSt. Louis Normal diploma gives an 
applicant for a teacher's position exceptional 
advantage over his or her competitors, and many 
of the most successful principals in the country 
graduated from this favored city. There is 
also a Normal school for colored children who 
desire to adopt teaching as a profession; and edu- 
cation's good influence is felt in every class and 
by all people. 

In addition to the ad- 



PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS 
AND COLLEOES. 



mirable public schools 
of the city, St. Louis 
has a parochial school system which does ex- 
cellent work. The city has grown so rapidly 
that the financial resources of the Board of Edu- 
cation have been taxed to the uttermost to keep 
pace with the growth in the number of children 
of school age, and were it not for the fact that 
the parochial schools take care of more than 
20,000 children, and give them a high-class 
education, it would have been impossible to 
make both ends meet. The Catholic population 
of St. Louis has not neglected its duty towards 
the rising generation, and the amount of money 
it has raised for the maintenance of parochial 
schools reflects the greatest credit upon its sin- 
cerity and liberality. 

There are more than forty parochial schools, 
employing nearly 200 teachers, and the average 
attendance is between 22,000 and 23,000. When 
parents are in a position to pay, a small tuition 
fee is charged, but a large percentage of the 
children are taught entirely free of charge. The 
teachers in the Catholic schools are taken from 
the ranks of tlie Christian Brothers, Sisters of 
Charity, Sisters of Mercy, and the members of 
various orders, and they are hence excep- 
tionally competent in the performance of their 
duties. The parochial school buildings are of 
an improved character, and are generally well 
ventilated and appointed. Children are received 
between the ages of six and fifteen, and when 
they have graduated they have an opportunity 



of entering one or another of the numerous 
Catholic colleges in the city. 

Without attempting to give a list of these col- 
leges and universities, one or two must be men- 
tioned as deserving of special praise. The 
Christian Brothers' College is perhaps the most 
prominent. The Christian Brothers came here 
from France nearly half a century ago and 
established themselves at Eighth and Cerre 
streets. With the birth of New St. Louis the 
Brothers went west and purchased a ten-acre 
tract at the corner of Easton avenue and King's 
Highway, where they erected a building oi 
brick and stone, designed in the shape of a cross, 
consisting of a central edifice and four Avings. 
It has a frontage of 370 feet, a depth of 200 
feet and an elevation of 110 feet. In the centei 
is a fine rotunda 60 feet square. Every modern 
convenience is provided. Tlie college is a com- 
uumity in itself, and its location, buildings and 
grounds are not excelled for educational pur- 
poses in the Mississippi Valley. It is easily ac- 
cessible by the Easton a\euue cars from the 
heart of the city, and is just far enough out tc 
combine rural and city life. The curriculum 
comprises preparatory, commercial, collegiate, 
literary and scientific courses. There are gener- 
ally from 300 to 400 students at the college, anc 
a corps of thirty-three professors, all of whon 
with the exception of three are Christian Broth- 
ers, is engaged. 

The St. Louis University has been identifiec 
with St. Louis for nearly seventy years. It wa; 
originally located in a home constructed in tlu 
tliirties on what is now known as Ninth anc 
Christy avenue, but what was then looked upoi 
as out in the woods. In 18(57 a much more 
suitable site was purchased on Grand avenuf 
and Pine street, wdiere there has been erectec 
one of the grandest educational buildings in the 
United States. It has the form of a reversed L 
the base line being on the left instead of tlu 
right side of the perpendicular. The front oi 
Grand avenue measures 270 feet, and all tha 
portion of the building is devoted to colleg( 
purposes. The resident portion is furthe; 
west. The immense structure is built of bricl 



SOCI.IL AD I 'ANTA GES. 



123 



md stone, and its architectnre is early decorated 

English Gothic. It has a magnificent mnsenni, 

iine laboratory and Iil)rary, and all the adjuncts 

jf a thoroughly equipped college, including a 

ecture-room with seating capacity of 500. The 

:ollege has an attendance of about 350, and its 

nstructors are Jesuit Fathers. 

It would be interesting, if space permitted, to 

mention in detail the various schools and edu- 

:ational institutions of St. Louis; but this 

Deing impossible, the subject must be dismissed 

ivith the statement that few cities in the world 

ire more thoroughly equipped for educational 

purposes than St. Louis. Men can be trained 

:or the highest professions; and the higher 

education of women has been remembered and 

provided for in a manner which disarms criticism 

it the threshold. 

The libraries of St. 
LIBRARIES, _ . ., 

Louis, if not so nnmer- 
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE. . ., , 

ous as some of those to 

je found in the older cities of the East, make 
ip in efficiency and completeness what they 
lack in numbers. Many of the city's promi- 
nent men have private lil:)raries of the grandest 
type, and the city has two public libraries which 
ire an honor to the municipality and a constant 
source of profit and entertainment to the stu- 
dent and searcher after knowledge. The Mer- 
cantile Library will soon celebrate its semi- 
centennial. It has now nearly, if not quite, a 
hundred thousand valuable volumes, although 
its first report speaks with gratification of the 
possession of less than two thousand. Under 
the able management of Mr. John M. Dyer, 
one of the best librarians the country has seen, 
the library grew and prospered, and the dream 
of that gentleman's life was realized some 
four or five years ago when the new fire-proof 
])uildiiig at the corner of Sixth and Locust 
was erected as a safe home for the priceless 
treasures owned by the association. A statue of 
Mr. Dyer in the library serves as a painful re- 
minder that he died of overwork in connection 
with ino\ingand rearranging the books in their 
new home. 

I'orty years ago the library built what was 



then regarded as a very fine hall, which was 
used for con\-ention purposes again and again. 
It became out of date with the birth of New St. 
Louis, and the present building is more in keep- 
ing with the demands of the times. It is a very 
handsome six-story building of Romanesque 
character. The library halls are twenty feet in 
height, and the arrangements are complete in 
every detail. 

The Public Library, which in the year 18tl4 
will be made a free library in the full sense of 
the term, is a child of the School Board. For 
many years it was known as the Public School 
Library, but more recently it has been known as 
the Public Library, and greater effort has been 
made to popularize it with the public. It had 
its home for twenty-five years in the Polytechnic 
Building, purchased, occupied and finally sold 
by the School Board after a series of blunders 
which will be remembered as long as St. Louis 
remains a city. The library is now located in a 
lofty building at the corner of Ninth and Locust 
streets, which has already been described in this 
work. The number of books on its shelves does 
not differ materially from that at the Mercantile 
Library. 

The St. Louis Law Library contains the best 
collection of legal works to be found in the West. 
More than twelve thousand volumes of standard 
legal authors, as well as other works, are to be 
found, and the records of decisions in different 
States is complete in the extreme. The libra- 
ries at the St. Louis and Washington universi- 
ties have a reputation extending over the entire 
country; and the Odd Fellows' Library contains 
a collection of books of inestimable value. 

St. Louis, while it 
cannot compete with 



CHURCHES AND 
RELiaiOUS INSTITUTIONS. 



Brooklyn for the title 
of the "City of Churches," is still admirably 
equipped with religious edifices of all characters 
and denominations. The gradual tendency of 
recent years has been to go west, and church 
after church has found a new location and a new 
home on the suburban side of Grand avenue. 
There are now about three hundred churches in 
St. Louis, man\- o{ them most inagiiificent in 



124 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



character. The old Catholic Cathedral on Wal- 
nut street, between Second and Third, is in a 
wonderful state of preservation. Its corner-stone 
was laid sixty-two years ago, and the Cathedral 
was opened fifty-nine years since. The exterior 
shows evidences of the ravages of time, but it is 
still in excellent condition, and the interior is as 
l)eautiful as ever. When first erected it was by 
far the finest structure devoted to religious pur- 
poses west of the Alleghany mountains, and it 
is still among the most interesting, if not the 
most magnificent, religious edifices in the coun- 
try. The interior is divided into a nave and 
two aisles, the double row of dividing columns 
being in Doric style and built of brick covered 
with stucco. 

The Rock Church, or, more properly, vSt. AI- 
phonsus', on Grand avenue and Finney, is reall\- 
a second cathedral. It was erected by the Re- 
demptorist Fathers, many of whom actually 
performed manual labor on the structure while 
in course of erection. It is one of the special 
features of the city to which the attention of 
visitors is called, and it is one of the most hand- 
some cathedral churches in the West. 

The Episcopal Cathedral is also a credit to the 
city. The first parish of the Episcopal Church 
west of the Mississippi river was organized in 
LSiy, when the population of St. lyouis was only 
about 4, ()()(). From that time the Episcopal 
Church in St. Louis has grown both in the num- 
ber of its edifices, in its infiuence and in its 
church membership. In bSd? the present ca- 
thedral, on Fourteenth and Locust streets, was 
erected, and al^out five years ago it became the 
spiritual home of the diocese of Missouri. Aided 
by a magnificent endowment from an unknown 
source the church has been placed in a sound 
financial condition, and subsequently a donation 
of $15,000 has been made for the purpose of 
erecting a cathedral home or mission. The 
conditions of this latter donation have just been 
fulfilled. 

Among the numerous Episcopalian churches 
in the city may be mentioned the Holy Com- 
nnniion, St. George's and vSt. Mark's Memorial 
and St. Peter's, although this is but a very par- 



SACRED EDIFICES 

WITH 

INTERESTING HISTORIES. 



tial record and does not attempt to particularize. 
The Presbyterian churches are also numerous. 
The First Presbyterian Church of St. Louis was 
the first church of that denomination established 
west of the Mississippi river. This church was 
erected in 1825, and has only recently been de- 
molished. Its successor has its home on Wash- 
ington avenue and Sarah street, in a much more 
pretentious building erected five years ago. The 
Second Presb\terian Church, on Seventeenth and 
Locust streets, is a comparatively old building, 
having been erected prior to the war at an ex- 
penditure of $30,000. It is in an excellent 
state of preservation, and is looked upon as a 
very representative church. The same denom- 
ination has a splendid structure on Grand ave- 
nue, near Olive street, and a number of othei 
churches. 

The Alethodist- 
Episcopal denomina- 
tion made a splendid 
showing in a religious 
census recently taken. The Trinity Church, 
erected in 1857, and originally known as the 
Simpson Chapel, holds the record of having 
been the only Northern Methodist church whicl: 
held services regularly throughout the war 
This was not the first church in St. Louis of the 
denomination, whose record goes back as far as 
the eighteenth century. The Rev. John Clart 
preached in St. Louis in 17i^l8, and about twent\ 
years later the Rev. Jesse Walker established £ 
Methodist-Episcopal church in the city. This 
church eventually connected itself with the 
Southern branch of the denomination. The 
other Methodist churches in St. Louis include 
some edifices, not only of great influence, bul 
also of interest in historical records. Amonc 
them mav be mentioned the Centenary, at Six- 
teenth and Pine streets; St. John's, at Locust 
street and Ewing avenue, and others, some be- 
longing to the Methodist-Episcopal Church, 
North, and others to the Methodist-Episcopa' 
Church, South, both denominations being sup- 
ported by prominent and influential citizens. 

The Second Baptist Church, on Locust anc 
Beaumont streets, may be regarded as the home 



SOCf.U. AD I ■.LVV.iaES. 



125 



:>{ the earliest Baptist congregation of vSt. Louis. 
riie present magnificent structure, with its ex- 
rellent appointments, dates only from l.STH, but 
:he congregation which worships in it claims 
much greater antiquity. The Baptists enjoy the 
lionor of having been the first to build a Prot- 
estant church in this country west of the Mis- 
sissippi river, they having completed a sacred 
edifice near Jackson, in Cape Girardeau county, 
nearly ninety years ago. The same denomina- 
iou has in St. Louis a church on Grand avenue 
It the corner of Washington, and another on 
;he same avenue, but much farther north. It is 
ilso well represented elsewhere in the city. 

The oldest religious Hebrew association in 
he city is the United Hebrew Congregation, 
,vliicli erected a s\nagogue just before the war 
m Sixth street, between Locust and St. Charles. 
riie building was subsequently sold and con- 
/erted into a commercial establishment, the 
:ongregation moving to Olive and Twenty-first 
streets. More recently it, or rather members 
)riginally connected with it, have erected Temple 
[srael and Shaare Emeth, both known as repre- 
jcutative and handsome churches. 

The Church of the Messiah, presided over by 
sue of the ablest orators and writers in the West, 
-epresents the Unitarian idea in St. Louis. This 
:hurch was erected in 1879 and 1880, the build- 
ng being finally dedicated in December, 1881. 
[n style it is early English Gothic, the blue 
imestone being relieved by horizontal strands 
jf sandstone, which material is also used for the 
ivindow and door trimmings. 

Such is a brief record of the churches con- 
lected with the leading denominations in St. 
Louis. All that has been attempted has been 
;o show that the social advantages include ample 
provision for spiritual training. 

The value of good music 
has been thoroughly appreci- 
ated in New St. Louis, and the 
)est of conscientious music as compared with 
:he purely commercial article is rapidly obtain- 
ing the appreciation it deserves. The old Phil- 
lianuouic Society spent several thousand dollars 
in its efforts to revolutionize nuisic and to send 



\EW ST. LOUIS 
AND MUSIC. 



out missionaries into the homes, churches and 
institutions of the city and give a higher tone to 
instrumental and vocal music generally. 

The Choral Society is more strictly a New 
St. Louis organization, and it has done splendid 
work for St. Louis, although it is to be regretted 
that much of the expense has been borne by 
private individuals, whose modesty has prevented 
the public becoming acquainted with the debt it 
owes them. During the last fourteen years the 
society has spent sufficient money to bring to 
St. Louis the very best soloists in the country, 
and its work has been so successful that the 
production of the " IMessiah " in Christmas 
week of 1893, with Miss Emma Juch and other 
singers of national reputation as soloists, is ex- 
pected to be one of the finest productions of this 
great oratorio ever heard in this country. This 
will be the twelfth production of the ' ' Messiah ' ' 
in St. Louis; and it is safe to say that for many 
years to come this magnificent inspiration will 
be heard in the western and southwestern metrop- 
olis during Christmas week. The society is 
educating public tastes so rapidly that it is be- 
coming self-supporting. In 1891 the sum of 
$.'),4(i() had to be raised to meet the deficiency 
caused by the engagement of high-class talent. 
In the season of 1892-93 the deficit was only 
$3,600, which was promptly made iip, and the 
indications are that the season of 1893-9-4 will 
be about self-supporting. 

The influence of the society has been felt in 
public institutions of every character. The 
singing in the churches in St. Louis is now ex- 
ceptionally fine, and the same may be said of 
several of the local institutions. In another 
way the Philharmonic and Choral societies have 
shown their influence. Old St. Louis had a 
reputation among advance agents as being an 
excellent town for concert companies to miss. 
New St. Louis, thanks largely to the Choral 
Society, has a very different reputation, for any 
good company can secure a crowded house. 
During the thirty days between April 12 and 
May 12, 1.S93, there were eleven high-class con- 
certs in St. Louis, and these received the sum of 
$1."), ()()() as a reward for their excellence. 



126 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



THEATERS 

AND 

CONCERT HALLS. 



As an amusement center 
generally St. Louis has a 
high reputation. JNIention 
has already been made of the 
special attractions provided during the autum- 
nal festi\al period, and a record has been made 
of the early struggles of the first theater con- 
structed in the city. There are now six thor- 
oughly equipped first-class theaters in the city, 
with a seating capacity of more than 12,000, 
independent of the (5,000 seats in the two halls 
within the Exposition Building. For six sea- 
sons in succession five of these theaters have 
been well supported, and the best theatrical tal- 
ent of the country has been seen at them. St. 
Louis' patronage has been also liberal enough to 
attract the best actors of foreign countries tour- 
ing in America, and the appreciation of high- 
class histrionic work is proverbial. At the 
Olympic Theater, on Broadway, opposite the 
vSoutheni Hotel, Joseph Jefferson, Edwin Booth, 
Lawrence Barrett and Fanny Davenport may be 
mentioned among leaders in the profession who 
have played very successful engagements. The 
Grand Opera House, is equally popular, and 
here also some of the greatest performers of the 
day have been seen. In addition to the best 
American actors and actresses, such conspicuous 
figures in the theatrical world of other nations 
as Sarah Bernhardt and Wilson Barrett have 
been seen repeatedly. The orchestra of the 
Cxrand is exceptionally good, and, like the Olym- 
pic, the theater is first-class in every respect. 

Among the newer bids for the support of the 
theater-going fraternity may be mentioned the 
Hagan Opera House, erected about two years 
ago. The Hagan is a novelty in more ways 
than one. The construction and plan involved 
a maximum of common sense and convenience, 
while the management, in going as far west as 
Tenth street, showed an ability to read the signs 
of the times, which subsequent patronage has 
proved to have been exceedingly valuable. The 
newest of St. Louis' first-class theaters is the 
Germania, which is still farther west, being sit- 
uated at the corner of Fourteenth and Locust 
streets. Here are represented German plays of 



high character, and the patronage of the house 
is a tribute to the power of appreciation of the 
German element in St. Louis' population, an 
element which has done so much to maintain the 
stability of the city. 

St. Louis is also exceedingly well cared for in 
the matter of summer opera. The oldest sum- 
mer-garden theater in St. Louis is Uhrig's Cave, 
which dates from six or seven years prior to the 
war. During the summer evenings light opera 
is produced here by companies of established 
reputation, and empty seats are seldom seen. 
Close to the Cave is the Pickwick Theater, a 
favorite house of the numerous amateurs of 
promise of St. Louis. On the south side Schnai- 
der's Garden, with its commodious and indeed 
luxurious summer theater, provides entertain- 
ment for dwellers in the southern wards. The 
new Sportsman's Park is also so arranged as to 
make it available for operatic and spectacular 
performances during the summer evenings. In 
the southern portion of the city Liederkranz 
Hall is very popular for high-class entertain- 
ments, and there are now in course of construc- 
tion several additions to the entertainment halls 
and ball-rooms of the city. 

New St. Louis is rich in the 
extreme in the matter of clubs. 



CLUBS AND 
CLUB LIFE. 



Of the Commercial, the IMercan- 
tile and the Noonday clubs mention has already 
been made. The two latter have been spoken 
of more in their business or commercial aspects, 
but thev are also important factors in the society 
appointments of this great city. Since moving 
into its new building the Mercantile has carried 
the war into Africa in a most dexterous manner. 
From time, the niemor>' whereof man knoweth 
not, ladies have looked upon clubs as their natural 
enemies, and have censured their sweethearts 
and husbands in no mild terms for allowing the 
luxuries of the smoking and billiard-room to 
lure them from the fireside in winter, or the 
front-door step in summer. The directors of 
the Mercantile, who it is not suggested have 
been censured in like manner as the immense 
majority of their fellow-men, decided to disarm 
the criticism of the ladies by making them, 



SOCIAL ADVANTAGES. 



127 



as it were, parliccps criiniuis. To do this, they 
fitted up hidies' rooms in the most hixurious 
style, and not only made it admissible for mem- 
bers to bring their own, or other men's, sisters 
to the club, but even encouraged them to do so. 
Hence, the Mercantile Club, in addition to being 
one of the most influential commercial organiza- 
tions in the West, is also one of the most de- 
lightful society and social clubs in the world, as 
popular with the wives and daughters of mem- 
bers as most clubs are unpopular. Mr. George 
D. Barnard, the president of the club, has 
earned much praise by his able completion of 
the work of reconstruction which was com- 
menced and carried on so zealously by his pred- 
ecessor, "six. J. B. Case. 

The St. Louis Club is luxurious in its appoint- 
ments, and has an air of exclusiveness about it 
which is in accordance with the ideal of high- 
toned club life. Its home is in a magnificent 
building on the southwest corner of Ewing ave- 
nue and Locust street, and its four hundred 
members include representative men of e\ery 
type which can be regarded as consistent with 
the requirements of the upper-ten. 

The Fair Grounds Jockey Club has its home 
inside the Fair Grounds, and is a popular resort, 
especially in the summer-time. Its membership 
is very large, and its banqueting hall is taken 
advantage of frequently for the purposes of en- 
tertaining strangers. Had a phonograph been 
inserted in the walls of this hall it could have 
bottled up enough eloquence to have educated 
the rising generation from time to time on 
almost every point of interest and importance. 

The University Club was erected by scholars 
for scholars, and all the learning and erudition 
of the city is represented within its walls. Its 
members can talk in a greater number of lan- 
guages than the men w-ho commenced to erect 
the Tower of Babel. Of recent j-ears the quali- 
fications of members, so far as University gradu- 
ation is concerned, has been rela.xed, and there 
are now several members who confess to knowing 
little Latin and less Greek. The club continues 
to be a high-toned social organization, popular 
in the extreme with gentlemen of refined tastes. 



EXCLVSIVE . '^'^^ M.^-^^q^ette Club has 

its home in a very attracti\e 
ORGANIZATIONS. , ... , -, , 

and suitable building on 

Grand avenue and Pine street. The constitu- 
tion of the club states that its primary objects 
are to unite the prominent Catholic gentlemen 
of St. Louis and vicinity in bonds of social union ; 
to organize them into a body that shall repre- 
sent, watch over, vindicate and further Catholic 
interests; to establish it in an unobjectionable 
club-house, and by jjlacing the club on a lasting 
basis to perjDetuate a union of Catholics in the 
city of St. Louis. The club has carried out its 
original object very successfully. 

The Harmonie Club was established in the 
forties by several of the then prominent Hebrew 
citizens of St. Louis. The club is still some- 
what of a religious institution, though it is a very 
high-class social club. It rents a fine building 
on the corner of Eighteenth and Olive streets, 
and it is its proud boast that bonds and in- 
debtedness of any kind are absolutely unknown 
to the club or its management. The Columbia 
Club has just completed a verj' handsome build- 
ing on Lindell boulevard, just west of Vande- 
venter avenue, in which 13r) members will 
establish themselves and run a club similar in 
every respect to the Harmonie. 

The Union Club has a home on the south side, 
at Lafayette and Jefferson avenues, in which 
there is crowded more provision for home com- 
fort than has perhaps ever been seen under one 
roof before. Every club is established to fill a 
long-felt want, but few of them have done their 
work so thoroughly as the Union, which in its 
new location is a distinct boon to residents 
on the south side. The new building is quite 
unique, both externally and internally, and every 
member is individually proud of it. 

The Liederkranz is also a south side club. 
It owns a very handsome building on Chouteau 
avenue and Thirteenth street, and its member- 
ship of GaO includes some of the most able 
singers in the citj'. The German element pre- 
dominates strongly, and there are in addition to 
large and small entertainment and rehearsal 
halls, dining-rooms and club apartments of every 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



character. Liederkranz concerts and entertain- 
ments are always leading social events. 

Only members of the Order of Elks are eligi- 
ble for the Elks Club, which lias its home in 
the Hagan Opera Building, on Pine and Tenth 
streets. There are about a hundred members 
who make use of the club, both for business and 
social purposes. Athletics of every description 
are encouraged by the management, and the 
club has also a special reputation for hosjDitality, 
very elegant suppers being tendered to visitors 
to the city, especially those who ha\e made a 
reputation elsewhere in their respective pro- 
fessions. 

There are also several very successful ladies' 
athletic and c}-cling clubs and semi-religious 
associations. 

The autumnal festivities 
attracts so many visitors 



HOTELS AND 



ACCOMMODA TIONS 
FOR GUESTS. 



that during the fall season 
the hotel accommodations 
of St. Louis of recent years have been found 
scarcely adequate, and in order to increase the 
facilities for taking care of large carnival and 
convention crowds, the $2,000,000 hotel al- 
ready described is being constructed. It will be 
opened in the course of a few months, and will 
make the down-town hotel facilities very com- 
plete. The Southern Hotel, a substantial fire- 
proof structure, has for many years been re- 
garded as the leading hotel in the city and 
among the foremost in the West, its rotunda 
being one of the most extensi\e in existence. 
The Lindell Hotel, a few blocks farther north, 
is another establishment first-class in every re- 
spect. The Laclede Hotel is looked upon as an 
ideal family hotel, and is also exceedingly popu- 
lar with politicians of every shade. The num- 
ber of caucuses that have l)eeu held in and 
around it is \ery large, and the hotel manage- 
ment has a reputation extending from Maine to 
California for going out of its way to accom- 
modate individual visitors and delegations in 
every conceivable manner. Adjoining the La- 
clede is Hurst's new hotel, another very fine 
structure; and nearly opposite the Lindell is the 
Hotel Barnum, a very popular house. 



The tendency to move westward, which has 
resulted from the rajjid transit facilities, has 
also been marked in the hotels. A few years 
ago the idea of first-class hotels west of Twelfth 
street would have been ridiculed, but now there 
is on Fortieth street, or Vandeventer avenue, a 
hotel known as the West End, whose appoint- 
ments are first-class in every respect, and which 
is very popular both as a hotel proper and a 
family boarding-house. On Grand a\-enue the 
Hotel Beers and Grand Avenue Hotel are further 
exponents of this western idea; and early in the 
ensuing spring another very handsome edifice 
for hotel purposes is to be erected on the same 
thoroughfare. In the vicinity of the New Union 
.Station, also far west of what has up to recent 
years been regarded as out of the way of busi- 
ness and travel, two and probably three very 
fine hotels are about to be erected, sites having 
been obtained for that purpose. WHien they are 
added to the present hotel equipment of the cit}-, 
St. Louis will be able to handle a convention 
crowd of almost any magnitude without the 
necessity of special bureaus for the placing of 
guests in boarding-houses and private residences. 
St. Louis is not a litigious 
citv, and arbitration for the 



BENCH AND BAR 
OF ST. LOUIS. 



settlement of commercial dis- 
putes has always been very popular. There are, 
however, in the city a large number of lawyers 
and attorneys who find sufficient employment 
to yield them good incomes and who display 
marked ability in the exercise of their profes- 
sion. The bar of St. Louis to-day knows no 
superior in the West, and among the gentlemen 
practicing law there are several whose fame ex- 
tends to distant points. In the early liiston,' of 
St. Louis the laws of England, France and Spain 
were all partly enforced, and there were many 
conijjlex questions in regard to titles which 
called for the exercise of the greatest possible 
care and ingenuity. Those days have passed 
now, and the business falling into the hands of 
the attorneys of the city is of an entirely differ- 
ent nature. On the bench there are to be found 
many lawyers of exceptional experience, and 
manv decisions have been made here which 



SOCIAL ADWINTAGES. 



129 



lia\-e been reco.a^nized as irreproachable law. 
Quite recently the city ga\e to the nation for a 
cabinet office one of its prominent attorneys; 
and other members of the St. Louis bar have 
ilistinguished themselves in various parts of the 
country. In another part of this work there 
will be found records of the careers of some of 
:he most prominent members of the St. Louis 
lar, including sketches of some of the judges 
>vhose ability and integrity has made them more 
han famous. 

The Bar Association of St. Louis was estab- 
ished in 187-1. Col. Thomas T. Gantt was tempo- 
"ary chairman of the meeting called to "consider 
;he propriety and feasibility of forming a bar 
issociation in the city of St. Louis." A com- 
nittee of fi\e was appointed, consisting of 
Mexander Martin, Henry Hitchcock, R. E. 
R.orabauer, George M. Stewart and Given Camp- 
bell. The first president was Mr. John R. Shep- 
ev, who in his first address emphasized the fact 
hat the object of the association was to "main- 
ain the honor and dignit}' of the profession of 
aw, to cultivate social intercourse among its 
nembers, and for the promotion of legal science 
md the administration of justice. " It would be 
lifficult to overrate the good influence of this 
issociation, or its effect on the tone of the bar 
md its members. 

St. Louis is such a healthy 
citv that it is au\thing but a (U)c- 



iOCTORS OF 
MEDICINE. 



tor's paradise, and the numl)cr 
)f physicians in the city is not large, when the 
)opulation is taken into account. Among the 
)hysicians who have made their home in St. 
jonis, there are several whose reputation ex- 
ends beyond the confines of Missouri and Illi- 
lois, and even beyond the boundaries of the 
Jnited States. Some of our surgeons are requi- 
itioned from very distant points, when excep- 
ionally complicated cases call for exceptional 
kill; and the city has also specialists who rank 
o high in the medical world that they are sum- 
iioned for consultation to cities 1,000 miles dis- 
ant. It would be interesting to trace the early 
listory of medicine in the city, but it must suf- 
ice to say that at the present time nothing is 



NEWSPAPERS 

OF 

NATIONAL INFLUENCE. 



needed in this res])ect, and that all that science 
and skill can do to ameliorate suffering and to 
prolong life can be and is done in St. I,ouis. 
The medical press is well represented, and the 
medical journal which has the largest circulation 
in the world is published from this city. 

Almost every known school of medicine is 
represented, not only by practitioners, but also 
by medical colleges. The number of these latter 
is very large, and the work they do in educating 
and preparing young men for the profession is 
influential for much good. There are several 
hospitals in the city, some of them connected 
with religious and other bodies, and others which 
are entirely independent and catholic in their 
work. It is to be regretted that the exigencies 
of space prevent a detailed description of the 
hospitals and medical colleges, but such would 
recjnire an entire volume to even do the subject 
partial justice. 

The newspapers of 
St. Louis speak for 
themseh-es, two, at least, 
of them having national 
influence and importance. Following the plan 
generally adopted in this book, the early history 
of the newspapers will be but very briefly men- 
tioned. The Globc-Dcmocrat is probably the 
best newspaper in the United States west of 
New York, and it is certainly by far the best 
newspaper in the country west of New York and 
south of Chicago. It is the survival of the 
Clohc and the Doiioci-at, which papers were 
consolidated in 1875. Two years ago the Globc- 
Dcmocrat moved into the magnificent building 
on the corner of Sixth and Pine streets, which 
it erected for its own home. The building is a 
model newspaper office in almost every respect, 
and it has few equals and still fewer superiors in 
the United States. The policy of the Globe- 
Democrat politically is Republican, but national 
affairs are looked upon in a very liberal manner, 
and measures, rather than parties, are analyzed 
and discussed from a critical standpoint. Mr. 
Joseph B. McCullagh is the editor-in-chief of 
this great newspaper, which, during the eight- 
een years which have elapsed since its publica- 



130 



OLD AXD NEW ST. LOL'IS. 



tion mid^r its present name, has been edited 
daily under his personal snpervision, the aggre- 
gate nnmber of days of his absence from the 
office during that period being about eqnal to 
the time occupied by the summer vacation of 
the ordinary professional or business man. The 
Globc-Dcmocrat is conspicuous for the absence 
of trumpet-blowing of its own achievements, 
and when it moved into the "Temple of Truth," 
th.e only announcement made in its columns of 
its change of location was included in the single 
sentence: ' ' We have moved. ' ' 

The early history of the Si. Louis Republic 
has already been given in these columns. It is 
now one of the most influential Democratic 
newspapers in the United States, and although 
old in years and experience, it is still young in 
enterprise and vigor. In addition to an excel- 
lent telegraphic and news service from outside 
the city, it makes a specialty of local news, 
which it covers with great accuracy and judg- 
ment. Since it changed its name and reorgan- 
ized, its circulation has increased with great 
rapidity, and the growth of its influence has 
been quite on a par with its financial boom. 

There are three evening newspapers in St. 
Louis published in the English language — the 
Post-Dispatcli., the Star-Sayings and the Chron- 
icle. The Post-Dispatch is the largest of these, 
and it publishes a Sunday issue which is really 
a magazine and compendium of current litera- 
ture in addition to a first-class newspaper. It 
is edited by Mr. Florence White, and both the 
daily and Sunday issues are bright exponents of 
the New St. Louis idea. 

The Star-Sayings is edited by 'Six. John 
Magner, an able and conscientious journalist, 
who has succeeded in largely increasing the in- 
fluence and importance of the paper. The Star- 



Sayings is enjoying a great renewal of prosperit^^ 
and makes itself heard on all questions of im 
portance. 

The Chronicle is the only one-cent daih 
paper in the city. Its editor, General Hawkins, 
has completely remodeled and rejuvenated the 
paper, which is popular in the extreme, and 
which claims to ha\-e a larger local sale than 
any other paper published. 

The German papers are almost as prominent 
as those printed in English. The JVcstliche 
Post and the Anseiger des IVestens are quoted 
as authorities in all parts of the L^nited States; 
and the Anierika, Tribune and Tageblatt ha\-e 
each their own field to fulfill in a satisfactory- 
manner. 

The magazine press of St. Louis is less con- 
spicuous than the daily, and although there are 
several publications, there are none of sufficient 
national repute to make a detailed reference to 
them necessar}-. 

The immense size of the Sunday newspapers 
and the large amount of space devoted to liter- 
ary and scientific questions, has made it difficult 
to establish weekly papers on a paying basis in 
St. Louis. For many years "iXx^ Spectator ^xos- 
pered and contributed to local literature a great 
deal of valuable and interesting matter. Its 
long career has, however, terminated, and the 
Sunday Mirror is now* practically in exclusive 
control of the weekly press. The .^Lirror 
differs in its make-up and character from any 
other western publication. It knows neither 
friend nor foe in its columns, and is original and 
fearless in its style and policy, supplying, in 
a way never filled before, a field which ought 
not to be overlooked in a city of (500,000 in- 
habitants. 

♦December, 1S93. 



^imi^ M^i^m ^^m i^^^^mT^^mM r 










<::y^^.:^ 



Biographical Appendix. 



INCIDENTS IN THE LIVES OF SOME OF THE MEN WHO HAVE 

HELPED MAKE ST. LOUIS THE METROPOLIS OF THE 

Vv^EST AND SOUTHWEST. 



It would have been 
not to leave bell 



ter for a man never to have 
him traces of his existence. 



ved, than 

-NAPOI.KOf 



I •¥ ATTRAL ADVANTACxES ro a lon^way 

% I towards makincr a city .sjreat; but while 

u it is true tliat uo city can rise to uietro- 

1 politan rauk without them, it is equally 

(g\ true that uo substautial progress cau be 

made without the guidauce aud assist- 

iice of men of untiring energy and unques- 

onable integrity. St. Louis has been uniquely 

irtuuate in this respect, for it has ahva\'s had 

L the helm men who have li\ed up to the ])riu- 

iple enunciated by Addison — 

'Tis not in mortals to command success. 

But we'll do more, Sempronius — we'll deserve it. 

The writer of the historical chaj^ters of this 
ixik has naturally brought out into as lH)ld 
:lief as po.ssible the greatness of New St. Louis, 
11(1 in some passages he has perhaps been a trifle 
ircastic at the expense of Old St. Louis. But 
le fact remains that the greatness of our favored 
ity to-day would have been impossible without 
le foundation-stones laid a generation ago by 
len we are too apt to look upon as wanting in 
iiergy and enterprise. The child has to walk 
efore he can .safely run: aud the methods which 
re approved in these days of the city's matur- 
y, would have been out of place and dauger- 
iis fifty, and even twenty, years ago. Just as in 
uilding one man constructs the foundation and 
iiother completes the improvement aud deco- 



ration, so in a cit>- one man makes greatness 
possible and another attains it. 

New St. Louis' business, financial and profes- 
sional interests are in the hands of men who 
have all the buoyancy of youth with all the 
deliberation and judgment of age, and too much 
praise cannot be given them for the work they 
are doing. They are the first to admit that they 
owe a great deal to those who preceded them, 
and the\- are the last to attempt to belittle the 
efforts of those who secured for Old St. Louis a 
reputation for conservative strength which New 
vSt. Louis has so thoroughly retained. 

Laclede, Chouteau and the men who with 
them bore the burden and heat of the day, when 
both the burden and the heat were oppressive, 
aud when there was also an element of actual 
danger to contend against, were full of energy 
and vim, and to them the words "fear" and 
"impossible" were equally without meaning. 
After them came a generation of workers who 
molded the city out of a frontier town, and who 
again were succeeded by those who piloted St. 
Ivouis into greatness and helped it become the 
largest city on the largest river in the world. 
j\lan\- of even these have passed away, but there 
are also a large number of men in St. Louis who 
maybe regarded as links between the Old and the 
New, having been identified with both, and being 



i;!ii 



OLD AND NE 



thus exceptionally competent to aj^preciate the 
greatness of the city in these latter days. In 
the pages which follow will be found a record 
of the lives of some of the foremost citizens of 
the St. Louis of to-day, and of the St. Louis of 
the pa.st, and the lesson taught by the records 
and examples is one of the greatest possible 
value. 

No history of St. Louis could claim to even 
approach completeness without reference to the ■ 
Chouteau family, whose record dates back to the 
founding of St. Louis, and which for a hundred 
years and more has been closely identified with 
it. The first member of this family to be born 
in St. Louis was Pierre Chouteau, Junior, 
whose early home was the stone house then 
located at the southwest corner of what is now 
known as Wa.shington avenue and ALiin street. 
This house had been acquired a year prior to 
his birth by his father, and was one of the only 
two stone houses in the villiage, the other being 
that of Auguste P. Chouteau, his uncle. Pierre, 
Jr., was the second son of John Pierre Chouteau, 
Sr., who was born in New Orleans in 1758, and 
who died in St. Louis in 1849, and who was the 
oldest of the four children born to Madame 
Therese Chouteau by her second husband, Pierre 
Laclede Liguest, the founder of the trading post 
which he named St. Louis. Madame Therese 
Chouteau, came up the river to Fort Chartres in 
the winter of 17(i;^-4, and located at the trading 
post of St. Louis. She had one son, Auguste, 
by her first husband, and the four children by 
her second husband also bore the name of 
Chouteau, in obedience to a statute of French 
law of that time. The mother of the subject of 
our sketch was Pelagic Kiersereau, an only child 
of her parents. She was born in St. Louis, and 
at an early age left an orphan to be reared by 
the family of Joseph Taillou, Sr., her maternal 
grandfather. vShe was married to Pierre Chou- 
teau, Sr., and in ITHo, at the age of twent\-six 
vears, or after ten years of wedded life, she died, 
leaving three .sons, Auguste P., Pierre, Jr., and 
Paul Liguest, and one daughter, Pelagic. 

Very little record exists of the childhood of 
Pierre, Jr. In 180H, when the lad was seven- 



\V sr. LOUIS. 

teeii years old, he accompanied Julian Dubuque 
up the Mississippi ri\er to the present site o: 
Dubuque, Iowa, where rich lead mines were 
then located, being induced to go by a promise 
from Duljuque that in the e\ent of his deati 
while on the trip, that he (Pierre) should be- 
come sole heir to the mines. He remained ai 
the mines two years, acting as clerk for Dubuque 
and returned to St. Louis in 1808, being ther 
nineteen years old. In 1809 he accompaniec 
his father and elder brother, Auguste P., on i 
trading voyage to the Indian tribes of the uppe; 
Missouri, the three on their return reaching St 
Louis safely in November of the same year. 

In 1813 the young man entered business or 
his own account, forming a partnership with hi; 
brother-in-law, Bart. Berthold, under the fini 
name of Berthold & Chouteau. On May 1st o 
that year they opened a stock of general mer 
chandise, which was purchased in Philadelphia 
The building occupied belonged to Berthold 
and was located on Main street, being the firs' 
brick house built west of the Mississippi river 
Yearly trips were made by one or the other o 
the partners to Philadelphia, in order to pur 
chase goods, the journey being made principalh 
by boat. 

This mercantile business was carried on ver\ 
successfully until about 18211, when the firm o 
Berthold & Chouteau closed out their .stock o 
merchandise and, having accumulated consider 
able capital for that time, extensively embarkec 
in the fur trade of the upper Missouri. Subse- 
quently Messrs. Bernard Pratte, Sr., and Johr 
P. Cabanne were taken into the company, whicl 
became Berthold, Chouteau & Company, fur mer- 
chants. A profitable trade was after this con- 
ducted for some time, the firm becoming known a; 
one of the most extensive dealers on the Missonr 
river. In April, 1831, Mr. Berthold died, anc 
the st\le of the firm was changed to Pratte 
Chouteau iS: Company. In 18o7 Mr. Pratte alsc 
died, and the death of Mr. Cabanne, four year; 
later, left Mr. Chouteau the only sur\iving mem- 
ber of the original company. 

A year after Mr. Cabanne's death, ^Ir. Chou- 
teau associated with himself in the fur trade. 






% 





^ y^^^^<^^tu. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APP/iXD/X. 



]:]:t 



Messrs. John 15. Sarpy, Joseph A. Sire and his 
son-in-law, Jolm F. A. Sandford, all of whom 
had previously been trnsted employes of the 
honse. Mr. Choutean continued in the fur trade 
until his death in l(S(i5; but of his partners, Mr. 
Sire died in l.S,')4, while Messrs. Sarpy and 
Sandford died in IS.") 7. 

Although Mr. Chouteau was the head of one 
.)f the lary;est fur houses in St. Louis at a time 
vvhen the cit>- was tlie headquarters for the fur 
ind Indian trade of the West, it was not the only 
enterprise of magnitude in which he was a mov- 
ng spirit. In I88S lie established the whole- 
;ale " grocery- commission" house of Chouteau 
i Mackenzie, with Keunetli Mackenzie as the 
unior partner. This connection was not con- 
:inucd very long, as in \x\\ Mr. Chouteau sold 
3Ut his interest to his partner, and in the same 
,-ear established a branch of his fur house in 
STew York City. In 1842 he also established in 
he same city a commission house, Messrs. Sand- 
ord and Merle being the gentlemen interested 
vith him in this venture. 

In 1.S49 Pierre Chouteau and James Harrison, 
)f St. Louis, with Felix \'alle, of Ste. (Tene\ie\e, 
issociated themselves together as the .\merican 
ron Mountain Company, and purchasing the 
ron Mountain in St. Francois couut\-, embarked 
■xtensiveh- in the mining and manufacturing 
>f iron. In furtherance of their iron enter- 
)ri.ses this firm, in IS.") 1-2, built the extensive 
oiling mill in North St. Louis, which is still 
uccessfully operated under the old firm name, 
n 1S.")3 Mr. Chouteau instituted the last en- 
erprise of his life, this venture being the 
ailroad iron house of Pierre Chouteau, Jr., 
sandford &: Company. It is a notable fact in 
onuection with his business enterprises, that 
>Ir. Chouteau survived all of the six partners 
nterested with him in the fur business. 

Mr. Chouteau stood very high with the people 
.mong whom he lived, and was honored and 
espected as a gentleman of inflexible integrity 
nd of a iiigh degree of abilit\-. In 1S2(), upon 
he admission of this State to the Union, lie was 
hosen to represent St. Louis count\- in the cou- 
ention which framed the constitution of Mis- 



souri, and in that body his counsel and sagacity 
were found iu\-alnable. 

.Mr. Chouteau was married on June l."'>, LSI'), 
to Mi.ss Emilie Anne Gratiot, a daughter of 
Charles Gratiot, Sr., who came to this country 
from Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1777. F'ive 
children were born to them. Emilie, born in 
1S14, was married to J. F. A. Sandford, of Balti- 
more, who was interested with Mr. Chouteau in 
nuiny of his business ventures; both wife and 
husband are now dead. Julia, born in ISK!, 
was married to the late Dr. William Maffitt. 
Pierre Charles, born in is] 7, died in ISIS. 
Charles Pierre, born in ISH), married Julia 
Anne, daughter of General Charles Gratiot. 
Benjamiu Wilson, Ijorn in 1S22, died in infancy. 
Thus Charles P. and Mrs. Julia Maffitt are the 
only ones of the children now li\-ing. 

Pierre Chouteau, Jr., died October (i, 1S()."), 
in his seventy-seventh year, his wife's death 
preceded his own by about two \-ears. 

CHOfTEAi', Charlks Pikrkk. — Charles Pierre 
Chouteau is the fourth sou of Mr. Pierre Chou- 
teau, Jr., of whose life and career a record has 
just been given. .\t the age of seventv-five the 
subject of this sketch may be spoken of as a 
noble representative of the great Chouteau familv, 
and as being in possession of that vigoi'ons health 
which men who have lived careful and temper- 
ate lives so often enjoy after they have lived 
beyond the limit of human life as announced by 
the Psalmist. Charles Pierre Chouteau was 
born December 2, isili. His parents appre- 
ciated the value of a first-class education, such 
as their ample means enable them to provide 
for their children, and when Charles was but 
six years old he was placed under the tuition of 
Mr. Savare, who had attained a high position as 
an instructor of \outh, and who was teaching 
the first rudiments of education to the sons of 
se\-eral prominent St. Louisans. 

F"or two years tiiis course of stud\- was con- 
tinued, but in 1827 Mr. Pierre Choutean, Jr., 
sent his son to the seminary, then recentlv 
established by the Jesuit F'athers at St. Ferdi- 
nand in St. Louis connt\', and which is now tiie 



184 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



St. Louis University. Young Mr. Chouteau 
was the first scholar to enter this academy of 
learning, then in its early infancy. He re- 
mained in charge of the Fathers for five years, 
and at the age of thirteen he went to New York, 
and in pursuance of his determination to acquire 
proficiency in the profession of civil engineering, 
he entered the civil and military institution of 
Messrs. Peugnet Brothers. Here he studied for 
four years, during which time he acquired a 
thorough engineering training, and in August, 
1837, he graduated with honors. 

Returning to St. Louis the following year, he 
assisted in the merchant house of Chouteau, & 
Mackenzie, representing his father's interest in 
this important firm. In \^\t Mr. Pierre Chou- 
teau disposed of his interest to Mr. Mackenzie, 
and in the following year, 1843, his sou pro- 
ceeded to London to look after the important 
Chouteau interests in that city. Mr. Charles 
Pierre Chouteau spent two or three years in 
Europe and also traveled extensively throughout 
the then undeveloped Northwestern territories 
of the United States. In these journeys and 
negotiations, Mr. Chouteau displayed great 
talent and discretion and earned for himself the 
regard' and esteem of the men with whom his 
business and that of his father brought him into 
contact. While in charge of the fur business 
on the upper Missouri he took the steamer 
C/iippiica, to the falls of that river, being the 
first steamer to reach that point. 

In November, 1845, or when he was nearly 
twenty-six years of age, Mr. Charles Pierre 
Chouteau married Miss Julia Anne Gratiot, the 
youngest of the two daughters of General Char- 
les Gratiot. Mrs. C. P. Chouteau is the grand- 
daughter of Charles Gratiot, Sr. Her father 
was born in St. Louis in August, 178(), and in 
the 3'ear 1804 he went to West Point, then but 
four years the home of the United States Mili- 
tary Academy. He graduated with distinction 
in 1808, and was assigned to the Corps of En- 
gineers, with whom he worked for more than 
thirty years. Mr. and Mrs. Chouteau's married 
life has been exceptionally happy. They have 
had five children, two sons and three daughters. 



the oldest son being named after his grandfathe 
and great-grandfather, Pierre. 

Mr. C. P. Chouteau's business career durin; 
the last half centurv has been one of almost con 
tinuous activity, for he has given to every detai 
his personal attention, and it is only during thi 
last few years that he has yielded to the earnes 
solicitations of his family and allowed his son ti 
relieve him of some of the cares attached to th 
management of interests of such magnitude 
As we have already seen, Mr. Pierre Chouteau 
Jr., connected himself with many enterprises o 
great magnitude, and even prior to his death ii 
181);'), his son had become intimately identifid 
with their management. .Although in the en 
joyment of an enormous fortune by inheritance 
the subject of this sketch has considered it hi 
duty to identify himself with imj^ortant entei 
prises from time to time; and it would be diffi 
cult to overrate the benefits St. Louis hav 
obtained not only from the investment of Chou 
tean capital, but also from the directing influenc 
of such a man as ]\Ir. Charles P. Chouteau. 

Mr. Chouteau's investments have all been c 
a prudent and profitable character, and he ma 
be fairly described as one of the most prosper 
ous and successful men of the West. Naturall 
unostentatious and retiring, Mr. Chouteau ha 
not made a great parade of princely charity 
but he has distributed vast sums of money in 
(|uite manner for the amelioration of distress au^ 
for the assistance of deserving young men; an^ 
a reference to his check books would disclos 
the identity of the giver of a large number of ver 
liberal anonymous contributions to religions 
educational and philanthropic enterprises. 

Choutkau, Pif:rrk, son of Charles P. am 
Julia Anne (Gratiot) Chouteau, was born ii 
St. Louis, July 30, 184J), and is a fitting repre 
sentative of what it is no exaggeration to speal 
of as a line of nature's noblemen. We lia\e w 
titled aristocracy in this country, and especiall; 
in the West, nor is that last relic of feudalism 
the law of primogeniture and entail possible o 
permissible in a country which acknowledges m 
government save that which is of the people 




^Uyr^<^ "^/l^/i^Lc^^^^o^^ 



niocRAPHTCAr. A rr/iNPix. 



or the ])cople, and by tlie people. Hut tlie 
iiotto '' iiob/cssc ()/>//;'(■" is honored, ihonjjh 
inexpressed, by the members of our he^X. fami- 
ies, and this descendant of the man who first 
lettled in what is now the city of St. Louis, rep- 
esents all that is deservin<j of commendation in 
lumanity. 

As already stated in this work, Mr. Chou- 
eau's mother was a dratiot, bein*;- a daughter 
)f Cieneral Charles (rratiot, himself a citizen 
vhose ideas of loyalty to his country and city 
nade him loved as well as respected. Descended 
>n both sides from the best families in the West, 
r'ierre Chouteau, great-grandson of the founder 
>f St. Louis, and grandson of the first Pierre 
"liuuteau, Jr., started out in his youth to main- 
ain the traditions of his house, and he has suc- 
ceeded so well that to-day he stands second to 
lone in the estimation and regard of his fellow- 
ritizens. He was educated in St. Louis, but as 
lOon as he was old enough, he crossed the 
Atlantic and entered the Royal School of Arts, 
alines and Manufactures at Liege, Belgium, 
riiis institution is second to none in the entire 
vorld in its facilities for imparting a thorough 
education of a technical character, and young 
VIr. Chouteau thus had the benefit of a course of 
itudy in theoretical and practical engineering 
,vhich laid the foundation for the proficiency to 
.vhich he has since attained in this profession. 

Returning to this country in the )-ear 1874, 
Mr. Pierre Chouteau commenced practicing his 
Drofession, and soon acqtiired a reputation of 
A'hicli a much older man might well have been 
jroud. He was prevented, however, from con- 
;inuing to rise in the ranks of engineers by being 
:alled upon to assist his father in the management 
)f the extensive business and vast interests of the 
[Chouteau family. Somewhat reluctantl\- "Sir. 
Z!houteau relinquished his profession and re- 
sponded to the call, since which time he has been 
n practical control of the business, and has 
z\\e\\ to it the attention and care which made 
liim so successful as a professional man. 

Although not yet forty-five years of age, Mr. 
L'lionteau has acquired great influence in the 
L'ity and its surroundings, and is looked upon. 



not only as the active representative of the first 
family of the city, but also as a vigorous expo- 
nent of the New St. Louis idea. No movement 
having for its object the furtherance of the 
city's interests has appealed in vain to Mr. 
Chouteau for assistance, pecuniary and other- 
wise, and although of a retiring disposition, he 
has been compelled to take part in several semi- 
public movements. 

Mr. Chouteau married on Noxember 27, l.S)S2, 
Miss Ivucille M. Chanvin, a member of one of 
the old and high respected F'rench families of 
St. Louis. Mr. and Mrs. Chouteau have one 
child, a daughter, and reside in a picturesque 
home on Westminster place. 

Makkitt, Ch.\klks C, son of Dr. William 
and Julia (Chouteau) Maffitt, was born in St. 
Louis, February 17, 1852. He is a thorough 
St. Louis man in every respect, inheriting from 
his mother the feeling of loyalty and devotion 
to the city that has been a special characteristic 
of the Chouteaus for more than a century and a 
quarter. Dr. Maffitt came from one of the 
oldest and best known Virginian families, and 
he ser\ed for man\- years as a surgeon in the 
United States Army on the staffs of Generals W. 
S. vScott and William Jenkins Worth. He located 
in St. Ivouis in the year 184(1, and died here in 
the year 18(i4, having made countless friends in 
the city by his sterling qualities and genial 
manners. 

Dr. Mafhtt's widow has recently celebrated 
her seventy-eighth l)irthday and is an object of 
love and veneration to an immense number of 
relatives and acquaintances. She was born just 
two years after the death of "La Mere de Sainte 
Louis" as "Grandma" Chouteau has been 
aptly named, on account of her being not only 
the mother of the men who founded St. Louis, 
but also the first white lady to locate on the 
ground where the trading post of St. Louis was 
subsequently established. She was born in New 
Orleans, where she married Auguste Rene Chou- 
teau, one of her sons being Auguste, or Colonel, 
Chouteau. 

In 17(i;), when the last named was a bo\- of 



1?,6 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



thirteen, r^Irs. Cliotiteaii came to St. Louis with 
her faiiiilv, and lier bnsiuess ability contributed 
much more lar.t^ely than is generally considered 
to the early success of the settlement. She 
bore the hardships and privations inseparable 
from pioneer life with great fortitude, regarding 
St. Louis very much in the light of a child of 
her own, and rejoicing in every advance made. 
From the second son of this lady, Pierre, Sr. , 
the branch of the Chouteau family to which Dr. 
Maffitt's widow belongs sprang, both that lad\- 
and Mr. Charles P. Chouteau being grandchil- 
dren of Pierre, Sr. As already mentioned in 
this work, the Chouteau family now includes 
some of the best known millionaires of the West, 
as well as souie of the best known and most 
highly respected men in this portion of the 
country. 

Young ^laffitt was educated at vSeton Hall 
College, South Orange, New Jersey, concluding 
a very excellent education at Washington L^ni- 
versity in his native city. He at once entered 
into the iron lousiness and was for some years 
vice-president of the Chouteau, Harrison & 
Valle Iron Company, of which important cor- 
poration he is now president. In addition to 
this office, Mr. Maffitt is also president of the 
world-renowned Iron Mountain Compau)-, which 
is famous for the richness of its ore and which 
is known as one of the greatest dividend payers 
among the iron mines of the world. 

Although but forty-two years of age and quite 
a young man, Mr. Maffitt's responsibilities would 
be enormous even if they were limited to the presi- 
dency of these two very important corporations. 
But he has other interests of great moment. As 
president of the Forest Park, Laclede Avenue 
and Fourth Street Railroad, a branch of the 
Missouri Railroad system, he has been largely 
responsible for the vast impro\ement in the 
equipment and management of that road of 
recent years. He is also president of the St. 
Louis Union Stock Yards Company, president 
of the Helena and New Orleans Transportation 
Company, a director of the State Bank of St. 
Louis, and a director in the Merchants' Termi- 
nal Company and the Fair Grounds Association. 



Although a hard worker and a man who be- 
lieves in the pnnerb that ' ' the eye of the mastei 
fattens the steed," Mr. Alaffitt devotes consider- 
able time to legitimate sport, and as judge anc 
racing steward at the race-meetings at the Fai: 
Grounds his decisions have given invariable 
satisfaction. He is one of the best posted mer 
in Missouri on blood horses and has a smal 
racing stable of his own, in which his friend; 
take a great deal of pride. The integrity of tin 
owner makes it certain that every horse will b( 
run on its merits, with orders given to the jocke} 
to go in and win, and it is sportsmen of th( 
Maffitt type that are needed to purify Americai 
racing and keep it select. 

;\Ir. Maffitt is also a well-known club man 
He is a member of the Commercial, the Jocke; 
Club, and other institutions of a social charac 
ter, and is one of the most prominent societ; 
men in St. Louis. He uses his means to th< 
best advantage, and is one of the most vigorou 
exponents of the New St. Louis idea. Hi 
charities are numerous, and indirectly his heav; 
investments ha\-e provided profitable work to 
thousands of heads of families. 

As a politician, ]\Ir. ^laffitt's fame is not con 
fined to his own city. He is a Democrat fror 
conviction and choice, but he also believes i: 
measures rather than men, in purity in politics 
and in fair play for all. He has been twic 
honored by being elected delegate to the Na 
tional Convention of his part}', first in 1884 as 
district delegate, and again in 1892 as delegat 
at large. On the latter occasion he was chose 
chairman of the Missouri delegation to th 
Democratic National Convention at Chicagc 
Although at the head of the largest protectiv 
industries in the State of jNIissouri, Mr. Maffil 
has entirely sunk his personal advantage to th 
good of his party, and by his unswerving democ 
racy and advocacy of the policy of tariff fc 
revenue only, he has won the confidence of hi 
party to such an extent that he is now serviu 
his third term as chairman of the State Denic 
cratic Central Committee. 

His success as a political leader has been a 
marked as have been his commercial triumph; 





^ 



niOGRAPfflCAL APPENDIX. 



1:17 



Delias inanat^ed the State Democratic campaiirn 
vith signal ability, and it was lart^ely owin.i; to 
lis good management that in bS'H) the Missonri 
Oemocrac\- revenged itself for the loss of the 
hree St. Lonis districts two years previonsly 
md sent a solid delegation to the fifty-second 
Congress. Mr. Mafiitt stands so well with the 
democratic and also the commercial and busi- 
less leaders of the cit>- and State that he can 
lave any office that he desires at the hands of 
he people, by whom he has been freqnently 
mjiortnned to rnn for office. 

(rARRLSON, Daxikl RaNdall, son of Captain 
)li\er and Catherine (Kingsland) Garrison, 
,vas born on the banks of the beautiful Hudson 
'iver, in Orange county. New York, near Garri- 
jon's Lauding, on November 25, l-Sl."). Both 
liis parents were genuine Americans and of dis- 
linguished families. 

His mother was born in New Jerse\-, and her 
Family connections included such well known 
historical names as the vSchnylers, the Bnskirks, 
uul the Co\-erts. Captain Garrison was the 
:lirect descendant of an old Puritan family which 
had settled in Nqw England early in the history 
of the colonies. He owned and commanded the 
first line of packets which ran between New 
York and West Point, prior to the days of 
steamboats. 

When Daniel was fourteen years of age, the 
Captain moved to Buffalo, New York, a point 
which uowada\-s is regarded as the far East, and 
it was at Buffalo that the man of whom St. Louis 
is now so proud concluded his education and 
secured his first employment. 

He commenced his career as an employe of 
Bealls, Wilkinson & Company, engine builders, 
in whose employ he contiiuied until the )ear 
l''^;')-">. In June of that year \oung Mr. (Harri- 
son was one of a committee of three appointed 
to make a presentation to Mr. Webster, who 
was on a visit to Buffalo. The presentation was 
made as an indorsement of Mr. Webster's tariff 
views by those who subscribed to the fund, aiul 
the e\-ent created a great and lasting impression 
on the miudof the vouuirmau who was destined 



to become one of the greatest and grandest citi- 
zens of the then little-thought-of West. 

In the fall of 1833 Mr. Garrison went to 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he took a posi- 
tion in one of the largest pattern and machine 
establishments of that city, and for two years he 
continued at this employment. In 1835 he came 
to St. Louis and was placed at the head of the 
drafting department in the foundry and engine 
works of Kingsland, Lightuer & Company. He 
devoted himself faithfully to the work for five 
years, and in 1840, or a little more than half a 
century ago, he commenced his actual business 
career. He was then, as now, a stalwart, fine 
man, and his mind was capable of grasping, even 
at that early period in the history of .St. Louis 
as a manufacturing cit\-, the fact that the day 
was not far distant when it would become an 
exporting instead of an importing point for 
finished goods. 

With this settled conviction as an incentive to 
enterprise, Mr. Garrison as.sociated himself with 
his brother, Oliver, and commenced the manu- 
facture of steam engines. The GarrLson Broth- 
ers' shops were small indeed compared with the 
gigantic enterprise in which Mr. Garrison has 
since been the leading spirit, but the watchword 
was " thorough" from the commencement, and 
every part of every engine was as perfect as 
money and science could make it. Mr. I). R. 
Garrison natural!}- assumed charge of the draft- 
ing department, and lie did this work, as e\'ery- 
thing else he undertook, faithfully and well. 
Business increased, and the foundry became 
overtaxed with work. For eight years it con- 
tinued steadily at work on home orders, and 
then came the historical discovery of gold in 
California. 

Attracted by the evident need of transporta- 
tion, Mr. Garrison, on February 15, 184!l, went 
to San Francisco, with a view to establishing a 
steamer service on the California river. On his 
arrival he found the reports of gold discoveries 
to be well founded, and at once sent to his 
brother, Oliver, for three large engines, one of 
which he sent to Oregon for service in a steamer 
which he built on the Willamette river; the 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



second was used in a boat built on the Sacra- 
mento river, and the third was used at a saw 
mill. Mr. Ciarrison's California ventures proved 
exceeding;ly profitable, and when they were 
concluded he went to Puget Sound in a canoe 
propelled by four Indians, finally returnino; 
home via the Isthmus of Panama, and arrivin.o; 
in St. Louis in l<s.")(). 

Soon after this he retired from the machine 
works, but not from active life. He at once 
took a prominent part in the proposed Ohio & 
Mississippi Railroad, and a meeting of the citi- 
zens was called with a view to subscribing half 
a million dollars for the commencement of the 
work. Finally, thanks to Mr. Garrison's energy 
and to the impetus his name gave to the enter- 
prise, the road was commenced, and to Mr. Gar- 
rison belongs the honor of having laid the last 
rail on the first road that connected St. Louis 
with the East, the work having been accom- 
plished in spite of great and apparent!)' insur- 
mountable difiiculties. 

Mr. Garrison was in control of the ( )hio X: 
Mississippi road until l'S.")'S, by which time it 
was a perfect success. He was also connected 
with the Missouri Pacific road, which then ran 
from St. Louis to Sedalia, and it was largely 
owing to his indomitable energy that it was 
completed to Kansas City, the work being done 
during the war, when the difficulties were natu- 
rally increased ten-fold. The original gauge of 
the Missouri Pacific was five and a half feet, and 
when it was proposed to make it a standard 
gauge road, Mr. Garrison undertook to make the 
change between here and Leavenworth, Kansas, 
in sixteen hours. The proposal was laughed at; 
but he was asked to make the attempt, and he 
succeeded so well that in July, 18(i9, the entire 
gauge was changed in twelve and a half hours, 
without any interference with traffic. 

In the spring of 1870 he relinquished the 
management of the Missouri Pacific Railroad and 
confined his attention to the work and comple- 
tion of the Vulcan Iron Works in South St. Louis. 
Ground was broken for the erection July 4, 1870, 
and in a year the\- were in successful operation 
the first rail mill west of the Mississippi river, and 



one of the largest in America. The works sooi 
found employment for a thousand men, anc 
gratified the ambition of ;\Ir. Garrison to mak( 
Missouri rails out of Alissouri iron for the build 
ing of Missouri and other western roads. Mr 
Garrison's next large enterprise was the con 
struction of the Jupiter Iron Works, one of th( 
largest furnaces in the world, and he has sinc( 
been able to introduce the manufacture of stee 
into this cit\'. 

He is now, at the age of seventv-eight, abh 
to look back on a life of usefulness such as fall t( 
the lot and honor of few men. Mr. Garrison madi 
his own way in the world, and while accnmu 
lating a fortune for himself, has done more t( 
de\-elop the West as a manufacturing point thai 
any other man. He has also earned the esteen 
of ever\- one with whom he has come in contact 
and is regarded as one of the greatest mei 
St. Louis has ever produced or developed. H( 
has resided in the city upwards of half a century 
and has watched its development with botl 
interest and care, allowing no feature to escapi 
attention, and being ready with both money anc 
time to assist in every object devised for th( 
city's good. 

His railroad experience has been exceptionalh 
beneficial to St. Louis, not only in connectioi 
with the building and extension of the Ohio S 
Mi.ssissippi and the ?tIissouri Pacific, but also a: 
manager of both the Missouri Pacific and At 
lantic & Pacific roads. Seventeen years ago th( 
work, "vSt. Louis, the Future Great" wasdedi 
cated to Mr. Garrison in the following terms 
"To Daniel Randall Ciarrison, a citizen great ii 
the attributes of manhood, one who has wovei 
out from his individuality, his superior braii 
and restless activity, a large contribution to th( 
city of m\ theme and to my country; one wh( 
in l)uilding up his own fortunes has impressec 
his character upon many material interests, anc 
who gives promise to still greater usefulness ir 
the future, this volume, which illustrates a fade- 
less hope and a profound conviction in the 
future of St. Louis, is respectfully inscribed b\ 
the author." 

The terms of the dedication were well choser 




d)./f^.f^ 



til^-TO- Cy^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



139 



?ven in 1S7."), l)ut in the nine years that ha\-e 
;ince elapsed, the works of this noble citizen 
lave borne still more fruit, and several of his 
inticipations as to the city's greatness have been 
ibundantK and niagnificentK- realized. The 
name of (kirrison will be remembered as long as 
3t. Lonis remains a city, and for generations to 
:ome the career of D. R. Garrison will be quoted 
IS a magnificent example of how a man with 
5uiTicient will-power and integrity can attain 
ilmost any degree of success he steadfastly 
strives after. 

(tARKLSox, Oijver L-^wrkncr. — x\ young 
man who reflects credit on an old and honorable 
name, a name that is inextricably interwoven 
with the commercial history of St. Louis and 
the ^Mississippi Valley, is the subject of this 
sketch, who was born in this city October lo, 
l'S4.s. His father, Oliver (jarrison, was inti- 
mately connected with the early manufacturing 
and commercial history of .St. Iv(.)uis, was presi- 
dent of the Mechanics' Bank for twenty-fi\c 
years, and was one of the founders of the Eagle 
Foundry. His uiother, Louisa (Hale) Gar- 
rison, died June IK, l.Sl);i, four years after her 
husband. 

He is a nephew of I). R. Cxarrison, wdio was 
his father's jjartner in the establishment of the 
Eagle Foundry, over fifty-five years ago, while his 
paternal grandfather, Captain Oliver Garrison, 
was of old Puritan stock and the owner of the 
first line of packets on the Hud.son river be- 
tween New York and West Point. His grand- 
mother on the same side of the house was de- 
scended from old Knickerbocker stock, and was 
related to some of the families prominent in 
early New York history. 

Young Oliver received his education chiefly 
at Wyman Institute, being a school-mate of 
Winthrop G. Chappell. He left school when 
seventeen years of age, for the purpose of enter- 
ing the insurance business. After four years 
spent in this line, he conchuled to follow to 
some extent in the footstejis of his father and 
distinguished uncle, and accordingly he entered 
the iron trade, which he has followed most suc- 



cessfully for tweut\- \-ears. His business is of 
vast proportions, and besides his iron interests 
he is an extensive operator and dealer in coal in 
Chicago, his interests in that city being nearly 
as extensive as his bu.sine.ss in St. Louis. 

Besides his deals in coal and iron, he is presi- 
dent of the St. Louis Paper Company, and sec- 
retar>- of the Big Muddy Coal and Iron Com- 
pan\-, and vice-president of the Chicago & Texas 
Railroad Couipany. He is an influential mem- 
ber of the ^lerchants' E.xchange, and a very 
active club and benevolent society man, being a 
member of the Alercantile-CIub, the St. Louis 
Jocke\- Club, of the Legion of Honor, Compton 
Hill Council, besides various other social and 
benevolent societies in St. Louis and clubs in 
other cities. 

Mr. Garrison was married to Miss Mary .S. 
Siegrist in l<S7il, aiul has three children living 
—Oliver L., Jr., Hazel Marie, and Clifford R. 

CnRiSTv, AxDKKW, was another of the ])io- 
neers who in the early days of St. Louis showed 
their faith in the city by investing large sums 
of money in the furtherance of its interests. He 
was born a few months before the close of the 
last century, in Warren county, Ohio, but when 
he was quite a child his parents mo\-ed to Law- 
rence county, Illinois, locating on a farm near 
the county seat. Young Andrew was educated 
in the schools near his home and taught school 
for some time in St. Clair county, Illinois, near 
the town of Ridge Prairie. 

When he was about twenty-seven years of age 
he became connected with Francis and \'ital 
Jarrot, of Cahokia, and the three young men 
commenced in the mining business at Galena, 
Illinois. They continued in this for .some years, 
finally removing to St. Clair county, Illinois, just 
across the river from St. Louis, where Mr. .\u- 
drew Christy went into partnership with his 
brother, Samuel C. Christ >'. 

In the year IS/Si vSamuel Wiggins sold his 
ferry franchises to the Christy brothers and some 
seven or eight other gentlemen, and a few years 
later the Christ>-s acquired a majorit\- of the 
stock. The boats continued to run under the 



140 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



name of the Wiggins Ferry Company, of which 
Mr. Christy was a member until his death. His 
influence in the enterprise was manifest by the 
building of a number of new boats, including the 
Wagoner in 184(i, the St. Louis in 1.S4.S, the 
Charles Mul/ikitt, the Samuel C. Christy., the 
Cahokia, the Belleville, the Louis J '. Bogy^ the 
Imdicator, aud several others. 

Between 1835 and 1840 Mr. Christy was in 
the grocery and commission business, in partner- 
ship with Samuel B. Wiggins. The business 
was located on Chouteau's row, between Market 
and Walnut streets" and Main street aud the 
ri\er. This business was very prosperous, and 
^Ir. Christy realized a large sum of money from 
it in addition to his large interests in the ferry. 
The importance of the ferry company to the 
commerce of St. Louis cannot, of course, be 
overrated. In the ante-railroad days the work 
done by the ferries was of the most important 
character, and as the railroads were built the 
nature of the work increased in volume and im- 
portance. 

The enterprise of the company was thoroughly 
shown a little more than half a century ago, 
when, owing to the danger and difficulty of 
crossing the river when there was a large quantity 
of ice, it was decided to construct a ferry-boat 
with an iron bow, so as to enable it to be safely 
driven through almost any amount of floating 
ice. The boat was delivered in St. Louis in De- 
cember, 1839, and in many respects thoroughly 
fulfilled every obligation expected of her. In 
1847 the landing-place was greatly improved, 
and in 18r)2 it is on record that the ferry com- 
pany "with its usual liberality placed ferry-boats 
at the disposition of the railroad companies for 
the transportation of persons to the demonstra- 
tion of January 7th, the boats being free to 
persons going to or returning from the celebra- 
tion." 

The charter of l.SH), under which the Wiggins 
Ferry Company did business, expired in 18.')3, 
aud there was considerable opposition to the 
application to the Legislature for a renewal. 
The immense importance of the work and the 
large sum of mone\- invested residted, ln)wever. 



in the granting of a perpetual ferry charter ti 
Mr. Andrew Christy and four other gentlemen 
and a large increase in the capital investei 
resulted. In 18(i5 the entire river front of Eas 
St. Louis, for adistance of some miles, was ownei 
by it, and during the year between one and tw- 
thousand passengers were carried across th 
river daily, the receipts approximating thre 
hundred thousand a year. 

Shortly after this, on August 11, LSiill, Mi 
Christy died of paralysis. He had never married 
and the immense fortune which his never- varyin: 
industry had accumulated, was bequeathed to hi 
brothers and sisters and their descendants. H 
was a man of great public enterprise and repre 
sented St. Louis with marked ability aud fairnes 
in the 1851 Legislature. He was unsparing i: 
his efforts to secure the building of railroads t 
St. Louis, and he also spent a large sum c 
money in preserving the harbor of St. Louis b; 
turning the river current and preventing th 
shoaling of water on this side of the stream. 

Some idea of the work accomplished by tin 
indefatiguable worker and his associates can b 
gleaned from the following passage, which is t 
be found in the old newspaper files of St. Louis 

"There was no levee at that time and th 
boat was landed under the cliffs and rocks, 
road led down from the village ( St. Louis ) t 
the ferry landing. Capt. Trendley used fre 
quenth' to run in under the cliffs to get out of 
shower. The ferry landing at that early tim 
on the Illinois shore was at the old brick taveri 
then kept by Dr. Tiffin ( which has since beei 
swept away), and about two hundred yard 
west of the Illinois and Terre Haute round 
house. The fare at that time was a ' long bit 
for a footman, a market-wagon se\'enty-fi\' 
cents, and for a two-horse wagon, one dollar.' 

Although in possession of a monopoly whicl 
might have been used to the detriment of St 
Louis and the advancement of its prosperity 
Mr. Christy at no time in his career allowed th 
temptation to make money at the expense of th 
city's development to influence him. Evei 
when in practical control of the ferry business 
with little or no opposition, he advocated am 



lUO(,R,\PHICAL APPEXniX. 



insisted upon alil)t.-ral ]iolic>-. This resulted most 
beneficially to East St. Louis, and laii^e jjrants 
were made for railroad and wharfage purposes, and 
Mr. Christy's policy was universally approved. 

Whi,i..s, Krastus. — One of the ablest of the 
ielf-inade men of St. Louis was Mr. Erastus 
Wells, whose life-history is a continual encour- 
igenieut to young men and boys to industry and 
:liligence. 

Mr. Wells was born in Jefferson count\'. New 
Vork, December 2, ISl';!. His parents were not 
:>\ any means in affluent circumstances, and as 
ioon as the boy was old enough he was compelled 
;o assist his father at farm work, that being the 
pursuit of the latter. During the time he worked 
Ml his father's farm, extending from his twelfth 
;o his sixteenth year, he attended the little log 
jchool-house two miles from his father's home, 
md here received the only schooling he ever 
Mijoyed. Rut lack of schooling could not 
repress a young man with his natural talent and 
djility, for he learned in the school of life and 
'ough experience what he did not learn in 
colleges. 

At the age of sixteen, his father having died, 
le was left to his own resources, and struck out 
n the world for himself. He first went tt) 
iN'atertown, New York, where he clerked in a 
;tore at eight dollars a month. Being offered 
;welve dollars a month by a store-keeper at Lock- 
3ort, New York, he went there, and his habits 
)f thrift and economy were shown at this early 
ige by the fact that after three or four years he 
!a\-ed >il4(), a goodly sum in those da>'s. 

When he was twenty \ears old he was seized 
ivith the Western fe\'er, and arrived in St. Louis 
n Se])t ember, 1«48. His aggressiveness and 
lis ability to see the main chance at once niani- 
ested themselves. The town was without transit 
acilities of any kind. In a little more than a 
nonth after his arrival in St. I^ouis he had 
'ormcd a ijartnershij) with Cahin Case, and had 
established the first omnibus line west of the 
Mississippi. The line consisted of but one 
vehicle, which young Wells himself drove when 
;ie was not acting as fare-taker, but it was the 



pioneer effort in a system of urban transit that 
has grown to immense proportions. 

The omnibus was driven between the North 
Market ferr\-landing and down-town, and al- 
though it was an innovation in a city much more 
conser\-ative than the St. Iv(.)uis of to-day, the 
people realized the advantage of such methods 
of transportation, and the single vehicle soon 
became inadequate. Other busses were added, 
and when the business was at its most prosperous 
stage, Mr. Wells sold his interest. 

He remained idle for about a >ear, and then 
purchased a small plant for the manufacture of 
white lead, but the business pro\-ing an iujurv- 
to his health, be disposed of the plant and 
erected a saw mill in the upper part of the city. 
However, the conviction had never left him that 
there was money to be made in the business of 
passenger transportation, so he leased his mill, 
and in 1850, with his former partner, Calvin 
Case, formed a company which purchased all 
the omnibus lines in the cit>-, and established a 
new line on Olive .street, and another between 
St. Louis and Belleville, Illinois. These lines 
were managed with great profit until l-S.");'), when 
the accidental death of Mr. Case cau.sed the 
dissolution of the firm. 

I^>ut the system of transportation by slow 
coaches and omnibuses was revolutionized about 
this time by the advent of the street railroad and 
horse cars. Mr. W^ells was the pioneer in pas- 
senger transportation matters, and he was also 
the first to see the advantages of the new street 
railwa\s. In l.s,')!l, as mentioned in the earlier 
portion of this work, he was the mo\-ing spirit 
in the organization of the .Missouri Railroad 
Company, with the purpose in \-iew of building 
and operating a line on Olive street, and on 
July 4th of the same year the first car was 
started. 

He was the first president of the road, and so 
continued until 1^.S4, when, on account of failing 
health, he sold out his controlling interest in the 
( )li\e and Market street lines and retired from 
the presidency and the street railway business. 
Although he had retired from the management 
of the street railwavs, he did not sever all con- 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



iiections with business life. Always to the 
front in all matters of public welfare, he was a 
prominent figure in many big public undertak- 
ings. 

During his long connection with the business 
affairs of St. Louis, he acted in various capaci- 
ties. He was president of the Accommodation 
Bank; was at one time president of the West 
End Narrow Gauge Railroad, now a part of the 
St. Louis & Suburban; director in the Ohio 
& Mississippi Railroad Company; president of 
the Laclede Gas Light Company; vice-presi- 
dent of the Commercial Bank; and held various 
relations to other institutions and companies. 
In 1884, when he resigned his presidency of the 
Missouri Railway Company on account of bad 
health, he also severed most of his other busi- 
ness relations, and spent most of his declining 
years in traveling in this country and abroad. 

It is not to be expected that a man of Mr. 
Well's character, aggressiveness and abilit\- 
would escape public service. In 1S48 he was 
first elected to the City Council, serving alto- 
gether fifteen years in that body, and as his voice 
was always for progress and improvement, he 
was of incalculable benefit to the city. 

He only resigned his .seat in the City Council 
in 18(i9 in order to make the race for Congress in 
the First District of St. Louis, W. A. Pile being 
his opponent. Mr. Wells was elected and re- 
elected to the Forty-second, Forty-third, Forty- 
fourth and Forty-sixth Congress, by majorities 
which indicated the esteem in which he was held 
bv the people. During his terms he did some 
valuable work for St. Louis, being instrumental 
in having the first appropriation passed for the 
erection of the Custom House. 

He was a persistent advocate of a systematic 
improvement of the Mississippi river, and was 
an ardent advocate of the Eads jetty system. 
His liberal views, unquestioned honesty and 
geniality gave him an influence at Washington 
that was most valuable. Although success, 
honor and wealth crowned his life-work, he was 
to the last a thorough Democrat, a man of the 
people, and as unostentatious and genial as when 
he came to St. Louis, a penniless boy. 



In 18.J(l Mr. Wells married Miss Henry, r 
daughter of John F. Henry, of this cit\'. Three 
childrfen were born to them, two sons and oik 
daughter, of whom RoUa, one of the sons, ha; 
already made his mark in the social and busi 
uess life of the city. His first wife having died 
Mr. Wells, in LSdii, married Mrs. Eleanor P 
Bell, widow of David W. Bell. 

The career of this honored citizen closed jus 
as he was completing the fiftieth year of hi: 
residence in this city. He died regretted anc 
mourned b)- thousands, and the scenes at hi; 
funeral will not be forgotten for many years t( 
come. He left the imprint of his work aiu 
enterprise on so many of our local institution: 
that the people of vSt. Louis are constantb 
reminded of one who, while he had politica 
opponents and business rivals, never had a per 
sonal enemy, and who was never so happy a 
when he was ministering to the wants of others 
or encouraging some young beginner just com 
mencing to climb the ladder he himself ha< 
climbed from the bottom to the top. 

Armstrong, David H.a.rti,kv, was identifiec 
with St. Louis for upwards of half a century an( 
for many years prior to his death, wliicl 
occurred but a few months ago, he was looke( 
upon as one of the mo.st interesting and indee( 
picturesque links between Old and New St. Loui 
which remained. Although a native of Nov; 
Scotia, his loyalty to the country and city of hi 
adoption was a matter of genuine admiration oi 
the part of his fellow-citizens, and his death wa 
a source of grief to thousands of people. 

Mr. Armstrong lived upwards of eighty yeans 
having been born in 1812. His parents iiiovei 
into Maine while he was a bo\-, and he wa 
educated in Kennebeck county of that State 
When t\vent\-one }ears of age he accepted 
])osition at the head of a school in New Bedford 
Massachusetts, where he remained for four years 
He then came to St. Louis, but not finding 
position suited to liis tastes he proceeded t' 
Lebanon, Illinois, where he acted as princi])a 
of the ])rci)aratory department of :\IcKendre 
Colle<>^e. 




^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^.^^^^ 



BI( niRAPfflCAI. APPENDIX. 



148 



In A])ril, ls;is, lie returned to St. Louis aud 
became princi])al oi one of tlie public scliools, 
L:()ntinuin,L; to work in tliis cajiacit)- for nine 
vears. In I'SfT he accepted tlie position of 
'C\\.\ Couijitroller, an office he lield with j^reat 
:redit to liiniself and benefit to the cit\' for three 
1,-ears. 

In IS.').') he was ap])ointed b\ vSterliny; Price, 
governor of .Missouri, as aid-de-canip upon liis 
nilitary staff, with the rank of colonel. In 
\pril, lcS,')4, he was appointed postmaster of 
?t. Louis by President Pierce, which otTice 
le held until the spring of LS.Vs. In June, 
IMT."), he was appointed police commissioner 
or the cit\- of St. Louis by Governor Wood- 
ion, and in 1S77 was reappointed to the 
;ame office by Governor Phelps. In l'S7() he 
vas a member of the Board of Freeholders, h\ 
vhich the present city charter was framed. 

Vet a higher ]:)ublic honor was, however, 
eserved for Colonel Armstrong when, in LSTT, 
ipon the death of Hon. Lewis V. Bogy, he was 
ippointed by Governor Phelps as United States 
senator, to fill the vacancy thus caused. He 
erved in that position until the meeting of the 
A-gislature in bSTlt. 

During his two >ears in the Senate, Mr. Arm- 
trong pro\-ed himself to be a connnon-sense 
tatesman. The interests of the West and of 
ilissonri were constanth' before his mind, and 
Ithongh he kept himself comparatively in the 
lackground in matters of oratory, he was 
Iways prepared to speak when he considered 
rguments and not words were necessarv. 

The closing \ears of Colonel Armstrong's life 
i-ere spent in practical retirement from active 
.•ork, but he was looked upon as a philosopher 
nd a friend, and his advice was sought on ever\- 
ccasion. His niemorv was remarkably clear, 
nd he was regarded by members of the local 
iress as an iu\alual)le ally, always willing to 
ni]iart information and to exchange confidences, 
ie was naturally outspoken and perhaps 
ggressive in dis])osition, but his criticisms were 
hvays kindly meant, and he ne\er had an 
nemv. 

The .\/,ii^a:iii<' of Weslcni Uislorv, in a char- 



acter sketch of this grand old hero, written 
about two years prior to his death, said: 

" PVw men ^\■ho are now counted among the 
honored pioneers of St. Louis have done so 
nnich useful service, in a modest way, for the 
cit>- and State as Colonel David H. Armstrong; 
and certainly none stand higher in the general 
regard. This confidence and respect have been 
won b)- a half century of service in various 
fields, where his talents and industry have been 
freely given for the use of all. He came to St. 
Louis when it was one of the pioneer .settlements 
of the middle West, and he has watched it grow 
to its present grand proportions, against oppo- 
sitions, forebodings, years of apathy, the fluct- 
uating tide of civil war, and the rival influence 
of envious neighbors. He has rejoiced in that 
growth, and has used all his power and influence 
in its aid. And those efforts and that endea\-or 
have been appreciated; and altough Colonel 
Armstrong has never been a seeker for office, he 
has been called again and again to the adminis- 
tration of public trusts, among which was that 
of Lhiited States Senator from Missouri. 

"While, as has been said, Colonel Armstrong 
has never been anxious as a seeker after office, 
he has been called to the discharge of various 
trusts of a public nature. Since early manhood 
he has taken a deep interest in political affairs, 
and has ever been an active worker in the 
ranks of the Democratic party. For many years 
he was a member of the Democratic State Cen- 
tral Committee, and for uuich of the period was 
chairman of that body and a leader in its delib- 
erations. In this capacit\- he directed the 
fusion of the Democrats and Liberal Republic- 
ans in the memorable campaign of ISTO; a 
movement which resulted in the election of the 
first Democratic State administration since the 
war, and which had consequences far more im- 
l)ortant than the mere victory of a political 
])arl\-, for it led to the re\-ision of the notorious 
' Drake Constitution,' and the reinstatement of 
the people of Missouri in the full employment 
of their political rights, besides leading to the 
great Liberal Republican movement in the pres- 
idental contest of 1.S72." 



144 



OLD AND XFAV ST. LOUIS. 



Anotlier writer says, with equal force and 
truth: 

"Colonel Armstrong looks back upon no por- 
tion of his career with more satisfaction than 
that during which he was employed as a public 
school teacher, and he regards it as a high honor 
to have been associated so prominently with the 
school system of the State at its inception. He 
possessed many qualifications of the good teacher, 
and his counsels were freely drawn upon to aid 
in the extension of the system as required by 
the growing needs of the city. As a teacher he 
was verv successful, and among his pupils were 
many who afterwards became conspicuous and 
are numbered among the representative wealthy 
citizens of St. Louis. These all cherish the 
highest regard and the warmest affection for 
their faithful instructor." 

Crow, Way.max, a noble son of noble parents, 
was born in the year bSOS in Hartford, Ken- 
tucky. His father was a native of Virginia, and 
his mother w'as a Miss Mary Way, of Anne 
Arundel county, Mar\-land. The Crows came 
originally from the North of Ireland, and the 
Waymans from England. Mr. and ;\Irs. Crow 
had twelve children, of whom the man who 
became such a benefactor to St. Louis was the 
youngest. At the age of seven the latter went 
to the district school of Hopkinsville, Christian 
county, Kentucky, and for four years he was 
instructed in a little log cabin which did duty 
for a school-house. 

At the age of twelve young Wayman was 
apprenticed to a general store in Hopkinsville, 
where for five years he worked for his board and 
lodging. The latter consisted of a cot in the 
counting-room, and his duty included kindling 
fires, carrying water from the spring and doing- 
general duty in the way of sweeping and clean- 
ing. Before his term of apprenticeship was out 
he was transferred to the firm of Anderson & 
Auterbery, by wlunn he was entrusted with the 
chief control of the business. His apprentice- 
ship over, he was employed at a salary of $300 
a vear, and later was placed in charge of a 
branch ofiiice at Cadiz, in Trigg count\', Kv. 



.Although but eighteen years of age he man- 
aged the branch to good advantage, and finally 
when his employers moved to Pittsburgh, they 
sold out their old business to their young assist- 
ant. On January 1, l.S2ii, he started in busi- 
ness for himself, owing his former employers 
about $3,000, to be paid in six, twelve and fifteen 
months. As he was a legal infant, his notes 
constituted debts of honor only, but from his 
boyhood up Mr. Crow's word was as good as his 
bond, and he discharged the obligations before 
the\- matured. 

In November, bS-JSi, ;\Ir. Crow married ]\Iiss 
Isabella B. Conn, daughter of Captain Conn, of 
Uniontown, Kentucky. Nine children were the 
result of his marriage, of whom four lived to 
manhood and womanhood. 

In 182(i, when but nineteen years of age, he 
was appointed postmaster of Cadiz, and in other 
ways his merit was recognized and approved. 
In 1.S35 he started out on a tour of inspection in 
search of a better location, and arriving in St. 
Louis was accidently detained here by a severe 
illness, and thus by chance, or rather dispen- 
sation of Providence, this noble character was 
given to this city. Starting in business under 
the name of Crow &; Tevis, the firm gradually 
grew, known by the names of Crow, IMcCreery & 
Company, Crow-Hargadine & Company, and 
more recently the Hargadine-McKittrick Dry 
Goods Company. For nearly half a century the 
founder continued at its head, and through all 
the financial storms of that period he maintained 
its high reputation and credit. The panic of 
l.S.")7 so hampered the house that insoh'ency 
seemed ine\itable. Instead of making an assign- 
ment and evading liabilit}', a circular was sent 
out containing this sentence: 

"To us, our commercial honor is as dear as 
our lives; to preserve it, we are prepared to 
make any pecuniary sacrifice short of impairing 
our ability to pay ultimately every dollar we 
owe." 

The result was exactly what might be expected, 
and every dollar was paid without delay. From 
1S4() to IS;')!) Mr. Crow was president of the St. 
Louis Chamber of Commerce, and he was twice 



«% 




>. 




niOCRAPIIICAL APPliXniX. 



1 ir. 



sent to the State Senate. In l'S.')() he aided in 
securinu; the charters of the Hannibal & St. 
Joseph, and ^lissouri Pacific railroads, beins^ 
one of the original contributors to the S1(K),()()() 
fund for the latter road. He also obtained the 
charter of the St. Louis Asylum for the Blind, 
and of the ^Mercantile Library Hall Company, 
and in hundreds of other ways his zeal for good 
for the cit\- was manifest. Professor Water- 
lumse, towards the end of Mr. Crow's life, 
wrote an excellent sketch of his career which, 
coming from a man who had been intimately 
acquainted with him for so many years, is of ex- 
ceptional value. From it we quote as follows: 
" ]\Ir. Crow has always been an active supporter 
of the public schools, but his gifts to Washing- 
ton l'ni\-ersity are his most important contribu- 
tions to the cause of education. He uiay indeed 
be called the founder of that institution, inas- 
much as he was the first to conceive the idea of 
a university and to embody that idea in an 
organic form. In the winter of LS.')3, during 
his last term of service in the Senate, without 
consultation with any one, he drafted, intro- 
duced and secured the passage of the charter of 
Washington University. In the remarks which 
Mr. Crow made at the festival held on the "i^d 
of April, 1-H.S2, in corameuioration of the 
twentv-fifth anniversary of the foundation of 
Washington University, he used these words: 

" 'Almost thirty years ago, near the close of 
my la.st senatorial term of office, without con- 
sultation with others, I drew up and introduced 
into the Senate the charter of this in.stitution.' 

" The catholic provisions of that instrument, 
its clear recognition of the literary wants of 
St. Louis, its absolute prohibition of partisan 
politics or sectarian religion in the administra- 
tion of the university, attest the lil)erality and 
practical sagacity of the mind that concei\ed it. 
In June, 1X7.'), he gave !?25,(K)() to the uni\er- 
sity for the endowment of the professorship of 
])hysics. The total amount of his endowment 
is more than !*i'()(),(l(K). 

"On the 1st of .March, l.sTS, Waxnian Cmw, 
jr., died in Leamington, ICngland. In the 
following sunnner his father, with the ajjpnnal 



of his family, decided to erect a memorial art 
museum. A lot 1")<) feet in front and 155 feet 
in depth, situated at the corner of Lucas Place 
and Nineteenth street was bought in February, 
I'STH. The work of construction was at once 
begun. The edifice was formally dedicated on 
the lUth of May, 1881, and conveyed by deed to 
Washington Universit>-, on the sole condition 
that twenty-five thousand dollars should be 
raised as a permanent fund, the interest of which 
should be expended for works of art for the 
museuui. 

"The total cost of the ground and building 
was about $i;35,()()(). The St. Louis Museum of 
Fine Arts is a superb structure. Tasteful, well 
built and admirabh- adapted to the use of an art 
gallery, it is at once a beautiful memorial of a 
beloved son and a lasting monument of the 
beneficent public spirit of the father. 

" During his life the aggregate of Mr. Crow's 
gifts to his church, to Washington University, 
to the support of the Union during the civil war, 
to private charities and public enterprises, must 
have amounted to $;^>()(), ()()(). Though a man 
of wealth, Mr. Crow is not a millionaire. That 
he, while yet living and still exposed to the 
hazards of business, should from a comparatively 
moderate fortune devote so large a sum to pub- 
lic urunificence is proof of a liberality as rare 
as it is noble. To give away money which the 
owner can no longer use is not the highest ex- 
ercise of benevolence; but to forestall death and 
become the executor of his own legacies is the 
act of an enlightened and self-denying bene- 
factor. 

"^Ir. Crow is a man of eminent iisefulness.. 
F'or his honorable services in mercantile life, in 
political trusts, in public enterprises, in educa- 
tional work and in private charity, St. Louis 
will long cherish the memory of its dis- 
tinguished benefactor." 

Mr. Wayman Crow died in the s])ring of 18.S5, 
after a life of prolonged usefulness. Shakes- 
peare speaks, half in sarcasm, of the necessity of 
a man building his own uionument if he wi.shes 
ti) be remembered after his death. I'"ew men 
have erected more useful monuments in their 



]4fi 



0[.n AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



life-time than .Mr. Crow, and the St. Louis Art 
School, in the elegant home which he erected 
for it, will keep his name familiar with students 
and artists generally for ages to come. 

Greelkv, C.A.RI.OS S., .son of Benjamin and 
Rebecca (Whitcher) Greeley, was born at Salis- 
bury, New Hampshire, in 1811. His father 
was a farmer, and during the summer of each 
year he worked on the farm and only attended 
school during the winter months. Later he 
attended a higher school at Salisbury, and on 
the whole received an education abo\ e the a\er- 
age of his neighbors. 

His first business position was as clerk in the 
retail store of Pettingill & Sanborn, at Brock- 
port, New York, remaining here as clerk for 
two years, and then borrowing from his father 
sufficient money to purchase a quarter share in 
the business. The business prospered, and the 
partnership continued until 183(), when they 
sold out and Mr. Sanborn moved to St. Louis. 
Young Greeley remained behind, but in the fol- 
lowing year followed his partner to this city, 
and in Marcli, l-SiiS, entered into the wholesale 
grocery- business witli Mr. Sanborn. 

They commenced business on the Levee on a 
very small scale, and soon after the opening, Mr. 
Gale, an old friend of the partners, bought out 
ilr. Sanborn's interest, and the firm became 
known as Greeley & Gale. In 1858 Mr. C. B. 
Burnham was admitted into the firm, which 
then became C. B. Burnham & Company, re- 
maining thus for eighteen years, when it was 
again changed to Greeley, Burnham &Compan\-, 
and in 187!t the firm was incorporated as the 
Greeley-Burnham Grocer Company, with Mr. 
C. S. Greeley as president; C. B. Burnham, vice- 
president; Dwight Tredway, secretary; C. B. 
Greeley, treasurer, and .\. H. Gale, assistant 
secretary. 

In May, 18!t3, the Greeley-Buruham Grocer 
Company, and the firm of E. G. Scudder & 
Brother were consolidated, and a new corpora- 
tion formed, known as the Scudder-Gale Grocer 
Company. This establishment, under :\Ir. Gree- 
ley's management, became known as one of the 



largest wholesale grocery houses in the I'uited 
States and enjoyed the confidence of an unlim- 
ited number of St. Louis merchants. Tlie 
career of the house was an almost uniformly 
prosperous one. In February, 1881, it was 
burned out, and although the loss was a heavy 
one, the calamity had the result of causing 
C. vS. Greeley to erect at the corner of Lucas 
a\-enue and Second street, a five-story l)rick 
structure with a floor room of over ()4,()()() square 
feet, making on the whole one of the most per- 
fectly arranged wholesale grocery establishments 
in the world, capable of carrying a stock of 
between $300,000 and §400,000 in value, and 
rated as high as any firm of its kind in this sec- 
tion of the country. 

Mr. Greeley's entire attention has not, howe\er, 
been devoted to the wholesale grocer}- business, 
for during the last fift>-four years he has been 
connected with nearly all the great movements 
which would conspire to make St. Louis great. 
He was one of the first of the subscribers to the 
Kansas & Pacific Railroad, and for several years 
was its treasurer; also a director of the Missouri 
Pacific Railroad. He is president of the Madison 
County Ferry Company; also vice-president of the 
L''nion Trust Company; president of the Wash- 
ington Land and Mining Company, and director 
of the L^^nion ^lining and Smelting Company; 
he is also director in the Boatmen's Bank; he is a 
director in the Crystal Plate Glass Compan\- 
and the State Mutual Insurance Company, tlie 
Greeley Mining Company of Colorado, and many 
other \-ery important concerns; he was for a 
period of nine }ears a member of the Public 
School Board of Education, and made one of the 
best presidents it ever had during his year as 
chairman. He is an active member of the Sec- 
ond Presbyterian Church, and is also a trustee 
in the Liudenwood Seminary at St. Charles, 
^Missouri, and of the Washington University. 

Mr. Greeley is now eighty-three years of age, 
but he is a strong and active man, and is still 
consulted on matters of special importance in 
connection with the firm. In years gone by his 
work as a philanthropist has been most success- 
ful, and his name is honorablv connected with 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



he Soldiers' Home of St. l^ouis, and several 
)ther most important concerns of this kind. 
rie was always called upon to act as treasurer 
n work of this description, and he kept his 
iccounts as carefully as in his own business. 
Vs treasurer of the Western Sanitary Comniis- 
.ion, >^771, ()(»(» passed tlirou.iiii his hands, over 
hrcc-fuurlhs of this amount being raised at the 
^lissi.ssippi Valley Sanitary Fair in May, ISfJ-i. 
tVhen the commission concluded its labors and 
ssued its last report, it concluded with the 
lentence: '' Its funds have been kept, and its 
inauces mana_o;ed with orreat care, faithfulness 
md good judg;ment by its treasurer, Carlos S. 
jreeley." 

In 1.S41 he married Miss Kmily Robbins, 
Hartford, Connecticut. He has had two chil- 
Iren, one of whom, Mr. C. B. Greeley, is now 
reasurer of the (Treeley-Burnham (irocer Com- 
)any, while his daughter is the wife of Dwight 
rredway, the secretary and managing partner 
)f the same establishment. 

TrTT, TiKKMA.s K., is another St. Louisau 
vho has grown gra}' in his zeal for the city's 
jood. No man than he has a higher reputation 
or stern business rectitude and for foresight and 
>;ood judgment. In every walk of life he has 
Droved worthy of trusts bestowed in him, and as 
■eceiver of the Wabash Railroad his record has 
:)een reuuirkable. He is now seventy-one >ears 
)f age, having been born in Lnray, Page county, 
V'irginia, on October 9, 1«22. The Tutts were 
,-ery prominent in \'irginia, and his father, Dr. 
Liabriel Tutt, was a well-known and highlv- 
respected physician. 

For a short time he attended school in his 
iati\-e cuunt\-, but before he was thirteen years 
Df age Dr. and Mrs. Tutt removed to Cooper 
:ounty, Missouri, and it was in this State that 
young Tutt completed his education and com- 
menced active life. On lea\ing school he ob- 
;ained a situation as stcu'e-clerk, receiving but 
1 nominal salar\- in addition toliis bnard for the 
first \ear's service. He did imt limit liis efforts 
by the amount of his remuneration, and he 
advanced so rapidly in the estimation of his 



employers that his salary was increased from 
time to time and he was given every facility for 
learning the details of the business. 

He was not built for a store-clerk, and he saved 
so carefully that by the time he was twenty-two 
years of age he had a thousand dollars to his 
credit. With a friend and school-mate, Mr. L. 
.S. Menefee, he then ojjened a general store at 
Camden, Ray county, Missouri, the style of the 
business being Tutt & Menefee. For four years 
this continued to be profitable to both parties, 
and in 1<S48 Mr. Tutt decided to move to a more 
important center and engage more vigorously in 
mercantile pursuits. Very fortuiuitely for St. 
I^ouis, he selected this city for his purpose, and 
associated himself with Mr. Jauies S. Watson. 

The firm was known as Tutt & Watson, and 
the joint capital of the young partners was nine 
thousand dollars. The wholesale boot and shoe 
business, in which it was engaged, proved very 
successful, but at the end of five years the credit 
feature became more prominent than Mr. Tutt 
desired, and at his request the partnership was 
dissol\-ed, the sum of eighty-four thousand 
dollars being available for distribution. Mr. 
Tutt was then but little over thirty }-ears of age, 
and his success had been phenomenal, especially 
as he had commenced without capital and with- 
out any special backing. 

His next undertaking was in the wholesale 
grocer\' and commission business, the firm name 
being Humphreys, Tutt &. Kerry. This was 
also very successful, but in 18o« Mr. Tutt re- 
tired owing to ill health, taking a year's rest. 
In 1H.')9 he opened a wholesale commission busi- 
ness, dealing chiefly in products and importa- 
tions coming through New Orleans. Shortly 
l)efore the outbreak of the war, his brother, Mr. 
I). J. Tutt, and Mr. John F. Baker were brouglit 
into the firm, which liecame known as Thomas 
K. Tutt tv: Company. Its operations were very 
largely extended, and it became one of the larg- 
est wholesale commission firms in this section. 

Mr. Tutt's connection with this house con- 
tinued until l.S(;4, when he withdrew, and 
associating himself with his brother and Mr. R. 
W. Donald, of St. Joseph, Missouri, he estab- 



148 



'.)Li^ AXP xi-:\v ST. i.oris. 



lished a mercantile house in Virginia City, 
Montana. The following year his physician 
advised him to go to the Rocky Mountains for 
his health, and on the 14th of April of that year 
he, in company with his brother, D. G. Tutt, 
and young Rollins, of Columbia, Missouri, em- 
barked on a stern-wheel boat at St. Joseph. 
After a voyage of eighty-two days up the river, 
they arrived at the settlement from which the 
town of Helena, Montana, has since grown. 

There were then, about thirty years ago, more 
tents than hou.ses on the townsite, but this did 
not deter Mr. Tutt from his enterprise, and the 
firm of Tutt & Donald was established as a 
mercantile and banking house, with a branch at 
Deer Lodge. The adventures of the trip and of 
the early da\s in Montana proved beneficial to 
Mr. Tutt, whose health gradually improved, and 
who escaped the vengeance of the Blackfeet 
Indians, who were apt to put on the war-paint 
at the least provocation. 

There was a great deal of suffering during the 
winter of lS(ir)-(), when an iniinense number of 
those who took part in the rush to the vSun River 
mines were badly frozen. Many of these were 
from the same State as Mr. Tutt himself, and 
starting a subscription list with a most liberal 
donation, he established a hospital which took 
care of the sufferers. The counties of Lewis 
and Clark, Montana, have continued the hospital 
ever since, and it is still carrying out the original 
ideas of the promoters. In the following fall 
Mr. Tutt, accompanied by Mr. Rollins, went to 
Fort Benton, where in a large open boat, with 
thirteen Missourians for a crew, they started for 
Cow Island. In this frail boat there was more 
than a quarter of a million dollars, Mr. Tutt 
alone having with him s2:^,0<)() in gold dust. 
There was, of course, considerable danger of be- 
ing captured by Indians, but the road agents 
were so busy at that time that this trip was pre- 
ferable to a stage-coach ride. 

In 1870 Mr. Tutt returned to St. Louis, where 
he resumed the financial connections he had had 
prior to establishing those in Montana. Six- 
teen years before he had been elected b\- the 
State Legislature a director of the Bank of the 



State of Missouri, a position he held for eleven 
years, when his ^lontana business compelled 
him to resign. During his term of office he was 
responsible for the legislation which legalized 
the temporary suspension of specie payment on 
the outbreak of the war, and thus enabled the 
l)ank to escape the legal interference which 
would otherwise ha\'e been inevitable. 

vShortly after returning from Montana, he 
associated himself with Mr. James M. Francis- 
cus and founded the Haskell Bank, of which he 
became first president. He also served as di- 
rector of the Lucas Bank, and in 1877 accepted 
the presidency of the Third National Bank, hold- 
ing the office for twelve years. After serving for 
several years as director of the \Val)ash, St. 
Louis ^ Pacific Railroad, he was in ^lay, 1<S,S4, 
appointed one of the receivers of the road, 
accepting the largest trust ever recorded. 

It would be a mistake to suppose that Mr. 
Tutt has devoted his entire energies to money- 
making. As president of the Board of Trustees 
of the Missouri Institution for the Blind, he 
gave that institution the full l.ieuefit of his sound 
business knowledge, and for at least fort\- years 
he has supported every project which he re- 
garded as bona fide and for the city's good. 
His interest in the Mercantile Library Asso- 
ciation has always been great, and he was at one 
time its president. 

Ha\iug an unbounded faith in the future of 
St. Louis, he has invested heavily in real estate, 
and has erected several costly buildings, includ- 
ing the Simmons hardware establishment, on 
Ninth and Washington avenue. He has retained 
throughout his lengthy career a kind, genial 
disposition, and in his prosperity he has never 
forgotten those friends of his youth who have 
not climbed the ladder .so rapidly as he has done. 
Starting out without capital, he has made for 
himself a unique position, not only in the local 
world, but also in national railroad circles, and 
his name is held in high admiration by all. 

In 1S().") he married the eldest daughter of Dr. 
James H. Bennett, and the niece of Hon. James 
S. Rollins, of Columbia, Missouri. The Iad\- 
died at Cleveland, Ohio, in September, ISlU. 



IUO(,R. IPHICAI. .U'J'/iA'D/X. 



Seven years later, on December Ti, 1.S71, lie mar- 
ried Miss Sallie R. Rodes, daughter of Colonel 
Clifton Rodes, of Danville, Kentucky, by whom 
he had two daughters, who arc now completing 
their education in Xew York. 

KkA.N-ciScrs, Jami:s M., son of John and 
.Mary ( Thom])son ) I*'rauciscus, was born June 
if), 1809, at Baltimore, Maryland. He received 
a very good education in a private school at 
Baltimore, under the tuition of Rev. Mr. Gib- 
son, and soon after 
leaving school he 
went into the bro- 
kerage business on 
his own acconn t , 
liu\iug and selling 
un current money. 

In l.s;>(), wdien he 
w a s twenty-seven 
}ears of age, he re- 
nuned to Louisville, 
Kentucky, where 
he established a 
similar business and 
continued until 
1S4(). He then came 
to St. Louis and 
joined his brother, 
Mr. John T. Fran- 
ciscus, the two es- 
tablishing the bank- 
ing business of 
Franciscus & Com- 
pany, on Main street, 

four doors north of Olive street. Fifty \ear- 
ago Main street was, of course, the inincipal 
thoroughfare of thecit\", and the firm did a \er\- 
substantial business within sight of the ri\er. 

In 1.S44, .Mr. J. M. Franciscus went to Xew 
(Orleans, wdiere lie endxxrked in the brokerage 
bu.siness alone, but returned to St. Louis three 
years later, and went once more into the bank- 
ing business, this time as a member of the house 
of George F). H. (iray & Company, the firm 
being composed of Mr. Grav and himself, and 
Messrs. Stephen Haskell and ( ieorge G. Pres- 




JAMES M. FRANCISCUS 



buryj Jr. The firm continued as thus compo.sed 
until l.s.")2, when Mr. F'ranciscus with Mr. Has- 
kell and Mr. John H. Billings, established the 
banking firm of Ha.skell & Company. 

This bank was a very sound one, and enjoyed 
the confidence of the entire city and vicinity, 
Messrs. Haskell and Billings retiring from active 
Inisiness, 'Six. In-anciscus continued under the 
same name, and in 18(53 he admitted into part- 
nershi]) with him Messrs. Edward G. Moses and 
.Steward vSteel, who had been employed in the 
bank in a clerical 
capacity. The firm 
dissolved in 1870, 
when the Haskell 
Bank was incorpo- 
rated, with Thomas 
E. Tuttas president, 
•nd Mr. Franciscus 
as vice-president. 

b'or two years the 
bank c o n t i n n e d 
without losing a dol- 
lar in a single trans- 
action, and in 1872 
it closed out its busi- 
ness and sold its 
good-will to the 
Lucas Bank, which 
occupied the same 
quarters and at once 
selected Mr. F'ran- 
ciscus as director. 
^Ir. Franciscus had 
intended to retire 
.nking l)usiness, and the election 
his knowledge and a great sur- 
Recognizing in it an act of 
courtesy and a distinct \-ote of confidence, he 
consented to remain on the board. 

He was then asked to become president of the 
bank, but at first refused, only yielding idti- 
mately on the strong and unanimous pressure of 
the directors. He accepted the position as 
president and held the oiifice for two years, when 
he recommended the winding up of the busi- 
ness, which was agreed to. The bank had paid 



from actix'e 1 
was without 
prise to hir 



150 



OLD AXn NEW ST. LOL'IS. 



annual di\i(lencls of from six to eight per cent, 
and when its business was finally closed, re- 
turned to its stockholders $119 to $120 for every 
I! 100 worth of stock. Under the arranj^enients 
made by Mr. Franciscus and the board of di- 
rectors, all the accounts were transferred to the 
Mechanics' Bank, and the change was effected 
without difficult)- or annoyance to any one. 

Mr. Franciscus' able bank management at- 
tracted the attention of the Third National 
Bank, which in l.SiSO persuaded him to accept 
its vice-presidency, a position he held until 
1887, when, owing to advancing years, he insisted 
on retiring from active work. Mr. Franciscus 
is now eighty-four years of age, but he still en- 
joys good health and is in full enjoyment of all 
his faculties. He was actively engaged in the 
brokerage business and the banking business for 
upwards of fifty-fiva» years, and saw all the lead- 
ing revolutions in the banking system of the 
last half century. 

He is a financier of marked ability, and hav- 
ing come to St. Louis when it was little more 
than a frontier village, he has watched its 
growth into a metropolitan city with great in- 
terest, and he is one of the men who have con- 
tributed to its establishment on a sound finan- 
cial basis, which it is acknowledged to possess 
to-day, and to build up for its banking institu- 
tions a name and standing unexcelled by those 
of any cit\- in the Union. 

He married in the year l.S(;4, ;\Irs. William 
Wade, of vSt. lyonis. 

Shapleigh, Augustus Frederick, is a na- 
tive of New Hampshire, and was born in Ports- 
mouth, on January 9, 1810. His family, of 
English lineage, emigrated to this country in the 
interests of Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain 
John Mason, in the year 1635. They settled 
in the Colony of Massachusetts, at Kittery Point, 
on the river Piscataqua ( now in the State of 
Maine), and in the Massachusetts court records 
is the following entr\-: 

"Forasmuch as the house at the river's mouth 
where Mr. Shapleigh first built, and Hilton now 
dwelleth; in regard it was first house ther bylt." 



Alexander .Shapleigh, merchant and ship- 
owner of Totnes, Devon, had this distinction, 
and he was the progenitor of all of this name in 
America. In the early days many important 
trusts under the British crown were held by his 
descendants, and portions of his possessions are 
still owned by members of the family, represent- 
ing a tenure of more than 2.50 years — something 
quite unusual in this land of rapid changes. 

Mr. Shapleigh's father, Richard Waldron, was 
also a ship-owner, and was lost with his ship 
Granville off Rye Beach, when returning 
with a valuable cargo. This disaster left the 
family in reduced circumstances financially, and 
Augustus, a mere boy of fourteen, was compelled 
to take a clerkship in a hardware store in Ports- 
mouth at a salary of S50 per annum, and boarded 
himself. He continued at this for about a year 
and then embarked in a sailor's life, making 
several European voyages which consumed three 
years of his time. 

At the earnest solicitation of his mother and 
sisters he was induced to leave the sea, and 
re-entered the hardware store in which he first 
served, continuing there some years, when he 
accepted a position with Rogers Brothers & Com- 
pany, an old and well established hardware 
house of Philadelphia. With this firm he was 
connected until 18-13, having obtained therein an 
interest as junior partner and a promising start 
in business. 

Desiring to enlarge their operations, the firm 
determined to open a branch establishment at 
St. Louis, and there in 1843 Mr. Shapleigh 
opened the hardware house of Rogers, Shapleigh 
&: Company. At the death of Mr. Rogers, 
which occurred not long after, Mr. Thomas D. 
Day was admitted, and the business was con- 
tinued until 18(i3 under the name of Shapleigh, 
Day &; Company, when, Mr. Day retiring, the 
firm name became A. F. Shapleigh & Conipau}-, 
and so continued until July, 1880. At this time 
the business was merged into a corporation, 
under the name of the A. F. Shapleigh & Cant- 
well Hardware Company, which continued until 
January 1, 1X88, when the name was changed to 
".\. F. Shapleigh Hardware Company." 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



151 



^Ir. A. F. Shapleiuh retains the presidenc\-, 
tlie otlier offices being filled by his sons, as fol- 
lows: Frank Shapleigh, vice-president; Rich- 
ard W. Shapleigh, second vice-president, and 
Alfred Lee Shapleigh, secretary and treasnrer. 

The history of the honse has been one of prog- 
ress and prosperit\-, the resnlt largely of the 
personal labor and business capacity of its presi- 
dent. ( )n December 11, IlScSii, the company 
lost by fire its entire stock of goods, which for a 
time necessarily crippled their operations and 
entailed serious financial loss. Bnt by energy 
and application this has all been regained, and 
the honse bids fair in FSi-i;-} to celebrate the con- 
snmniation of fifty years of honorable bnsiness 
existence. From a modest start in ISlo the 
company now occnpies a greater portion of the 
handsome building of the Boatmen's Bank at 
the northwest corner of Washington avenue and 
Fourth street, with i;-50,0()() square feet of floor 
area, which is filled with merchandise pertain- 
ing to their business. Their, operations extend 
from Ohio and Indiana on the east, throughout 
the north and south and to the Pacific Ocean on 
the west. A large force of traveling salesmen 
are constantly employed, and the business of 
the firm shows an annual increase in volume. 

In addition to being a pioneer in the hard- 
ware business of the West, Mr. Shapleigh has 
been identified with other enterprises of a finan- 
cial character, in which his judgment has been 
highly prized and to which his name has lent 
additional strength. He has been connected, as 
trustee and director, with the State Bank of 
St. Louis, formerh- the State Savings Institu- 
tion, since February, 1S5H, and still attends 
activel)' to the duties pertaining to that position. 
He has also served as director in the Merchants' 
National Bank from April, ISt!:^, to July 1, I-Siio, 
at which time he resigned in fa\-or of his son, 
Alfred. 

He was for many years president of the 
Plufuix Fire Insurance Company, and still 
retains the vice-presidency of the Covenant 
Mutual Life Insurance Company. In addition 
to these enterprises, Mr. Shapleigh has been in- 
terested in the minin<"- industr\- for a number of 



years, having been prominently connected with 
the Hope Mining Company and the C.rauitc 
Mountain Mining Company; the wonderful suc- 
cess of the latter company having done nnich to 
advance the material interests of St. Louis. 

Personally, Mr. Shapleigh is a man of retir- 
ing disposition, and he has never sought public 
office or political preferment. He is of a kind 
and generous nature, and his charity is not often 
appealed to in vain when the object is a worthv 
one. In religion, he is a professor of the Pres- 
byterian faith and a member of the Central 
Presbyterian Church. In politics, he is a Repub- 
lican, and during the ci\il war his conxictious 
were those of the North. 

In 1838, at Philadelphia, he married Eliza- 
beth Ann Umstead, who was born March 25, 
1818, and who is now living. Eight children 
were the fruits of their union, six of them are 
now living — five sons and a daughter (Mrs. J. 
Will Boyd). Frank, Augustus F., Jr., Richard 
W., and Alfred L. are actively engaged in the 
hardware business, and John H. is a proiuinent 
aurist of St. Louis. 

Although now at an advanced age, Mr. Shap- 
leigh is yet in the full enjoyment of his facul- 
ties and possesses a vigor that surpasses that of 
many younger men. He still rejoices in the 
loved companionship of his wife, a companion- 
ship which for more than half a centur\- has 
lightened life's cares and brightened life's 
promises. 

Walsh, Edwwrd, nnist also be included in 
the list of pioneers who forced St. Louis to the 
front, regardless of difficulties and discourage- 
ments. He was born in County Tipperary, Ire- 
land, December:^?, ITHN. Being a member of 
a family of ele\-en, he learnt in his boyhood 
lessons of industry and thrift, and as soon as he 
was old enough he commenced work. His 
school days ended when he was twelve \ears of 
age, and the next four years saw him engaged 
in a store kept by a cousin. 

For another four \ears he was associated with 
his brother in a mill and brewing establishment, 
but shorth- before he completed his twentieth 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



year he left Ireland for America, to join a cousin 
in Louisville. Xot finding; the openiu"' he sought 
in the Kentucky town he came on to St. Louis, 
and after looking; over the ground built a mill 
in St. Genevieve count\-, where he conducted a 
profitable business until 1824, when he sold out 
and started another mill in Madison county. 

Shortly afterwards he located permanently in 
St. Louis, establishing the general merchandise 
house of J. & E. Walsh, in partnership with 
his brother. His heart, however, was still set 
upon the milling business, and in 1831, he pur- 
chased the mill on the corner of Florida street 
and the Levee, which was built in 1827, and for 
a long time held the record of producing more 
flour than an\- other mill in St. Louis. He also 
secured two' other mills, and his operations 
assumed a gigantic scale. Later, he connected 
himself with steamboating, investing some half 
a million dollars he had saved from his earnings, 
and being interested in more than twenty-one 
vessels that were plying on the western waters. 
The firm had a practical monopoly of the (laleua 
lead business, out of which it realized an im- 
mense sum of money. 

Mr. Walsh was one of the first to take an 
active part in the agitation in favor of railroads 
for St. Louis. He was one of the original direct- 
ors of the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, 
and one of the original stockholders in the Ohio 
& Mississippi and North Missouri Railroad 
companies. The name of Walsh is so well con- 
nected with the street railroad system of vSt. 
Louis, that it is scarcely necessary to mention 
the fact that Mr. Edward Walsh was one of the 
first to insist upon the laying of street railroad 
tracks in the city, and the organizing of com- 
panies to operate them. He also found time 
from his apparently exhausting duties to helji 
found the old bank of the State of Missouri and 
also the Merchants' National Bank, besides 
which he was a director and stockholder in the 
Missouri Insurance and Union Insurance com- 
panies. 

He ne\er seemed to know what fatigue was, 
and he worked day and night with never-vary- 
ing energy, di.splaying an amount of common 



sense and acti\'ity which were at once subjects of 
surprise and admiration. To say that he was a 
self-made man, is to express a great truth in a 
very commonplace manner. His parents were 
unable to assist him beyond giving him a pri- 
mary education, and he came to this country 
practically without either friends or refer- 
ences. He was never discouraged by temporary 
failures, and he persisted in his efforts until he 
acquired not ouh' an enormous fortune, but also 
a reputation of which au\' man might well be 
proud. He found ample time to devote to neces- 
sary works of charity, and he derived special 
pleasure from assisting young immigrants in 
whom he thought he saw a desire to work and 
prosper by fair means. Several of these young 
men assisted by him ha\e since risen to posi- 
tions of importance in the city and State, and 
Mr. Walsh's name has thus been perpetuated in 
a most pleasant and honorable manner. 

Personally, he declined political advancement 
or office of every kind, although he was fre- 
(iuciit]\' tendered nominations. He, howe\'er, 
did some e.Ncellent work by assisting and sup- 
porting Thomas H. Benton, one of his most 
intimate friends and in whose interest he worked 
unselfishly and eagerh". 

Mr. Walsh died on March 2;'>, ISCC, mourned 
by a large circle of friends and also by thou- 
sands of ]>fo]ile who, while not personally ac- 
quainted with him, were aware and aj^preciatiNe 
of his brilliant jniblic work. He was twice 
married: first in l'S22, to ^liss Maria Tucker, and 
secondly in 1.S4(), to Miss Isabelle de Mun, 
daughter of Julius de Mun. :\Irs. Walsh died 
May 2(;, 1.S77. 

Si.x children sur\'ived their honored father. 
The oldest, Ellen, was married to Mr. Solon 
Humphries, of New York, at one tinre president 
of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway. 
The other children were: Julius S. Walsh, 
Marie C, who was married to Mr. B. M. Cham- 
bers, of vSt. Louis county; J. A. Walsh, Edward 
Walsh, Jr., and Daniel E. Walsh, all three of 
whom contributed largely during their active 
business career to the progress of the cit\-, and 
its surroundings. 




;- i 




(fa^ ^j^^^^-^i^i-^ 



C?l 




xL^'S^JL.li 



lUOCRA P/f/CA L APPENDIX. 



Walsh, Julius S., president of tlie Missis- 
sippi Valley Trust Company, one of the most 
prominent figures in the financial and business 
circles of St. Louis for the past thirty years, 
was born in this city December 1, 1.S42, and 
was the son of Kdward and Isabella ( De.Muu ) 
Walsh. His father was a native of Ireland, 
who emii^vated to this country in ISl.'i, first 
settling in Louisville, Kentucky, and who iu 
1.Sl'4 renu)ved to St. Louis and established the 
well lemembered firm of J. & E. Walsh. 

After receiving the usual primary instructions, 
Julius entered the St. Louis University, where 
he remained until IS.Til, when he became a stu- 
dent at St. Joseph College, Beardstowu, Keu- 
tuck>-, and graduated from that well-known insti- 
tution in IStU. In ISi;;; the St. Louis I'niversity 
conferred upon him the degree of Master of 
Arts. In 1<'S()4 Columbia College conferred 
upon him the degree of LL.B., and he was also 
admitted to the bar in the State of Xew York iu 
that year. 

In bsilf he relumed to St. Louis and entered 
the firm of J. X: K. Walsh. Two years later his 
father, the senior member of tlie firm, died, 
leaving the management of the business to 
Julius, and from LSIili until LSTO he was oc- 
cupied in .settling up the affairs of his father's 
estate. His able manageiueut of this large trust 
surprised many and gratified all; and those ca- 
])able of judging, claimed for Julius vS. Walsh a 
future career iu the financial world. That 
those predictions were aui])ly fulfilled, this brief 
sketch will show. 

Iu l.STO he turned his attention to the street 
railwa\- system of St. Louis, and in the same 
year was electetl president of the Citizens' Kail- 
wa\' Compaux' and of the Fair (irouuds and 
Suburban Railroad Comjiany. He then held 
successively the presidency of the following 
roads: The People's Railway, the Tower (irove 
and Lafayette Railway, the Northern Central 
Railway and the Cass A\-enue and Fair C'xrounds 
RaiKva\'. In 18S2 he was chosen a director of 
the Third National Bank of St. Louis. 

in 1.S74 he was elected president of tlie St. 
Louis .V^ricultnval and Mechanical .\ssociation. 



and .served as its chief executive for four consecu- 
tive years, infusing into the mauagement an 
energy and method strikingly characteristic of 
all his business operations. When he became 
jiresident of the association, its large grounds 
were occupied for one week during the year; he 
at once proceeded to make the grounds attract- 
i\'e at all seasons and on e\-ery day of the year. 
He erected an art gallery, founded the zoological 
gardens, which became one of St. Louis' best 
attractions, the garden containing at one time 
some of the rarest speciuiensof the auiuial king- 
dom iu America. He erected the Natural His- 
tory Building, and embellished the grounds 
throughout with trees, flowers, drives and 
grade walks, giving to the ])eople of St. Louis 
one of the pleasantest spots on earth for recrea- 
tion. 

In LS7.") he was elected president of the South 
Pass Jetty Company, St. Louis Bridge Company 
and the Tunnel Railroad of St. Louis. In IXHS 
he was elected president of the Municipal Light 
and Power Company of St. Louis, and iu !'"<'.• 1 
president of the Mississippi \'alle\- Trust Com- 
pany. He is now a director in the Laclede 
National Bank; a director in the Ohio and Mis- 
sissippi Railroad Company; chairman of the 
Board of Control of the St. Louis F'air Grounds 
Club; member of the vSt. Louis University and 
Marquette clubs. He has also been vice-presi- 
dent of the Mercantile Library Association. • 

From the above brief mention of the impor- 
tant and responsible positions which have been 
held by Mr. Walsh, it will be seen that it falls 
to the lot of few men in a life-time to achieve 
the success and be so largely identified with the 
industrial and business interests of a great com- 
mercial metropolis, as has Mr. Walsh in the last 
eighteen years. He has thus had a wide field for 
the e.xerci.se of his splendid business talent and 
great executive ability, and been enabled to ac- 
quire a character as a man of affairs second to 
none other in the city. 

His mauagement and administration of the 
affairs of the \-arious corporations of which he 
has been the execntixe head, ha\-e won for him 
the confidence of the business men of the cit\-. 



154 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



and the respect and re.s^ard of all with whom he 
has come in contact. 

Mr. Walsh married, January 11, ISTO, :\Iiss 
Josie Dickson, daughter of Charles K. Dick.son, 
of this city. They have seven children — Charles 
K. D., Isabelle S., Jr., Robert A. B., Ellen 
Humphreys, Josephine and N. S. Chouteau. 

IvEiGHTON, George PIliot. — There are in 
St. Louis several men who for upwards of a 
quarter of a century have been identified with 
nearly every movement designed to force the 
city to the front, but it is doubtful whether an\' 
have really accomplished more for the city's 
lasting good than the president of the Board of 
Trustees of Washington l"ni\ersity. 

Colonel George Eliot Leighton, who has filled 
this honorable position for the last six years, 
was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, March 7, 
lf<35. He is a lineal descendant of Captain 
John Leighton, son of one of Cromwell's lieu- 
tenants, who came to this country in 18.')(), and 
tlie family have filled an honorable place in New 
England history e\-er since that year. They 
bore a full share in the troubles incident to the 
establishment of a colony in a country inhabited 
by hostile Indians. The\- also served in the 
various Indian wars, in the war with France, and 
in the struggle for independence. 

During the eighteenth century they were 
among the leaders in merchandise and sliipping. 
Colonel Leighton's father, Mr. Eliot Leighton, 
a native of the town of hUiot, in Maine, was a 
merchant with extensive business interests in 
Boston and Cincinnati. When the subject of 
this sketch was about ten years of age, Mr. 
Eliot Leighton took up his residence in the 
latter city, and nuich of Colonel Leighton's box- 
hood was spent in the Ohio metropolis. He 
graduated with honors from Woodward at the 
age of eighteen, and having studied law for three 
years was admitted to practice in the United 
States and Ohio courts in the year LS;")!). Three 
years later he came to St. Louis and entered 
upon the practice of his profession. 

He had just become fairly established when 
the war broke out, and his legal career was in 



consequence interrupted. There were few more 
ardent Unionists in St. Louis than the young 
New Englander, who at once made his influence 
felt, and who encouraged a Unionist sentiment 
and brought many waverers into line. He 
entered the Federal service as lieutenant in the 
Third Missouri Infantry, R. C. , and during the 
summer of ISlJl was engaged in active ser\ice 
in the field. Later he was appointed major of 
the Fifth Missouri S. M. Ca\-alry, and subse- 
quently transferred to the Twelfth Regiment of 
Cavalry. 

In the fall of LSlil he was a.ssigned to dnt\ 
as provost-marshal of the St. Louis Division, 
under General Halleck, and he was in charge 
of the city during the critical period of the 
winter of lS(il-(i2. He won generous expres- 
sions of approval from Generals Halleck, Curtis, 
Schofield, Hamilton and Davidson, under whom 
he served during the years 1862 and L'<(>3, and 
he was finally commissioned as colonel of the 
Seventh Regiment Missouri E. M. M. Alto- 
gether Colonel Leighton's war record is a unique 
and honorable one, and finally the cause he had 
so much at heart triumphed and he was al)le 
to resume the profession of his choice. 

He was soon in active practice, and in addi- 
tion to his other business was appointed general 
counsel to the Missouri Pacific Railroad, a posi- 
tion he filled in a highly satisfactory manner 
until the \ear 1<S74, when he decided to relin- 
quish general practice and de\ote himself 
exclusi\ely to his growing railroad and manu- 
facturing and business interests. In the follow- 
ing year he became president of the " Bridge .S: 
Beach Manufacturing Company," an office he 
has held e\'er since. This company has be- 
come one of the largest as well as the oldest 
manufacturers of iron in the West. 

He is a director of the Boatmen's Ikuik, the 
Union Trust Company and of other important 
financial corporations. Seventeen years ago he 
was appointed a member of the Board of Trust- 
ees of the Washington University, and has 
gi\en much attention to its affairs. In ISS?, 
upon the death of Dr. Wni. (\. FHiot, he was 
elected president of the board. He has been 



niOCRAPHICAL APPKXD/X. 



l.V) 



e\-en more zealous since tliis honor was confer- 
red upon him than before, and his work in the 
cause of the great university has proved of 
inestimable vahie to that institution. 

In a nunil)er of other ways Colonel Leighton 
has shown that the accumulation of wealth is 
not the only nor indeed the main object of his 
life. For ten years he has been president of the 
Missouri Historical Society. He has also been 
a leading spirit in the New England Society, of 
which he has acted as president. He was also 
for four years president of the Commercial Club, 
and took an active part in the agitation which 
resulted in the substitution of granite streets in 
the down-town districts, and in earning for 
St. Louis the proud record of having better 
paved streets than any other American city. 
He is also a member of the St. Louis Academy 
of Science, and is prominent in the counsels of 
the St. Louis School of Fine Arts and of the 
St. Louis Medical College. 

Colonel Leighton is a member of the ilissouri 
Commanden- of the Loyal Legion, and also of 
the Missouri Society of the Sons of the Ameri- 
can Revolution. In addition to the Commercial 
Club, Colonel Leighton is also an honored mem- 
ber of the St. Louis and University clubs, and 
Df the Union and Union League, two of the 
leading clubs of New York City. 

His home life is quiet, refined and dignified. 
He married, in the year 18(j2, Miss Isabella, 
:laughter of Honorable Hudson E. Bridge; she 
:lied in 1888. He has one son, George Bridge 
Leighton, now nearly thirty years of age. A 
conspicuous feature of the Leighton home is 
the extensive library, which could hardly be 
duplicated in the West. The books have been 
collected in Europe and America with the great- 
sst judgment, and they reflect the tastes and 
plea.sures of the collector. Nowhere can a 
grander collection of literature, dealing with the 
early history of the Mississippi Valley, be found, 
and various scientific and historical departments 
according with his especial tastes are covered 
uiost completely. Colonel Leighton spends each 
summer at his home in Dublin, New Hampshire, 
Du the northern shore of Lake Monadnock. 



Colonel Leighton has never taken an active 
part in politics, though in times of necessity he 
has come forward to assist his party. He is a 
Republican from principle and is a careful stu- 
dent of political history. He is a fine, powerful- 
looking man, and excels physically as well as 
mentally. His career has been signally honor- 
able and successful, and he is looked up to with 
love and respect by thousands of his fellow-citi- 
zens. In every walk of life, as soldier, lawyer, 
financier, student, philanthropist and citizen, 
he has made a most honorable record, and there 
are few men in St. Louis who have done more 
to mould public opinion and maintain a manly, 
dignified and self-respecting course on every 
occasion. 

Within the last )'ear he has succeeded in a 
matter which, although at first sight does not 
appear of special importance, involved the recog- 
nition of St. Louis as a metropolitan city, and 
its being advertised both in this country and in 
Europe. Reference is made to the naming of 
the first ocean greyhound built in this country. 
Mr. Leighton presided at a meeting held in the 
Mayor's ofiice with a view to the name being 
"St. Louis," and he subsequently headed a 
deputation to the owners at Philadelphia, w-hich 
resulted iu a favorable response. The ship is 
now being constructed, and, thanks largely to 
the efforts of Mr. Leighton, its name will be a 
reminder for many \ears of the greatness of this 
city, and of the thoughtful enterprise of its 
citizens. 

Buck, IVIvrdx ;\I., was born iu Manchester, 
Ontario count}-, New York, January l(i, 1838. 
His ancestors settled in Central New York 
when the country was wild and uncultivated, 
his grandfather, Mr. Theophilus Short, having 
been a member of the "Old Holland Land Pur- 
chase Company" which, attracted by the fertil- 
ity of the soil in the undeveloped di.strict, 
purchased a greater portion of Central New 
York. 

The company at once proceeded to establish 
homes for the i)ioneers who were its leading 
spirits. The venture was a daring one, but it 



156 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



proved so successful that not only did the settlers 
establish homes for theinseh'es, but they were 
able to leave valuable legacies to their desceud- 
ants. His maternal grandfather was one of the 
most active of the settlers and, consequently, be- 
came very prominent. The manufacturing town 
of Shortsville, on the New York Central road, 
was named after this gentleman. 

It was here that Myron M. Buck, the founder 
of one of the largest railroad supply houses in 
the country, was born and brought up. He 
received a first-class common school education, 
and at the age of eighteen was in a position to 
make his way in the world. He traveled 
throughotat Western New York and Canada, and 
finally located in New York Cit\-, where he 
secured employment in a manufacturing estab- 
lishment. His early inclination was to build 
up a business for himself, and almost from the 
first he showed a taste for manufacturing which 
would have done credit to a man twice his age. 

A man of these tastes and abilities naturally 
looks west for a location, and he spent three 
>ears in Chicago, wdiere he acquired much valu- 
able information. In l.sr)S he removed to St. 
Louis, where he engaged in the manufacturing 
of car trimmings. Acting on the policy that 
what a man wants done well he must do him- 
self, Mr. Buck gave his entire personal atten- 
tion to the work, and was soon the owner as well 
as manager of a depot for the sale of all kinds 
of railroad supplies. 

This was the first establishment of its kind in 
the Mississippi Valley, and it has held its own 
during the pa.st thirty-two years against every 
competitor and rival. It attracted attention to 
St. Louis in every practical manner during the 
extensive railroad building period of the seven- 
ties, and the amount of business that it has 
brought here has been very large indeed. As 
already stated, the house is now one of the largest 
in the country, and it is the admiration of the 
city of St. Louis for several reasons. 

He has had control of a number of enormous 
contracts, all of which have been carried out 
lM-onii>tl\- without a hitch; and if ever a man 
came west with the intention of growing up with 



the country, and doing so, that man was cer- 
tainly Mr.M. ]\L Buck. 

Although his business affairs occupv nearh- 
the whole of. his time, Mr. Buck is too unselfish 
a man to ignore the welfare of the city in which 
his fortune is cast. He has always been one of 
the pioneers in work for the building up of St. 
Louis, and he ranks foremost among the men 
whose energy and ability crushed out the old 
cry of poor old St. Louis, and created the city of 
which we are all so proud, and which is destined 
to be the largest city, as well as the metropolis, 
of the mid-continent in every sense of the 
word. Amongthe many institutions with whicli 
Mr. Buck is actively connected, and of which 
he is a director, might be mentioned the Union 
Trust Company, the Continental National Bank 
and the Commercial Bank of St. Louis. He is 
also a member of the Mercantile, Noonday, vSt. 
Louis, Commercial, and Fair Cxrounds Jockev 
clubs. 

Although a thorough vSt. IvOuisan, Mr. Buck 
does not forget the home of his youth. He 
owns a very handsome villa in Clifton Springs, 
one of the best health resorts in New York 
State, where his family spend se\'eral mouths 
every year. Speaking of this resort to a friend, 
Mr. Buck said: "A few weeks sojourn in the 
fragrant \-alley inspires me with new life and 
health to enter upon the duties of life once 
more." 

Among the many generous acts of .Mr. Buck 
ma\- be mentioned the donation to the town of 
Shortsville, New York, in September, IHMO, of 
a- free library. The building is of brick and 
stone, very handsomeh- erected and splendidly 
equipped within. Not being satisfied with 
donating the building, he stocked it with books 
and periodicals of nearh- every description, and 
has endowed the institution so liberally that the 
income will be more than sufficient to pay the run- 
ning expenses. In doing this he has established 
a monument to the memory of a name that has 
been honored by three successive generations, 
and he has also made a number of friends for 
St. Louis among the descendants of the old set- 
tlers of the Holland purchase propert>-. 




m,M,£'^iM, 



/.'/( n;K. iPiiiL ■. //. . ip/'j'.xn/x. 



l-'ew men have succeeded so si.y;iially as Mr. 
iuck. To l)uild u]) a l)usiness as he now owns 
s a task few men would dare attempt, and in 
vhich very few, indeed, could succeed. As a 
•oung man he uiapped out an ambitious career, 
nd by ne\'er-flagorino; industry and never-s\ver\- 
ng integrity, he has attained a position wliicli 
iiakes him the admiration of l)usiness men in 
.11 parts of the United States. He is a self-made 
nan in the best and grandest sense of the term, 
nd is a citizen of whom e\-ery St. Lonisan is 
iiore than proud. 

Bi..\iR, JA-MK-S Lawrknx'K, son of Frank P. 
\\i\ Apolline (Alexander) Blair, was born in 
k. Louis, April 2, l<sr)4. His pareuts were 
)oth members of the fauious Preston family of 
Centncky. He attended public schools and the 
iigh vSchool of St. Louis, and subsequenth- 
tudied at Princeton College, where he took the 
legrees of LL.D. and A.]\L He went to work 
,s office-bo)- in a wholesale house on ^lain 
treet, and is by no means ashamed of the fact 
hat his stipend was but ?*1'> per month, and 
hat he lived on his scanty earnings. He was, 
lowever, too sharp a boy to long continue at 
he l)ottom of the ladder, and he soon obtained a 
letter position. He was clerk for one and a 
lalf years in the assessor's office under Charles 
Treen's administration, during which period 
le attended the Law vScho(.)l, studying law at 
light. 

Ill 1X77 he was admitted to the l)ar, and has 
leeu in practice ever since. In the year LS'Sl 
lis brother, Frank P. Blair, Jr., entered the 
irm, which became known as J. L. X; F. P. 
>lair, ct)ntinuiug under this name until I.S.S."), 
ihen .Mr. I'rank P. lilair left the city. .Mr. 
. L. Blair's ne.xt and present partner was Judge 
jeddon. Mr. Blair is too able a lawyer to need 
iraise. He ranks among the brightest attorne\s 
if tlie West, and is a fearless, independent man 
n cver\- respect. In ISSf) he was appointed 
)olice conunissioner, and ser\ed as vice and 
cting president of the board for four \-ears. 
ie was very acti\e in tlie cause of law and 
irder duriui^ the southern strike. He is now 



a member of the executive committee of the 
Civil Service Reform .\ssociation. 

Mr. Blair is married and has two children — 
Percy .\lexauder and Francis Preston — and 
since the death of his father he has been the 
main snj^port of his mother and three young 
lirothers. 

Broadheajj, James O., the present minister 
to Switzerland, was born May 2il, LSlf), near 
Charlottesville, Albemarle county, \'irginia, and 
is the eldest son of .Achilles and I\Iary Winston 
( Carr) Broadhead. He is of F^nglish-Scotch 
origin. His grandfather was Jonathan Broad- 
head, who came from Yorkshire, luigland, 
during the Revolutionary war, and settled in 
Virginia. His mother's people, the Carrs, 
came from Scotland during the early settlement 
of Virginia. During the war of ISI:^, his father 
was a captain of Virigina troops. 

His education w^as liberal and tll'orou,t;li, he 
having taken a preparatory course in the .\ll)e- 
marle High .School, and then attending the 
Unix'ersit)- of \'irginia. He was unable to take 
the full course in the university, and supported 
hiiuself while attending the institution. .After 
leaving college, he taught in a ]M'i\-ate school 
near Baltimore, Maryland. 

During this time young Broadhead's parents 
had moved to Missouri and settled in .St. Charles 
count\-, and in June, \X'M , he also came to 
Missouri and took the position of private tutor 
in the family of Hon. Edward Bates, who was 
attorne\-general in President Lincoln's cabinet. 
P'or the next three years he taught in the family 
of .Mr. Bates, and also in St. Charles county, 
reading law at the same time under .Mr. Bates. 

He was admitted to the bar at Bowling Green, 
this State, in LS4l', by Judge Hunt, and began 
the practice of law there the following year, 
where he continued to practice until 1S.')!I, when 
he came to St. Louis. During his sixteen years 
of practice in Pike county, he was a part of the 
time in partnershi]) with Judge T. J. C. F'agg, 
afterwards one of the judges of the supreme 
court of this State, and for a short tinu- he was 
a partner of Judge Hunt. 



OLD AXn NFAV ST. LOl'IS. 



Durini^- his residence in Pike county, Vlx. 
Broadhead was frequently honored witli political 
offices by the Whig party, of which he was a 
prominent and influential member. He was a 
member of the State Constitutional Convention 
in 184r); was elected to the Legislature in lH4(i, 
and to the State Senate for four years, from l.S.jO 
to l.sr)4. While serving in these positions he 
took high rank as a debator, and was a recognized 
leader in his party. 

Upon removing to St. Louis he formed a law 
partnership with Fidelio C. Sharp, of Ivexing- 
ton, Missouri, and at once entered upon a very 
successful practice. This partnership continued 
during the late civil war, and only terminated 
with the death of Mr. Sharp in l.S7r>. 

When the war began in ISlU, Mr. Broadhead 
espoused the cause of the Union, and took a 
very active part in the events that followed. He 
was a member of the Convention of ISdl, and 
was chairm'an of the committee which made a 
report to the convention in July, 1<S()1, in fa\-or 
of declaring vacant the offices of the State offi- 
cers who, with Governor Jackson, had joined the 
cause of the Southern Confederac)-. The report 
was adopted, and a provisional go\-ernment was 
established for Missouri. He was then appointed 
United States district attorney for the Eastern 
District of Missouri by President Lincoln, which 
office he resigned the following year to accept 
the office of provost-marshal general of the de- 
partment composed of Missouri, vSouthern Iowa, 
Kansas, the Indian Territory and Arkansas. 
He discharged the difficult and tr\ing chities of 
this position creditably to himself and to the 
satisfaction of the administration. 

When the war ended Colonel Broadhead 
resumed the active practice of his profession, 
which he has continued until the present. On 
the death of Mr. Sharp in IST.'i, Colonel Broad- 
head formed a partnership with his brother, 
William B. Broadhead, now at Clayton, Mis- 
souri, and John H. Overall, and later with Slay- 
back and Haeussler, until 18<S2, then with 
Haeussler and his son, Charles S. Broadhead, 
until 189L 

Although constantly engaged in the practice 



of law since the war, he has Ijeen called to fill 
se\eral positions of honor, trust and res]3onsi- 
bility. In LS?;") he was elected to the State 
Constitutional Convention, as a Democrat, and 
bore a very prominent part in framing the pres- 
ent organic law of the State. After the adop- 
tion of the con.stitution. Colonel Broadhead was 
elected a member of the Charter Commission, 
and it was largeh' to his influence that the adop- 
tion of the Scheme and Charter was due. In 
\>>>>'l he was elected to the Forty-eighth Congress 
from the Ninth Congressional District. In ISX.") 
President Cleveland appointed Colonel Broad- 
head a special commissioner to visit France ami 
examine the archives of tliat government in 
relation to the F'rench Spoliation Claims, under 
the provisions of an act of Congress providing 
for the adjustment of those claims. He was 
also retained by the United States Government 
to prosecute the famous Whisky Ring cases. 
Shortly after Mr. Cleveland's second election to 
the Presidency, he appointed this able law\er 
and conscientious statesman minister to vSwitzer- 
land. 

Colonel Broadhead was married Ma\- !•>, 1<S47, 
to Miss Mary S. Dor.sey, of Pike county. They 
have three children living — Charles vS., now 
practicing law with his father; INIary ( now 
Mrs. William Horton), and Nannie. 

BiG(;.s, WII.I.IA^r H., son of (ieorge K. an:l 
Nannie ( Floyd ) l>iggs, was l)orn in Clark coiint\-, 
Missouri, .\ugust 1, 11^4:^. After receiving a 
very liberal education at La Grange College, La 
Grange county, Missouri, he read law with 
Judge Ellison, of Canton, Missouri. In lst>7 
he was admitted to the bar, and in the following 
>ear he commenced practice on his own account 
in Bowling (ireen, Missouri. He secured a 
lucrative practice, and in the year bs?;; he was 
jiersuaded to move to Louisiana, .Missouri, 
where he for sixteen years practiced law. 

Mr. Biggs was called upon to give his o]iin- 
ions in a variety of very important cases involv- 
ing the disposal of immense sums of money, and 
so correct was his reading of the law that for 
several years he was mentioned as the most suit- 



/;/( U,R. IPHK AL APPEXniX. 



il)k- inaii to occup\- :i scat in tlie Court of 
Appeals. 

In the fall of l.SSil he accejited a nomination 
:or this important position. His popularit\- in 
;he neisrhborhood rendered his election a matter 
jf course, and his splendid record on the bench 
iiore than justifies the action of the voters. 
fndjj;e Bij^igs has been called upon to adjudicate 
n a very lar<^e number of important cases, and 
lis decisions and judgments have been of the 
nost able character. 

The Judge is still quite a }oung man, with 
>e\-eral }-ears of useful hard work before him. 
He married in 1S7() Eliza Shotwell, of Pike 
:ounty, Missouri. He has four children — Anna- 
jell, Davis, Kstelle and (xcorgie. 

LriiKi':, (iK<iR(;i''. W., was born in vSt. Louis, 
[''el)ruar\- i^i', l.s4.'i. His parents were H. Will- 
am and Christine ( Penningroth) Lubke. He 
,vas educated in the public and private schools 
jf St. Louis, read law with Henry Hitchcock, 
md was admitted to the bar, when only nineteen 
rears of age, by Judge Moodey of the Circuit 
^ourt of St. Louis. 

I'pou his admission to the bar he formed a 
partnership for the practice of law with his 
jreceptor, Mr. Henry Hitchcock. Subsequently 
\\x. Preston Player was taken into the co-partner- 
;hip, which was continued under the firm name 
)f Hitchcock, Lubke & Player until the fall of 
L<SX2, when Mr. Ivubke was elected one of the 
udges of the Circuit Court of the City of St. 
^ouis, which position he filled with credit to 
limself and to the satisfaction of the bar and 
hose having bu.siness in his court until l-SSSI. 

At the expiration of his term of office. Judge 
!^ubke formed a law partnership with Mr. Hugo 
lluench, under the firm name of Lubke & 
Vluench. 

In politics Judge Lubke is a Democrat. 
AMiile he is not a ])()litician in the ])opular 
neaning of the term, his voice is always raised 
or the principles of his party, and for honest 
'conomical government, whenever his services 
ire needed in State and national campaigns. 
ro the consideration and discussion of political 



questions he brings the same judicial dignity, 
fairness and candor that characterized his de- 
cisions from the bench and ha\'e gi\en him dis- 
tinction at the bar. 

Judge Lubke married, September Hi, l.S(>.S, 
Miss Henrietta I.,uttercord, daughter of Prancis 
H. Luttercord, a prominent merchant of St. 
Louis prior to the late civil war. Of this 
union there are fi\-e children — (ieorge \V., Jr., 
who is practicing law in his father's office; Ida, 
Ivaura and Edgar, who is attending one of the 
public schools at St. Louis; and .Arthur, who is 
not yet of school age. 

St.\x.\rij, Edwix O., almost invariably known 
to his countless friends and acquaintances as 
Crovernor Stanard, is a New Englanderby birth, 
having been born in Newport, New Hampshire, 
Januarx- .">, l.s;ii>. His father, .Mr. Obed Stan- 
ard, was one of the early settlers in New En- 
gland, and his mother, formerly Miss P^lizabeth 
A. Webster, also came of oneof the oldest colonial 
families. When their son was about four years 
old, Mr. and Mrs. O. Stanard came west, locat- 
ing on a farm in A'an Buren countv, Iowa. 
Here young Pxhvin worked on the farm during 
the summer, attending the public schools as 
regularly as possible and completing his edu- 
cation by a full course of .study in the High 
School at Keosoqua, Iowa. 

In the year 1<S">2 young Mr. Stanard, who 
was then nineteen, came to this section of the 
country. He taught school for three years in 
Madi.son county, Illinois, and when .school was 
not in session he studied hard, spending all he 
could spare from his salary in the pursuit of 
learning. In 1 !->.")() he accepted a position as 
book-kee])er for a commission firm in .Alton, Illi- 
nois, which city at that jieriod was a vigorous 
commercial rival of St. Louis, and after holding 
the position for one year he came to this citv 
and established himself in the cinumission busi- 
ness. 

Those who know (io\ernor Stanard to-chu- 
can easih- imagine the energy and earnestness 
he forced into his business at the age of twenty- 
five, and it is not surprising that he soon built 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOT IS. 



lip an exceediu<;l)' valuable business. He kept 
on adding to this business until the year isiil, 
when the blockade on the Mississippi ri\er com- 
pelled him to open a branch house in Chicago. 
After the blockade was raised he opened a third 
establishment at New Orleans, but made St. 
Louis his headquarters and directed the bulk of 
his very profitable business from that point. He 
continued in the commission business until the 
year 18()8, wlien he closed his contracts and 
entered into the milling business, establishing 
the house which has continued with but slight 
changes until now. At the present time the 
output is 2,500 barrels a day, and is steadih- 
increasing. St. Louis has the reputation of 
being the best winter wheat flour market in the 
world, and the E. O. Stanard Milling Company 
has much to do with maintaining that reputation. 

Mr. vStanard has been actively connected with 
the Merchants' Exchange for over a quarter of 
a century. In 18(i(i he was elected to the pres- 
idency, making one of the ablest of the many 
splendid presidents the Exchange has been fort- 
unate in electing. He was shortly afterwards 
elected vice-president of the National Board of 
Trade, a position he still fills. In every local 
enterprise Mr. Stanard, or Governor Stanard, as 
he is invariably called, has been foremost. Few 
men have labored so unselfishly or successfully 
to secure the deep water between St. Louis and 
the Gulf, and he has also done good service to 
the city in the way of removing unfair discrim- 
inations against it in the matter of railroad rates. 

The (Tovernor has always been an earnest 
su])porter of the Exposition, and one of the 
hardest workers on its board. He was presi- 
dent of the board of directors during the 1893 
season, when, in spite of the hard times and the 
overwhelming competition in Chicago, a hand- 
some profit was realized. He was also one of 
the first to come to the front and assist in estab- 
lishing the Autumnal P^estivities Association. 
He is first vice-president of the association, 
and also chairman of the committee on trans- 
portation. He is also a director of the St. 
Louis Trust Company, and was for fourteen 
years president of the Citizens' Fire Insurance 



Compau}-, which institution was uniformh- pros- 
perous under his management. 

In politics Governor Stanard is a Republican. 
In 18(38 he was elected Lientenant-( Governor of 
Missouri, and shortly afterwards was elected to 
the Forty-third Congress, from what was then 
known as the second district. In Congress he 
worked hard for local measures as well as for 
national reform, and he succeeded in securing 
liberal appropriations for improving the river, 
as well as the establishment of the jetty system, 
which has since proved so uniformly advan- 
tageous. On leaving Congress, Governor Stan- 
ard retired to a great extent from active politics, 
and although he has assisted his party by advice 
and counsel, he has declined to accept nomi- 
nations, although many have been tendered him. 

Governor Stanard is an acti\-e member of the 
Methodist-Episcopal Church, having been con- 
nected with the denomination for thirty-five 
years. He is well known as a philanthropist, and 
takes part with great vigor in all movements in 
connection with his church. In 1881 he was 
elected by the Missouri Conference as a delegate to 
the great Ecumenical Conference in London, En- 
gland, and he fulfilled his trust well. In short, 
Crovernor Stanard has from his youth up been 
an excellent citizen and a good neighbor. Few 
men are better known throughout the West 
and South, and fewer still are more highly re- 
spected. He is now sixty years of age, but does 
not consider himself an old man, and still looks 
after his business personally. 

In I8f)(i Mr. Stanard married Miss Esther 
Kauffman, of Iowa City, Iowa. He has four 
children — two sons and two daughters — Cora Z., 
now Mrs. Edgar D. Tilton, of St. Louis; Will- 
iam K., IClla, and Edward ()., Jr. 

Smith, Andrew Jack.sox. — The distin- 
guished soldier and patriot who is the subject of 
this biography, inherited patriotic and war-like 
blood, and it was natural that he should find him- 
self adapted to the life of a soldier; and that he 
should win honor and distinction amid the rush 
and destruction of battle, is but the fulfillment 
of the decree of hereditv. His father. General 




So^c^ic^^ 



liiocRAPHK A I. Ai'ri-ixnix. 



KJl 



Samuel Sinitli, won distinction and liis title in 
the war of 1S12. He was a friend of Lafayette, 
and was with that great Frenchman when he 
visited Philadeljihia. The elder Smith was 
born in Bncks county in 1742. He owned a 
very fine farm on the Delaware, and after the 
war of 1S12 he resij^ned his commission and 
returned tt) the farm, where he died in l'S;).S, at 
the ripe age of ninety-six years. 

The subject of this sketch was born just at 
the close of this second attempt of (rreat Britain 
to crush the Colonies. April 28, ISl.j, was 
the date of his birth, and the old county of 
Bucks, one of the three Pennsylvania counties 
settled by the Quakers in the sixteenth century, 
was his birthplace. 

In the days of young Andrew's )-outh the 
public school of the present day was unknown, 
but of course the best private institution of the 
times was to be had uear home, as Philadel- 
phia was at that time the center of civilization 
and culture for the western world. Therefore, 
the boy obtained the best education to be 
afforded by a private school in Philadelphia, at 
which institution he studied until his eighteenth 
year. 

At that time, or in l'S;U, he was appointed a 
cadet by the great president after whom he was 
named — Cjeneral Andrew Jackson. He entered 
West Point July 1, 1834, and graduated there- 
from on July 1, bSoX. He was given the com- 
mission of a second lieutenant, and served at 
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, at the school for cavalry 
practice during parts of 1S88 and lH;3i). He 
was then put on recruiting service during parts 
of l«3!l and l.S4(). In the latter part of the 
latter year he was sent on the expedition to the 
Pottawotomie country. During 1.S40, '41 and 
'42 he was located at P'ort Leavenworth, except 
during a brief time in 1841, when he was 
ordered to Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis. He 
was ordered to Fort Gibson, ludian Territory, 
in 1843, and in the same year he was ordered 
to return to Fort Leavenworth, where he re- 
mained until bS4."(. 

On March 4, 1.S4.'), he was created a first lieu- 
tenant of dratroons, and in the same vear was 



ordered on an expedition to the Rocky mount- 
ains. 

When the war with .Mexico broke out, he 
was immediately ordered to the front, Ijeing the 
first lieutenant of a regiment commanded by 
General Stephen Kearney. Phil Kearney, after- 
ward renowned as a great Indiau fighter, was 
also in the command of (rcneral Stephen, who 
was his uncle. As young Phil likewise held the 
rank of a lieutenant, the young uien became 
fast friends before the campaign had progressed 
\-ery far. 

The coniniand had scarceh' reached the seat 
of war when (General Kearue\- was ordered to 
return to the East. Directly after this. Lieu- 
tenant Smith was ordered to vSouthern California 
to watch the interests of Uncle Sam, being sta- 
tioned for garrison duty at San Diego during 
1.S4.S. 

On February Hi, 1.S47, the young soldier was 
again promoted, he being made captain of the 
First Dragoons. In 1841t, during the excite- 
ment and wild times incident to the disco\-er\- 
of gold, he was stationed at vSan P'raucisco. 
Within the next decade he was stationed at 
various points in California, Oregon and Wash- 
ington, and engaged in many expeditions and 
cam])aigns against the Indians. 

May 1."), 18(>1, lie was created a major of 
dragoons, and a little later was sent from Wash- 
ington Territory on an expedition to the Nez 
Perces agency. While there he received a per- 
emptory call to return to San F'rancisco, from 
which place he was at once ordered to Wash- 
ington, where he was expected to assist in put- 
ting down the rebellion. He at once embarked 
for New York, going by wa\- of the Panama 
canal. Kven in those days the trip from San 
Francisco to New York was not only expensive 
but tedious, requiring thirty days' time to com- 
plete it. 

Upon his arrival in \\'ashiugton he was cre- 
ated major of cavalry on August o, LSiil. Only 
a few weeks after this, or on October 2, he was 
created colonel of the Second California Cavalr\- 
\'oluuteers, and with his command was ordered 
west to join the Army of the Tennessee, when 



16: 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



he was appointed chief of botli the cavalry 
departments of Missonri and Mississippi. Tliis 
office he held until LSti-i. 

On March 17, 1?^62, he was made a brigadier- 
general of United States Volunteers. Then 
began a campaign unexampled in activity and 
hard fighting for the next three years. During 
18(52, '63 and '64 General Smith led his com- 
mand over nearly all of Alabama, Mississippi, 
Arkansas and Tennessee, and during that time 
saw nearly as active service as falls to the lot 
of any soldier. He commanded a detachment 
of the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Corps part of 
the time, and the battles and skirmishes in 
which he gallantly led his troops are too numer- 
ous to mention here. However, it might be 
well to enumerate some of the chief engage- 
ments in which he participated. He was in the 
bloody siege of Corinth, and was in the van in 
the courageous assault on Chickasaw Bluffs; he 
was all through the tedious and dangerous siege 
of Vicksburg, and assisted at the capture of 
Port Gibson; he cheered his men up Champion 
Hill against the slaughtering fire of the enemy; 
he was the chief figure in the Red x'w&x cam- 
paign; and his bra\'ery at the battle of Pleasant 
Hill, Louisiana, won him distinction; in May, 
LS()4, he covered the rear of Banks' retreat, and 
in the same year defended St. Louis from the 
threatened attack of Price; he was at Tupelo 
and Nashville, and in 1<S6 1 commanded a de- 
tachment of Thomas" arm\- in its campaign 
against Hood. 

On April 10, 1864, he was made a brevet col- 
onel, " for gallant and conspicuous bravery at 
the battle of Pleasant Hill, Louisiana." May 
9, 1864, he was created lieutenant-colonel of 
the Fifth Cavalry, and three days later was made 
major-general of United vStates \'olunteers. 
Again, at the battle of Tupelo, by his brave lead- 
ership in the assault on the enem\- he won dis- 
tinction, and the title of brevet brigadier-general 
was conferred on him. 

At the battle of Nashville he, for the third 
time, distinguished himself by his conspicuous 
gallantry, and was rewarded by having the title 
of bre\et major-general conferred on him. 



During ISiif) he was in the campaigns in 
various parts of Alabama, was at the battle of 
Mobile and led the attack on Spanish Fort. He 
was mustered out of the volunteer service, Jan- 
uary IT), 18()6, and was made colonel of the 
Seventh Cavalry, regular army, July 28, 18()(!, 
the same regiment of which General Custer was 
then lieutenant-colonel. In 18(i7 and 1^<6'S he 
was in command of the Upper Arkansas. 

In 1S72, his old commander, (leneral Grant, 
recognizing the fact that a man who had ren- 
dered his country such signal service in war 
could not but prove a faithful servant in peace, 
appointed him postmaster of St. Louis. He, of 
course, resigned his commission in the army. 
He served the people of St. Louis four years, 
and made a most excellent civil official. Imme- 
diately after his term as postmaster had expired. 
General Smith was elected city auditor and 
served four years. 

General Smith is married to Miss Anna Simp- 
son, daughter of Dr. Robert Simpson, of St. 
Louis. They luwe one son living, William 
Beaumont Smith, who has undoubted talent as 
an actor, and who has adopted the stage as his 
profession. He was a member of the Booth and 
Barrett company until the latter died and the 
company was thus broken up. 

After a most active life as soldier and ci\ilian, 
Cieneral vSmith has now retired to his handsome 
home here in .St. Louis to rest and enjoy the 
honors he has earned. 

vScuuDER, Charles, city treasurer of St. 
Louis, is one of the city's representati\e men, 
and through the changes of many years he has 
been identified with its growth aiul history in 
various ways. He is of that \'irile Kentucky- 
stock which has played such a conspicuous 
part in the de\-elopnient of America, and is 
himself a native of that .State, having been 
born at Mayslick, Mason count}', Xo\'ember 1, 
IS'i;}. 

His father, Charles, was a nati\e of Xcw 
Jerse\-, while his mother, Mar\- (Hood), came 
from \'irgiuia. His father was a physician, 
and when the subject of this sketch was 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



It;.', 



two years old, he emigrated to Indiana, renio\-- 
ing from that State to St. Louis in IfSiiT. His 
three sons, John A., Charles and Wm. H., all 
became leading citizens and successful men 
of this cit\-. W'ni. H. is now dead. John A. 
is very wealthy, while Charles is rising toward 
the zenith of a most active and honorable 
career. 

The latter was educated in the public schools 
of the city, which he attended until he was 
seventeen years old, being at one time a pupil 
of the late Colonel 
David H.Armstrong, 
who was, as we have 
already seen, a teach- 
er in the first public 
jchool opened in St. 
L,ouis. When he 
left school he en- 
tered a retail dry 
goods store as clerk, 
but the work proving 
not to his taste, he 
secured a position as 
clerk on a steam- 
boat, and this was 
the beginning of a 
most e\'entful career 
on the ri\er, whose 
trade was then at its 
greatest activity. 

He next became 
the captain of a Keo- 
kuk boat, then be- 
came identified with 

the Lower Mississippi and the Missouri river 
trades. Throughout the war he had charge 
of a boat store at Cairo, and at the end of the 
contest returned to St. Louis and became iden- 
tified with Messrs. Griswold and Clement in the 
management of the Lindell HoteL This ar- 
rangement continued for twelve years, or until 
l^iHS, when he was elected to the office of public 
administrator on the Republican ticket. The 
next public trust conferred on him was the one 
he now holds as cit\- treasurer, to which he 
was elected in bSii;',. 



dm 



He has pro\cd in every cajiacitN- that he is a 
citizen who can be trusted, and that his fellow- 
citizens have not erred in conferring honors 
upon him. Mr. Scudder was married in LSliO 
to Miss Sarah V. Rogers, of Marion county, 
Missouri. Nine children have been born to 
them, eight of whom are still li\ing. 

Isaacs, Henry (t., is a native of the city of 
Brotherly Love, and was born in 1840. He 
passed his boyhood in New York, and was edu- 
cated in Trinity 
School of that city, 
from which he grad- 
uated to enter the 
architectural office 
of Richard Upjohn, 
in that day a famed 
architect of the great 
metropolis. The 
boy early displayed 
marked talent in 
architectural draw- 
ing and design, and 
under such an excel- 
1 e n t tutor made 



rapid progress, s( 
becoming his tea^ 
er"s in\-aluablc 



CHARLES SCLDDl 



sistaut. In l.S(i4 he 
came to St. Louis, 
which was then, as 
now, a better field 
for the architect than 
the eastern cities, 
which have already passed through their season 
of greatest growth. 

On reaching this city he entered the office of 
George I. Barnett as an assistant, subsequently 
becoming that gentleman's partner. In l.SliT this 
partnership was dissolved to permit Mr. Isaacs 
to establish a business of his own. Prior to this 
his ability had attracted the attention of capi- 
talists, and since he has been in bu.siness on his 
own account there has been no lack of impor- 
tant commissions. He has contributed in a 
marked and material way to the development 



164 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



of St. Louis, and attention need only be called 
to the Sanmel C. I)a\'is Bnilding, the Ames 
Block, the Odd Fellows Hall Building, the Mer- 
cantile Library, the Bank of Commerce Bnild- 
ing and the New Planters' House, which were 
designed by him, to establish the fact of his 
skill and ability as an architect. His plans 
have been submitted to the severest tests of time 
and criticism, and he is recognized both within 
and without the profession as one of the ablest 
and most advanced architects of the West. Mr. 
Isaacs is a memlier of the American Institute 
of Architects. 

Barxktt, Gkorge L, the son of Absolom 
and vSarah (Ingham) P>arnett, was born in Not- 
tingham, Kngland, on the i^Oth of March, ISl.'). 
He was educated in that country at the classical 
school founded by the celebrated Agnes Mal- 
lowes, established for the education of Burgess' 
sons. 

He came to America on the 1st of April, 
l.s;')!(, and settled for a time in the city of New 
York. Late in the autumn of that year he re- 
moved to St. Louis, and has since remained an 
honored and leading citizen of that city. In 
the spring of the following year he established 
himself in the business of an architect. His 
first professional work in St. Louis was in draw- 
ing the perspecti\-e \-iew of the present Court 
House for Singleton & Foster, then the only 
architects in the citv, and who had charge of 
that work. His next professional work was the 
production of a perspective view of the St. 
Louis Theater, which was of such merit as to 
be preserved in the historical society of the 
city. In the spring of l.SIO he was employed 
by the firm of Clark & Lewis, then leading 
architects, who built the church of St. \'incent 
de Paul. 

Among the more prominent and notable struct- 
ures supervised by Mr. Barnett, as the architect, 
may be mentioned St. Mary's Church, the old 
Post-oflice Building ( from which work he was 
discharged for voting for Thomas H. Benton 
and against James K. Polk), the old and new 
Southern Hotel, Lindell Hotel, the Centenarv 



Church, Union Methodist Church, Third Pres- 
b>-terian Church, the Equitable Building, Barr's 
store, and made drawings for a part of the 
Planters' House. He was also architect for the 
late Henry Shaw, superintending the construc- 
tion of all of his buildings, as well as those at 
the Fair Grounds. In competition with architect 
ITpjohn, of Boston, he made drawings for Trin- 
ity- Church, which were presented by Martin 
E. Thomas. He also suggested to the late 
James Lucas and laid out Lucas Place. Over 
i^hW of the fine residences of the city are the 
production of his work. In his professional 
labors Mr. Barnett has become an interesting 
part of historical St. Louis. 

He was first married to ]\Iiss Ann Lewis, of 
this cit\', in l.s4(i, bv whom he has three chil- 
dren — Sarah ( now ^Irs. Lewis Drew, of Da\en- 
port, Iowa), Emma (now Mrs. Frank A. Drew, 
of St. Louis), and Absolom, an architect in 
San F'rancisco. The grandchildren were twent\ - 
three in number, and but one death has occurred 
in the family since his first marriage. 

The second marriage was in l.s,'),S, to Miss 
Lizzie Armstrong, by whom he has four cliil = 
dren — ?ilary, F^lizabeth, George I), and Thomas. 

JOH.x.sox, CHARLK.S Philip, was boru at Leb- 
anon, St. Clair count\', Illinois, Januar\' bS, 
lis;)!). His j:)arents were Flenry and F^hira 
( Fouke ) Johnson. They were among the pio- 
neers of the ^lississippi \'alley. His maternal 
grandparents came from Virginia and settled 
before the beginning of the pi'esent century at 
Kaskaskia, where his mother was born. His 
father was born in Philadelphia. His mother, a 
woman of strong character and fine mind, many 
of whose marked traits her son inherited, is still 
living and is an inmate of his home. 

With a natural thirst for knowledge, he made 
the best possible use of the limited advantages 
that were afforded by the common schools of 
Belleville. He supplemented the education ob- 
tained there by a year's study in McKendree Col- 
lege, just before he came to St. Louis. Like 
Franklin, the subject of our sketch acquired mucli 
of the education that has been of practical \alue to 




^^^ - ^ (yya^^^^^^^t~ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPIINDIX. 



My. 



lini ill a ininting office, he luuiiii;- learned " the 
irt preser\ati\e of all arts," and when l.mt ei_i4ht- 
■en years (.)Id pul)lislied a weekly newspaper at 
>parta, Illinois. 

In 1855 he came to St. Louis and read law 
vith Judge William C. Jones and General R. F. 
,Vingate, and was admitted to the bar in 1857. 
riie conntry was even then entering the pre- 
iminary stages of the political strife which was 
oon to precipitate it into a might)' ci\il war. 
^.rdent, patriotic and ambitions as was young 
oliiison, just entering upon the threshold of his 
lareer, it can easily be tinderstood how difficult 
t would be for him to remain inactive. It was 
mpossible for him to do so, and he at once eii- 
ered heart and soul into the free-soil movement, 
lud became an active partisan and one of the 
rusted lieutenants of that dashing and chivalric 
eader, Frank P. Blair. 

In the spring of 185tl, Mr. Johnson was elected 
;ity attorney for the term of two years. Dur- 
ng the memorable campaign of 18(iO he was 
in active supporter of Abraham Lincoln. When 
he first call was issued for troops in ISiil, he 
unlisted and served as a lieutenant in the Third 
Regiment Missouri Infantry. During this time 
le assisted Morgan L. and Giles F. Smith in 
ecruiting the famous Eighth Missouri Regi- 
nent, which he tendered to President Lincoln 
n person. He was elected major of the regi- 
nent, but declined on account of poor health. 

When the division occurred in the Republican 
iart>- in St. Louis, in LSi!:^, and one wing of 
he Congressional Convention nominated Frank 
P. Blair as a candidate for Congress, Mr. John- 
ion was nominated by the other, but he declined 
;he nomination (being then barely old enough 
;o be eligible), and placed Hon. Samuel Knox 
11 nomination, who was elected over General 
lilair. 

He then accejited a nomination for the Legis- 
ature, and was elected. He was appointed 
;hairmau of the Committee on Emancipation, 
:ind his brilliant oratorical ability soon made him 
leader of the House. He endeavored to per- 
suade the ]iri)-sla\-cry ])arty to acce])t President 
Lincoln's inoi^osiliou to pa>- the slave holders 



who had remained faithful to the I'liion for 
their sla\-es. Mr. Johnson came out for uncon- 
ditional and immediate emancipation, and intro- 
duced the bill calling the State convention. In 
the bitter contest for the United States Senator 
at this session, Mr. Johnson was an unwavering 
supporter of B. Gratz Brown, and rather than 
give up his candidate he forced an adjournment 
by joining his forces with those of Hon. John 
S. Phelps, and an election of senator was thus 
prevented. In the fall of 18li4 Mr. Johnson 
was nominated for Congress, but Hon. Samuel 
Knox ran as an independent candidate, dividing 
the Republican \(.)te, and Mr. John Hogan was 
elected. 

The Convention bill was passed at the ad- 
journed session of the Legislature in the win- 
ter of 1863-()4, and the State convention met in 
St. Louis, in January, 1864. It immediately 
passed an ordinance freeing the slaves and then 
proceeding to form what is known as the 
"Drake Constitution," which was submitted to 
the people for adoption in Alay following. Mr. 
Johnson made a canvass of the vState in opposi- 
tion to the new constitution, on account of its 
intolerant and proscriptive features, and was 
elected to the Legislature the following fall, as 
a member at large from St. Louis county. In 
the fall of 18()(i he was appointed circuit attor- 
ne\- for the city and couut>- of St. Louis; in 
l!S().S was elected to the same position, which 
he held for six }'ears. 

When the liberal ReiMiblicau ino\-enieut was 
inaugurated in this State, I\Ir. Johnson gave it 
his adhesion, and was a delegate to the State 
convention that sent delegates to the Cincinnati 
convention which nominated Greeley and Brown. 
In 1.S72 he was nominated for and elected lieu- 
tenant-governor on the ticket headed I^y Silas 
Woodson. He made a model presiding officer 
of the Senate, and was distinguished for his 
knowledge of parliamentary law and his fair- 
ness and impartiality. 

During the time he was lieutenant-governor, 
Mr. Johnson made a departure from the usual 
course of the presiding officers of the Senate by 
having introduced in the Senate a bill alirogat- 



im 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



ing what was known as the ' ' Social Evil Law 
in St. Louis, an ordinance providing for licens- 
ing of houses of ill-repute, and advocating upon 
the floor of the Senate the passage of the bill. 
It was mainly through his efforts the bill was 
passed and the disgraceful "Social Evil Law" 
expunged from the municipal statute book of 
St. Louis. 

In 1880 Governor Johnson was again elected 
to the Legislature and secured the passage of a 
law making gambling a felony, punishable b\- 
imprisonment in the penitentiary, and during 
the following year he conducted his memorable 
fight against the " gambling ring," which ended 
in its complete overthrow and destruction. 

At no time has Governor Johnson permitted 
politics or the holding of office to interfere with 
the practice of his profession. He devoted him- 
self largely to the criminal practice, and lias 
established a reputation as one of the foremost 
criminal lawyers in the West, having been con- 
nected with most of the leading criminal cases, 
not only in this city and State, but throughout 
the West, his practice including the States of 
Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, 
Kansas, Colorado and other States. He is asso- 
ciated with his brotlier, John D. Johnson, em- 
inent as a civil lawyer, and gives his attention 
almost entirely to the criminal branch of the 
business. 

Whether as a statesman, advocating measures 
for the welfare of the people; a lawyer plead- 
ing the cause of the weak or innocent; a 
public prosecutor arraigning criminals at the 
bar of justice; or a citizen in the walks of 
private life. Governor Johnson has always been 
the same dignified, courteous gentleman, so 
demeaning himself as to command the respect 
and admiration of all who know him. 

Governor Johnson is notabl)' domestic in his 
tastes and habits. He has been twice married. 
His first wife was Miss Estelle Parker, by whom 
he has four children — two daughters, one the 
wife of Hon. J. F. Merryman, of this city, and 
the other the wife of Mr. George Cook, tlie 
noted patent lawyer, of New York City; Harry 
T., age twenty-one, who is a student in the law 



department of the Washington University, and 
Ralph, age eighteen, who is attending Bethany 
College, at Bethany, West Virginia. His second 
wife was Louise Stevens, daughter of a former 
respected and prosperous merchant of St. Louis, 
by whom he has three children — two boys, 
Albert W. and Charles P., and one daughter, 
Louise, who is about the same age of the young- 
est of his four grandchildren. 

Kknnard, Samuel M., is perhaps the most 
typical new St. Louisan the city has seen. 
Although no longer a young man he retains all 
the energy and restless activity of youth, and 
although at the head of the largest exclusi\e 
carpet house in America, he still finds time to 
devote to every movement which is designed to 
advance the cit\-'s interests and to help forward 
e\-er\- project calculated to make St. Louis met- 
ropolitan in every sense of the word. 

To detail Mr. Kennard's public work during 
the last ten or fifteen years would be to re-write 
the hi.story of New St. Louis. He helped to 
organize the Mercantile Club, which has been of 
such marked value to the city in many ways, 
and from the first he was among the most active 
advocates of street illuminations, fall festivities 
and other methods of attracting visitors and en- 
tertaining them; and as res nan verba is one of 
the leading maxims of his daily life, his advo- 
cacy meant putting his shoulder to the wheel 
rather than telling other people what to do. 

He was the first to insist on the possibility of 
erecting an Exposition Building and holding an 
annual exposition, and when he had persuaded 
other leading men to fall in line, he showed his 
faith in the project by liberal cash contributions, 
and by giving the work his daily and almost 
hourly attention. When the structure was 
completed he had the pleasure of declaring the 
first exposition open. He was president during 
the first eight highly successful seasons, and is 
still a director of the association. 

It was Mr. Kennard who presided o\er the 
historical meeting of May 11, I-SIU, when the 
Autumnal Festivities Association was formed, 
and as president of the executive committee 




'^' 



(P ^o 



niOCRAPHICAL APPENPrX. 



he was the .<^ui(1iiij( spirit of that organization 
during its successful career. Tlie new Planters' 
House, one of the finest hotels in America, 
was erected by a company with which this 
gentleman is connected, and in a variety of 
other ways he has lent his influence, energy, 
and money to projects which have resulted most 
ad\antageously to New St. Louis. 

Vi.x. Kennard is about fifty-two years of age, 
ha\ing been born in 1.S4 2. I^ike so many other 
prominent St. Louisans and Missourians, he 
claims the Blue Grass State as his birthplace, 
but his ancestors for several generations back 
had resided in the good old State of Maryland. 
From both branches Mr. Keunard comes through 
American stock . One of his grandfathers fought 
in the war of IS] 2, and more than one of his 
ancestors fought in the Revolutionary war, so 
that he is a son of America in every sense of the 
word. His father, Mr. John Keunard, was born 
in Baltimore, and in 1833 he married Miss 
Rebecca O wings Mummey, daughter of the head 
of the firm of ]\Iummey & Meredith, one of the 
largest wholesale diy goods merchants in the 
United States during the time that Baltimore 
competed with New York for the distinction of 
being the first jobbing point in the country. 

Mr. John Kennard moved into Kentucky 
about nine }-ears after his marriage and estab- 
lished himself in business at Lexington, in which 
town his son, Samuel M. , was born. After about 
twenty years this business, always prosperous, 
had outgrown the city in which it was located. 
Casting his e)-e around for a more suitable place 
from which to direct his operations, Mr. John 
Kennard saw that St. Louis was both the gate- 
way of the West and vSouth, and the best 
distrilniting jioint in the country, and in l.S.')7 
he located here. For fifteen )-ears his life was 
spared to vSt. Louis, and when he died he was 
mourned as a \aluablc citizen as well as a 
faithful friend. 

The subject of this sketch was educated in 
the public schools and sul)sc(iuently in a more 
advanced institution, but he was onl\- fifteen 
years of age when he coiniucnced his business 
career in his father's cstablislinK-nt in St. Louis. 



When the war broke out he regarded it as his 
duty to support the South, and when only nine- 
teen years of age he left St. Louis and enli.sted 
in the Confederate army, serving in the artillery 
attached to Cockrell's brigade until the end of 
the war, seeing much active service and fighting 
shoulder to shoulder with a number of uien who 
are now, like himself, looked upon with the 
greatest respect h>- St. Louis people generally. 

His military career terminated in June, 18(55, 
and he shortly afterwards returned to St. Louis, 
via New Orleans, and was made a partner in the 
carpet house, the firm name being changed to 
J. Kennard & Sous. Mr. Samuel M. Kennard 
iufu.sed a great deal of new life into the bu.sine.ss, 
and before long had almost exclusive control of 
the buying department. On the death of his 
father the firm was incorporated under the State 
law as the J. Kennard & Sons' Carpet Company, 
of which establishment the .subject of this sketch 
is the president and the guiding spirit. He has 
taken several long trips in the interest of the 
house, and possessing to a marvelous extent the 
facult}-, the conciliation, and friendship-mak- 
ing, he has succeeded in opening up new terri- 
tory and in vastly increasing the scope of the 
firm's operations. In only one respect does the 
great carpet company resemble the courpara- 
tively small Kentucky house from which it 
sprung. This is in the policy of sterling justice 
tocu.stomers; and the confidence which is reposed 
in the house is something unique in commer- 
cial history. Its traveling men cover almost the 
entire country, and it may be regarded as one of 
the most lasting bulwarks of St. Louis com- 
merce. 

Mr. Kennard is what may be termed an inde- 
pendent Democrat, always glad when he can 
give to his party the full force of his support. 
He has been frequently asked to accept political 
office, and when he can be persuaded to accejit 
the ma\oralty nomination he will be supported 
b\- the connnercial element, without regard to 
partw He married in the year bSliT Miss .\uniri- 
K. M.uide,sister of John 15. Maude and .Mrs. l'. 
C. Sharpe, of this city, and has a family of six 
cliildren. .Mr. and Mrs. Kennard and famil\- 



ir.s 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



reside in an elegant mansion on the corner of 
Portland place and King's Highway bonlevard. 

^ilention has already been made of Mr. Ken- 
nard's active work outside his own business. 
He is president of the Autumnal Festivities As- 
sociation; treasurer of the Citizens' Smoke 
Abatement Association; a director and ex-pres- 
ident of the St. Louis Exposition and Music 
Hall Association; a member of the Mercantile 
Club, having been its president for the first and 
second year; a member of the Noonday, Com- 
mercial and St. Louis clubs; a director of the 
American Exchange Bank, the Mississippi Val- 
ley Trust Company, and the St. Louis and Sub- 
urban Railroad Company; and president of the 
Missouri Savings & Loan Company. 

"Sir. Kennard is a prominent member of the 
St. John's M. E. Church, South, and has con- 
tributed most liberally towards its support. In 
religion, as in politics, he is exceedingly liberal, 
and he has a deep-rooted objection to bitter sec- 
tarianism or religious warfare of any kind. Al- 
though a Protestant by education and con\-ic- 
tion, he has seen so much good work done by 
Catholics that he recognizes in them co-laborers 
for one cocnmou end; and during his war career 
he shared a blanket every night for two years 
with a Catholic priest. His friends are members 
of all denominations, and sincerity is in his 
judgment the one thing needful. His attitude 
on the drink question is similar. He fights in- 
teraperence, but is opposed to unduly severe 
prohibition legislation, and his position, although 
perfectly logical, has in consequence been some- 
times misunderstood. The various institutions 
and funds with which he is, and has been, con- 
nected have been occasionally criticised in 
matters of detail, but the people generally agree 
that he has proved a faithful steward in every way. 

G.\iENNiE, Fr.\xk, general manager of the St. 
Louis Exposition, may be described as a born 
organizer, so successful has he been in arrang- 
ing and organizing public enterprises having 
for their object the betterment of St. Louis, and 
more especially for the entertainment of visitors 
to the city. No man in the city has a larger num- 



berof personal friends, and ^Ir. (yaiennie isso pro- 
verbially faithful that he is in the confidence of 
members of both political parties and of repre- 
sentatives of rival factions in almost every walk 
of life. 

As manager of the Exposition he has proved 
himself to be the right man in the right place. 
He was appointed at a time when interest in the 
annual event seemed to be waning. He at once 
took hold, conciliated all interests, caused a re- 
vival of friendly rivalry, and introduced so many 
novelties into the arrangement and management 
that each of his four seasons has been not only 
successful from a financial standpoint, but also 
an artistic and musical success of no insignifi- 
cant character. It was Mr. (laiennie who ar- 
ranged for the largest military band ever seen 
upon the stage of any building in the world, 
and Gilmore's One Hundred will ever be remem- 
bered as a tribute to his enterprise and daring. 

The sudden death of Colonel Gilmore during 
the season of 1892 placed the Exposition 
management in a most unfortunate position, 
and once more Mr. Gaiennie's tact and judg- 
ment was manifest. He succeeded in not only 
completing the musical programme for the }earin 
a satisfactory manner, but also in securing for 
subsequent seasons Sousa's Unrivaled Band, 
undoubtedh- the greatest musical aggregation in 
existence. 

As secretary of the Autumnal Festivities 
Association, Mr. Gaiennie during the years 1891, 
1892 and 1893 did yeoman service for St. Louis. 
It is impossible to give him too much credit for 
the inception of the idea which led to the forma- 
tion of the association, while during the three 
seasons of its active work he took charge of all 
the immense mass of detail work, declining to 
accept any remuneration for services worth 
many thousands of dollars. The uniquely suc- 
cessful St. Louis reception to the Foreign Com- 
missioners to the World's Fair was a result of 
his forethought and ingenuity, and the manner 
in which he secured for the Exposition of 1.S94, 
the cream of the Missouri State exhibit at the 
Columbian Exposition, stamps him as a diplo- 
matist as well as an organizer. 






l^yt^lY^^^^ 



^ 



BIOGRA PHICA I, APPENDIX. 



Ifii) 



Mr. Gaiemiie was l)oni in the city of New 
Drleans, on February i*, 1841. Both his parents 
kvere natives of Louisiana, and every drop of 
jlood in Mr. Gaienuie's veins is American. He 
ivas educated in the public and private schools 
)f New Orleans, and finally graduated in the 
;onimercial course at Bel wood Academy near 
Matchitoches, Louisiana, Mr. C. C. Preston 
jeing principal at the time. When seventeen 
rears of age he entered into mercantile life in 
Matchitoches, and three years later was mustered 
nto the Confederate army. He enlisted in 
\pril, ISCl, and on May 17th was enlisted as a 
private in company G, Third Louisiana Infantry. 

He bore the brunt of a severe campaign, and 
,vas elected respectively second and first lieuten- 
lut. He participated in the battles of Wilson 
^reek, Pea Ridge, luka Springs, the second 
cattle of Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg, and 
dl of the marches and skirmishes incidental to 
iiese campaigns. 

He was paroled at Natchitoches in July, 
1865, and at once obtained a position as clerk 
n New ( )rleans. In l-Siii! he became a partner 
n the firm of E. K. Converse S: Company, from 
.vliich he retired in 1873. In that year he came 
;o St. Louis, wdiere he established the firm of 
jaiennie.& Marks. During the last twenty-one 
rears he has resided continuously in this city, 
uul has been a ])romiuent member of the Mer- 
diants' Kxchangc during the whole of that 
jeriod. In 187!i he was elected director of the 
Exchange, and in 1882 became its vice-presi- 
leut. He was elected president for the year 
I8S7, and his administration was an exception- 
dly successful one. He has also served for 
hree consecutive years as vice-president of the 
National Board of Trade. 

Among the other positions occupied at various 
:imes by Mr. Gaiennie, that of police commis- 
sioner, from 188.") to 1888, both inclusive, may 
je specially mentioned. He was also secretar}^ 
jf the World's Fair Committee, and is now 
1 vice-president of the Confederate Home for 
indigent Southern soldiers at Higgins\-ille, Mis- 
souri. Of this latter institution he was one of 
die original promoters and incorporators, and he 



spared no efforts to raise the large sum of money 
necessary for the admirable objects contemplated 
by the originators. 

Mr. Gaienuie's career as police commissioner 
was a very satisfactory one, and it is an open 
secret that it was largely the result of his efforts 
that both James G. Blaine and Grover Cleve- 
land visited St. Louis during the year 18,S7. 
The admirable police arrangements during the 
festivities incidental to both visits are not likely 
to be forgotten for uiauy years to come, and the 
same remark applies to another conspicuous 
event of the same year — the holding of the 
Grand Army Encampment for the first time in 
the history of the societ\- in what many of its 
members regarded as a Southern city. Mr. Gai- 
ennie also acted as grand marshal of the Papal 
Jubilee Parade on October 2, 1887, and held the 
same position at the centennial of President 
Washington's inauguration on April 30, 188i». 

Mr. Gaiennie married in New Orleans, Feb- 
ruary 22, 1872, Miss Maria Louisa Elder. Mr. 
and Mrs. Gaienuie's family consists at present 
of two daughters and four sons, their oldest son 
ha\ing recently died. 

PjOOTh, Joh.v N., was a native Missourian, 
having been born in Clarksville, Pike county, 
Missouri, July 1, 18;)."). His father. Major James 
W. Booth, was the son of Colonel Wm. Booth, 
a veteran of the Revolution of 177(>, and was 
born near Winchester, \'irginia, in 1801, at the 
old home of the Booth family, where they had 
lived from the time that the first American 
member of the family had emigrated from En- 
gland in the year 1()7(). The old house stood 
until recent years, and during the civil war was 
in the very center of the battle-field of Win- 
chester, made famous to the younger generation 
of Americans more through the incident of the 
thrilling ride of General Sheridan, which has 
been immortalized in prose and poetry, than 
through the battle itself, important as it was in 
its bearing on the closing issues of the civil war. 

Major Booth spent the earlier years of his life 
in Kentuckv, where he received his education, 
graduating with honors at Transylvania College. 



170 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



Ill IS'io lie came to Alissoiiri, settling at Clarks- 
ville. Here he remained for sixteen years, 
engaged in merchandising and milling. Dnr- 
ing this time he took part in the Black Hawk 
war and gained the title of major. He married 
Miss Sophronia Naylor, of St. Charles county, 
Missouri, whose father had located in Missouri 
in the early years of the century, in 1833. He 
removed to St. Louis in 184<i, recognizing that 
it was destined to become the greatest cit>' of 
the Mississippi Valley, and desiring to find a 
broader field for his labors. Here he soon em- 
barked in the leaf tobacco and general commis- 
sion business, and the firm he tlien founded has 
continued in business up to the present date, 
conforming as occasion might arise with the 
changes incident to the development of the busi- 
ness, and has always been in the front rank of 
the progressive business houses of the grow- 
ing metropolis. 

It is now probabh- the oldest established com- 
mission firm in St. Louis, and one of the oldest 
firms of any kind in the cit\-. By the infusion 
of fresh methods in the business from time to 
time, and by the association of younger men in 
its management, it not only maintains the ad- 
vantages accruing from its half century of high 
standing, but is kept in close touch with the 
present times and methods. 

Arrived in St. Louis at the age of eleven 
years, John N. Booth received his education 
from Mr. Edward Wyman, an ideal teacher and 
disciplinarian, whose memory is revered by the 
older residents of the city. At an early age he 
left school and became associated with his 
father in business, and for forty years thereafter 
was connected with the commission business, 
and was a master of its every detail. While 
.signally .successful in the conduct of his business 
during these many }-ears, he never allowed his 
time to be entirely taken up by his own imme- 
diate interests, but whenever occasion presented 
itself he took occasion to associate himself 
with matters pertaining to the general busi- 
ness interests of the city, among other things 
taking an active part in the conception and 
establishment of Forest Park, which has now 



become the city's chief pride and embellish- 
ment. He was connected as a director from 
time to time with a large number of important 
local enterprises, notably in the development of 
the great grain elevator interests of the cit>-, 
and with the management of the ^Mechanics' 
Bank, and was regular in attendance at meet- 
ings and conscientious in his voting and influ- 
ence. 

His father, ^lajor Booth, was a man of a sin- 
gularly affable nature, and his personal friends 
were legion in consequence. This quality was 
inherited in full by the son, and by his manlv, 
conscientious and cheerful nature he endeared 
himself to every one who came in contact with 
him. While having such a large personal ac- 
quaintance, he was of a retiring disposition, and 
always refused to allow his name to be brought 
forward at conventions, etc., although frequently 
importuned to do so by his friends. More than 
once he could have been nominated president of 
the Merchants' Exchange, the highest honor to 
which a merchant can aspire, but his retiring 
nature prevented his acceptance. 

He was the son of Christian parents and a 
practical Christian himself. By faith a Presby- 
terian, his deep religious convictions were only 
equaled by his entire freedom from uorrow sec- 
tarianism. 

He married in P'ebruary, 1S(;(;, Miss Alice 
Cxarrison, daughter of Hon. D. R. Crarrison. 
Two children were boru, a son and a daughter, 
and the former survi\es his father and succeeds 
to his place in the business, and to the heritage 
of the noble reputation which he has left be- 
hind him. 

Samuel, Wkb.stkr Mar.shai.l, one of the 
most prominent members of the Merchants' 
Exchange and ad\-ocates of Mississippi river 
improvement, was born on ^larch 7, Is;!!. 
Like so many other men who have risen to 
prominence, Mr. Samuel was born in the 
country, his parent's home at the time of his 
birth being at the little town of Liberty, ^Nlis- 
souri. His father, Mr. P^hvard M. .Samuel, was 
among the earliest settlers at that place, and by 




^^ c^--/^;^ 



'■/ 



niOGRAPHICAL APPEA'D/X. 



171 



lis strict attention to Inisiness and never-vary- 
ug integrity lie earned the respect of his neigli- 
3ors and rose to the position of president of tlie 
Parmers' Bank of Liberty, an important posi- 
:ion which he held for several years. Mrs. E. 
\I. Samuel was formerly Miss Elizabeth Garner, 
;he Garner family being a prominent one in 
V^irginia and Kentucky circles. Mrs Samuel 
vas a great-granddaughter of General John 
Frigg, who commanded a battalion against 
^ornwallis at the battle of Yorktown. 

Mr. Web. Samuel, as the gentleman has al- 
vays been known among his friends and busi- 
less associates, graduated from Center College, 
Danville, Kentucky, in the year 1852. Six 
•ears later, when he was but twenty-tour \-ears 
)f age, he entered into the grain and commis- 
;ion business, and, with the exception of an in- 
erval during the war, he continued in this 
)usiness until the year ISfSil, when he accepted 
he piesidency of the St. Louis United Eleva- 
ors, a corporation which owns and controls all 
he local grain elevators with but two exce]> 
ions. 

The nature of his business naturally led to 
\[r. .Samuel locating in the largest city in the 
5tate, and for some thirty-five years he has been 
dentified with St. Louis. In ISi;,'') he became 
lonnected with the Merchants' Exchange, and 
line 3'ears later he was elected its president, 
lis administration being marked by unusual 
interprise and repeated successes. Among tlie 
)fiices held by him, the vice-presidenc\- of the 
ettys Improvement Company may be mentioned 
is one of the most important. Brought into con- 
tant contact with the river and river traffic, Mr. 
jamuel became convinced of the absolute neces- 
ity of a comprehensive scheme of river improve- 
nent. Besides individual effort, which has 
)roved very successful, he has twice acted as a 
lelegate to visit Washington and urge upon the 
"ederal authorities the importance of river iin- 
)rovenient, and within the last two years he has 
)een iiiainh- instrumental in securing legislation 
)f a most lilieral character in this direction. 

Mr. Samuel also turned his attention to iiisur- 
iiice work, and for several Nears was iircsident of 



the Phtenix Company. He was also connected 
with the "Pony Express," which carried the 
mail from St. Joseph to San Francisco, the 
arduous trip being made by aid of ponies in ten 
days. Although the Union Pacific Railway now 
runs over practically the same route as that fol- 
lowed by the ponies, the time has only been 
shortened about sixty per cent. Mr. Samuel 
became connected with the express through the 
firm of Russell, Majors & Waddell, who were the 
earliest holders of government freighting con- 
tracts in the West. ]\Ir. Samuel gave his per- 
sonal attention to the work and made more than 
one tour of inspection along the then danger- 
ous route. In this, as in all othes matters, he 
regarded the interests of the public as his own, 
and it is this vigorous unselfishness which has 
made his career so successful and earned for 
him the hearty respect of his fellow-citizens. 
Mr. Samuel married in the year 18;')?, a daugh- 
ter of Mr. William H. Russell, senior member 
of the firm of Russell, Majors & Waddell, 
already referred to. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel have 
had seven children, the oldest of whom, who is 
named after his grandfather, is now a member 
of the firm of Adams & Samuel, grain and 
commission merchants. The other sons are, 
W. R. Samuel, Benjamin A. Samuel, Webster 
M. Samuel, Jr., and Newman Samuel. Both 
the daughters, Fanny and Elizabeth, are mar- 
ried, the former being now Mrs. John a Spoor, 
wife of the general manager of the Wagner Pal- 
ace Company; and the latter Mrs. IDaniel (Har- 
rison, of this cit\-. 

Havks, Jo.seph M. — .Vniong the men who 
have helped to make the commercial history of 
the great city of St. Louis, and whose sterling 
traits of character and unaided efforts have raised 
them to a high position, none are more worthy 
of mention than Joseph M. Hayes, the head of 
the great woolen house bearing his name. His 
l:)iography is most interesting, and should prove 
an encouragement to the young man just enter- 
ing upon the struggle of life, as it shows success 
to l)e certain to him wlio ]iossesses witliin him- 
self the elements which deserve it. 



172 



OLD AND MFAV ST. LOCIS. 



Joseph M. Hayes was bom in Cincinnati, 
Ohio, February 17, 184(); five years afterwards, 
however, his parents moved from Cincinnati to 
Illinois, finally locating at Peoria, where young 
Hayes received his education, attending public 
schools, and afterward Fay's Academy, leaving 
the latter to enter a commercial college in Chi- 
cago, where he took the full commercial course, 
including commercial law. Graduating from 
this college fully equipped in respect to a knowl- 
edge of commercial methods, he entered into 
practical business in Chicago, at the age of 
nineteen. 

Fortunately born with a disposition towards 
the practice^ of sensible economy and habits 
which were reasonable and steady, he at once 
began to save his money; these savings, coupled 
with the result of some speculation in real 
estate, enabled him to enter business on his own 
account at the age of twenty-four. It was in 
January, 1871, that he opened his small business, 
and had scarcely gotten it fairly under way when 
the great Chicago fire of October, 1871, occurred. 
This enormous conflagration swept hundreds of 
firms out of existence, and among them the 
business presided over by Mr. Hayes. An}' man 
of less energy and grit might have been over- 
whelmed by such early misfortune; iMit Mr. 
Hayes had the courage to bank on the future, 
and the very next day after the fire he pur- 
chased the stock and fixtures of a business on 
the edge of the burnt district, and immediatly 
started to New York to complete arrangements 
for a new beginning. Notwithstanding the 
large loss by the fire, the indebtness of the 
firm was paid in full, leaving but little to recom- 
mence business with except the confidence of 
former creditors, which, howe\'er, was not lack- 
ing, and his efforts, therefore, at another start 
were successful. The year following the fire was 
a very trying one, owing to the scarcity of biisi- 
ness buildings, and Mr. Hayes having no money 
to invest in such a structure, determined upon a 
removal to St. Louis. The struggle here to 
estaljlish the business and recoup the losses b\- 
the fire was a long one, but the l:>usiness was 
gotten fairly under way in bS7."), and since 



then its growth has been constant and its 
prosperity unbroken. 

In 188(5, with a view of interesting some of 
the faithful employes in the business, the firm 
was incorporated, and is known as the Joseph 
M. Hayes Woolen Company. Mr. Hayes is to- 
day the owner and mo\-ing spirit of the busi- 
ness, as he has always been. He and his busi- 
ness are peculiarly and closely related. He has 
infused his personalit\- into every department, 
and it has grown to be almost a part of himself. 
The business as originally established was on a 
smaller scale, but with the directing brain of its 
owner guiding it, it has grown to magnificent 
proportions, until to-day it proudly stands as 
one of the greatest houses in its line in the 
United States. The compau\- deals in woolens 
for men's wear, being importers and jobbers. It 
also deals extensively and imports all kinds of 
tailors' trimmings, and, in fact, supplies every- 
thing required in the manufacture of men's 
clothing. Some idea of the magnitude the 
business has now reached may be gained when 
it is stated that the trade territory reaches from 
Duluth in the north to the Gulf on the south, 
from C)hio on the east to the Pacific on the west, 
within which a large corps of traveling salesmen 
are constantly kept busy waiting on the custom- 
ers of the house. The house is known every- 
where for its solidity and unvarying integritx , 
and in the business community its responsibilitx 
is unimpeachable. The achievement of these 
results is well worthy the life-time of labor be- 
stowed upon it, and reflects the highest credit 
on the sagacity, energy and devotion of Mr. 
Hayes to correct business methods. 

In writing the biography of "S\x. Hayes, it has 
been previously intimated that the lousiness has 
become an expression of his character; and 
those who know the business and its methods 
can make a fair estimate of the man who has 
made it what it is. He is a man of the most 
rugged integrity, honorable and just in all the 
relations of life, quiet and unassuming, seldom 
acting on wild impulses, conservati\'e, but not 
narrow, he is a man of great reserve force and 
abilitv. His executive talent is highlv devel- 




^^^^-^^-.^^^U^.^;::^ 



nrOCRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



173 



)ped, and he has the facult\- of doing a large 
iinonnt of work without the appearance of great 
exertion. Between him and liis employes the 
kindliest feelings exist, as best evidenced by the 
fact that many have been with him for years. 

In private life his social qnalities and genial 
nature ha\-e won him the esteem of all with 
vvliom he has come in contact; and his host of 
friends admire and honor him for his manliness, 
nflexible honesty and goodness of heart. He 
!s jnst entering the meridian of life, and with 
liis past record of success to build upon, he will 
iccomplish yet more brilliant results for himself 
\nd for others. 

HoLTHAUS, IvOVis J., a financier of great ex- 
perience and ability, was born in St. Louis, De- 
:ember Hi, 1<S42. His parents were both na- 
:ives of Germany, his father, Caspar L., having 
jeen born in Hanover, and his mother, formerly 
Miss Mary \'. Hintz, having been liorn and 
raised in Rhenish Bavaria. 

When he was very young Mr. and Mrs. Holt- 
liaus lirought Louis J. to this country, and he 
ivas educated in the public schools of St. Louis, 
ifterwards taking a counse at St. Louis Univer- 
sity and a commercial college. In 1859 he went 
into the tobacco manufacturing business with 
liis father, and continued his connection with it 
;intil 1S!H), when he retired and Mr. Holthaus, 
Sr., continued operations alone. 

The subject of this sketch is a mathematician 
jf exceptional ability, and, regarding a financial 
:areer as more in his line than any other, he 
3;ave his attention quite early in life to banks 
md banking. About eleven years ago he was 
elected director of the Fourth National Bank of 
:his city, and the care and skill he exhibited 
resulted in his being made \-ice-president of the 
;n.stitution, a position he continues to occupy to 
;he satisfaction of all parties. His coun.sel is 
sought in matters of emergency and importance, 
ind he is looked upon as a man whose advice 
:an alwavs be accepted with safety. Xaturally 
:onser\-ative as well as enterprising, he com- 
)iues caution with progressiveness to an extent 
ivhich makes him a model banker. 



In addition to his banking connections Mr. 
Holthaus has for several years been acting as 
guardian and administrator for relatives and 
members of his own family, his administration 
of the estate being conducted on business prin- 
ciples of a very advantageous character. 

Twenty-four years ago Mr. Holthaus married 
Mi.ss Johanna J. Geisel, daughter of Mr. George 
Geisel, who was a leading furniture manufact- 
urer of this city prior to 1849. They have five 
children living — Louis C, aged twenty-one 
years, who is clerk in the Fourth National 
Bank; Alice, Laura, Dora and Grover Cleveland. 

Merrkll, Jacob Spenckr, son of Jacob and 
Sylvia (Spencer ) Merrell, was born in West- 
moreland, Oneida county. New York, February 
5, 1827. He is descended on both sides from 
English families, his father being a direct de- 
scendant of the Jacob Merrell who came from 
the old country with the original Hartford 
colony. The Spencers were also of English 
extraction, the family having emigrated to 
America in the early colonial days. 

Mr. J. S. Merrell was the only son of a fam- 
ily of some size, and from early boyhood he 
had to work on the farm, his .school attendance 
being confined to the winter months. As a 
child he was eager and active, neglecting no 
opportunit>- and overcoming many of the diffi- 
culties with which he had to contend. He was 
but fifteen years of age when he decided to 
strike out a career for himself, but recognizing 
his father's claims upon him, he, in accordance 
with a code of ethics scarcely understood in the 
West, bought the unexpired term of his appren- 
ticeship, or service, for $150, with $30 additional 
for his clothing. He had saved $<iO in cash, 
which he turned over in part payment; and, 
with nothing but the proverbial bundle and a 
solitary dollar in his pocket, he started out to 
make his fortune. 

After working for some time as a driver on 
the Erie canal at nine dollars a month, he 
resumed farm work, Init later worked his passage 
to Buffalo and thence to Toledo, where, a prom- 
ised position not being forthcoming, he cut 



174 



OLD AND NEW S7\ LOUIS. 



cord-wood for a livelihood. In the following 
spring he went to Lexington, Kentncky, where 
for six months he clerked in a grocer}- store. 
His next work was bnying fnrs in the Kentucky 
mountains, which work he continued until on 
one occasion, when marketing his furs in Cin- 
cinnati, he purchased a small drug mill on 
Western Row and commenced work in the busi- 
ness with which his name was ever afterwards 
connected. 

He was then eighteen years of age, but, with 
an energy which did him credit, he increased 
the capacity of the little mill, employed ten 
hands and manufactured thirty thousand dollars 
worth of goods every year. In 1853 he rightly 
concluded that St. Louis offered him better ad- 
vantages than any other city, and he accordingly 
came here, selling his Cincinnati business and 
establishing himself on St. Charles street, be- 
tween Fifth and Sixth streets. He prospered 
for four years, but in 1S57 his place was burnt 
down, and although his insurance was only four 
thousand dollars, his losses were seven times 
that amount. 

His creditors, recognizing his integrity and 
misfortune, signified their willingness to accept 
a composition, but the young man declined, de- 
claring his intention of paying ever)- one in full, 
a resolution he manfully kept. He speedily got 
his business started again and continued to 
prosper in spite of difficulties and drawbacks. 
In 1875 Mr. Cyrus P. Walbridge, now mayor of 
St. Louis and a son-in-law of Mr. Merrell, be- 
came connected with the business, and he 
relieved Mr. Merrell of a great deal of the ardu- 
ous work connected with it, although that 
gentleman retained sole ownership of the house 
until his death, which occurred in 1885. 

Like most self-made men Mr. Merrell was 
always exceptionally anxious to assist hard- 
working young men who applied to him for 
assistance, and he also sought out a number of 
immigrants and aided them in an unostentatious 
but generous manner. He was for several years 
connected with the First Congregational Church, 
and was for ten years president of its board of 
trustees. Politicallv, he w-as a Whiij and a 



Republican, but was only once persuaded to 
take office. This was in 1881, when he was 
nominated treasurer of St. Louis and elected by 
a large majority. During the war he was a 
persistent Unionist, and did a great deal of work 
of a missionary character in the city. 

On September 20, 1848, Mr. Merrell married 
Miss Kate Jeannette Kellogg, daughter of Dea- 
con Warren Kellogg, of Westmoreland, New 
York. Of his children, Mr. Hubert S. Merrell is 
now vice-president of the Merrell Drug Com- 
pany, and his daughter is the wife of the pres- 
ent mayor of the city. 

vStraub, Augustus W., son of John N. and 
Elizabeth ( Lang) Straub, was born in Alleghany 
City, Pennsylvania, March 30, 1846. He was 
educated in the public schools of his native city, 
and of Pittsburgh, and when eighteen years of 
age he entered the banking house of Mr. Philip 
R.Mertz, of Pittsburgh, in which he was engaged 
at important clerical work for five years. He 
then went to Europe, where he remained for 
about seven months, during which time the 
Franco- Prussian war was raging. 

On returning to America he became interested 
in his father's brewery business at Alleghau)- 
Cit\-, and was a member of the firm of Straub & 
Sons until the year LS72, when he came to vSt. 
Louis. He became a partner here in the brew- 
ery of Julius Winkelmeyer, and for eighteen 
years he continued to do active work in connec- 
tion with this important brewery, whose busi- 
ness increased rapidly, owing to his able and 
never-ceasing work and enterprise. Mr. Straub 
increased the territory supplied from the well- 
known brewer\- in a systematic and very prof- 
itable manner, and it was largely owing to his 
influence and push that the brewery was in a 
measure remodeled and generally fitted up in 
the best possible style. 

During the eighties the Winkelmeyer brew- 
ery came to be regarded as one of the most im- 
portant in the West, and its brand was looked 
upon as a guarantee of the most unimpeachable 
character. When the English syndicate first 
approached the St. Louis breweries with a view 



BIOi.RAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



o purchasinj^ tlie plant and good-will, Mr. 
jtranb, with a majority of the men who have 
nade the name of St. Louis famous in the United 
states, was opposed to the transaction, but was 
inally prevailed upon with his partners to agree 
o a transfer, and the brewery became the Win- 
;elnieyer branch of the St. Louis Brewing Asso- 
;iation, with Mr. Julius Winkelmeyer as its 
iUperintendent. Flattering offers were made to 
ilr. Straub by the association, but he decided to 
erminate for a time his active connection with 
^t. Louis brewing interests, and early in the 
,ear l^SiK) he sailed for Europe, where he re- 
iiained for a period of eighteen months. He 
nade a tour of the principal cities of the Old 
kVorld, combining business with pleasure, and 
particularly .studying the financial methods best 
ipproved and endorsed in London, Paris, Berlin 
md other large financial centers. 

Late in the )ear LSDl Air. Straub returned 
;o St. Louis and devoted his entire attention to 
lis extensive banking and real estate interests 
n this city. As a financier he had already at- 
:ained a very high reputation, which he has 
since increased, particularly by his very able 
nanagement of the affairs of the International 
Bank. In the year ISST this bank, situated at 
l\ North F'nurth street, was in a somewhat uu- 
lealthy condition, transacting little business, 
lud with its credit impaired or at least weak, 
riie directors .selected Mr. August Straub as 
;he best man possible to re-establish it on a firm 
ind reliable basis, and a reorganization was 
effected, with Mr. Straub as president. From 
:hat time forward the bank has rapidh- grown 
in puljlic fa\-or, and it is now looked upon as 
jue of the most substantial financial institutions 
in the West. Mr. Straub has given to it during 
:lie last five years, w-ith the exception of the 
jhort time he spent in Europe, the closest pos- 
sible attention, and he allows no detail in the 
management to escape his notice. His name 
It the head of affairs at once silenced any rumors 
js to the .stability of the in.stitution, and the 
bank now does an exceptionally large business 
;)f a highly profitable and satisfactor^• character. 

Mr. Straub's name is connected with most of 



the movements in St. Louis which have resulted 
in benefit to the city. He is regarded as an ex- 
ceptionally enterprising, though a safely con- 
servative, man, and his career since he com- 
menced work as a bank clerk thirty years ago 
has been an exceedingly creditable one. His 
two trips to Europe have established for him a 
very valuable connection in the Old World, and 
he has correspondents in almost every large 
city. The International does a very large for- 
eign as well as home business, and the presi- 
dent's discretion and knowledge of foreign mat- 
ters and credits is resulting in a steady increase 
in this line of business. Mr. Straub is fre- 
quently consulted on questions involving Euro- 
pean financial affairs, and although essentially 
a busy man, he is courteous and attentive to all 
and has well earned the popularity he now en- 
joys. In addition to this he is the custodian of 
large trust and other funds, and few large enter- 
prises are embarked in without consultation 
with him. 

Mr. Straub married in 1873 Mi.ss Julia L. 
Winkelmeyer, of St. Louis. The family resides 
in a hand.some residence on Blaine and Grand 
avenues. They are well known in the society 
circles of the We.st and South Ivnds. 

Francis, David Rowlaxd, one of the most 
persistent advocates of "standing up for Mis- 
souri," is about forty-four years of age and is a 
native of Kentucky. He was born in Rich- 
mond, Aladison county, October 1, lcS.")(), both 
of his parents having lived the whole of their 
lives in the same county. The Francis family 
claimed Scotch, Irish and also Welsh blood, 
and some of their ancestors were very promi- 
nent, both in their nati\e countries and in Amer- 
ica. Mr.Francis received a preliminary education 
in the schools near his home, and when he was 
about sixteen years of age he came to St. Louis 
and entered the Washington University. He 
studied there about four years, graduating in 
the class of 1870 with the degree of B.A. 

On leaving college he entered the commis- 
sion house of vShryock i<: Rowland, of this 
citv, and continued in their employ until April 



17(i 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



;$(), 1X77, when the firm went out of existence, 
being dissoh-ed by nuitual consent. On the 
following day Mr. Francis opened a grain com- 
mission business on his own account, and from 
the first tliis enterprise was uniquely prosper- 
ous. Possessed of an exceptionally keen in- 
tellect and an ability to read the signs of the 
times promptly, he made some most success- 
ful investments, and very soon began to be 
looked upon as not only among the wealthy 
men of the city, but also as one of the lead- 
ers of the Merchants' Exchange. 

In 1880 Mr. Sidney R. Francis, a younger 
brother, became more intimately associated in 
the business, and in June, 1884, the D. R. Fran- 
cis & Brother Commission Company was incor- 
porated, with Mr. D. R. Francis as president. 
The success of the corporation continued to 
excite admiration, and the confidence reposed 
in it is the natural outcome of the high stand- 
ing of the officers, who include, with the origi- 
nal founder, Mr. W. G. Boyd, now president 
of the Merchants' Exchange; Mr. Thomas H. 
Francis, and Mr. W. P. Kennett, Mr. S. R. 
Francis having died in December, 18!»;'>. The 
operations of the house extend over the entire 
country, and immense quantities of wheat, corn, 
oats, barley, cotton, provisions and pork are 
handled. A large business is also done in fut- 
ures, in addition to an immense export trade 
which requires the maintenance of a branch 
house at New Orleans as well as the commodi- 
ous offices in the Gay Central Building, at the 
corner of Third and Pine streets. 

Although Mr. Francis, or Goxernor Francis, 
as lie is now called, has made a fortune out of 
the grain business, it is rather as a common- 
sense politician that he will be best known to 
posterit}-. In 1888 he was made vice-president 
of the Merchants' Exchange, and in the follow- 
ing year he became president of the institution. 
While holding the presidency he was elected a 
delegate at large from Missouri to the Demo- 
cratic National Convention, and his voice was 
heard in able advocacy of Cleveland and Hen- 
dricks at Chicago. In March, 18.S.'), there oc- 
curred one of the most remarkable contests in 



St. Louis history for the Democratic nomination 
for the mayoralt)', and after 184 ballots had 
been taken without any result, an inspiration 
seized the convention, Mr. Francis was run as a 
dark horse and nominated on the one hundred 
and eighty-fifth ballot. 

His opponent on the Republican ticket had 
been elected four years before by a majority of 
14,()(H), and his re-election was regarded as a 
certaint\'. But Mr. F'rancis introduced the 
young men into politics, and after a most inter- 
esting contest, which was fought out until the 
last moment the polls were open, the }outhful 
element triumphed and ]\Ir. Francis was de- 
clared elected by a majority of 1,400. 

In the chapter on Municipal Developments in 
the historical section of this work, some record 
is given of the remarkable success which Mayor 
Francis commanded as well as deserved during 
his administration, and it is unnecessary to 
repeat the achievements here. His veto of the 
Electric Elevated bill, on account of an inade- 
quate compensation of the city being provided 
for, was an act of firmness which was criticised 
at the time by some few who were interested in 
the passage of the bill, l)Ut which was generalh' 
approved by thinking tax-payers, and which 
established a precedent worth many thousand 
dollars a year to the cit)'. He also succeeded in 
reducing the average municipal debt interest from 
seven and six per cent to four per cent, and even 
less. He also succeeded in securing payment In- 
the Missouri Pacific Railroad of a judgment in 
favor of the city amounting to nearly $1,000,000. 

A warm personal friendship having sprung up 
between Mayor F^rancis and President Cleveland, 
the latter was prevailed upon in 1887 to visit St. 
Louis during the festivities. He was the guest 
of Mayor Francis in the elegant mansion which 
that gentleman then occupied on \'andeventer 
place, and there was an excellent display of just 
that kind of hospitality which would be expected 
from a man who was born in Kentucky and 
raised in Missouri. Several other very interest- 
ing social events marked ^Ir. Francis mayoralt>-, 
and although vSt. Louis was proud of his selec- 
tion by the Democrats in August, 1888, as their 



/;/( U.K. u'j//t ■. //. . i/'/'/-:.vf)/.\: 



177 



:aii(liclate for the ])osition as <;'ovenior, it was 
not without a feeliii<j of regret that a man of 
juch sterling ability and loyalty was allowed to 
'esign his oflice on January 1, ISSU, and pro- 
.•eed to Jefferson Cit>-. 

Missouri has had a long line of excellent go\- 
M'uors, but Mr. Francis introduced at the Ca])itol 
I policy of activity- and energy which was a 
listinct advance on anything seen there before. 
tlis messages to the Legislature were invariably 
o the point and of the greatest possible value 
the State. In other ways he showed his 
ibility , both as an administrator and peace-maker, 
md he has always been prepared to sink his 
personal aims for the benefit of his vState. ( )n 
■very occasion he was prepared to "stand up 
or Missouri," and his words in season were 
lumerous in the extreme. 

When the Legislature appropriated $ 1 .")(), (lOO 
o enable the State to make a fitting representa- 
ion at the World's Fair, it became the duty of 
he Ciovernor to ai)point a commission for the 
state. The task was not an easy one, but as 
isual Governor Francis performed it well, select- 
ng able representatives of the State's two great 
;ities, as well as of its live stock, agricultural, 
lorticultural, lumber, mining, and other numer- 
)us interests. Not content with doing this, he 
ittended a large number of the board meetings 
limself, and accompanied several of the special 
rommittees on their tours through the State in 
.earch of exhibits and support. 

At the expiration of his term of ofhce, Gov- 
ernor Francis resumed his permanent abode in 
^t. Louis, heartily welcomed by thousands of 
riends in every walk of life; for, as president 
)f the Merchants' Exchange, mayor and gov- 
ernor, he has alwa}-s been a thorough Democrat 
n habits as well as profession, and it is very 
;eldom that a deaf ear has been turned by him 

a tale of w'oe, even when told by a vigorous 
)olitical opponent. It is a matter of general 
)olitical belief that ]Mr. Francis could have been 

1 member of the present cabinet, had he so 
lesired. I)Ut he preferred to remain in St. Lmiis, 
villi whose ])rosperit\- he is so intinialcK- con- 
lecled; and the recent death of his brother, .Mr. 



vSidne\- R. F'rancis, has made him devote more 
time to his actual business interests. It is the 
desire of an immense majority of the Democrats 
of the State, and of no inconsiderable number of 
Republicans, as well, that Governor Francis may 
at an early date represent the State in the 
vSenate; I)ut the Cxovernor is non-committal on 
the subject. 

Governor Francis was married in the year 
1X7(3 to Miss Jennie Perry, daughter of Mr. 
John D. Perry, president of the Standard Stamp- 
ing Company and vice-president of tlie Missis- 
sippi Valley Trust Company and of Laclede 
National Bank. He has six children, all bovs. 

Thompson, Wili.i.vm H. — One of the suc- 
cessful bankers, most progressive and public- 
spirited citizens of St. Louis, and a man who 
occupies his present high position solely bv 
force of his own merits and efforts, is William 
H. Thompson, president of the Bank of Com- 
merce, who was born in Httntington, Penn- 
sylvania, October KJ, ISHO. He received his 
education in the public school of his native 
town, and after the completion of his education 
entered a store, where he clerked for about two 
years and then left his yard-stick to go to Phila- 
delphia to .seek his fortune. 

After considerable searching he secured a 
place as assistant in a plumber's shop, and as he 
liked the work he set about learning the busi- 
ness. When this was accomplished he spent 
several years working at his trade in various 
cities and towns of Pennsylvania, until l-SfjH, 
when, having heard of the great opportunities 
offered by the West to a young man of push, he 
came to St. Louis, where he soon obtained 
employment in his line, and as plumbing work 
at that time was very profitable, in the same 
year that he came to the city he was enabled 
to establish himself in business alone. He 
conducted his business very successfully for 
eleven years, at the end of which time he had 
made enough capital to establish a factory for 
the nianufaclure of lead pi])e and sheet lead, 
wliieli was also conducted with no less success 
than his old business. 



ITS 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Ill 1.S71 lie organized and established the 
plant of the ^Missouri Lead & Oil Company, of 
which he was elected president, holding the 
office until 1.S.S4, when the pressure of other 
duties caused him to resign the place. 

One reason for his withdrawal was his election 
to the presidency of the Bank of Commerce, a 
position to which he was chosen in 188;5. lyong 
before this he had drawn attention to himself 
for the steady way in which he had spread his 
business and increased his capital, and the 
marked ability he had shown, as a financier and 
man of business, and that the bank directors 
made no mistake when they made him president 
is shown in a marked manner by the i:)rosperity 
of the bank since 1883. It has been brought to 
a splendid financial condition, which is admit- 
ted to be due largely to the wise management 
of President Thompson. 

It is not only in the bank that his fine busi- 
ness talent has been applied; he is also vice- 
president of the Laclede Building Association, 
is treasurer of the Odd Fellows' Hall Company, 
and was for a number of years president of the 
St. Louis Ckas Company, and later acted in the 
same capacity for the St. Louis Gas Trust. 
The city does not hold within its borders a man 
of greater public spirit or one more devoted to 
her welfare. As one of the most active organ- 
izers of the Commonwealth Realty Company he 
did and is yet doing a work of great value to 
St. Louis. It will be remembered that this 
company was organized for the purpose of 
building the New Planters, the two million 
dollar hotel now in course of erection, and it 
was at first desired that this hotel should be 
erected by capital outside of St. Louis, a bonus 
being offered as an encouragement, but it appear- 
ing difficult to secure prompt action on this 
plan, Mr. Thompson urged that a company be 
formed and the scheme pushed through. 

Such action was taken, and the Common- 
wealth Realty Company, of which ^Ir. Thomp- 
son was elected president, was the result. He 
was one of the promoters and organizers of the 
Fall Festivities Association, and is a valuable 
member of both the executive and hotel com- 



mittees. To all enterprises having in view the 
improvement of the city he gives a zealous 
support, and has always been the first to suIj- 
scribe liberally to all movements designed to 
improve the cit>- or increase its commercial im- 
portance. 

As an employer, he is both loved and respected 
and is extremely popular with the eniplo\-es of 
the bank, always being ready to accord credit 
where it is due and to give promotion when it 
is earned. As a man, Mr. Thompson is kindly 
and genial and of striking appearance. He is a 
gentleman of strong natural mental equipments, 
is a good speaker, is a close observer and has 
profited to the utmost by the lessons learned in 
the school of life and experience. 

Fkkiu'.sox, David K., president of the ;\Ie- 
chanics" Bank, uf St. Louis, has been a resident 
of this city about fifty-five years, and has been 
connected with some of its most important 
manufacturing interests. He has been exccj)- 
tionally active in the iron industry, and is one 
of the men who have helped to make St. Louis 
one of the most prominent agricultural machin- 
ery centers of the New World. Always to the 
front in matters of special importance to the 
cit>- and the West, he has succeeded in a re- 
markable manner, and for fully forty years he 
has been looked upon as one of the leading rep- 
resentative men of a city which has been 
uniquely fortunate in her sons and her leaders. 

Mr. PViguson was born in Pittsburgh, Penn- 
sylvania, in March, 1S:>7. He received a com- 
mon school education in his native town, and 
when thirteen years of age he came west and 
secured employment in the Broadway foundr\ , 
of which Messrs. Kingsland, Lightner & Com- 
pany were the proprietors, and which was then 
not only one of the leading manufacturing 
establishments of St. Louis, but one of the 
most important iron foundries in the West. 

He learned very rapidly, and after four or five 
years he had acquired so thorough an insight 
into the foundry business that he felt able to 
commence operations on his own account; and 
in connection with Messrs. George, Leroy and 




i? 




yy^^. 



niOGRAPIIICAL APPENDIX. 



Pliilip Kiiiij;slan(l, he established the partner- 
ship firm of Kiu,t;skind ^: Ferguson. Suital)le 
premises were secured at the corner of Cherry 
and Second streets, where an iron foundry busi- 
ness of large proportions was established. The 
members of the firm were all enterprising and 
competent, and it was not long before connec- 
tions were established in all the leading centers 
of the West and vSouth. (ireat success followed 
the enterprise of the firm, of which the elder 
members withdrew later on, resulting in the 
incorj^oration of the business under the name of 
the Kingsland & Ferguson Manufacturing Com- 
pany. The quarters at Cherry and Second 
streets were soon outgrown, and an entire block 
was secured on Eleventh and MuUanphy streets. 
In l.SST Mr. Ferguson retired and the corporate 
name was changed to the Kingsland & Douglas 
Manufacturing Companj-. 

While thus occupied in the manufacture of 
agricultural machinery, Mr. Ferguson was also 
an active worker in connection with the Vulcan 
Steel Works, of which he was president at the 
time of its absoi'ption by the St. Louis Ore & 
Steel Company. This brought him into close 
contact with the Garrison Brothers, and a warm 
friendship sprang up between them. At that 
time Mr. 01i\'er Garrison was president of tlie 
IMechanics' Bank, and Mr. Ferguson invested 
largely in the stock. On the retirement of Mr. 
Garrison he was elected to succeed him in the 
presidential chair. 

Mr. Ferguson became responsible for the gen- 
eral policy of the bank in IHTSI, and during the 
last fifteen years he has been faithful to his trust, 
regarding every detail in the bank's career just 
as he did every apparently trifling incident 
which transpired in his large manufacturing 
business during his thirty-five years of connec- 
tion with it. 

\\'hen quite young Mr. Ferguson married 
Miss Carrie Sherer, at Harri.sburg, Pennsylvania. 
Miss Sherer was a daughter of Mr. Samuel B. 
Sherer, now of St. Louis, but who at that time 
resided at Harrisburg. The union has been an 
exceptional 1\' hap]-)\- one, and has resulted in 
the birth of three daughters, Miss Carrie, Mamie 



(now Mrs. A. C. Fowl 
Mrs. Thomas K. Collins 
Louis. 



"), and vSarah (now 
all residents of St. 



Mkvkr, C. Frkdkrick C;., is the founder of 
one of tfie largest drug houses in the United 
States, now known by the name of Me^er 
Brothers Drug Company, of which he is the 
president. Mr. Meyer was born December H, 
l!S;>(), in the northern part of Germany, some 
fifty miles south of the city of Bremen, his 
parents being engaged in agriculture and stock 
raising. He received a common school educa- 
tion up to his fourteenth year, when he was 
confirmed in the Evangelical Lutheran Church. 
His father died when he was only three years of 
age, and his mother when he was about sixteen. 

In bS-t7, then a lad in his seventeenth \-ear, 
he, with his brother William, emigrated to the 
United States. They took a sailing vessel at 
Bremerhaven for New Orleans, where, after 
about seven weeks" voyage, they arrived on the 
17th of November of said year; at New Orleans 
the\' took a boat for Cincinnati, and at Cincin- 
nati the)- took a canal boat for Ft. Wayne, 
Indiana. 

This being at the commencement of the win- 
ter season, cold weather set in and the boat had 
to lay up on account of ice in the canal; this 
comjDelled them to continue the journey afoot. 
The roads at that time were very bad; deep 
nnid and a layer of snow made the jonrne>- a 
difficult one, but after two days of hard travel 
they came within about eighteen miles of Ft. 
Wayne, where they had a sister living, which 
was the object of their destination. Here they 
arrived on the -Ith of December, 1x47. 

Mr. Meyer remained on the farm with his 
sister until the 14th of February, 1.S4.S, when 
his brother-in-law took him to Ft. Wayne in a 
wagon. He soon found a place where he could 
make himself useful in the hou.sehold of a Mr. 
Hill, he having the privilege of attending 
school, which he did about ten weeks, when 
his teacher took sick. 

\'()ung Mever, having no means to fall back 
on, saw the necessity of earning something; he 



ISO 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



was directed to a drug store owned Ijy ]\Ir. H. IS. 
Reed, and here he found employment. He went 
back to the house of Mr. Hill and told ?*Irs. Hill 
that he had found a place to earn a livino;, this 
privilege having been left to him when he com- 
menced. At first young Meyer had fo do all 
kinds of porter work, but expressing a desire to 
advance, Mr. Reed gave him an opportunity to 
be apprentice; and when in lS4;i the cholera 
visited this country, Ft. Wayne was not 
excepted, when Frederick had to do all the pre- 
scription business. In ls.'i2, when he had saved 
about $500, he, in partnership with a Mr. Wall, 
started a drug store at the same place, the style 
of the firm being Wall & Meyer. The young 
men were quite successful in business, and in 
1S.")7, after having been established five years, 
^Ir. ?kleyer bought out his partner, Mr. Wall, 
paving him some ?li',00(.) for his share of the 
interest. He then took in partnership his 
brother William, the same one with whom he 
came to this country. These two brothers were 
quite prosperous in their business, and the sub- 
ject of this sketch being very ambitious, he 
looked for a larger field to utilize his business 
cai)acit\-. 

In 1865 Mr. Meyer came on to St. Louis and 
established the house of Meyer Brothers & Com- 
pany as a branch of the Indiana establishment. 
The business grew as if by magic, fresh fields 
being entered e\-ery month and the business 
gradually becoming one of the finest wholesale 
drug establishments in America. In FSlii! a New 
York ofhce was started, and in bS7!l an impor- 
tant branch was inaugurated at Kansas City, 
this being followed by another large branch at 
Dallas, Texas, in 1887. 

In January, 1889, the Richardson Drug Com- 
pany was burned out, and Mr. Meyer at once 
seeing an opportunity to consolidate two of the 
largest drug businesses inthe world, made an offer 
to the Richardson Drug Company, purchased 
its house and interests and proceeded to incor- 
porate the Meyer Brothers Drug Company, with 
Mr. C. F. G. Meyer as president, and with a 
capital stock of -^1,750,000. 

The comnanv at once rebuilt on the site of 



the Richardson drug house the largest and best 
equipped drug establishment in the world, an 
institution which w'as regarded as one of the 
most remarkable evidences in existence of west- 
ern manufacturing and commercial supremacy. 
Over three hundred persons are employed in the 
building, and more than a hundred traveling 
salesmen are kept constantly at work introduc- 
ing and .selling the firm's specialties. 

This gigantic institution, whose annual sales 
exceed fi\-e million dollars, is the result of the 
energy and integrit\- of its founder. Years ago 
Mr. ]\Ieyer traveled in the interest of his own 
house, when the journeys had to be made on 
horseback, under very exhausting and trying 
conditions. He persisted in personally conduct- 
ing the business in spite of the advice of his 
jdiysician and friends, and at about the time 
when the compaiu- was incorporated tired nature 
gave out and he was found one night uncon- 
scious from o\erwork. His condition was a 
critical one, but a long trip through Europe 
with visits to the scenes of his childhood resulted 
in complete restoration of health, and Mr. ^Ie\er 
returned to this city. 

His life has been one long examj^le to the 
young in every respect. His success in business 
has already been recorded, and it only remains 
to be added that in private life he has shown the 
same admirable qualities. A careful reader, Mr. 
Meyer has studied social problems of e\er\- 
character and has familiarized himself with the 
history and present condition of the different 
European countries. He is also quite literar\' 
in his tastes, and established a successful German 
newspaper at Ft. Wayne. There are now 
several druggists' trade journals, but the first 
of these was established by the subject of this 
sketch, who edited the very useful monthly him- 
self for several years, but owing to pressure of 
other duties finally relinquished the editorial 
chair to Dr. Whelpley. 

In politics Mr. Meyer was formerly a Whig, 
ami he has been connected with the Republican 
party since its organization. He is, however, 
too large-hearted a man to be a partisan poli- 
tician, and he regards impending legislation 



/;/( MiRAi'HiCAL APri-ixnix. 



LSI 



from a ]ilatfonn of sound justice aud coniniou 
sense. 

Mr. Me\er lias raised a lari^je family, seven 
sons and two daughters, four of his sons being 
connected with the house, and one at Ft. Wayne. 
In his domestic relations he is very happy, ha\- 
ing a most amiable wife and an excellent 
mother for his children. 

In his religions views he is a Lutheran. His 
habits aud character without a blemish. 

TuRXER, John W. — An epoch in the prog- 
ress of modern .St. Louis was marked when 
General John W. Turner, laying aside the 
sword and uniform of the soldier, put on civil- 
ian dress and identified himself with the busi- 
ness interests of the city. The handiwork of 
one man seldom appears so plainly in the im- 
provement of a city as does his in the growth of 
St. Louis, and no biographer, knowing the part 
he has taken in the de\-elopuient of the city, 
could conscientioush- write of it without express- 
ing at the very outset something of the grati- 
tude and regard its people feel for him. 

The war character of John Wesley Turner 
was moulded in the West, although he was 
born near Saratoga, New York, July 1?^, 1833. 
His father, John B. Turner, was a contractor 
engaged in railway aud canal building in the 
East. His mother was Miss Martha \'oluntine 
before her marriage. The boy was educated in 
a i^rivate school until he was ten years old, and 
the family moved to Chicago in 1X43, where he 
continued his studies in a private school eight 
years longer. At eighteen, desiring a military 
career, he was sent to W^est Point, and four 
years later, standing eighth in his class, he was 
graduated and promoted to brevet second lieu- 
tenant of artillery. This brevet was dated July 
1, lHo5. From that day until September 1, 
I'Stiti, eleven years and two months, he lived in 
the field and the fort, helping to make the his- 
tory of his country. His brevets during this 
time show the excellence of his military ser\- 
ice. He got his bre\et of major September li, 
18(;;'., for gallautrx' at the siege of Fort Wagner. 

Less than a vear after that, he was brevetted 



lieutenant-colonel, on July 30, 18114, for con- 
spicuous bravery in the battle that followed the 
explosion of the mine at Petersburg, Virginia. 
October 1, 18()4, he was again signaled out for 
bre\et to the rank of major-general United 
States \'o]uuteers, "for gallant and meritorious 
service in the campaign of 1>>()4 on se\-eral 
occasions before the enemy." March 13, 18()."), 
he was lionored by three more bre\ets. One 
was to the rank of colonel, " for gallantry and 
meritorious service at the capture of Fort Gregg, 
\'irginia.'" 

Another made him a brigadier-general, " for 
faithful aud meritorious ser\ices during the 
rebellion." The third raised him to the 
rank of a major-general United States arm\-, 
" for gallant and meiitorious services in the 
field during the rebellion." These were some 
of the rewards. Now, see what the deeds were. 
On leaving West Point, the young lieutenant 
was sent on frontier duty to Fort Dallas, Oregon, 
and was ordered from there to fight the Seminole 
Indians in Florida, receiving his commission 
about the same time. For three years he was 
engaged in that warfare, with intervals of garri- 
son duty at Key West and in Barrancas Bar- 
rades. The service in Barrades was irksome 
and unwholesome, the campaigning in the 
Florida- swamps perilous aud with little chance 
for distinction, but the discipline was salutary 
and made of the \-oung officer the soldier he 
afterwards pro\-ed to be. 

When the Florida hostilities ceased, and 
Lieutenant Turner was ordered to Fort Adams, 
Rhode Island, he was ready for any duty that 
might fall in his way, and equipped with the 
skill to acquit himself of it with credit. At the 
beginning of the civil war, when tweut\-eight 
years old, he was a first lieutenant of the First 
Artillery, aud was in the artillery school there. 
He was made chief of commissariat of the army 
in Western Missouri, then of the Department of 
Kansas, then of the Department of the South, 
and of the Dcpartnrent of the Gulf, and till 
November, l.S(i3, he was ordered about rapidl\' 
over the vast field of the several ca;npaigns. In 
that time he was in several important engage- 



1S2 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOCIS. 



inents. He was in command of a breachino; 
battery at the reduction of Fort Pnlaski, and 
commanded artillery at the siege of Fort Wag- 
ner, as well as during the operations against 
F'ort Sumpter. 

In the fall of 18(io he was in command of a 
division of the Tenth Corps, Army of the James, 
as brigadier-general, and went through the 
Richmond campaign of l.S(U, fighting before 
Bermuda Hundred, at Drury's Bluff and at the 
siege of Petersburg. During the latter part of 
18(i4 and the following January he was chief of 
staff of the Department of North Carolina and 
Virginia, and subsequently of the Army of the 
James. Commanding an independent division, 
Major-General Turner participated in the capt- 
ure of Petersburg, April 2, 18(55, and the pur- 
suit of the rel)el army, which ended in the sur- 
render of L,ee at Appomattox Court House, 
April 9, 18()5. In 186(5 General Turner was 
ordered to St. Louis and made purchasing agent 
and dei:)ot commissary, having been mustered 
out of the volunteer service September 1st, of 
that year. He resigned from the army in l'S71. 

The citizens of Richmond, Virginia, of which 
capital Creneral Turner was in command after 
its fall, remembered his military rule with the 
liveliest feelings of respect. He found chaos 
reigning when he took charge. The city was 
in ruins. Half of its houses had been burned 
or demolished by shells. There was no gas, 
no water, no police, and pillage was unre- 
strained. The General took matters with a 
firm hand. He organized a police force from 
the ranks of his own soldiers, giving these 
patrolmnn fifty cents a day over their pay; he 
started tip the gas works again, putting in his 
own men to manage them, and established a 
court and a local government. 

Under his administration the city's affairs 
were managed as they were in no other captive 
town in the South during that troubled time. 
Crime was prevented and criminals punished. 
The sentences were so just that not a single one 
of the men sent to prison during that time were 
rescued by a habeas corpus appeal. All of them 
served their sentences. His control of the citv 



was a military rule, necessarily rigid, but with 
not a single feature of the despotism which in 
so many other parts of the South increased the 
rancor felt by the vanquished people towards 
their conquerer. Perha^js this is why Richmond 
before any other southern city first recuperated 
from the effects of the war. 

General Turner went into active business life 
as soon as he left the army. He became jn'esi- 
dent of the Bogy Lead ^Mining Company, and 
was devoting most of his time to its affairs, 
when in 1877 Ma^'or Henry Overstolz asked him 
if he would accept the office of street commis- 
sioner. At that time the streets of St. Louis 
were an appalling spectacle, half of them mac- 
adam and the rest mud. He took the office 
with the single purpose of gi\-ingthe cit\- a sys- 
tem of good streets. He held his office for 
eleven years and carried out his intention. His 
plan of street construction was fought bitterl\- 
at first, on account of the cost it entailed on 
tax-pa3-ers, and during the first year of his ad- 
ministration the air of the City Hall rang with 
remonstrances and threats of political \-engeance. 
A weaker man than General Turner would have 
abandoned the scheme entire)}-, but he was not 
made of that stuff. Supported by a board of 
public improvements whose members had the 
fullest confidence in his integrity and entire re- 
liance on his judgment, he marked off street 
after street for reconstruction and pushed the 
bills through the Assembly by sheer force of an 
indomitable will and untiring persistence. 

Street railways -extended their lines as the 
streets were improved, adopting cable and elec- 
tricity instead of horses, and helping the city to 
spread out; great edifices began to go up on the 
reconstructed streets, and travelers talked of the 
pavements of St. Louis. In 1<S,S,S, having been 
kept in office by one ma\or after another, and 
each succeeding Council, he had not only built 
the Grand avenue bridge, and changed fift\ 
miles of streets from dirt to solid granite and 
smooth asphalt and wood, but had worked a 
complete revolution in the public opinion of 
him and its ideas, and had made stout support- 
ers and the warmest admirers of the \erv men 




i 



I 





y/ 



BI( H-.RArillCAL APPENDIX. 



183 



will) had at first \-i()leiitl>- aiita.^onized his im- 
provement phiiis. Then he felt that he conld 
allow the work to be carried on by other hands; 
he resigned in the middle of his last term, and 
:U once actively re-entered business life. 

He is now the president and manager of the 
St. Joseph Gas Works, a director of the Wig- 
s^ins Ferry Company, a director of the American 
Exchange Bank, a director of the Ice and Cold 
Storage Company, which operates in St. Louis 
and East St. Louis. He is a director of the 
St. Louis Mechanical and Agricultural Com- 
pany, a comrade of Ransom Post, ('.rand 
Army of the Republic, and a member of the 
I^o\al Legion, composed of officers of the army. 

General Turner's domestic life has been an 
Ideal one. He married in September, I'Silli^ 
Vliss Blanche Soulard, of St. Louis, a represent- 
itive of one of the oldest French families in the 
:ity. Her grandfather was General Cerre, who 
tfvas surveyor-general under the French govern- 
nent when Missouri was a part of the Territory 
jf Louisiana. The couple have .seven children, 
uid li\-e on Garrison avenue. 

CtIb.sox, Sir Chari.k.s, was born in Mont- 
2;omery count)-, \'irginia, in the year 182.'). His 
ather, Captain Hugh Gibson, was a member of 
)ne of the oldest and best famiHes of Southwest 
^'irginia. His mother was formerly Miss Eliz- 
ibeth B. Rutledge, also of distinguished descent, 
jeing a member of the well-known South Caro- 
ina Rtitledge family. When the boy, who has 
since grown into such splendid manhood, was 
ibout eleven years of age, his father located in 
iVestern Missouri. At that time there were 
.•ery poor educational facilities in that portion 
A the State, but Charles was not of a disposi- 
:ion to be discouraged by trifles. He studied 
nost eaniestly and final!}- became a student at 
Missouri University, supplenrenting his train- 
ng with prolonged reading in modern languages 
ind in scientific works, until he became, in spite 
)f the drawbacks against which he had to con- 
end, one of the best informed men of the da\-. 
riiis reputation he has maintained through life, 
uid now, at the age of sixt\--niue \-ears, he is 



regarded as an authority on national and inter- 
national law and many other difficult and 
abstract matters. 

In 1843 young Mr. Gib.son came to St. Louis 
and for some years studied law under the Honor- 
able Edward Bates and also with Mr. Josiah 
Spaulding. A year later he made his political 
debut, and it is interesting to record that it is 
ju.st half a century ago that he made those able 
speeches in behalf of Henr\- Clay which won so 
many votes for that gentleman. Four years 
later he took the field on behalf of General 
Taylor, and in 1852 he was an elector-at-large 
for the State of Missouri on the Whig ticket. 

In llS5(i Mr. Gibson became known as "an 
old line Whig," on account of his adherence to 
the principles for which he had fought. It was 
mainly at his suggestion and through his efforts 
that the name of his friend and preceptor, 
Honorable Edward Bates, was brought forward 
in 18(50 as a candidate for the Presidency. 
When the war broke out Mr. Gibson, without 
hesitation, ad\-ocated the cause of the Union, 
coalescing with such men as Hamilton R. Gam- 
ble, Frank P. Blair and B. Gratz Brown. 

When the Legislature of Missouri in January, 
18(il, called the State convention in the interest 
of secession, Mr. Gibson issued a call to the 
Union men of St. Louis, writing a most able 
address, which was converted into a call for a 
mass-meeting. 

At the meeting, a committee of twenty-five 
well-known citizens, with Mr. Gibson as chair- 
man, was appointed to select a Union ticket, 
and it is a matter of history that the vigorous 
action of the St. Louis delegates resulted in 
saving the State from the disastrous effects of 
secession. As a leader of the Union party in St. 
Louis, Mr. Gibson made a series of most powerful 
speeches, and it is admitted that no man in the 
State did more to save Missouri to the Ihiion 
than he. Although averse to accepting public 
ofiice at the time, Mr. Gibson was called upon 
as a matter of patriotic duty to accept the office 
of solicitor of the Cou;t of Claims, and became 
agent for the State go\ernment of ^Missouri at 
Washington during the war. Greatlv to his 



1S4 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOCIS. 



credit he established a precedent which, unfort- 
unately, has not been freely followed, for he 
declined accepting a single dollar for his four 
years' arduous work at the national capital. 

In the spring of 18(3l a grave emergency 
arose. There were 23,000 rifles in the St. Louis 
Arsenal, and there was great danger of those 
weapons being secured by the Confederate 
troops. Such men as Gibson, L\-on and Blair 
were mainly instrumental in preserving these 
engines of death for the Union forces, and 
General Sherman and others have spoken 
repeatedly of the service thus rendered, not only 
to the State, but also the Union. Mr. Gibson's 
letter of April 22, 18(il, addressed to the Honor- 
able Edward Bates, is preserved as a national 
document, and will keep Mr. Gibson's name 
before the people of the countr\- for generations 
to come. vSo important was the action taken 
l)y Mr. Ciibson that on one occasion, in regard 
to these rifles, he found it necessary to oppose 
the wishes of Secretary Cameron, and President 
Lincoln on inquiry supported the .St. Louis 
representative and thus prevented the loss which 
appeared imminent. 

At the convention of ISlU, at Baltimore, Mr. 
Gibson resigned his office and supported ( icneral 
McClellan for the Presidency. In 18(i8 he sup- 
ported President Johnson in his contest in Con- 
gress, and in 1870 he joined forces with the 
movement in Missouri which resulted in the 
election of Governor Brown and prepared the 
way for the repeal of the Drake Constitution. 
In 1872 he supported Horace CTreelc}-, and four 
years later took the field on behalf of Gov- 
ernor Tilden. During the lengthy contest 
which followed the election, he represented the 
Democratic National Committee in Louisiana 
and Florida, in the interest of a fair count. His 
course of action in Florida was highly com- 
mended by members of all parties, and the 
speech delivered by him at Hillsboro, Indiana, 
on October 7, 18S(), may be regarded as one of 
the most eloquent addresses on the celebrated 
election difficulties ever delivered. In the course 
of this speech he said: 

"In this way the canvass was delayed until the 



night of December .')th. By act of Congress the 
\(.)te had to be given next day. .\t dusk a large 
force of United States regulars were marched up 
and surrounded the State House, built their 
camp-fires and bivouacked for the night. I have 
seen many gteat and gloomy sights, but nothing 
I ever saw made so profound an impression on 
me as the glare of those camp-fires around the 
Capitol. I knew that citizens had ridden through 
swamps and rain, in some instances forty-five 
miles, to deposit their ballots in those boxes. 
I knew those boxes contained treasures more 
valuable to the people of the United States than 
all the gold of California, more precious than all 
the crowned jewels of Europe, and I knew that 
those two canvassers — worse than burglars, and 
safe in the midst of the troops — would 
rob the people of Florida of their liberties and 
all the people of the United .States of their 
rights. The dark deed, the darkest and foulest 
in the annals of .\merican history, was done at 
nridnight. McLin and Cowgill, in their answer 
to the subsequent case in the Supreme Court, 
confessed that the canvass was completed and 
ended in the early morning. At the hour of 
l:;)<lof December!), l<S7(i, the certificates were 
made out and given to the electors — who cast 
and sealed up their vote and delivered them 
before breakfast-time to one of their number, a 
colored felon, named Pierce, whom Stearns him- 
self had pardoned out of penitentiary, and they 
were carried by this fit representative of the 
carpet-bag government of Florida to Washing- 
ton. McLin afterwards became dissatisfied with 
his part of the stolen offices, confessed the 
fraud in writing, and died." 

In 1880 Mr. Gibson worked for General Han- 
cock, an old personal friend, and in 1884 he did 
\eoman service for Grover Cle\'eland in the 
vState of Indiana. 

vSo much for the political career of a man who 
has been identified with almost all the impor- 
tant national elections of the last half century. 
As a lawyer, his history has been equally eventful. 
In 1849 he was junior counsel for the defense in 
the celebrated Cit}- Hotel murder case, and in 
I'S.') 1 he was sole counsel in a most important case 




■n-i^ 



BIOl.R. IPHICAL APPENDIX. 



irouoht b}- the Kino; of Prussia, from whom he 
■eceived two magnificeiit vases of exceptional 
leight and vahie. On December Iti, 1.SH2, Mr. 
riibson was made Commander of Knights in 
\nstria, by the Emperor, who decorated him 
A'ith his own Order of Francis Joseph, and, 
rontrary to precedent, issued an edict that the 
iecoration should descend as an heirloom. In 
1882, Emperor William decorated Mr. (libson 
,vith the Commander's Cross of the Royal Prus- 
sian Crown Order, and in 1890 he was deco- 
rated with the Orand Cross. 

In the last named year Sir Charles Gibson, as 
lis title then was and now is, visited Europe 
vhere he and Lady Gibson were feted by Count 
/on Munster, Prince Bismarck and other diplo- 
natic and royal personages. Notwithstanding 
lis foreign decoration and international reputa- 
ion, Sir Charles Gibson may be spoken of as 
)ne of the best reformers in St. Louis. P'or 
wenty-five years he was commissioner of 
l,afayette Park, and he is the author of the acts 
)f the Legislature which resulted in the estab- 
ishment of Forest Park. He also drafted the 
ict establishing the Land Court in St. Louis, 
ind among his other prominent services for the 
:ity may be mentioned the prominent part he 
ook in the arrangements for the rebuilding of 
he Southern Hotel. 

Mr. Gibson married in bS.")! Miss Virginia 
kimbk", daughter of Archibald Gamble, one of 
he best-known old St. Louisans. He has had 
Mght children, of whom the oldest died after 
graduating at West Point and entering the 
United States army. The other children are 
ill living. Sir Charles Gibson is strictly a man 
)f the ]:ieoplc, and is often spoken of as a typical 
lid X'irgiuian. He has amassed a considerable 
orlune in the course of his career, but has main- 
ained a reputation for honesty and uprightness 
second to that of no man in the country. 

G.-\r.s.s, Ch.\ki,i-:.s F., son of Charles W. and 
Louisa ( Fallenstein ) Gauss, was born in St. 
Charles county, Missouri, May ;^0, 18;5,S. Mr. 
L^harles W. Gauss was a native of German\-, and 
liad emigrated to America in 18;}7. Charles 



received a district school education, and at the 
age of seventeen came to St. Louis and, having 
taken a course of instruction at Jones' Com- 
mercial College, secured a position as errand- 
boy with the old firm of Crow, McCreery & 
Company, dry goods merchants. After fifteen 
months he was appointed shipping clerk in his 
father's shoe house, and subsequenth- went on 
the road as traveling salesman, a position he 
filled in a highly satisfactory manner. 

Four years later, in 18(>0, Mr. Gauss associ- 
ated himself with Messrs. Krause and Huuicke, 
and established the firm of which he is still the 
head. In l.S(j;! Mr. Krause retired from the 
firm, and the name was changed to (rauss, 
Hunicke & Company. For twenty-three years 
this name was on the lips of every hat dealer in 
the West, and in 188(i Mr. Hunicke retired and, 
Mr. Shelton having been previously admitted 
to the firm, the company was incorporated 
under the name of the Gauss-Shelton Hat Com- 
pany; I\Ir. Gauss was made president, a posi- 
tion he continues to fill with marked abilit\-. 

;\Ir. Gauss is a member of the Church of the 
Messiah, and is prominent in much of the work 
carried on under its auspices. He is also on the 
board of directors of the National Bank of the 
Republic and the American Central Insurance 
Company. He stands very high in commercial 
circles, and no list of the solid men of St. Louis 
would be complete without his name. 

He married in 18(i() Miss Lammaneux, and 
has five daughters, all of whom are living, and 
four of whom are married. His wife died in 
l.S7.">, and in I.S8!» Mr. (xauss married a second 
time, his bride being Miss Ida Suiitli, of St. 
Louis county. 

It is interesting to record that .Mr. Gauss is 
named after his grandfather, Mr. Charles V. 
(jauss, who was the first to apply the principles 
of telegraphy. This gentleman was a mem1)er 
of the (loettingen University of Germany, and a 
highly talented scientist, mathematician and 
astrologer. 

There stands in a public ])ark in the city of 
Brunswick, (Germany, a monument to the mem- 
ur\- and good works of Carl !•'. Gauss. Mr. 



186 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



Gauss is a wentleiiiaii of lenient but conservative 
dealings, and he practices that true philan- 
thropy which is felt but seldom heard of or 
heralded to the world. Many institutions in 
our midst are in a position to re-echo this state- 
ment from substantial surprises received at 
Christmastide. 

Richardson, J. Clifford, son of James and 
Laura (Clifford) Richardson, was born in Pitts- 
burgh, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1«49. Both his 
father and mother came of old Puritan families 
of New England, and Mr. Richardson inherits 
all those qualities of industry and straightfor- 
wardness which were conspicuous in the lives 
of the original settlers of this country. He is a 
direct descendant, in the ninth generation, of 
Ezekiel Richardson, who was a member of the 
celebrated Winthrop Colony which left the 
.south of England in ll)3() and landed in Boston 
the same year. Ezekiel Richardson was one of 
the founders and incorporators of the town of 
Woburn, Massachusetts. 

Young Mr. Richardson attended school in 
Pittsburgh for two or three years, but when he 
was only eight years old his parents came out west 
and located in St. Louis, sending their son first 
to the public schools, and then to Washington 
University, from which institution he grad- 
uated. He then obtained a position as a clerk 
in the wholesale drug house of Richardson & 
Company, of this city. His business habits and 
promptness soon brought him to the front, and 
he became manager of the concern. Shortly 
afterwards he organized the Richardson Drug 
Company, of which he was from the first the 
guiding spirit. Largely owing to his personal 
efforts the new company increased the scope of 
its operations so rapidly that it soon took front 
rank, and eventually became the largest whole- 
sale drug hou.se in the world. 

New Year's day, 1889, was made menioral)le 
in the annals of St. Louis by the destruction of 
the Richardson drug house by fire, .\fter the 
work of adjusting the insurance and paying the 
losses was completed, Mr. Richardson found his 
health so impaired that he took a long \acatit>n, 



during which he visited several points of inter- 
est in Ivurope. After his return he resumed at- 
tending to his numerous business interests, and 
then organized a national bank, which, for rea- 
sons the reader will readily understand, he 
christened the Chemical National Bank. This 
institution promptly elected Mr. Richardson as 
president, and his high .standing in the commu- 
nity attracted so much attention that from the 
very first it did a profitable business. The l)ank 
opened its first account in June, 1H91, in its 
handsome offices in the Oriel Building, and 
within six months its depositors numbered o\er 
a thousand. It made a specialty of ladies' ac- 
counts, and has probably a larger clientage 
among the fair sex than any two of the old 
established banks in the city. 

Mr. Richardson's associates among the direct- 
ors and stockholders include such prominent 
business men as Dr. J. J. Lawrence, editor of 
Medical Briefs and one of the largest real estate 
owners in the city; Edward Mallinckrodt, of the 
Mallinckrodt Chemical Works; J. J. Broderick, 
of the Broderick & Bascom Rope Company; 
Francis Kuhn, of the late Anthony & Kuhn 
Brewery Company; Estill McHenry, executor 
of the James B. Eads estate; John B. Case, of 
the N. O. Nelson Manufacturing Company; V . 
.\. Bensberg, of F. A. Bensberg & Company; 
A. O. Rule, of McCormick-Kilgen-Rule Com- 
panv; Claude Kilpatrick, of Rutledge & Kil- 
patrick, real estate agents; Oscar L. Whitelaw, 
of Whitelaw Brothers; James A. Daughaday, of 
the late Brown, Daughaday & Compaiu-; and 
John I). Winn, president Lambert Pharmacal 
Coni]xiny. 

Although Mr. Richardson devotes a great deal 
of time to the business of the Chemical Bank, 
he has other interests of great importance. 
.Vlthough the Richardson Drug Company has 
not been in business in St. Louis since the great 
fire, it carries on operations at Omaha, Ne- 
braska, and its incorporator is still its president 
and the owner of the controlling interest. He 
is also president of the Rio Chemical Company 
and the Richardson-Taylor Medicine Coinpan>-, 
a director in the Missouri Electric Light and 



^ 9^ 





/.'/( H'.RAPHICAI. APPENDIX. 



187 



wer Company, the Ceulral Trust Company, 
:1 other important corporations, as well as a 
ge stockholder in the Trommer Extract and 
dt Company, of Freemont, Ohio, 
rhus it will l)e seen that althongh Mr. 
chard.son is but forty-five years of age he 
s achieved more than most men are able to 
;omplish in a life-time, and as he is in enjoy- 
;nt of vigorous health and remarkable energy, 
;re would appear to be no limit to the possibil- 
js of his future. He is of a very genial dis- 
sition, kind and courteous to all, and one of 
; most popular men in the cil\-, although 
never puts himself forward in any way and 
s never been known to seek office or prefer- 
?nt of any kind. Success has come to him 
t by chance, but in consequence of persistent 
ort, and every one agrees that he is thoroughly 
titled to all he has obtained. He resides in a 
ndsome residence on the corner of Morgan 
•eet and Ciarrison a\-enue, and is the father of 
o children, both of whom are dead. 

HrMi'HRKv, Fra.xk \Vatkrm.\x, although 
t connected with the earlier history of St. 
)nis, is as a founder of a business which is the 
uling enterprise of its kind in the city, and an 
tive promoter of the city's welfare, is well 
titled to have his name prominently inscribed 
long the many other enterprising citizens 
lio, by their induslr}-, wealth and sagacity, 
Lve contributed to build up the commercial 
osperity of the metroiDolis. Any one who, like 
r. Humphrey, has raised himself to a proud 
mmercial position as the head of an impor- 
nt line of trade in a great city, and has attained 
ch an eminent commercial success, has a l)i- 
;raph\- both worth writing and reading, and is 
mself an example worthy of emulation by the 
)ung man who desires to succeed to business. 
It is claimed that St. Louis is a southern city, 
il it is a fact that a great many of the men 
ho, by their strength of character and ability, 
i\e been accorded to j^laccs of leaders and have 
^nircd as such in the history of the city are of 
ew Kngland origin. In fact, a great many 
ich men, in proportion to their numbers, lia\'e 



reached high positions in the cit>-'s professional 
and commercial life, and among those who have 
attained such success, the subject of our sketch 
must be rated. 

Mr. Humphrey bears a name that has been 
])njminent in the history of Massachusetts since 
lii.'5.">, at about which time Jonas Humphrey left 
his nati\e town of Wendover, England, to seek 
fortune and liberty in a land that had been 
known to the civilized world scarcely a century 
and a half. From a book written by Fred. K. 
Humphrey, ]\I.D., called "the Humphre}- Fam- 
ily in America," the names and history of the 
family can be brought down to the present day. 
In it there are found Mr. F. \V. Hum])hrey\s 
male ancestors, with the date and place of their 
birth, were. Jonas was born in Wendover, 
Bucks, England, l()2(t; Jonas, born in Wey- 
mouth, Massachusetts, 10;")"); Jonas, born in 
Weymouth, l()8-4; Samuel, born in Weymouth, 
1 'rl'^\ James, born in Weymouth, 17.")4; Ivbenezer, 
born in \\'e\inuuth, 17.S1; Albert, born in Wey- 
mouth, 1.S10; Frank Waterman, the subject of 
this sketch, born in Weymouth, June, 18.'')2. 
It will thus be seen that the Humphrey family 
has been identified with the history of the above 
named IMassachusetts town for over a hundred 
vears. His mother's name before her marriage 
was Elizabeth, and on this side of the house Mr. 
Humphrey is connected with a very old Massa- 
chusetts family. 

Young Frank received his education in Boston, 
a citv long-celebrated for her schools and col- 
leges and the learning of her people. Most of 
his education was acquired at Channing Hall 
vSchool. Completing his school-life and leaving 
his books when he was sixteen years of age, he 
then Ijegan to look about for employment, and 
succeeded in obtaining a position as clerk in the 
wool commission house of J. C. Howe S: Com- 
pany, a place obtained only after considerable 
effort, as this house was the oldest and richest 
and mo,st responsible in its line in Boston. After 
a period of a year and a half s]>ent in this situ- 
ation he accepted a])lacein the wholesale clothing 
house of Beard, ^loullon X: Comi)aii\-, and in that 
lineof trade he has continually been engaged e\er 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



since. He entered the honse as a stock-boy and 
was gradually promoted through every stage of 
the business, until when he resigned his place 
early in l.S7;i; he was a salesman, and consid- 
ered the most valuable and proficient one con- 
nected with the house. 

Although he held an excellent position, his 
ambition would not allow him to rest contented, 
and actuated by that desire to better his condi- 
tion without which no man succeeds, he con- 
vinced himself that the new and growing West 
was the section for the young man who was 
energetic and ambitious, and this was his rea- 
son for giving up his place with the Boston 
house. He reached St. Louis in the above 
named year, and, being favorably impressed 
with the city, soon opened the retail clothing 
store at site now occupied by the business. The 
trade of the house has increased from the day it 
opened, and the expansion of the business has 
been steady. Mr. Humphrey conducted the 
business alone, until 1884, when William M. 
Tamblyn was made a partner, and the style of 
the firm changed to F. W. Humphrey & Com- 
pany. The house to-day stands at the head of 
the retail clothing houses of St. Ivouis, occupies 
two floors, 100x110 feet in area, and employs 
about 100 assistants. 

On August 20, 187o, about one month before 
Mr. Humphrey inaugurated the business at 
present presided over by him, he was married 
to Miss Emma Henrietta, daughter of John 
M. and Catherine Walsh. She was born at 
vSouth P>ritain, Massachusetts, July 1, 1 •"<•") 1. 
Their married life has been blessed with four 
children, one of whom, Albert, born in St. 
Louis, February 25, 187(), is dead. The others 
are Frank Hackett, who was born in St. Louis, 
]\\\\ 27, 1S77; Brighton Walsh, born at Coney 
Island, New York, July ;?0, l.S7;i; and Adele, 
who was born in St. Louis, October 14, l.S,S:>. 

Mr. Humphrey is a man of a quick and recep- 
tive mind, and has therefore profited to the 
fullest by his long experience in the clothing 
trade, and is regarded by men engaged in that 
business as an expert whose judgment in mat- 
ters pertaining to clothing is second to that of 



no one. He is a man of great activity and 
earnestness, and every scheme he undertakes he 
pushes to some conclusion, thus showing also 
that great determination is one of his active 
principles. He is a citizen of marked public 
spirit, and in every enterprise concerning the 
promotion of the city's welfare he is always 
ready to assist in a manner so material as to 
make his influence felt. In the private walks 
of life he is genial and sociable, possessing quali- 
ties that have endeared him to a wide circle of 
friends and acquaintances. He is now in the 
strength of manhood and the full tide of busi- 
ness success, while before him lies a future both 
bright and promising. 

Ykat.max, J.\mes E. — Among the men who 
ha\e on ever\- possible occasion identified them- 
selves with charitable and philanthropic work 
in vSt. Louis, no one is more deserving of credit 
than Mr. James E. Yeatman. For more than 
half a century he has been a resident of St. Louis, 
and during that period he has never allowed hi.s 
own personal interests to interfere with the 
noble work of relie\ing the suffering and aiding 
the deserving poor. He has had countless op- 
portunities of accumulating wealth, but has 
never taken advantage of them, deriving more 
pleasure from doing good to others more in need 
than himself. 

He was born in Bedford count\', Tennessee, 
August 27, 1818, of well-to-do parents, who gave 
him an excellent education. His earliest work 
was in an iron foundry at Cumberland, Tennes- 
see, and in 1.S42 he came to St. Louis and opened 
a branch for a Nashville iron house. In 1850 Ik 
entered the commission business, and in the same 
year he assisted in establishing the Merchants' 
Bank, whose name was subsequently changed 
to the Merchants' National Bank. Ten years 
later he retired from the commission business 
and became president of the bank he had helped 
to form. He also acted as the first president ol 
the Mercantile Library Institution, helped estab- 
lish Bellefontaine cemetery, and was first presi- 
dent of the Blind Asylum. His work in con- 
nection with Washington University in its earli- 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



189 



t days was iiualuahle, and so was liis service 
securing the construction of the Oiiio lS: Mis- 
;sippi railway. 

A well-known local writer, speaking of Mr. 
?atnian's works of charit\- and labors of love, 
ys: 

" Throughout the trying period preceding and 
iriug the ci\il war, Mr. Yeatman was a strenu- 
is supporter of the Union, but labored earnestly 
r peace and reconciliation. His mother's sec- 
id husband was John Bell, of Tennessee, the 
ndidate for President of the United vStates on 
e Union ticket in IStiO, and Mr. ^'eatnian 
■longed to the Union school in jjolitics. 
'hen war could no longer be a\oided lie 
rove to avert its horrors from Missouri, and 
as deputed by some of the most lo)al and hon- 
ed citizens of St. Louis to accompany Hon. 
. R. Gamble to Washington, to lay the situa- 
ion in Missouri before President Lincoln, 
eneral Harney was then in command of the 
apartment of the West, and his policy was the 
ibject of nuich contention before the President, 
essrs. Yeatman and Gamble were firmly per- 
laded that it was the only one that would lead 
a peaceful solution of the problem, but they 
iled to impress Mr. Lincoln with this view, 
id General Harney was soon removed, and the 
gorous counsels of P'rank P. Blair's party 
lopted by the Government. Mr. Gamble, sub- 
quently as provisional go\ernor, served the 
tate and the country through a period of un- 
campled difficulties with great ability, while 
:r. Yeatman performed the most arduous and 
•If-sacrificing labor in connection with the 
'estern Sanitary Commission, which was called 
ito existence by General Uremont in .Septem- 
:r, 18til, in order to mitigate the horrors of 
le war then actually in progress in Missouri, 
» well as in the more Southern States. As 
reviously stated, Mr. Yeatman was president 
f the commission, and is universally conceded 
) have been its guiding spirit throughout the 
ar. 

" Indeed, from the very moment of his acce])t- 
uce of this delicate and sacred trust lie put l)usi- 
e.ss and home and friends behind him and con- 



secrated himself, in the true sacrificial spirit, 
entirely Vo the noble work of relieving distress 
and misery. His task was dual in its character, 
for he was called upon to systematize the im- 
pulsive, disorderly and uninformed sympathies 
and efforts of the loyal people of the West, and 
then to make effective, with the least waste of 
time, labor and money, the agencies employed 
for the relief and care of sick and wounded 
soldiers. In this great emergency Mr. Yeatman 
exhibited a capacity and aptitude for organiza- 
tion on a large scale scarcely equaled, and cer- 
tainly never exceled, in the history of the coun- 
try. His duties led him all over the war-stricken 
regions of the Southwest, wherever men were 
suffering or likely to suffer and to need relief. 
I^ike Howard, he must look with his own eyes 
on the misery he was charged to relieve; and it 
has been well said that 'the hostile armies were 
filled with a new feeling — that of tenderness — 
as they beheld his unselfish efforts.' " 

The commission established hospital steam- 
ers, founded soldiers' homes and homes for their 
children, and took the earliest steps to relieve 
the freedmen, whom they promptly recognized 
as the " wards of the nation." They sent them 
teachers, nur.ses, and physicians, and the labors 
of the commission in connection with the freed- 
men during 18(U-6r) were quite as arduous to Mr. 
Yeatman and his as.sociates as were those during 
some of the periods in which the great battles 
of the war had been fought. The Freedmen's 
Bureau was organized on the plan devised by 
]\Ir. Yeatman, who, once a holder of slaves, now 
became a benefactor of the negro race. His 
report to the Western Sanitary Commission 
favoring the leasing of abandoned jilantations to 
freedmen was declared b)- the Xorth American 
Rez'icw (April, 1S(U) to contain in a single 
page "the final and absolute solution of the 
cotton and negro questions." Mr. Yeatnian's 
report was so favorable that he was sent to 
Washington to lay his views before the Govern- 
ment. The President was greatly impressed, 
and urged him to accompany a (Government 
officer to \'icksbnrg to ]iut them into effect. 
This .Mr. Yeatman did, althou"h he declined an 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



official appointment in that connection. When 
the Freedinen's Burean was instituted, President 
Lincohi offered him the commissionership, but 
he declined, disliking, possibly, the semi-mili- 
tary features of the establishment. Its main 
features, however, he heartily approved. 

The Sanitary Commission disbursed seven 
hundred and sevent\'-one thousand dollars, and 
distributed over three and a half million dollars' 
worth of goods. It was brought into very close 
relations with the military authorities, yet its 
affairs were managed so discreetly that all the gen- 
erals in the field — Grant, Sherman, Fremont, 
Halleck, Curtis, Schofield and Rosecrans — were 
on the most friendly and confidential terms with 
its agents, and did their utmost, by means of 
military orders and the exercise of their personal 
influence, to advance the humane work. When 
it is considered that the history of war afforded 
no precedent for sanitary work among the 
soldiers on .so large a .scale, the magnitude of 
the labor of the commission and the splendor 
of its success are the more conspicuous. 

Tanskv, Robert P. , is a native of that bright 
little island where everything flourishes save 
"the sons of the soil." The story of their suc- 
cesses in life is generally to be read in other 
lands where men have room to grow. Mr. Tan- 
sey was born in 1833, in (jlenarm, in the county 
of Antrim, Ireland, a lovely and picturesque 
little spot on the sea-coast, only distant a few 
hours' drive from the Giant's Causeway, where 
" mist-covered hills " and " surges grand " com- 
bine to wake the spirit of poetry in the people. 

In 1.S47, when fourteen years of age, he left 
school in Belfast and emigrated alone to the 
United States, arriving at New Orleans in the 
good ship Independence.^ after a stormy pas- 
sage of sixty-three days. Soon after arriving 
at New Orleans the young emigiant was em- 
ployed at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, as student, 
operator and repairer of lines on the Louisville 
and New Orleans telegraph lines. 

When Baton Rouge became the capital of the 
State, a new hotel, called the "Harney House," 
was opened by Col. L. A. Pratt, and young 



Tansey was chosen its book-keeper and clerk. 
After a year spent in this service the ambitious 
youth decided to try his fortune in the West, and 
came to vSt. Louis, finally landing in Alton, Illi- 
nois, where he studied law for two years with 
Edward Keating, then one of the ablest lawyer.* 
in Southern Illinois. 

Mr. Keating, becoming connected with the 
Alton & Sangamon Railroad (now the Chicago 
& Alton line) as financial agent, and subse- 
quently general manager, appointed Mr. Tansey 
pay-master of the company before he was twenty 
years of age. He held this office for several 
years and was afterward general agent of the 
line at Springfield, Illinois, and at Alton. 

In 18()0 he took a year off from railroad em- 
ployment to re-establish the Allan Natio)ia. 
Democrat, a daily and weekh- newspaper, th( 
office of which, with all its equipment of presses 
and type, had been totall\- destroyed a shorl 
time previously by a cyclone. During th< 
heated presidential campaign of that year the 
Democrat, of which Mr. Tansey was sole owne; 
and editor, gave Judge Douglas and the Demo 
cratic ticket a warm and earnest support. 

Resuming his railroad employment in 1.sC>l' 
Mr. Tansey was appointed general freight agen' 
of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, with head 
quarters in Chicago, before he had attained th< 
age of thirty years. From this position he re 
tired in the fall of l.S(i;-l, and came to St. Loui; 
as a member of the firm of Mitchell, Milteu 
berger &: Tansey, which afterward was incor 
porated as the P^ast St. Louis Transfer Company 
and became, by purchase, the owners of tli( 
Madison County Ferr\- Compan\- and its proj) 
erties, operating the ferry Ijetween \'enice anc 
St. Louis. 

Here the first transfer of car load freights wa: 
made at St. Louis by the Madison County Ferr} 
Company, of which John J. Mitchell was pres 
ident and R. P. Tansey, manager. Alessrs 
Mitchell &; Tansey built the Venice grain ele- 
vator, and this, with the facilities afforded b; 
their car transfer boats, aided largely in the im 
petus given the bulk grain business of St. Loui 
in the early seventies. 




il /^ 




niOGRAPHICAL APPF.KDIX. 



ini 



Tlie social side of Mr. Tanse>'s nature is il- 
istrated In- his connection with nearly all the 
lubs in this cit\-. He is also a member and 
x-president of the Knij^hts of St. Patrick. 
\'hile never aspiring; to political position, he 
onsented, reluctantly, to an election to the Cit\- 
Council of St. Louis, after the adoption of the 
ichenie and Charter, an ofifice which he held 
3r four \ears. He has been for thirty >-ears a 

member of the Merchants' Exchan.s;e of this 
ity, and has served that body on all its coni- 
littees, and as di- 
ector, vice-presi- 
eut and president 
f the Exchange, to 
,-hich last office he 
,-as unanimously 
lected in ISTl. 

Coming to his do- 
lestic life, we find 
I r. T a n s e }• w a s 
larried in 18.i4 to 
liss Maria Man- 
uni, in Alton, Illi- 
lois, where his good 
iiother and one sis- 
er still reside — the 
ormer, at the age of 
our-score \ears, is 
till in excellent 
lealth. liis father 
ied in 1NJ4. I)ur- 
ng the forty )ears of 
heir life, Mr. and 
.Irs. Tansey were 

ilessed with five children, two of whom, Robert 
nd Douglas, are dead. One daughter, Mary, 
11(1 two .sons, George Judd and Bernard ]\Ior- 
ison, still survive, the two latter in this cit\-. 



Elevator C( 
Comiiaiu'. 



)f the Wiggins Ferrv 





.^B^'' m 


^^^ 



\liik- Mr. Tansey 
n\ a farm near Spr 
.f Illinois. 

He has not, h< 
•onnection with v'- 
dentified with se^ 
)eing president a; 



;it jiresent makes his home 
igfield, the charming capital 

ie\er, se\-ered his business 
. Louis. He is at present 
■ral business interests here, 
I director of the St. Louis 



Pransfer Comixuu- and 



irector of the United 



B.\XNKRM.\N, Ja.mks, of whom an excellent 
picture appears on this page, is a Canadian by 
birth, but is a thorough St. Lotiis man, having 
lived here the greater part of his life. He is 
not only a very successful business man, l)iit 
has also identified himself with so many enter- 
prises of a public character that his life seems 
almost to belong to his fellow-citizens, and he 
is one of those men 
concerning whom it 
is impossible to 
avoid the expression 
of surprise as to how 
he can find any spare 
time at all to devote 
to his imi^ortant bus- 
iness interests. Mr. 
Hannerman is known 
as an earnest Demo- 
crat, and his influ- 
ence in his part\' is 
very great. His 
service to the city 
as speaker of the 
House of Delegates 
])roved his sterling 
worth, and the stern 
manner in which he 
rebuked anything 
that he regarded in 
the nature of an ir- 
regularity or a 
breach of trust made him regarded as excep- 
tionally eligible for the office of mayor. 

Early in 18it3 he was nominated by the Demo- 
cratic party for this office, and recei\-ed the sup- 
jiort of the independent, or purity iii politics, 
part\-. That he was not elected was simply due 
to the fact that the city went Republican from top 
to bottom of the ticket, and although defeated, 
Mr. Bannerman was by no means disgraced. 

Mr. Bannerman is a member of the firm of 
Me\er-Bannerman .!s: Compaiu', one of the larg- 
est .saddlerv houses in the world, its career dat- 



iMi;S liANNKRMAN. 



192 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



ing from the close of the war. The firm occu- 
pies the entire structure UKi-ill.s Xorth vSixtli 
street, seven stories in height, with a floor area 
of more than seven thousand square feet on each 
story. Three hundred men are employed in 
the factory, and the trade extends throughout 
the entire West, Southwest and South. The 
house has done a great deal to make and main- 
tain the reputation of St. Louis as the best sad- 
dlery and harness market in the world. 

Nicholson, Peter, one of the leading high- 
class and fancy grocers in the country, is about 
sixty years of age, having been born in the vil- 
lage of Fowlis Wester, Perth county, Scotland, 
March 24, 1834. He was well educated in the 
excellent schools near his home, and came to 
America in 1S')2, having first served a full 
apprenticeship to the grocery business in the 
second largest city of the liritish P^mpire, and 
being thoroughly competent to persevere in the 
calling of his choice. 

His uncle, Mr. David Nicholson, had already 
established his reputation as a dealer in fine 
groceries, wines and cigars in St. Louis, and the 
young man immediately became connected with 
this house. His first position was that of clerk, 
but he gave to the details of the work the atten- 
tion wdiich his family interest naturally de- 
manded, and as he grew- in years the business 
also increased until it assumed the gigantic pro- 
portions which it now holds. 

In 18o(i Mr. Peter Nicholson's valuable work 
was recognized and he was taken into the firm. 
Since that time he has been active in its man- 
agement and is now its head. For forty years 
he has given his undivided attention to the busi- 
ness of his choice and has acquired a reputation 
in it which extends into every State and Terri- 
torv in the Union. Por many years the estab- 
lishment had its home on Sixth street, just south 
of Chestnut street, and was one of the local land- 
marks. It was burned out in the year IHt'l, 
but convenient premises were secured on the 
same street a little further north, and there was 
but a slight interference with business. 

Mr. Nicholson has since erected a most suit- 



able building for his business on Broadway 
between Pine and Olive, known as Xos. 2(l'S, 21(1 
212 North Broadway. As Peter Nicholson i^ 
Sons, the house is transacting a high-clas 
wholesale and retail grocery business second t 
none in the West, and second to few, if any, ii 
the United States. The name of Nicholson i 
known in nearly every State of the L'nion, an( 
there are many high grades of groceries whicl 
are handled exclusively by the firm, which doe 
not transact any business at all in low-priced o 
inferior goods. 

It can easily be understood that it is not only as 
grocer that Mr. Nicholson is known to the peopl 
of St. Louis and of the State of Missouri. Th 
remarkable business qualifications which hav 
enabled him to achieve such unique success ha 
attracted the attention of the stockholders ii 
numerous corporations, and it has been wit] 
difficulty that Mr. Nicholson has resisted .som 
of the countless offers which have been mad 
him. In 187.') he became a director in th 
American Exchange Bank, one of the most sub 
stantial financial institutions in the West. Re 
garding the directorship in the light of ai 
important trust, he was not satisfied with tli^ 
perfunctory performance of routine duties, bu 
made it his business to watch its interests ii 
every manner possible. In 1878 his sterlinj 
worth was recompensed by his election ti 
the presidency of the bank, whose name wa 
changed from its old title named in its charte 
of 18(i4 "Union Savings Association" to tin 
one by which it is now known. Under IMr 
Nicholson's presidency its business increasec 
with great rapidity and its capital is now hal 
a million dollars. He resigned the presidency 
in ^lay, 1894, owing to pressure of business. 

About ten years ago Mr. Nicholson was pre 
vailed upon to accept a seat on the board of th( 
American Central Insurance Company, of whicl 
he is still a director. He was one of the activ( 
incorporators of the St. Louis Associated Whole 
sale Grocers, one of the most valuable trad( 
organizations in the city. Of this he was pres 
ideut for the first and second years, and he i; 
now one of its most prominent directors. 





VW M/p 




niOCRAPHICAL APP/-:xn/x. 



193 



During a visit to Scotland in the year I'SAT 
married, in Glasgow, Miss Mary Roberts, 
ughter of Mr. James Roberts of that city, 
ne children of this estimable conple survive, 
eir names being David K., James Peter, 
:len, Alexander, Mary Elizabeth, Jean, Fier- 
ce, (xertrude and Alice. 

Sci'DDKR, Ellsha CiAGK, is one of the .suc- 
ssful wholesale grocers of St. Louis, and the 
Drough knowledge of the business, which has 
en one of the main 
:tors by which he 
s attained this 
jcess, has been 
ined by a life-time 
experience in 
ery department of 
t business. He 
ts born May 17, 
39, in the little 
i-coast town of 
yannis, on the 
stern coast of 
issachusetts. His 
ther, Frederick, 
d his mother, 
irdelia ( fr a ge ) 
udder, were both 
Puritan stock. 
1 i s h a attended 
liool in his native 
ivn until he was 
teen years old, and ^, ^^ . 

en entered Tripp's 

:ademy, where he attended the terms for two 
ars, and then took the finishing courses at 
erce Academy, at Middleboro, Massachusetts. 
Leaving the academy he liegan his commer- 
\\ career by the acceptance in IX;')? of a situa- 
)u in the wholesale grocery house of E^mmons, 
inforth &; Scudder, of Boston. He was 
iployed as a clerk, and the first vear receised 
li(t tor his services. He was still al work f<ir 
is house when the civil war l)roke ciul, but 
\X^\-1 resigned lo enlist in the Fnrly-lourth 
assachusetts \'olunleers. He was sent to the 




front with the regiment, but only saw nine 
months' service. 

At the end of his term he returned to his 
home in Massacliusetts, l)ut stayed there onh- a 
short time, and then went south again to assume 
charge of a position which had been offered 
him at Yorktown, Virginia. At Yorktown he 
was still stationed in the fall of ISIU, when 
he decided to take a western trip, partly for 
pleasure and partly for the purpose of seeking a 
location in a newer country. He was very 
much impressed 
with St. L o u i s , 
which he rightly 
concluded w as a 
city with the most 
brilliant future 
prospects. ( )u this 
visit he became 
acquainted with Mr. 
Brookmire, a mem- 
ber of the wholesale 
grocer}- firm of 
Joseph Hammill &: 
C om p any, who 
finally offered him a 
p o s i t i o n, and he 
went to work Janu- 
ary 1, bsi;.-). 

Two years was 
the term of his serv- 
ice as salesman 
with this house, 
w h i c h was suc- 
ceeded by the firm 
He was at once put 



of Brookmire iS: Rankin, 
on the road as a salesman by the new firm, and 
for six years was industriously engaged in 
extending the firm's business connections. So 
valuable did he become to the hcmse that he 
was made one of the partners, and in 1.S.S2 the 
firm name was clianged to Brookmire, Rankin ,S; 
Scudder. This arrangement continued up to 
January, INS."), njion which date Mr. Scudder 
withdraw and witli \V. A. Scudder established 
the wholesale grocerv firm of E. O. Scudder S: 
Brother. This firm was verv successful, but 



104 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



enlarged business facilities were acquired by 
another change, by which the firm of E. Ci. 
Scndder & Brother and the Greeley-Bnrnhani 
Grocer Company were merged into a corpora- 
tion known as the Scndder-Gale Grocer Com- 
pany, May l-T, l^Oo, of which E. G. Scndder is 
president; A. H. (iale, vice-president; W. A. 
Scndder, treasurer, and G. G. Whitelaw, 
secretary. 

The firm occnpies connnodions qnarters in the 
Cupples block, and in size of stock and volnme 
of bnsiness is perhaps the leading grocery firm 
of the Mississippi Valley. 

On Jnly 18, 1871, Mr. Scndder was married 
to Miss Mary Gale, niece of D. B. Gale, a 
prominent grocer of St. Lonis. They have 
fonr children — Prentiss Gale, Alice Cordelia, 
Lncy and E. Ct., Jr. 

Scruggs, Rich.\rd M., has place in the front 
rank of the mercantile commnnity, and is nni- 
versally recognized as one of the most eminent 
in the roll of chief citizens of St. Lonis. He is 
a native of Virginia, born February 10, 1X22, 
in Bedford county, near a town, the connt\- seat, 
then called Liberty, now Bedford City. His 
father. Reaves S. Scruggs, was a planter and 
prominent in public and political life, being a 
leader of his party in the count\- and represent- 
ing it in the Virginia Legislature. His mother 
was Mildred L. Otey, and the family, on both 
sides of his parentage, held high and influential 
social position. 

Mr. Scruggs came to St. Louis in the month 
of March, 1850, and opened the dry goods house 
which has recently celebrated its forty-fourth 
anniversary. He was then only in his twenty- 
seventh year, but he had received thorough 
business training. It was begun at the age of 
fifteen, at Lynchburg, as clerk, and there and 
at Richmond it was continued during ten years. 
He had rapid promotion and, notwithstanding 
his youth, he soon became in both establish- 
ments confidential clerk and cashier. He left 
his native State in 1847 to seek his fortune in a 
new country and in a wider commercial field. 
His intended destination was New Orleans; but 



on his way, during a sojourn at Huntsville, 
.\labama, visiting a brother and other relatives 
who were in business there, he was offered and 
accepted an advantageous position in a branch 
office of a large New Orleans cotton firm, which 
he held for two years, when a proposal was 
made to him by a leading merchant of that city 
of a partnership in a dry goods business to be 
established either at ilontgomery in that State, 
Memphis, or St. Louis. Mr. Scruggs visited 
vSt. Louis and at once decided in its favor, and 
commenced his St. Louis bnsiness career. It 
has continued without interruption and with 
unbroken success, culminating in the founding 
and headship of the Scruggs, Vandervoort & 
Barney Dry Goods Company, one of the largest 
and most reputable dr}- goods houses in the 
United States. 

Notwithstanding the engro.ssments of his 
private business, it is a special distinction oi 
Mr. Scruggs' career that it embraces manifold 
forms of good citizenship, and he has become 
known and honored as a public-spirited citizen, 
broad-minded philanthropist and zealous church- 
man, as well as successful merchant. 

When he came to St. Louis the city had just 
entered upon its modern history of growth. 
During his residence the corporate limits have 
been extended westward from Eighteenth tc 
Eightieth street, and the population has nuilti- 
plied ten-fold — from fifty to five hundred thou- 
sand. Concurrently with this wonderful progress 
there has been demand for the establishment of the 
various civic and benevolent institutions of a 
great city. In that history Mr. Scruggs has 
been largely identified, and not only in the pat- 
ronage of his name, but in personal leadership, 
which is sought and given with unstinted devo- 
tion of time and money. There is hardly any 
such an institution in the city that has not 
received his benefactions, nor measure for the 
advancement of the commercial standing of the 
city, and the promotion of the public welfare, 
with which his name is not connected. This 
reputation brings to him more, perhaps, than to 
au)- other in the commnnity, a multiplicity and 
a variety of calls for gratuitous public service 



BR X'.RAPinCAI. APPENnrX. 



1(1 applications for charitable aid and friendly 
fices. It is surjirisins;' that he can find time 
r such attention and kindly interest as he 
ves them; and it is common remark that the 
ty is highly favored in having a man of such 
iwearied public spirit and such inexhaustible 
mpathy with the poor and friendless. This 
akes his leadership irresistible; and it is said 
; can raise more money for any cause he 
pouses than any man in vSt. Louis. 
One of the earliest public institutions of the 
ty, and now one of the most notaVile, is the 
ercantile Library Association, of which Mr. 
:ruggs was a director for many years, its presi- 
:nt in 1870 and 1871, and is still a member of 
5 board of trustees, which has the manage- 
ent of its property, valued at half a million 
dollars. A like sum is the estimated value of 
e Mullanphy Emigrant Fund, which is con- 
alled by a board of commissioners appointed 
■ the City Council, and of which he was a 
ember and president of the board continuously 
r five years, from 1877 to 1882. During 
ven years, from 1883 to 1890, by appointment 
governors of the State, he was president of 
e Board of Tru.stees of the Missouri School for 
e Education of the Blind. His administra- 
)n marked an era in the history or that insti- 
tion — its transition from a mere asylum, 
cupied with the care in food and shelter for 
at unfortunate class, to a school proper for the 
ind, with several departments of instruction in 
tters, music and industrial arts, in which they 
e trained for self-support and to take positions 
intelligent and useful citizens. 
He was one of the original promoters of the 
:. Louis E.xposition A.s.sociation, which has 
(utinental fame; and more recently in connec- 
;in with it, the autumnal festivities, lasting 
iree years and coxering the jjeriod of the 
alumbian Exposition, and intended to give the 
ty world-wide repute. From the first, Mr. 
:ruggs has been the treasurer of the Exposi- 
on Association. Its financial success has been 
lienomenal, the original capital stock being 
)00,000 and now free from debt, and having 
loperty in various forms aggregating a million 



dollars. He was a liberal subscriber to the 
stock, and his firm headed the subscription to 
the special fund for the autumnal festivities 
with the princely sum of $1 (),()()(). 

The institution in which Mr. Scruggs is most 
heartily interested is the vSt. Louis Provident 
Association, having for its object the relief of 
the poor of the city, without distinction of creed, 
color or nationality. He has been a director for 
nearly twenty years, and during the past ten 
years its president. He gives to it large per- 
.sonal supervision, and is an active solicitor of 
its revenue. Its beneficiaries have numbered 
fifty thousand families, consisting of one hun- 
dred and eighty thousand persons. Of these, 
during Mr. Scruggs' administration, relief has 
been given to seventy thousand persons. A more 
important result of his administration has been 
the enlargement of its operations, especially in 
the introduction of industrial methods of relief 
in various forms, thus a\'oiding the demoraliza- 
tion of mere alms-giving and helping the poor 
to help themselves, b\- which self-respect is 
preserved. 

A most notable institution in contemplation 
and founded upon the bequest of the late Robert 
A. Barnes, is a hospital which will bear his 
name. He was a retired merchant and a mill- 
ionaire, and his entire estate is devoted to that 
purpose. The custody of the fund and the man- 
agement of the hospital are committed to three 
trustees, of whom Mr. Scruggs is one, and the 
first named in the will. The hospital is to be 
under the auspices of the Southern Methodist 
Church, and his appointment was a recognition 
of his standing in that church, as well as sug- 
gested by personal esteem and confidence. 

In no jjart of his career has Mr. Scruggs been 
more thoroughly enlisted than as a churchman, 
having been connected with the Methodist- 
Episcopal Church, South, for more than twenty 
years. He has filled, by election, all the lay 
offices in its organization, and is invariably 
chosen as a delegate to the Annual Conference, 
and a lay representative in the General Confer- 
ence, which is the highest legislative and 
judicial bod\- in that church, meeting quad- 



I'.lfi 



Of.P AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



reunially. He is actively connected with the 
missionary operations and educational interests 
of the Conference, and in city e\-angelization 
and church extension he is a chief counselor 
and leader. His zeal is aggressive and untiring, 
and abounding in labors and liberality. A 
notable instance and fruit of his zeal is the 
Cook Avenue Church, where he has his member- 
ship. It is largely his creation, raised from a 
small mission to a large and self-supporting 
congregation, and the splendid edifice erected 
at a cost of over $7;"), 000, more than one-half of 
which was his personal contribution, and the 
larger part of the remainder raised by his 
personal effort and from among personal friends 
and acquaintances. He is especially devoted to 
vSunday-school work, in which he has been 
engaged as superintendent nearly twenty years 
and conducting both a morning and an afternoon 
school. He is interested and active in inter- 
denominational Sunday-school organizations and 
enterprises, and for several years past has been 
chairman of the Executive Comtnittee of the 
State Association, which has advanced Missouri 
to the front rank in the Sunday-school census of 
the United States. 

Though Mr. Scruggs is now in his sevent\- 
second year, with advancing years and the in- 
crease of his private business, grown to im- 
mense proportions, nevertheless the calls and 
claims of public service do not decrease, but 
nuiltiply. He is still responsive to all, and equal 
to all. His physical vigor is remarkably pre- 
served and his energy is unabated and seems in- 
exhaustible. Verbal characterization is largely 
unmeaning. His history is the index of the 
man. The value of Mr. Scruggs to the genera- 
tion in which he lives, and his place in public 
esteem, are indicated and assured in the above 
record, at the bottom of it a sterling manhood 
and a lofty Christian character. 

Walkkr, David Davis, one of the men of 
St. Louis whose history is a story of the reward 
of indu.stry, and whose success is the result of 
sagacity and abilit\-. 

He was born July U', iJSiO, on a farm about 



four and one-half miles from Bloomington, Illi- 
nois. His father was born in England and died 
on the farm four and one-half miles from Bloom- 
ington. Illinois, in 1X7.'), at the age of sixt}-- 
seven years. His mother, whose maiden name 
was Mercer, was a native of ^Maryland, and 
died three years after the decease of her hus- 
band. 

Young David received the regular course of 
the common schools, and continued his study at 
Beloit College, at Beloit, Wisconsin. In 1855 
he left the college and returned home. Two 
years after his return home, or in 1857, on 
March 4th, he came to St. Louis, with the in- 
tention of making it his home and of starting 
the building of his own fortune. 

Soon after his arrival in the city he entered 
the business in which he was destined to make 
his fortune, by sectiring a position with Crow, 
McCreery & Company, then the leading whole- 
sale dry goods house of the city. It may be said 
of Mr. Walker that he has made every rung of 
the dry goods ladder in going from the bottom 
to the top, for his first employment with Crow, 
McCreery & Company was as office-boy. By 
the closest attention and constant consideration 
of the interests of his employers he soon won 
the reward of promotion, being advanced from 
one position to another, until finalh- in 1X1)5, 
eight years after he had entered their employ, 
he was admitted to a partnership. 

^Ir. Walker's ambition to succeed had im- 
pelled him to try his powers beyond their limits, 
and because of this he was compelled, in 1878, 
to withdraw from the partnership. Then, for 
the next two years, he gave himself up to rest 
and the recovery of his health, returning to St. 
Louis in 1880. 

His health restored he formed a partnership 
with Frank Ely and others, the newly-organized 
house making a bid for popular favor under the 
firm title Ely, Walker & Company. Under this 
arrangement the house did business for three 
years, at the end of which time the trade had so 
grown that it became necessary to give the busi- 
ness the better opportunities offered by the or- 
ganization of a stock company and incorporation. 



II h ^CR.iPiiK A I. . u>/>/-:xn/.\: 



he. style of tlie fiiiii was likewise cliaii.y;e(l to 
[le Ely &; Walker Dry Goods Company. 

With such a man as Mr. Walker the direct- 
ig head of the house, who was recognized as 
u authority on all matters pertaining to dry 
oods, and who possessed a talent for managing 

great business, seconded by energy and good 
idgment, the success of the house was assured 
om the beginning. Its growth has been steady 
nd certain, and year by year it has added to its 
restige and influence until it is now recognized 
5 one of the most prosperous and substantial 
'holesale dry goods houses of the country. 

In 1X62 Mr. Walker was married to Miss 
lartha A. Beakey, daughter of Joseph Beakey, 
If well-known stove man. They have a large 
luiily of interesting children, all of whom ai"e 
oys but one. Rose Marion, now Mrs. Asa Pitt- 
lau. The boys are Joseph Sidney, William H., 
I. D., Jr., George Herbert and James Theodore, 
'he four elder boys are associated with their 
ither in the business, W. H. being vice-presi- 
ent, and Jo.seph Sidney assi.sting him in the 
redit department; D. D., Jr. , and George Her- 
ert filling minor positions. 

Mr. Walker attributes his success in business 
irgely to the early training he received from 
is first employer, Mr. Wayman Crow. 

WoERNER, John G.\briel, was born at Moehr- 
igen, Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Wurtem- 
erg, Germany, April 28, 1<S2(). His parents 
ime to the United States in June, 1.S38, and 
Jttled in Philadelphia, where they remained 
ntil lx;^7, and then came to St. Louis. He 
as educated in the public schools of Philadel- 
liia and St. Louis, having attended school in 
le former cit\' for three years before coming 
est with his parents. He then attended 
:hool in this city for one year. During that 
me he applied himself so assiduously to his 
;udies tiuit he acquired an excellent knowledge 
f the Knglisli and German languages, and of 
ich branches of education as were then taught 
1 the public .schools of this city, and laid the 
mndation for the higher and better education 
'hich he has since acquired by a life-time of 



reading, stuil\- and literary work, ttj which he 
has found time to devote himself in spite of his 
official and professional duties. 

In 1841 young Woerner went to Springfield, 
^Missouri, where he remained for a year and then 
went to Waynesville, Pulaski county, this State. 
He was employed as a clerk in a country store 
at both places. After renuuning at the latter 
place two years he returned to St. Louis and 
entered the office of the German Tribune^ and 
served as "devil," pressman, compositor and 
foreman, until the breaking out of the revo- 
lution of 1848 in Germany, when he returned to 
his native country as the correspondent for the 
German Tribune and the Nczv York Herald. 
He remained abroad two years and then returned 
to St. Louis and took editorial charge of the 
German Tribune. In a short time he bought 
the pa2:)er and converted it from a Whig to an 
Independent, and then to a Benton Democratic 
paper. He sold it to a syndicate in 1852. He 
then ran a job printing office for a time; then 
sold out and read law in the office of C. C. Sim- 
mons, and was admitted to the bar in 185;"), by 
Alexander Hamilton. 

While reading law he was appointed clerk of 
the Police Court, then called Recorders' Court, 
for two \ears; was elected clerk of the Board of 
Aldermen. In 1857 he was elected city attor- 
nev, and re-elected in LS.VS. In 18(>() he was 
elected a member of the City Council for the 
term of two years, and re-elected in 18()2 for 
the same term. He was elected to the State 
Senate in the fall of 18(!2, and in 18()(> was re- 
elected to the State Senate. In 1<S7() he was 
elected judge of the Probate Court, and has 
been re-elected at the expiration of each term of 
office ever since, and is now holding the office 
for the sixth term. 

Judge Woerner is l)y all odds the most pojju- 
lar and most efficient probate judge this city 
has ever had. He was splendidly equipped for 
the discharge of the duties of that office when 
first elected, and he has since given that im- 
portant branch of the law careful and ex- 
haustive study. He has prepared and published 
a treatise on the law of estates and administra- 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOC/S. 



tion, called " The American Law of Administra- 
tion,"' which is regarded by the courts and 
legal profession throughout the countr>- as a 
standard and a most \aluable anthorit\- upon 
the subject. 

For a number of years Judge Woerner has 
been a contributor to leading law journals, be- 
sides writing extensively for the general press. 
After his return from Europe he wrote a serial, 
entitled " Die Sklavin," which ran through the 
German Tribune in 1850-51, and which was 
afterwards published in book form and had a 
large sale. In 1870 he wrote a German play 
bearing the same title as his book, but different 
in plot and action, which had quite a run in the 
theaters of this and other western cities. 

Although he has held public office for many 
years and enjoys, to a marked degree, the esteem 
and confidence of the people. Judge Woerner 
has never mingled extensively with the masses. 
When not occupied in the discharge of his official 
duties, he has given his time to stud\- and liter- 
ary work. By this, it must not be understood 
that he is exclusive and out of touch or sym- 
pathy with the masses of the people, for he is 
not. He is one of the most genial and compan- 
ionable of men, kind-hearted and generous; but 
his life has been too busy a one, and his official 
and literary labors too exacting, to permit him 
to give a large sliare of his time to outside 
matters. 

Possessing a metaphysical and philosophical 
tiirn of mind, it was only natural that he should 
be one of the founders and promoters of the 
Philosophical Society of St. Louis, and foremost 
in ad\-ancing all movements tending to a higher 
education of the people. 

Judge Woerner's wife, to whom he was mar- 
ried in this cit\-, November Ki, 1852, was Miss 
Knielie Plass. She was the daughter of P'red- 
erick W. and Henrietta (Teyssen) Plass, and, 
like her husband, was a native of Germany. 
They have four children living — Rose (wife of 
Benjamin W. Mcllvaine); Ella (wife of Chas. 
Gildehaus ) ; Alice ( wife of Sylvester C. Judge ) , 
and William P., who is practicing law in this 
citv. 



HOSPES, RiCH.\RD, one of the leading men in 
banking circles of St. Louis, is the son of Con- 
rad and Lydia (Schrader) Hospes. He is a na- 
tive Missourian, having been born in St. Charles 
county on Christmas day, 1838. His parents 
brought him to St. Louis when he was quite 
young, and he attended the public schools of 
this cit}- until he was sixteen years of age, when 
it became necessary for him to obtain his own 
li\elihood. He obtained a position in the Ger- 
man Savings Institution as messenger, and at 
once attracted the attention of his employers by 
his industr\- and general good sense. At the 
first opportunity he was promoted to a more 
suitable position, and as a clerk proved himself 
an excellent mathematician and a thoroughly 
reliable man. Step by step he gradually 
mounted the ladder until he became cashier of 
the institution, a position he now occupies. 

Mr. Hospes is regarded by the banking frater- 
nity of St. Louis as an exceptionalh' safe man. 
He is the personal friend of every customer at 
the bank, and conducts business between them 
and his employers so conrteoush' and well that 
the relations between the bank and those keep- 
ing accounts there are uniformly agreeable. He 
devotes his energies with unremitting care to 
the interest of the bank, where he is to be found 
whenever needed. 

For thirty-nine years Mr. Hospes has been 
connected with the German Savings Institution, 
which may now be looked upon as one of the 
most solid banks in the city. Too much credit 
can scarcely be given to him for his work in the 
building up of the bank, which work is thor- 
oughly appreciated by the directors and stock- 
holders. Since he commenced work in it in a 
humble capacity he has seen it grow from a 
comparatively small bank to a financial institu- 
tion of its present magnitude; and no small part 
of the .success which this institution has 
achieved is due to the prudence, business tact 
and strong good sense of the man who has been 
identified with it for a life-time, and occupies in 
it the responsible position of cashier. Mr. 
Hospes is a man of family, lia\ing six able and 
intelligent children. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



\m 



Maxon, John H., one of the men to whom 
t. Louis is indebted for its magnificent street 
ir equipment and rapid transit superiority, is 
3out sixty years of age, having been born in 
ensselaer county, New York, in 183-±. He is 
le son of Joseph Stillman and Elizabeth ( Vars ) 
[axon, and through his father he traces his 
icestry back to the first white boy born on the 
;le of Newport, Rhode Island. This was John 
[axon, who was born in KIHS, and to whom 
as born a son of similar name in 1701. John 
[axon, Jr., was the father of David Maxon, 
hose son Asa, born in 1748, was the grand- 
ther of the subject of this sketch. 

Young Mr. IVIaxon was educated in the district 
:hools of New York, and then electing to become 
civil engineer he took a course of instruction 
I the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, of New 
ork. After leaving college he located at 
leveland, Ohio, working in the office of the 
ty engineer and taking an active part in the 
)nstruction of the railroads centering in that 
ty. A few years before the war he was 
^pointed surveyor-general under General Cal- 
oun, and was employed .surveying government 
.nds in Kansas and Nebraska soon after their 
rst organization. 

The outbreak of the war terminating this 
■ork, he secured a position as an engineer in 
le gold fields of Colorado, and in 18(31 he com- 
lenced the transportation of merchandise into 
olorado and Utah, especially to western niili- 
iry posts. It was uecessar\- at that time to 
ross the Rockies with o.xen and mule trains, 
nd it was quite common for Mr. Maxon to 
ccompany them himself. Finding there was 
n immense demand for bacon on the west- 
ni frontier, he formed a partnership, in 18t5;'), 
■ith Mr. Robert Hawke, of Nebraska City, Ne- 
raska, and established a packing hou.se. This 
,'as located at East Nebraska, Iowa, and was 
lie first packing house of its kind west of the 
lissouri river. 

In l'S()(i he represented Nebra.ska State in the 
legislature, and he helped to frame the first 
onstitution. In the meantime his business 
entures were verv successful and he continued 



in the packing business until the firm was dis- 
solved in 1X77. Eleven )ears prior to this he 
had mo\ed his residence to St. Louis, in which 
city he has since been looked upon as one of its 
most valued and respected citizens. In 1870 
he became president of the Lindell Railway 
Company, and for seventeen years was the active 
manager of this important railway system, his 
associates including such men as Judge Light- 
ner and William A. Hargadine. 

When he took hold of the business the stock 
was practically worthless, but in 1888 he dis- 
posed of the line at about two hundred cents on 
the dollar of the nominal value of that stock. 
Mr. Maxon was the first man to introduce into 
St. Louis electricity as a motive power for street 
railroads. Bringing from Europe a storage bat- 
tery, he ran it for some months on the Lindell 
road, long before the trolley system was adopted. 
.\ careful trial convinced him that the storage 
battery, as then developed, was not suitable for 
the traffic of this city, with its great variation 
and heavy grades. He accordingly determined 
to try the trolley, and secured the first franchise 
in this city for an over-head wire electric road; 
and he is thus fairly entitled to be described as 
the father of the magnificent system of trans- 
portation which makes St. Louis a source of 
congratulation from citizens of so many other 
points. 

Mr. ]Maxon has also been connected with sev- 
eral other local institutions. He has been a 
director of the Commercial Bank for twenty 
years and its vice-president for ten years. He 
is president of the Robert B. Brown Oil Com- 
pany, and vice-president of N. K. Fairbank 
Company, whose factories are situated in St. 
Louis, Chicago, Montreal and New York. .\s 
police commissioner he made an excellent rec- 
ord, but resigned his office before his term ex- 
l)ired. In politics he is a Democrat, and his 
chief ability is his ability to nranage men and 
mold public opinion. In private life he is kind, 
courteous, and has a whole host of personal 
friends. 

He married on January 1, 18.')W, Miss Mattie 
Anderson, of Virginia, and has had five cliil- 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



dren, three of whom — Nella, Lucia and Reta — 
are living. 

Turner, Thomas Theodore, son of Henry 
S. and Julia M. ( Hunt) Turner, was born in a 
house that stood on the corner of Seventh and 
Olive streets, St. Louis, on October 23, 1842. 
He was educated in the primary schools of this 
city, afterward taking several courses at the St. 
Louis L^ni versify, and leaving there to travel 
in Europe. Shortly after reaching the conti- 
nent he entered the Jesuit college at Namur, 
Belgium, where he took the full three years' 
course, coming out of it with a finished educa- 
tion, and fully prepared to make his own way 
in the world. He returned to his native land 
after graduating from the Namur college, but 
still considered his education incomplete with- 
out a technical or professional training, and act- 
ing on that conviction he entered the Virginia 
Military Institute, intending to enter the army. 

He continued his attendance at the institute 
until about the time of John Brown's raid, when 
he was transferred to the L^nited States Naval 
Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. He kept up 
his studies until 1861, when, the war of the 
rebellion breaking out, he gave his allegiance 
to the cause of the South, and quickly changed 
the comparatively easy life of the training-school 
for the privations of the march and the rough 
usage of active service. He was attached as an 
aid-de-camp to the staff of General R. S. Evvell, 
with whom he served until captured by Phil 
Sheridan, with Ewell's entire command, at Sail- 
or's Creek, Virginia. 

Mr. Turner, with a number of his comrades 
in arms, was first confined in the old Capitol 
prison at Washington, and then transferred to 
Johnson's Island. In this prison he remained 
until the surrender of Lee, when he with other 
prisioners was released on parole and returned 
to St. Louis. 

His first venture was at farming, for having 
purchased a farm near St. Louis, he removed 
thereto and applied himself to the science of 
agriculture until 1883, in which year he returned 
to St. Louis and entered the real estate business. 



being convinced that that line was a quicker 
and easier road to success than was agriculture. 
He opened an office with his brother, C. H. 
Turner, and the firm as thus constituted is in 
existence to-day as one of the leading real estate 
companies of the city. ^Ir. Turner has nevei 
forgotten his farming experience and is a pro- 
moter of racing and a lover of fine horses, and 
is therefore one of the most acti\-e members o1 
the Jockey Club. 

^Ir. Turner was married October 10, 18(>-4, tc 
Miss Harriet vS. Brown, daughter of a promineni 
citizen of Nashville, Tennessee, with wiiom h« 
became acquainted while wearing the uniform o 
gray and fighting for the lost cause. The unioi 
has been a happy one and has been blessed b\ 
a large family of bright and promising children 
their names being Lizinka C, Julia M., Am 
Lucas, Harriet S., Mary T., Rebecca E., Theo 
dore H., Henry S. and Arthur C. 

Mr. Turner is a man uncommouh' well en 
dowed mentally and a possessor of a valuablt 
fund of what is known as common sense, auc 
as such qualifications are most important elementi 
of success in any vocation, the causes of his sue 
cess are apparent. He is well adapted to th< 
business he has chosen, being of cool and pene 
trating judgment, conservative with penetrating 
conceptions, and inclined to weigh carefnlh 
and look at every matter from every possibh 
point of view. He is generous, liberal, anc 
in all respects a man of great force of character 

HiSE, William L., is another New En 
glander who has distinguished himself in th( 
annals of St. Louis, and who by his busines; 
ability and enterprise has more than justified tlu 
confidence placed in him by his associates. IS 
strictly liberal-minded man, Mr. Huse, althongi 
a Republican in politics and a very earnest 
believer in the principles of his party, ha> 
avoided anything bordering upon partisanship 
and although the excellent record he made a;- 
mayor of Peru, Illinois, several years ago ha< 
led to his being asked repeatedly to run foi 
ofHce in St. Louis, he has always declined. 

Mr. Hu.se was born in Danville, Vermont, or 



niOCRAPHICAl. APPENDIX. 



201 



laroli !t, l.s;'.:.. His father, .Mr. Joli 
aiiie of a family the members of \vh 
icipated in the war of the Revolution, 



Huse 



■11 par- 
md his 

grandfather on his mother's side, Mr. Ira Colby, 
ook part in the battle of Ticonderoga, under 
ithaii Allen. When William was only seven 
•ears of age his parents moved to the village on 
he shore of Lake Michigan, which then had 
ibout five thousand inhabitants, but which has 
ince grown into the great cit}' of Chicago. He 
vas educated in the public schools, and when 
ibout seventeen 
•ears of age entered 
he grocery estab- 
ishinent of H. G. 
voomis as clerk. 
Phree years later his 
)bvious ability and 
ndustry attracted 
he attention of the 
orwarding and com- 
nission firm of I. D. 
iarmon & C o m - 
)any, whose head- 
luarters were in 
^eru, Illinois. Then 
L city of first impor- 
ance. 

This firm offered 
lim a position of 
rust which he ac- 
;epted, and his zeal 
m behalf of his em- 
)loyers was soon williaiv 

nanifest. Even at 

his early age he was entrusted with a steamer 
unning on the Illinois river and given entire 
■harge of the boat. This gave him facilities 
or earning more than absolutely retiuired for 
lis daily wants, and in l.s.'.S ht- had saved 
Miough iiuiiK y t<i ao<|uire possession of a steamer 
iiid enter upon the transportation business him- 
lelf. Hy the lime he was twcnty-fi\e he owned 
hree steamers and was able to sell out his busi- 
less at a good profit. 

In the spring of the following year, l.sill, he 
)rganized the firm of Huse, Loomis & Comijaiu 




in St. Louis, and commenced business in ice 
and transportation on a larger scale. For nine- 
teen years the firm continued as first organized, 
and its efforts were crowned with the most 
marked success. In 1?<8() it was deemed advis- 
able, in consequence of the immense interests of 
the house, to incorporate under the laws of the 
State, and the firm became merged into the 
Huse & Loomis Ice and Transportation Com- 
pau)-, with Mr. Huse as president. The com- 
pany's capital is $.').')(), (100, and its founder 
owns a controlling 
interest. The house 
owns e n o r m o u s 
storage houses a t 
\- a r i o n s desirable 
points on the Mis- 
si.ssippi and Illinois 
rivers, whence ice is 
brought down to St. 
Louis and other 
points on the river 
i 11 the company's 
own boats. 

During the seven- 
ties Mr. Huse re- 
sided in Peru, Illi- 
nois and served for 
two years as mayor 
of that city. His 
interests, and those 
of the company in 
that town, are enor- 
mous, the annual 
harvest at that point 
var\ing from seventy-five thousand to a hundred 
thousand tons. At Alton still more business is 
done, and both at Beardstown and Louisiana an 
immense amoiint of ice is cut every year. The 
coin])aii\' emploxs more than twi) thousand men 
to gather in this harvest of ice, and the extent 
of its operations is unique. 

Mr. Huse has other interests of considerable 
importance. He is president of the Union 
Dairy Comi)any, whose capital is $300, 0(K), and 
which has done an immense amount of good 
work fur St. Louis by furni.shing a con.stant sup- 



2(12 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



ply of the purest milk and dairy products. He 
is also president of the Creve Coeur Lake Ice 
Company, and a director and stockholder in the 
Crystal Plate Glass Company, the Boatmen's 
Bank, the St. Louis Trust Company, and the 
Peru City Plow and Wheel Company. He is 
also connected with other St. Louis enterprises, 
and is a past president of the St. Louis Com- 
mercial Club, an exclusive organization with 
about sixty members, all of them prominent and 
influential men. He is connected with the 
church of the Messiah, and his home life is a 
remarkably happy one. 

Mr. Huse married in l.'S(ir) a daughter of the 
Reverend Harvey Brown, of New York City. 
Mr. Brown was a prominent preacher in the 
Methodist denomination, having resided in 
Illinois while active missionary work was being 
done in that State. Both Mr. and Mrs. Huse 
are fond of traveling and have enjoyed European 
and other tours of considerable extent. Another 
hobby of Mr. Huse is the raising of fine horses, 
his stock farm in Peru being one of the best in 
the State. His favorite and most speedy horse 
was Tom Wonder, whose record was 2:2(i. 

CR.A.M, George T., came of that hardy New 
England stock which has furnished the pioneers 
in the civilization and development of this 
country, moulding its thovights and shaping its 
politics. His parents were Samuel T. and 
Sallie D. (Jennings) Cram, of Meridith, New 
Hampshire, where he was born September 17, 
1834. He was educated in his native State. 
After leaving school he spent ten years in Amos- 
keag Mills, at Manchester, working in every 
branch and mastering every detail of the busi- 
ness, going, as he himself expressed it, "from 
l)ottom to to]).'" 

At the breaking out of the rebellion in LSCil, 
he entered the army as second-lieutenant of 
Company K, First New Hampshire Cavalr>-. 
When the war closed he came west, locating in 
St. Louis in IXIiti, and at once became closely 
and prominently identified with the business 
and financial interests of this city. In 18t)S he 
became secretary, and in 187() president of the 



American Central Insurance Company; treas- 
urer and one of the board of directors of the 
Central Trust Company, and president of the 
Third National Bank, all of which positions he 
still holds. 

He married Miss Carrie Trowbridge, of New- 
ton, Massachusetts, February, 18(>9, and has 
two children — George A. and Frank B. 

Nelson, Lewis C, was born in Boonville, 
Missouri, September 18, 1850. His mother be- 
fore her marriage was Margaret J. Wyan, and 
his father was a well-known and prominent 
figure for many years in central Missouri, a part 
of the State that has produced many noble men. 
He made his mark as a business man and finan- 
cier, and from him the son has inherited his 
talent in that line. He was a thorough belie\er 
in the advantages of a good education, and pro- 
vided with ample means as he was, he gave all 
his children a liberal education, and Lewis C. 
was not slow to seize the opportunities thus 
offered. He acquired the foundation elements 
of an excellent education in the public and 
other schools of his native town, and besides 
possesses the advantage of a double collegiate 
education, for after several years spent at the 
State University at Columbia, he entered Yale 
from which he graduated in lS(i,S, being then 
nineteen years old. 

When he returned from college he was given 
a position in the Central^ National Bank of 
Boonville, a bank his father had done much to 
create, and of which he was president. Start- 
ing in as a clerk he at once demonstrated his 
capacity and aptitude for financial or banking 
affairs, with the result that in 1872, just after 
he had turned his twenty-first year, he went to 
the busy town of F'ort Scott, Kansas, and or- 
ganized the First National Bank, an institution 
that is still prosperously alive. But, like all 
young men of high aspirations, he desired a 
more ambitious field of endeavor than was offered 
by a country town; so in 1877, when he was of- 
fered the cashiership of the \'alle}- National 
Bank of St. Louis, he accepted. 

His ambition expanded as his opportunities 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



208 



creased, and after acting as cashier of this 
ink for two years he resigned and organized 
id established the honse of Nelson & Noel, 
inkers and brokers. Mr. Nelson continued at 
le head of this business for nine years, during 
lat time making it one of the recognized solid 
lancial institutions of St. Louis, and building 
np to a splendid condition of prosperity, but 
I 1888 he was compelled to withdraw on ac- 
mnt of ill health. As the one means of rest- 
ig his strength, he was advised by his physi- 
ans to seek a change of air and scene, and 
xordingly for the space of two years after his 
itirement he traveled constantly, and visited 
sarly every civilized country on the globe. 

He rettirned to St. Louis with his health 
reatly improved; and as a man of his energy 
id financial ability is always in great demand, 
I January, IHJtO, he was elected to the presi- 
ency of the St. Louis National Bank, a position 
e yet retains. Mr. Nelson undoubtedly holds 
place as one of the most able financiers in St. 
onis. He is a man of careful business nieth- 
Is, fully looking at all matters of finance from 
/ery point of view, but when he has once 
;ached a determination he acts with decision 
lid courage. He has been very successful as a 
anker, and as he is still a young man, those 
'ho know him expect him to accomplish great 
lings in the financial world. He has not yet 
cached the zenith of his power, but has niani- 
;sted in an intensified form many of the charac- 
?ristics that raised his father to a position of 
ifluence and wealth. 

Mr. Nelson has been married twice; in IST;!, 
) Miss Alice Estill, daughter of Colonel J. K. 
)still, a member of a very prominent Howard 
ounty family. Mrs. Nel.son dying in the same 
ear, two years later he contracted a marriage 
'ith Miss Louise Eleanor Bradford, daughter of 
Irs. Lavina Bradford, of Saline county, Mis- 
3uri. This last marriage has been blessed by 
ne child, a son, now fifteen ^■ears old. 

Oliver, Fikldinc. \V., was born in Cincin- 
ati; Ohio, September 24, 18r)8, his grandfather 
eing the third white man born in the State of 



Ohio. His father. Judge M. W. Oliver, was an 
able lawyer of Cincinnati, and had many honors 
conferred on him by his fellow-citizens, serving 
two terms as judge of the Court of Common 
Pleas, and a like number of terms in the State 
Senate. His mother, Anna (Gere), was a na- 
tive of Massachusetts, a member of a prominent 
Puritan family. The subject of this sketch had 
his early education in the jjublic schools of his 
native city, and at the age of fourteen attended 
a preparatory school at Freehold, New Jersey, 
for two years, when he entered Princeton Col- 
lege, at the age of sixteen. On graduating in 
ISTil he returned to his home, where after re- 
maining a year he started west to seek his 
fortune. Visiting St. Louis, and liking the 
surroundings, having confidence in its future, 
he decided to make it his home. Through the 
influence of his friends he obtained the position 
of cashier of the St. Louis Bolt & Iron Com- 
pany. Having acquired a holding of the .stock 
of this corporation, he was, on the retirement of 
the old treasurer, elected his successor, which 
position he has retained ever since. In addi- 
to his connection with the Tudor Iron Works, 
the successors of the St. Louis Bolt & Iron 
Company, Mr. Oliver is secretary and treasurer 
of the Valley Steel Company, and a director of 
the Third National Bank. He is a member of 
the Merchants' Exchange, and the University 
and Noonday clubs. 

On October i;^, 1H!SI, Mr. Oliver was married 
to Miss Anne Williamson, youngest daughter 
of A. W. Williamson, of his native city. Three 
cliildreu have blessed the union. 

DuRAXT, (iKORdK K. — Tliat the general man- 
agership of a vast system of telephones and 
wires, such as that of the Bell Telephone Com- 
])any in St. Louis, is a most difficult position to 
fill satisfactorily, must be known by everybody 
who has even a superficial knowledge t)f the 
difficulties, yet (rcorge F. Dnrant has occupied 
this thankless ]jlacf for niau\- years, and has 
discharged the duties of the office with admi- 
rable tact and ability, and the company's expan- 
sion and growth since 1.S77, when he took 



204 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



cliarge, have won for him the _<a;enuiiie appre- 
ciation of his superiors. 

Mr. Durant was born at Jersey City, in 1.S42, 
and is the son of Chas. F. Durant, a man of 
many scientific attainments, who has left to the 
scientific world a most interesting work on the 
"Algae of New York Bay and Harbor." His 
mother was Miss Elizabeth Hamilton Freeland, 
of Xew York. After he had completed his edu- 
cation, which he recei\ed from the schools of 
Jerse)- Cit\', young George, who early developed 
electrical tastes, was made superintendent of the 
fire alarm and telegraph system of his native 
city, which he successfully conducted for two 
years. After this he went to Lima, South 
America, contracting to put in a fire alarm and 
telegraph system, and remaining two years. 

Returning, he was made superintendent of the 
American District Telegraph Company, of New 
York, a position he held until 1.S74, when he 
came to St. Louis and organized the American 
District Telegraph Company. When this com- 
pany obtained control of the Bell Telephone, 
Mr. Durant became general manager. 

TuHOLSKE, Dr. Hf:rman. — A physician, 
whose reputation for skill and scientific attain- 
ment extends far beyond the confines of his own 
State, and who, although yet in the prime of 
life, is a practitioner of the ripest experience 
and a leader and discoverer in his chosen field, 
is the subject of this biograpln-, who was born 
in Prussia, in the city of Berlin, March 27, 
1S4.S. He is the son of Newman and Johanna 
( Arnfeld ) Tuholske, and while a youth received 
the best classical education the Berlin Gymna- 
sium could give. His education completed, he 
followed the example of many of his country- 
men and came to America. 

Coming to St. Louis he located and shortly 
afterward entered the Missouri Medical College, 
from which he was graduated and gi\eu his 
degree in l!S(i;i. He was fully impressed with 
the advantages offered in medical instruction by 
the schools of the European capitals, and shortly 
after his graduation from the Missouri Medical 
College he returned to Europe, where he received 



the benefit of post-graduate lectures at the most 
renowned schools of Vienna, Berlin, London and 
Paris. Thus he acquired the first requisites of 
a successful physician — a good general and tech- 
nical education, and he therefore returned to St. 
Louis and began a career as a practitioner of 
medicine and surgery which has been a most 
active and successful one. 

In June, ISTd, he was appointed physician of 
the vSt. Louis City Disj^ensary, and the reforms 
and growth he there instituted were most compli- 
mentary to his energetic administrative abilit\ . 
When he assumed charge the institution treated 
2, ;")()() patients a year. Under his administra- 
tion the dispensary was enlarged and its methods 
of work changed. The ambulance system was 
organized, an assistant day and night physician 
appointed, and during the five years, up to 
l^TT), when he resigned, the institution had 
treated 40, ()()() patients. During his ser\-ice as 
dispensary physician he also had charge of the 
Quarantine Hospital, and during the small-pox 
epidemic of 1X72, 2,500 small-pox patients were 
examined and sent to various hospitals. During 
the period he was dispensary physician he was 
also examining surgeon to the police force and 
jail physician, but resigned all these ofiices in 
1875, to devote his whole time to private prac- 
tice, the volume of which, even in that day, 
had increased to proportions that made him one 
of the busiest physicians of the city. In 1873 
the Missouri Medical College elected him pro- 
fessor and demonstrator of anatomy, a place he 
held for ten years, or until called to the chair of 
surgery, a place he yet holds. 

In 1882 he was one of the prime movers in 
the organization and erection of the building 
and hospital of the St. Louis Post-Graduate 
School of Medicine, the first structure of the 
kind e\er built in this country. Doctors P. ( i. 
Robinson, Michel, Steele, Hardawa\-, (Glasgow, 
Spencer and Engelman, who with him consti- 
tute the faculty of the college, were his assist- 
ants in this enterprise. He also actively engaged 
in the agitation which resulted in the State 
Board of Health demanding a higher educa- 
tional standard and three years' attendance at 




^^^^^ 



BH HiRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



■ctiires i)f those iiitendint; ti) practice medicine 
r surjrery. 

Dr. Tuholske is connected with a g;reat nnm- 
er of medical and surgical societies. He is a 
erpetnal member of the American Medical 
.ssociation, member of the Southern Surgical 
nd Gynjecological Society, the St. Louis Med- 
;al Society, the St. Louis Medico-Chirurgical 
ociety, the St. Louis Surgical Society, and is 
ti honorary member of the Southwest Missouri 
tate Medical Association. He is consulting 
irgeon to the City and Female hospitals, and 
le South Side Dispensary, surgeon to the Post- 
rraduate Medical College Hospital, one of the 
irgeons to the Martha Parsons' Free Hospital 
)r Children, surgeon in charge of the St. Louis 
urgical and Gyncecological Hospital, and sur- 
eon, with the rank of major, to the First Regi- 
lent of Missouri. Besides the chair which he 
olds in the Missouri Medical College, he is 
Iso professor of surgery in the Post-fxraduate 
chool of Medicine. 

In IxiHi Dr. Tuholske established an institu- 
on whicli embodies every improved idea and 
ppliance in the treatment of surgical cases. It 
i called the St. Louis Surgical and Gynseco- 
)gical Hospital and is located in a beautiful 
uildiug at Locust and Jefferson avenue. The 
istitutiou is private, belonging to Dr. Tuholske, 
nd no expense has been spared in making the 
ospital a model of its kind, its operating room 
eing visited and admired by many surgeons 
,'ho visit the city. There the doctor, aided by 
is assistants, treats all cases of operative sur- 
ery personaJly; and his skill as an operator in 
ifTicult cases of abdominal surgery constantly 
dds to his reputation and fame. Only surgical 
nd gyntecological cases are received at the 
ospital. The doctor is an author in the field 
f medicine and surgery, and his articles in a 
umber of surgical journals and other publica- 
ious are rated as valuable contributions to the 
iterature of medical, surgical and kindred sci- 



Dr. Tuhdiske was uui 
)ophie Kpstein, of St. Lt 
lecame his helpmate. 



Mi 



Davls, John- T., who was cut off in his prime 
on .\pril IHth of this year, has been well 
described by an impartial writer as a magnificent 
type of western manhood, and as one who, 
although in the possession of great wealth, was 
never known to make use of his money for an 
improper purpose, and who in all his dealings 
was the very soul of honor. ( )ne of the first 
wholesale merchants of the city, whose impor- 
tance as a wholesale and jobbing center can 
scarcely be overrated, Mr. Davis was always 
foremost in his efforts to maintain the good 
name of the city and to secure for those purchas- 
ing their supplies here the most absolutely fair 
treatment. He was one of the most loyal men 
in the city, and when four years ago it was 
decided to make an effort to secure the holding 
of the World's Fair in St. Louis, he promptly 
subscribed for fifty thousand dollars' worth of 
stock in the proposed St. I^ouis World's Fair 
Association. 

In every other movement designed to benefit 
.St. Louis Mr. Da\'is was always to the front, 
both with his check-book and with his services, 
and so well advised were his actions that it is 
doubtful whether his assistance was not some- 
times of even greater value than his jDrincely 
donations. His love for the Washington Uni- 
versity was always ob\-ious, and his work on 
behalf of the St. Louis Club, of which he was 
president for ele\en years, is too well known to 
need enlarging upon. The Security Building, 
in man}- respects the finest office building in the 
world, was erected largely owing to his efforts, 
and his policy of thoroughness is apparent on 
every story and in every room in that building. 

Mr. Davis was a St. Lonisan by birth as well 
as instinct. He was born in this city on Sep- 
tember 13, 1844, being the second sou of Mr. 
Samuel C. Davis, the practical founder of the 
firmof S. C. Davis &. Company, one of the largest 
wholesale dry goods establishments in the West. 
-Mr. S. C. Davis had another son, named after 
him, I)nl the death of this gi-ntk-nian, early in 
llio seventies, left .Mr. Jnlii, T. Davis the head 
of the younger <jeneratiun. Mr. John T. I)a\is 
was educated at the Washington Universitv, 



2iM 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



where he graduated at the age of nineteen. He 
then entered his father's establishment and in 
18(5!) was made a partner, the firm then consist- 
ing of Messrs. Samuel C. Davis, Andrew W. 
Sproule and John T. Davis. On the death of the 
first named, Mr. Davis became practically the 
sole proprietor of the house, which since the year 
1852 has been known as Samuel C. Davis tv: 
Company. When Mr. John T. was admitted to 
partnership there were grocery, shoe and other 
departments, but these were abandoned in 1872, 
and the entire energies of the firm were devoted 
to dr^■ goods. 

In addition to his important trade interests 
Mr. Davis was very largely interested in realty. 
Some of his investments in Chicago, New York 
and Boston have proved exceptionally success- 
ful, though the bulk of his interests were in this 
citv. He was first vice-president of the St. 
Louis Trust Company, vice-president of the 
State Bank, president of the Security Building 
Association, a director in the 'Frisco road and 
the holder of an immense interest in the Ten- 
nessee Midland and the Paducah, Tennessee 
and Alabama railroads. He was one of the 
founders of the St. Louis Trust Company, and 
was one of the largest, if not actually its largest, 
stockholders. His work in connection with the 
Security Building erection has already been 
mentioned. Among other works of improve- 
ment the erection of the edifice on Broadway 
and Washington avenue, in l'S7;i, must be spe- 
cially referred to. This building cost more than 
half a million dollars, and is one of the best 
equipped wholesale establishments in the coun- 
try. At the time of his death he was erecting 
a magnificent house in Westmoreland place, a 
palatial home which would have been ready for 
his occupation this summer, had he been spared 
as long as that. Mr. Davis also owned prop- 
erty, and had conducted extensive building 
operations, on vSixth street, between Carr and 
Biddle; on Lucas place; on Broadway, between 
O'Fallon and Dickson; and on (irand avenue, 
Laclede avenue. Forest Park boulevard and 
elsewhere. Much of the building work in 
Washington Universitv is also due to Mr. Davis' 



liberality. He had a habit of making princely 
donations to this institution in the quiet, unos- 
tentatious manner which actuated all his good 
work, and on the day succeeding his death the 
directors of the university met and passed reso- 
lutions of the deepest possible regret and of the 
warmest sympathy. "The lo.ss to the institu- 
tion has been a most serious one," said the 
president, "Mr. Davis was a son of the univer- 
sity. Prepared in the academy he entered the 
college iu 1859, and was graduated in the class 
of 1863. During the thirty years which have 
elapsed he has been a consistent friend of the 
institution, and a wise friend and counselor in 
all its work. He became a member of the 
Board of Directors December 15, 1871, a member 
of the Board of Control of the Art School at the 
time it was created a distinct department of the 
university, and has been a most generous and 
willing benefactor in the work of both." 

Mr. Davis married on February 20, l,S(i7, 
Miss Maria J. Filley, daughter of Mr. Oliver D. 
Filley, one of the ex-mayors of St. Louis. ]\Irs. 
Davis had three sons, who are still living. John 
T. Davis, Jr., the oldest son, is twenty-six years 
of age, and he graduated from Harvard five 
years ago. He is now a partner and practically 
the principal owner of the establishment of 
S. C. Davis & Company. The second son, 
named after his grandfather, is twenty-two 
years of age. He graduated last year and is 
now traveling abroad. The youngest son, who 
is fourteen, is attending the Smith Academy. 

Mr. Davis' death was a great surprise to the 
community. He was a man apparently of the 
most vigorous health, absolutely free from indul- 
gence of every kind, and would have been looked 
upon to within two weeks of his death as a man 
likely to live at least another thirty years. 
About three weeks from his final breakdown he 
suffered a slight indisposition, but it was not 
until three or four days prior to his death that 
any anxiety was felt. The final news was her- 
alded as a local calamity, and several institu- 
tions with which he was connected convened 
special meetings in order to place on record an 
official statement of regret and respect. 



Bit KiRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



2(1 



The St. Louis Club resolutions were excep- 
tionally pathetic, and were as follows: 

"To the members of the St. Louis Club the 
loss of our friend is especially trying and painful. 
For many years he was its presiding officer; 
being elected vice-president in 1880, he was the 
following year made president and was succes- 
sively re-elected to the position eleven times, 
thus having been at the head of the club three- 
fourths of the time of its existence. During 
all this time no word of complaint was ever 
made as to his conduct in the discharge of the 
duties of the office; always polite and winning 
in manner, he made friends of all, not only in 
our club, but among our citizens of all classes. 
Born to wealth, which he used with wise dis- 
cretion and liberality, he never showed by his 
manner to even the humblest person anything 
but the fullest appreciation of the common 
brotherhood of humanity. Nothing affecting 
the welfare of our club, of our c\ty or its benev- 
Dlent institutions came up for notice without 
receiving from him a cordial attention and almost 
uniformly substantial aid. Fortunate in his do- 
mestic life to an uncommon degree, having the 
confidence and love of his associates, sustaining 
a moral character unstained and spotless, he 
lived a life and left a reputation that all might 
envy and desire, and an example worthy to be 
followed. In respect for his memory, it is or- 
dered that the club house be closed on the day 
of his funeral; that the board of governors at- 
tend it; that we extend our profound sympathy 
to his family in their sad bereavement, and a 
copy of these proceedings be sent to them." 

The State Bank directors expressed their 
feelings with equal delicacy. 

RowsE, Ed\v.\ri) S., president of the St. 
Louis Commercial Club, is one of the leading 
financiers of the city, and capital furnished 
by and through him has led to the erection of 
several of the finest office and manufacturing 
buildings to be found in any part of it. As the 
resident financial and real estate agent of the 
Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, 
Mr. Rowse several years ago commenced to in- 



augurate the plan of advancing large sums of 
money on Missouri and St. Louis property by 
eastern corporations. The example which he 
and his principals set has since been very gener- 
ally copied, but the fact remains that it was not 
until Mr. Rowse became interested in the 
matter that loans on a wholesale scale were 
placed in this section of the country by eastern 
insurance and other corporations. 

The subject of this sketch has personally 
negotiated loans to the extent of twenty million 
dollars, and it is interesting to note in this con- 
nection that not a single foreclosure has been 
necessary, and that every loan has proved to be 
a thoroughly "good" one. As a real estate 
agent Mr. Rowse has been entrusted with some 
of the most important deals ever recorded in 
this city, and the respect entertained for him by 
his clients and those with whom they have done 
business, is a better index to his character and 
worth than any other that can be thought of. 

Mr. Rowse is of Puritan descent, the an- 
cestors of his mother, who was formerh- Miss 
Elizabeth T. Dorr, having settled in Massachu- 
setts two hundred and fifty years ago. He was 
born in New York City, on January ti, 1880, but 
when he was but only three years of age his 
father, Mr. Richard Rowse, died; and Mrs. 
Rowse with her infant .son moved to Watertown, 
a suburb of Boston. It was in this place that 
Edward's early education was obtained, although 
almost from infancy he had to work on a farm 
during the summer, and only attended school in 
the winter months. When about sixteen years 
of age he was apprenticed to a carpenter, but at 
the age of twenty he decided that there was not 
sufficient scope in the work, and he accordingly 
entered upon mercantile life, obtaining a posi- 
tion as book-keeper in a wholesale boot and 
shoe house at Boston. 

Being naturally of an economical disposition 
he saved a large portion of his small earnings, and 
in 18r)8 he took advantage of an opportunity to 
go into business and invested his savings to 
good advantage. During the war Mr. Rowse 
turned his eyes westward, and in 18(52 he ob- 
tained a position in the Paymaster's Department 



208 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



of the Federal (Toveruineut in this city. In 
April of the following j'ear he connected himself 
with General John S. Cavender, and the real 
estate and brokerage business of Cavender & 
Rowse was formed. The young partner gave 
his whole attention and energy to the business, 
and although the partnership was established at 
a time when the war made investments uninvit- 
ing, considerable business was done and the 
firm established an excellent connection. j\Ir. 
Rowse, some years later, became the financial 
correspondent of the Connecticut Mutual and 
for the last ten years he has had entire charge 
of the financial affairs in Missouri of that im- 
portant institution. 

In 18«t) General Cavender died, and Mr. 
Rowse continued in business in his own name. 
He has continued to increa.se his connections as 
well as the extent and importance of his trans- 
actions, and is regarded as one of the safest real 
estate advisers and managers in the West. 

He is a director of the St. Louis Trust Com- 
pany and of several other corporations, besides 
being one of the managers of the Washington 
University. In politics he is a Republican, 
and a reformer. He served for eight years on 
the St. Louis city Council at a most important 
period in the city's history. As chairman of 
the committee on public improvements ]\Ir. 
Rowse heartily co-operated with the Commercial 
Club and the Street Commissioner in their 
determination to obtain first-class streets for St. 
Louis; and he is one of the three men to whom 
St. Louis is really indebted in the main for her 
splendid granite pavements. 

Mr. Rowse is not now actively engaged in pol- 
itics, believing it to be the duty of the rising gen- 
eration to bear the burden and heat of the day in 
this respect; but he is still influential witli his 
party, and his advice is frequently sought. He 
is connected with the Unitarian Church, of 
which Rev. J. C. Learned was pastor for several 
years, and in private life he is noted for his 
kind-heartedness and charity. Forty years ago 
he married Miss Ann Kliza Rogers. Mr. and 
Mrs. Rowse have one son, Edward C, who is 
now associated with his father in business and 



an active helper in the important enterprises 
under his control. 

Kenxa, Eduard Dudlev, son of M. E. and 
Ellen ( Pilcher ) Kenna, was born at Jackson- 
^•ille, Illinois, November 19, IXGl. His parents 
moved to Springfield, ^Missouri, in l-STO, where 
he was educated at the public schools, read law 
and was admitted to the bar in May, IXSO, when 
only a little more than eighteen years old. 

He at once began the practice of law in 
Springfield, and in May, IJSSl, was appointed 
assistant attorney for the St. Louis & San Fran- 
cisco Railway Company, with headquarters in 
St. Louis, where he has since resided, holding 
that position until October, 18811, when he was 
appointed general attorney of the company and 
given entire control of its legal business. Since 
that time he has occupied a commanding posi- 
tion at the bar, appearing in all of the important 
litigation to which his position called him, and 
being pitted against some of the greatest lawyers 
in the country. No man of his years has been 
engaged in so many noted cases, where the 
interests involved were of such magnitude, and 
the fact that all of them have been brought to a 
successful issue bears remarkable testimony to 
his untiring energ\' and rare skill and learn- 
ing. 

As a speaker, his presence and address are 
pleasing; he discards form and clings to sub- 
stance; he despises trifles and thinks only of the 
salient points of his case, and his utterances 
spring as the result of earnest thought and 
thorough preparation leading the hearer on step 
by step till the chain of argument is done and 
conviction attests its strength and power. 

He is a Democrat, and while not an active 
jiolitician, is a power in his party by reason of 
his eminent capacity for leadership. He has 
always contented himself within the ranks, pre- 
ferring professional success to public place. In 
the midst of his many professional duties he 
makes time to continue his general reading, 
both literary and jjolitical, thus broadening and 
strengthening his mental grasp and rounding 
•and perfecting his mental training. 





£^c^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



209 



BkiJ-, Nicholas MoxTfrOiiHRV, is the son 
of William A. and Caroline P. Bell, the latter 
iicc Harvey, and was born in Lincoln county, 
^Missouri, in l.S4l». Mr. Bell's grandfather 
served -with distinction in the war of 1812, under 
General Harrison, emerging therefrom as a 
major, and was a member of the General 
Assembly of Missouri in 1826-28. Mr. Bell's 
father was born in Mount Sterling, Kentuck)-, 
and his mother was from one of the old Virginia 
families. Mr. and Mrs. Bell had moved to Mis- 
souri with their 
parents in early 
childhood, locating 
in Lincoln and Pike 
counties. Prior to 
the birth of Nicholas, 
and for many )'ears 
a f t e r w a r d s, his 
father was engaged 
in farming and in 
mercantile pursuits. 

When fourteen 
years of age young 
Mr. Bell came to St. 
Louis and secured a 
Ijosition with ^lessrs. 
Barr, Dune a n & 
Company, as assist- 
ant book-keeper 
and collector. He 
remained with this 
firm four years, and 
in l.sii4, having ac- 
quired a sound busi- 
ness training, he went west and settled in 
Boi.se City, Idaho, where he engaged in the 
mercantile and mining business. In 18()5 he 
went still further west and joined his uncle, I\Ir. 
John C. Bell, then a merchant at Salem, Oregon. 
The firm was known as J. C. .K: N. M. Bell, and 
for three years the jiartnership continued to the 
mutual satisfaction of both parties. 

Mr. Nicholas M. Bell even at that early age 
was a careful student of politics and a firm 
believer in the soundness of Democratic princi- 
ples. He was elected a delegate, from the 
14 




State of Oregon, to the National Democratic Con- 
^•ention in l.SfiS, and cast his vote for Seymour 
and Blair. After the convention he returned to 
St. Louis, and in the year 18ii!i entered into 
partnership with James McCreery in the com- 
mission business, the firm being known as Bell 
& McCreery. In 1870, before the Democracy 
had regained ascendency in the State, he was 
elected to the Twenty-sixth General Assembly 
from the city of St. Louis, having defeated Hon. 
vStilsou Hutchins, then editor of the Times, for 
the nomination, and 
receiving at the polls 
se\'eral h u n d r e d 
more votes than his 
opponent, Hon. 
Joseph Pulitzer. 

Mr. Bell's legisla- 
ti\-e work at Jeffer- 
st)n Cit>- was of 
s u c h a prominent 
and i:)opular charac- 
ter that in 1872 he 
was re-elected by a 
large, increased ma- 
jority, serving in all 
four }-ears and bring- 
ing to bear it p o n 
State legislation a 
\ast deal of sound 
common sense and 
practical business 
acumen. During 
his service he was 
chairman of the 
committee on federal relations and a member of 
the committee on internal improvements, two of 
the most important committees of the House. 
In 187(5 Mr. Bell was the nominee of the Demo- 
cratic partv of St. Louis for the office of county 
auditor. When the National Democratic Con- 
\x-nlion niel in St. Louis in lS7(i, it honored 
Mr. Bell with its secretaryship, and one of his 
happiest duties in that connection was his 
announcement of the nomination of Tilden and 
Hendricks. This was his entrance upon 
national politics, wherein he was thereafter to 



MONTGOMERY BELL. 



•210 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



figure with conspicuous ability. Four years 
later he was again made secretary of the Dem- 
ocratic National Convention, which met in Cin- 
cinnati and nominated Hancock and English. 

Mr. Bell's peculiar aptitude for controlling 
large bodies of men, together with his remark- 
able elocutionary powers, attracted universal 
attention, and in 1884, for the third time, he 
was made secretary of the National Democratic 
Convention, the one which nominated the win- 
ning ticket of Cleveland and Hendricks, at 
Chicago, and was secretary of the committee 
appointed to notify the candidates of their nom- 
ination. Eight years later he acted in a similar 
capacity, with equal success. 

After the inauguration of President Cleveland 
in 1885, Mr. Bell was appointed superintendent 
of foreign mails, a position he filled for four 
years and one month in an exceedingly satis- 
factory manner, winning not only the approval 
of the administration, but also of hundreds of 
leading Republicans, who recognized his ability 
and zeal. Part of his work was the negotiation 
of postal treaties with foreign countries, a branch 
of governmental work in which he especially 
excelled, and he also had charge of all the cor- 
respondence of the postal department with for- 
eign countries, the sea transportation of mails 
destined to foreign countries, and the auditing 
and adjustment of accounts in payment therefor. 

Perhaps the most conspicuous of Mr. Bell's 
official achievements was the negotiation of the 
first parcel post treaties between the Ignited 
States and any foreign country. He brought 
this to a successful termination, and the benefits 
to international commerce cannot be estimated 
in the brief space here allotted. Mr. Bell 
further negotiated the extremely useful postal 
conventions between the United States, Canada 
and Mexico, which resulted practically in mak- 
ing the entire North American continent one 
postal territory. So careful was his attention 
to details that the treaty provisions admit of the 
interchange of mail between the two continents 
and the colony with the same rates of postage 
and with similar conditions as between two 
states or two post-offices of this country. The 



negotiation of the parcel post treaties has 
resulted in the abolition of the old consular 
and invoice certificates which caused so nuich 
annoyance and expense in the exchange of par- 
cel merchandise between the two countries, 
while the treaties negotiated by him increased 
the commerce of the United States nearly 
«;2,0()(),()0() the first year. 

It is worthy of mention, also, that Mr. Bell 
inaugurated a system of reports of the transit of 
mails destined to foreign countries, providing 
for a statement of the actual time between post- 
office of origin and the post-office of destination, 
and awarding the contracts for conveying the 
mails to the steamer showing the greatest speed 
and quickest delivery, without regard to its 
registry or flag. The competition between ves- 
sels became so great under this impetus that 
contracts were often awarded to the steamer 
showing only one minute faster time between 
New York and London. This movement expe- 
diated the foreign mail delivery from one to two 
business days, and was applauded by the mer- 
chants and exporters of this country to such an 
extent that they petitioned the postmaster- 
general to use his good offices to induce foreign 
countries to inaugurate a similar system, while 
it came to be so popular in Great Britain that 
the London Times, in a two-column editorial, 
tirged Parliament to adopt 'Mr. Bell's plan. 

After the inauguration of President Harrison, 
Mr. Bell resigned his position as superintendent 
of foreign mails, returned to St. Louis and 
devoted his attention to the tobacco commission 
and storage business of the Peper Tobacco 
Warehouse Company, at the corner of Twelfth 
and Market streets. The Legislature having 
created the position of Excise Commissioner for 
St. Louis, Mr. Bell was appointed to the position. 

In 1888 Mr. Bell was married to Miss Maggie 
Peper, daughter of Captain Christian Peper, of 
this city, and the result of this happy union is a 
son, Christian Peper Bell. 

BuscH, Adolphts, the largest brewer in 
America, and with one exception in the world, 
was born near Mainz on the Rhine, some fiftv 



BIO 7 /? J PfflC 4L A PPEVn fX. 



years a.t^o. His father was a prominent citizen 
engaged in extensive operations in ship timber, 
sending large rafts of timber, chiefly suitable 
For masts and spars, down the Rhine to the 
Metherlands for export. In addition to this Mr. 
Busch, senior, was a wealthy land owner, own- 
ng extensive vineyards in the vicinity of his 
lome and near the village from which the re- 
lowned hop vines are named. 

The fonndation for the scholastic and com- 
nercial training which have enabled St. Lonis' 
rreat merchant prince to outdistance all com- 
)etitors in the race, was laid in schools near his 
lome, but he also had the advantage of a full 
:ourse of study in one of the best known col- 
eges in Belgium, where among other accom- 
)lisliments he acquired a thorough knowledge 
>f the French language. After leaving college 
le was connected with the lumber industry for 
ibout a year, and then went to the city of Co- 
ogue, where he connected himself with a prom- 
nent mercantile house and not only obtained an 
.dmirable insight into business matters, but also 
ose to a leading position in the house, although 
le was still little urore than a boy. 

Just before the outbreak of the war young 
Jr. Busch came to America and located at St. 
^ouis, where some relatives of his were living, 
•■or three years he was engaged in a wholesale 
ommission house and also ser\-ed for fourteen 
iiouths in the Union army, with General 
iIcNeil, in Northern Missouri. ( )n attaining his 
najority he received a substantial sum from his 
ather's estate and commenced business for him- 
elf as a brewer's supply agent. For four or 
ive years he conducted this business with great 
>rofit to himself, but in 18()() he relinquished it 
.nd went into partnership with his father-in-law 
ilr. Eberhard Anheuser, who was at that time 
)roprietor of the old I!a\arian Brewery. 

This was quite a local establishment with 
•ery little outside trade, but the new partner at 
ince introduced into it new life and vigor; 
igencies were established in the West and 
jouth, and the output was largely increased. 
>o rapid was the progress that the proprietors 
lecided to incorporate under the laws of ^lis- 



.souri, and the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Associ- 
ation thus came into existence in Ls?."). To 
thoroughly appreciate the work that has been 
accomplished by Mr. Busch in reorganizing and 
extending the business with which he is con- 
nected, it must be remembered that the record 
of the Bavarian Brewery was six thousand 
barrels per aniuim. As compared with this the 
present output seems amazing, the total malt- 
ing capacity exceeding two million bushels per 
annum, and the shipping capacity one hundred 
uiillion bottles and one million barrels. The 
daily output is almost identical with the annual 
output at the time Mr. Busch became connected 
with the work, so that the increase has been 
more than three hundred-fold. 

Reference has been made in another portion 
of this book to the colossal business of this 
establishment, which has now more than five 
hundred resident agents and fully four thousand 
eiuployes. No corn or corn preparations are 
used on the premises, and it was Mr. Busch who 
was the first to manufacture bottled beer for 
export by the Pasteurizing process. Everv 
variety of ale is produced, the most popular 
brands being the Anheuser-Busch Standard, the 
Original Budweiser, the Pale Lager, the Pilsener 
or Exquisite, the old Burgundy and the Faust 
beer. 

To Mr. Busch is due the credit for having 
made it possible to supply the South and West 
with a high grade of beer. He was the first to 
erect refrigerators throughout the Southern and 
Western States, and also to make practical use 
of refrigerator cars for transporting beer. He 
organized the St. Louis Refrigerator Car Com- 
pan}', of which he is still president. He also 
made it his business to insist upon justice from 
the railroad companies. Fonuerly beer was 
carried as first-class freight, at rates as high as 
those charged for works of art or looking- 
glasse, but ]\Ir. Busch demanded that an equi- 
table classification should be made, and finally 
succeeded, thus making it possible to export 
beer to distant points at a profit. In IH.SO Mr. 
Busch became president and manager of the 
Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association, and al- 



•212 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



though he is now one of the weakhiest men in 
the West, he gives his attention to the details 
of the colossal undertaking, and prides himself 
on the fact that the city of buildings which go 
to make up the brewery are not only suitable 
for their purpose in every way, but are also ex- 
ceedingly elegant from an architectural point of 
view, and one of the great attractions to visitors 
to the city. 

Mr. Busch is by no means a selfish man, but 
has always been willing to contribute both 
money and energy towards public movements of 
importance. He was one of the most persistent 
workers in behalf of the building of a St. Louis 
bridge and subseqiiently of the St. Louis Bridge 
and Terminal enterprise. He also founded the 
South Side Bank, of which he is still president; 
while among other enterprises with which he is 
connected may be mentioned the Streator Bottle 
and Glass Company, of Illinois; the Adolphus 
Busch Glass Company, of Belleville and St. 
Louis, and the Manufacturers' Railway Com- 
pany, of St. Louis, the last named corporation 
owi:ing the railroad which connects the brewery 
with the Iron ^Mountain and Belt Railways. He 
has also a large amount of capital invested in 
the Asphalt mines of Utah and other mining- 
interests. 

He has dispensed many thousands of dollars 
in charities, and treats every employe who is 
attentive to his duties as an ally rather than a 
servant. Commercial success has not interfered 
with the cultivation of a love of art and of high- 
class sport. Mr. Busch has a collection of artistic 
treasures of great value, and he also owns one of 
the best stables in the country, with several su- 
perb horses with established records. He has 
also derived much pleasure from traveling, has 
visited nearly every quarter of the globe, and is 
a brilliant conversationalist not only in English 
but also in German and French. 

Kehlor, James B. M. — St. Louis is already 
important as a grain market, and its importance 
in this respect is found to increase, as farmers 
are realizing more each year the profit in wheat 
raising. As a wheat producing country the 



territory around St. Louis is only second to the 
wheat-belt of the great Northwest. As a flour 
manufacturing center the city has already at- 
tained an eminence above the standard of the 
city as a wheat market, and her present position 
in that respect is mostly due to the brains, 
energy and capital of about a half dozen men, 
and none among them has taken a more con- 
spicuous part in the development of the flouring 
industry than Mr. J. B. ]\I. Kehlor, who has 
been connected with the local milling industry 
about thirty years. 

Mr. Kehlor hails Scotland as his native land, 
and there, in the manufacturing city of Paisley, 
he was born June 6, 184:2. His mother's 
maiden name was Elizabeth Brodice, and his 
father, Duncan M. Kehlor, was a prominent 
citizen of Paisley, engaged in the manufacture 
of shawls, for which the city is so celebrated. 
His rudimentary education was obtained in the 
excellent schools of his native laud and finished 
at an English college. Being a lad of excep- 
tionally strong mental endowments, he at the 
age of fifteen had made most uncommon advanc- 
meut in his studies, so much so that at this time 
his education was considered completed and he 
left school to become an assistant in his father's 
factory. 

Although his father stood ready to do any- 
thing for him and give him the best of btisiness 
opportunities, he was much too ambitious to re- 
main at home as long as the bright stories of the 
wonderful land across the sea were unin\-esti- 
gated, and with the self-reliance and independ- 
ence that are characteristic of all men who are 
boru to succeed, he was moved with a strong 
desire to branch out in life for himself. Ha\- 
ing settled upon America as the future scene of 
his efforts, he arrived in New York in l>>.5ii. 

Having relatives in the metropolis, he made 
that city his temporary home until 18(il, in 
which year he went to Milwaukee, which then 
gave promise of its present importance, and 
where one of his brothers was already located 
and engaged in the manufacture of paper. He 
became interested in this enterprise with his 
brother, an arrangement that existed for a year, 



niOGRAPHICAl. APPENDIX. 



>. W. Keillor saw a chance to 
•iier on his own acconnt. In 
he took charge of a flourino: 
Wisconsin, a small town 
Al- 



or nntil Mr. J. 
become a mill ( 
l.Sti2, therefore 
mill at Waterford 

abont twenty-five miles from Milwanke 
though the mill was a small one, only having a 
capacity of about eight barrels a day, he made 
money during the short time he ran it. How- 
ever, Waterford did not offer opportunities that 
satisfied his ambition and he determined to 
again make a change, this time opening a com- 
mission business in 
Chicago. 

In bSlU he reached 
the conclusion that 
St. Louis offered bet- 
ter inducements as a 
field of operations 
than Chicago, and 
he therefore closed 
out his commission 
l)usiness and came 
to this city, where 
he established him- 
self in the same line. 
Several shrewd and 
bold operations of a 
commercial nature 
attracted attention 
to him soon after 
opening his busi- 
ness, with the result 
that ]\Ir. George Up- 
dike was one of the 
men who thus per- 
ceived and properly rated Mr. Keillor's business 
ability. The acquaintance thus begun led 
eventually to a proposition from ^Ir. Updike, 
having for its purpose the establishment of a 
house in Xew Orleans. This was done, Messrs. 
Keillor &; Updike entering into a partnership 
for this purpose, under the firm name of Kehlor, 
Updike (S: Company, the New Orleans house 
being considered a branch of the St. Louis 
establishment. 

The f(_)niier house did a phenomenal business 
from the beginning, handling more and larger 




consignments than any of its competitors, 
receiving at one time consignments from every 
mill in St. Louis. Its success was entirely due 
to Mr. Kehlor, who had personal charge, his 
partners having absolute confidence in his 
integrity and good judgment. Notwithstanding 
its prosperity, the firm in 18(59 concluded that 
it saw a better use for its capital in St. Louis, 
and the affairs of the New Orleans house were 
accordingly wound up, and the money invested 
in the Laclede ^'louring Mill, then located at the 
corner of Soulard 
and Decatur streets. 
One reason of this 
return to St. Louis 
was the ill health of 
Mr. Kehlor's family. 
In 1.S71 the firm 
entered yet further 
into the milling 
business by the pur- 
chase of the Pacific 
Millson Third street, 
which had a capaci- 
ty of eleven hundred 
barrels per day. 

In 1«73 Mr. Keh- 
lor bought out the 
interest of his part- 
ners and ran the 
business, which had 
already begun t o 
assume vast propor- 
tions for awhile 
alone. He then ad- 
mitted an elder brother to partnership, but in a 
few months repurchased his interest. It is an 
interesting fact that since coming to St. Louis, 
Mr. Kehlor has paid out in securing entire con- 
trol of his business over a quarter of a million 
of dollars. Since coming to St. Louis it seems 
to have been his general rule to extend and 
increase his milling interest about every two 
\ears. This was done in 1882 by the erection 
of the Kehlor Mills in this city, with a capacity' 
of l,.')nO barrels daily. In ISiH this was 
increased to 2,7(1(1 barrels. In l.S.Sl he inir- 



M. KHHI.OR. 



214 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



chased the Litchfield ^lill, -with a daily capacity 
of 2,200 barrels. 

Besides being the largest flouring mill owner 
in the West, a position he has attained solely by 
energy and business ability, he is president of 
the Citizens' Fire Insurance Company, of St. 
Louis, a director of the St. Louis National 
Bank, a director of the United Elevator Com- 
pany, and for twenty-sev^en y-ears has been an 
influential member of the Merchants' Exchange. 
He is undoubtedly one of the most active and 
able business men of St. Louis, as his eminent 
success testifies. He is a man of extraordinary 
force of character and has inherited much of the 
firm integrity and determination of his Scotch 
ancestry. He is a man who inspires confidence, 
and was one of the staunchcst friends of the late 
Geo. P. Plant, and his long business connection 
with George Updike made of them the firmest 
friends. 

While running tlie little mill at Waterford, 
Wisconsin, Mr. Keillor met and married Miss 
Laniira W. Russ. Of this marriage three 
children, all girls, have been born. Connie E., 
is now Mrs. George Tower, Jr., while Josephine 
and Jessie are yet at home. 

MOKFITT, John S., who died May 17, 1894, 
shortly before completing his fortieth year, was 
one of the best known and most respected advo- 
cates of the Xew St. Louis idea, and there can 
be no doubt that the conscientious manner in 
which he discharged his semi-official duties ma- 
terially shortened his life. It was his habit in 
business matters to attend personally to the 
most minute details, and no one in his employ 
kept longer office hours, or worked more con- 
tinuously, than did he. As a wholesale drug- 
gist he ranked among the leaders in the West, 
and was a prominent member of the National 
Association, having an immense number of 
friends among its members throughout the entire 
country. For upwards of ten years he also de- 
voted several hotirs a day to work designed for 
the betterment of the city, for the care of the 
poor, and also for the religious training of chil- 
dren. For some time he had been visibly losing 



strength, but until too late he disregarded the 
advice of his friends and physician, who besought 
him to take a protracted rest, and it was not 
until his health actually broke down that his 
familiar figure was missing from his desk. It 
was too late then to save a life, the value of 
which the community how thoroughly recognizes. 
Nervous prostration, brought on by continued 
application, was aggravated by lung trouble, and 
the best medical advice was unavailing. 

■Mr. ^Vloflfitt was born in the year 1854, and was 
the son of Mr. William Moffitt, of Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania. Mr. Wni. Moffitt took charge of 
the shipping department for Mr. James Richard- 
son shortly after the close of the war. Before 
the incorporation of the Richardson Drug Com- 
pany, in the old days of Richardson & Mellier, 
John S. entered the employ of the firm as errand- 
boy. The natural industry and integrity of the 
lad commended him at once to the notice of his 
employers, and his advance in their confidence 
was rapid. Thus advancing towards the man- 
agerial deiJartment, he was, on the incorporation 
of the Richardson Drug Company, placed in 
charge of the sundries department in the old 
building at the corner of Fourth street and Clark 
avenue. Here he was in his element, and the 
sundries department soon assumed great impor- 
tance. It was while engaged in this capacity 
that ]Mr. Moffitt became identified with so many 
of the movements of a public and philanthropic 
character, and that he became looked upon as 
indispensable in any movement requiring hard 
work and patient application. 

The fire of New Year's Day, ISSH, whicli 
wiped the Richard.son drug hou.se off the face 
of the earth caused Mr. Moffitt to look elsewhere 
for an occupation. His loyalty to the house 
with which he had been identified for so man\' 
\ears was great, and it was not until he was 
satisfied that the company had no intention of 
rebuilding that he determined to ftnin a drug 
company himself. About six weeks after the 
destruction of the Richardson plant, ^Ir. Moffitt 
associated with himself oVIessrs. Courtney H. 
West, William J. Niedringhaus and Frank F. 
Koeneke. These four gentlemen incorporated 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



21; 



the IMoffitt-West Drug Compan\-, of which Mr. 
Moffitt became president and acting manager. 
As already stated, he gave to the buying and 
shipping departments his hourly attention, and 
under his care the business grew beyond all 
expectation. Although only five years old the 
Moffitt-West Drug Company has become a 
dangerous rival to some of its old established 
competitors, and the sterling integrity of its 
management has made it friends in ever>- cit\- 
within reasonable access of St. Louis. 

Karly this year Mr. Moffitt was incapacitated 
from work by a serious illness, from which he 
recovered sufficienth- to be able to get into har- 
ness again for a short time. He was soon, 
however, compelled to give up again, his condi- 
tion being obviously serious. He spent a short 
time at a health resort, but finding he gained 
little .strength he returned to his home at Web- 
ster Groves, where, despite the most unremitting 
care he passed away mourned by his business 
associates and thousands of personal friends. 
The honorary pall-bearers at his funeral were 
ex-Cxovernor E. O. Stanard and Messrs. L. B. 
Tebbetts, George W. Parker, John W. Kauff- 
man and Sebeca N. Taylor, and a very large 
number of influential citizens were present. 

In 1878 Mr. Moffitt married Miss Julia Ayton, 
a daughter of the proprietor of Hotel Beers. 
Mrs. .Moffitt and a daughter. Miss Nellie, now 
thirteen years of age, survive him, as also do 
his widowed mother and four brothers and one 
sister, all of whom reside in St. Louis. 

When it was first proposed to illuminate the 
streets of St. Louis during the festivities, Mr. 
Moffitt became chairman of the illumination 
committee, and year after year he raised the 
necessary- subscription to carry out the work. 
When in 1891 the Autumnal Festivities As.so- 
ciation was formed, Mr. Moffitt became by 
unanimous vote chairman of the finance com- 
mittee, and to his able organization and hard 
work the unprecedented feat of raising more 
than half a million dollars in cash for the enter- 
tainment of strangers and the betterment of the 
cit\- was largely due. His achievement has 
never been duplicated, and probably never will. 



.\s a member of the board of Charity Com- 
missioners his work was equally prominent and 
valuable, and his death leaves a vacancy on that 
important body. He was also a member of 
several clubs, including the Commercial, St. 
Louis, Noonday and the Mercantile, while his 
activity on behalf of the business organization 
known as the Paint, Oil and Drug Club was borne 
testimony to by a series of resolutions passed at a 
meeting hastily convened as soon as the sad 
news of his death had reached the city. 

As a church and Sunday-school worker Mr. 
Moffitt had few equals. He acted as superin- 
tendent of different Sunday-schools, the last 
position of the kind held by him being at the 
Lindell Avenue Methodist Church. His family 
residence up to last winter was at 4329 Olive 
street, whence he moved to his pretty suburban 
home in Webster Groves. 

.\mong other religious work, Mr. Moffitt was 
indefatigable in the interests of the Bethel Mis- 
sion, and his loss will be most severely felt. At 
a special meeting of the trustees, the following 
resolutions were unanimously adopted: 

Resoh'ed, We record with sincere sorrow the 
loss we sustain in Mr. Moffitt's removal from our 
councils and our labor. Ever ready to perform 
every good word and work, his zeal and effi- 
ciency were always an inspiration to his fellow- 
workers in every line of duty. 

Keso/i'i-d, We extend our deepest sympatln- to 
his bereaved family, and rejoice with them in 
that faith which enables us to feel that our tem- 
poral loss is his eternal gain. 

Resolved, That these resolutions be placed 
upon the records of our association, and a copy 
of them presented to his bereaved family as a 
testimonial of our high appreciation of his ster- 
ling Christian character. 

The Paint, Oil and Drug Club's resolutions 
referred to above, were equally impressive. 

BiKBi.NciKK, F'rkdkkick W., SOU of Johu 
and Elise (Steiger) Biebinger, is a native of 
Rhenish-Bavaria, where he was born December 
18, 1831. He received a good education, prin- 
cipally from the schools of Mannheim, German)-. 



216 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



When he was nineteen years old he became 
possessed with a desire to take advantage of the 
extended opportnnities offered the yonng man 
of energy and industry in far-away America. 
He reached the shores of the United States in 
1850, and after a preliminary investigation of 
the country in which he intended to make his 
home, and a two years' stay in Cleveland, Ohio, 
he selected St. Louis, which he reached October 
1, 1.S.52. 

By 1855 he had succeeded so far, that in May 
of that year he was made teller of the German 
Savings Institution. This place he held until 
18G0, and left it to accept the position of cashier 
in the North St. Louis .Savings Bank, where he 
remained until l.siU. In that year the Fourth 
National Bank of St. Louis was organized. An 
offer was made Mr. Biebinger to become 
cashier of the new institution, and this office he 
held from the organization of the bank in the 
year above mentioned until the death of the 
president, Mr. John C. H. D. Block, in ISiH. 
This event created a \'acanc\- which was filled 
by the election, January 12, LSlt2, of Mr. 
Biebinger to the presidency, an office he yet 
holds. 

His wife was Miss Sophie Koch, of this city, 
to whom he was married August 12, 1854. To 
the couple eight children were born, six of 
whom are yet living. They are: Emma, the 
wife of William H. Dittmann; Elise, the wife of 
Dr. Robert Ludeking; Adele, now J\Irs. Charles 
F. Zuko.ski; Oscar L., cashier of the Mallinck- 
rodt Chemical W'orks, who married Miss Nettie 
Luthy; W'illiam, teller of the Fourth National 
Bank, who married Miss Bertha Bodemann, 
and Ern.st, who is unmarried. All the children 
live in St. Louis, except Ernst, who is in 
Mexico. 

;\Ir. Biebinger's life is an exemplification of 
what can be achieved by a steady purpose, by 
industry, honesty and natural ability. He is, in 
the declining years of his life, generally es- 
teemed and respected; his judgment in any 
financial transaction is held to be of high value, 
and he deserves the high place he occupies at 
this time in the public confidence. Coming to 



St. Louis in a day when it was of comparatively 
little financial consequence, he has seen it grow 
to be the fifth city of the Union, and the most 
important financial center of the ^Mississippi Val- 
ley and the West. Through the entire history 
of its greatest financial growth he has been an 
active factor, participating in the great panics 
of 1857, of the war period and of 1873; being 
closely associated with all the phases of its 
growth for nearly half a century, his experience 
has been wide, deep and interesting — an ex- 
perience that has proved of the highest value to 
the great moneyed institution of which he is 
the head. His knowledge of the exact financial 
standing and worth of the various firms and in- 
dividuals of this city and the West is of a kind 
that can be only acquired by time and b}- op- 
portunity such as he has had. Mr. Biebinger's 
ability, record and experience entitle him to the 
admiration and respect that the financiers and 
capitalists accord him; his character as a man, 
and his record as a citizen, make him none the 
less wortlu- of the highest public consideration 
and regard. 

Crawford, DrG.A.Li), son of James and Janet 
(Weir) Crawford, was born in Argyleshire, 
Scotland. He was educated at a preparatory 
school on the Island of Bute, and when fifteen 
years of age he became an apprentice in a dry 
goods store in Glasgow, remaining for four 
years. A linen draper, as a dry goods man is 
called in Scotland, does a more limited busi- 
ness than the house over which Mr. Crawford is 
now the head, but the sjstem in Scotland estab- 
lishments is very severe, and the discipline 
which the man who is now one of the leading 
dry goods princes of the West underwent in his 
early life has been of great benefit to him since 
being in business for himself. After completing 
his apprenticeship Mr. Crawford secured em- 
ployment in one of the largest retail establish- 
ments in Dublin, where he still further enlarged 
his ideas and knowledge of the business of his 
choice. His career in the Irish capital was a 
very successful one, his first work being as 
salesman, but later when he had attracted the 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



217 



attention of his employers to his keenness and 
discretion, he acted as pnrchaser in some of the 
leading departments. 

After three years Air. Crawford had a mild 
attack of home-sickness, and returning to Scot- 
land secnred a position with Messrs. Arthur & 
Company, then, as now, the largest wholesale 
and retail dry goods house in Great Britain. 
Messrs. Arthur & Company recognized in the 
young man talent of high order, and unlimited 
confidence was reposed in him. He could have 
easih- secured a life 
position with the 
house, but he was 
too ambitious for 
such a career, and 
in is:)(; left the old 
country for Canada, 
where he located at 
Toronto and se- 
cured a position as 
salesman in the 
leading dry goods 
house there. Later 
he moved to Lon- 
don, Canada, but in 
the year 18(54 de- 
cided to establish 
himself in St. Louis, 
whither he accord- 
ingly came, at once 
associating himself 
with C. B. Hubbell, 
Jr. & Company, re- 
tail drj' goods deal- 
ers, as salesman, with wh 
twelve uionths. 

His next engagement was with liarr, Duncan 
& Company, as a salesman in the silk depart- 
ment. He filled this position with marked 
al)ility for about eighteen months, when he 
decided to start in business for himself, and 
accordingly severed his connection with that 
firm. 

Those who now gaze with admiration on the 
uiannnoth establishment of Mr. Crawford's on 
the corner of Franklin avenue and Broadway, 




DUOALD CRAWFORD 



d f<l 



find it difficult to realize that when Mr. Craw- 
ford opened up business on this corner twenty- 
five years ago, his store only measured twelve 
by fourteen feet. From the very first, custom- 
ers were attracted by the remarkable cheapness 
of the goods offered for sale. Mr. Crawford's 
experience in four different coitntries had taught 
him how to purchase the very best of articles at 
low prices, and he was able even then to under- 
sell his rivals to an extent which set their pur- 
chasers thinking. The career of Crawford & 
Company during the 
last quarter of a 
century has been 
even more remark- 
able than the growth 
■of the city in which 
it carried on its 
business. Eight ad- 
ditions have Ijeen 
made as occasion re- 
quired, and to-dav 
the establishment is 
one of the largest 
retail dry goods 
houses in the West; 
while those in anv 
part of the countrv 
which equal it in 
size c o u 1 d b e 
counted without 
great effort. Not a 
brick of the original 
store is standing, and 
all that remains to 
connect the enormous establishment of to-day 
with the little store of the (ill's is the ability and 
energy of the men at its head, the high grade of 
goods kept, the low prices charged for every- 
thing, and the perfect fairness which character- 
izes every transaction made. In St. Louis the 
nan:e of Crawford is a household one; while the 
volume of business transacted by visitors to the 
city, and in response to mail orders, is simply 
astonishing. 

Mr. Crawford is a ty])ical vScotchman, though 
a loyal American, and a man whose pocket- 



2 IS 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



book is always open when called upon to assist 
in any good work for the betterment of the cit\- 
or for the relief of the suffering. Among the 
large number of positions occupied by him, he 
is vice-president of the Bethel Association; 
president of the Congregational City Missionary 
Society; Trustee of Drury College, at vSpring- 
field, Missouri; president of the Caledonian 
Society of vSt. Louis, member of the Local 
Legion of Honor; and an active member of both 
the St. Louis and Mercantile clubs. 

Mr. Crawford was married in the year i.S(>l 
to Miss Jane Forsyth, of Aberdeen, Scotland, the 
ceremony being performed by Rev. Dr. Topp, at 
Toronto, Canada. He has four children living — 
John F. and James M., two sons, now assisting 
their father in the great Broadway Bazaar, and 
Annie, now Mrs. D. ( ). Hill, of Chicago, and 
Jessie AL at home. 

Brown, George Warren, was born in (iran- 
ville, Washington county. New York, on the 
21st day of March, 1853. He received a com- 
mercial college education at Troy, New York, 
after attending the public schools in his town. 

Upon graduating he came to St. Louis, arriv- 
ing on the 10th day of April, 187;}. His first 
position was that of shipping clerk for the firm 
of Hamilton, Brown & Company. After serving 
only ten months in the house he became travel- 
ing salesman for them, .starting on the road in 
the spring of 1874, being then twenty-one years 
of age and the first traveler to introduce the 
firm's goods to the western trade. He went out 
in the face of great disadvantages, as it was just 
subsequent to the panic of '7H, and he found 
his goods better adapted to southern than to 
western trade, but he had the determination to 
overcome these difficulties and soon deuK)n- 
strated his value to his employers. 

He soon became impressed with the necessity 
of manufacturing boots and shoes specially for 
western trade, and of the advantages of St. Louis 
as a point for their manufacture, and tried to 
persuade his employers to begin making goods 
for this trade, but as they refused to adopt his 
ideas he, after five \ears' service, resigned and 



taking what money he had saved, with A. L. 
Bryan and J. B. Desnoyers, organized the firm 
of Bryan, lirowu &; Company, for the manufact- 
ure of boots and shoes. The success of the en- 
terprise was regarded as experimental and doubt- 
ful by their friends, as nearly one-third of the 
capital of the firm was put in machiner}*' at the 
beginning, and all who had attempted the man- 
ufacturing of shoes in St. Louis up to that time 
had failed to succeed. The first five men em- 
ployed in their factory were brought from Roch- 
ester, New York, and their railroad fare was 
paid in advance, as an inducement to them to 
come and make the first Rochester shoes in 
St. Louis. 

Confronting these seemingly unfavorable pros- 
pects and conditions, Bryan, Brown & Company 
was successful from the start; in 1881 the firm 
was incorporated as Bryan-Brown Shoe Com- 
pany. In 188a the name of the company was 
changed to that of Brown-Desno}ers Shoe Com- 
pany, and again in 189o to The Brown Shoe 
Company. V^\. Brown has been president of 
the corporation from its beginning in 1881. 
This house has over forty traveling salesmen on 
the road, and is probably now growing more 
rapidly than any other house of its kind in the 
country. The building occupied by the firm 
covers two and one-half acres of floor space, 
one-half of which is devoted to the manufacture 
of shoes, and the remainder to store and office 
purposes. 

To make the statement direct and unequi\'o- 
cal, their shoe plant, as a w-hole, is the finest 
and most perfect in the country, and the firm 
enjoys the distinction of being the father of the 
shoe manufacturing interest in St. Louis, as it 
is the oldest successful manufacturing house 
still in business here; and there is no doubt but 
that the success of this firm was the key which 
has opened up the present great shoe manufact- 
uring enterprises that are now carried on in 
this cit}', which lias already made it the greatest 
shoe market in the United States. 

In 188;') Mr. Bi'own was married to ^liss 
Bettie Bofinger, of St. Louis. He is still a 
young man. 




]Wmm^ 



/;/C ^CRAPIIICAL APPENDIX. 



JUDSON, FrEdp:rick Nkwtox, the son of 
Krederick J. and CatherineT. (Chapelle ) Jiidson, 
was born in St. Mary's, Georgia, on the 7th of 
October, 1845. His education was comiileted 
at Yale College, from which he graduated in the 
class of 18()(i, receiving the degrees of A.B. and 
A.M. He then tanght school in New Haven, 
Connecticut, and afterwards in Nash\-ille, Ten- 
nessee. He came to St. Louis, and having 
already applied himself to the study of law, 
attended the law school and graduated in 1.S71 
with the degree of 
LL.l!. 

He next became 
associated with 
CiONernor Ciratz B. 
Brown in the 
capacit\- of pri\-ate 
secretary, which 
office he filled for 
I 



has been enabled to yield that cause able and 
valuable service. His first election to member- 
ship in the Board of Education occurred in 1878, 
which was followed by re-election in 1879, and 
lie served continuously until 1882. He twice 
received deserved recognition at the hands of 
his associates, l)eing elected to the presidency 
of the board in 1881, and again in 1882. In 
1887 he was elected on the board on the general 
citizens' ticket. For the third time he was 
elevated to the presidency of that body, serving 
until 1889. During 



years, prior to 
his conimencenient 
of the jM'actice of law 
in 1X7;') in the city 
of St. Louis. In 
l''<74 he formed a 
partnership with 
J o s e ]) h T a t u m , 
inider the firm name 
(if Tatum X: Judson, 
which continued fur 
one year. 

The following 
Iwo years he was 
alone in practice, 
l)ut in 1.S78 fonned 
John II. Overall, the 
X; Judson. Tluit bus 
until ISS 




years spent i 
r e s p o n s i b 1 



H< 



1 partnership with 
firm name being ( )\erall 
iiess association conliuued 
hen Judge Hough entered the firm 
the sauu- being changed to Hough, Overall &; 
Judson. That business association was dis- 
soKed in 1889, and in the following year Mr. 
J\idson joined the firm of Valle, Reyburn, Jud- 
son X: Reyburn. At the eNi)iration of one year 
that firm dissuhed, and during the year suc- 
ceeding he continued the practice alone. 

Mr. Jud.son is a great friend of education, and 



the f; 



the 
this 

position, he was al- 
ways one of the 
staunchest advocates 
of honesty and econ- 
onu', and a friend of 
progressive methods 
in educational 
affairs. As an in- 
stance of the high 
regard in which he 
is held as a prac- 
titioner in the com- 
mercial world, it 
ma\- be stated that 
since 18.s;', he has 
held the responsible 
position of counsel 
to the Merchants' 
Exchange. Since 
1892 he has held 
])osition of lecturer 
)f the Law .School of 



on evidence 
Washington Uiii\-ersity. 

On the 1st of Jauuaiy, 1892, he entered into 
a co-partnership with Mr. Charles S. Taussig in 
a general practice of the law. Mr. Judson has 
achieved a reputation and admitted high charac- 
ter in his practice in the courts of Mis.souri, and 
enjoys the confidence of the first social and busi- 
ness circles of St. Louis. He was married to 
^liss Jennie Eakin, of Xasluille, Tennessee, a 
lady of education and refinement, and h\ whom 
he has one daughter. 



220 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



OvKRALL, John Henry, son of Alajor Wilson 
Lee and Eliza Ann (Williams) Overall, was 
born in St. Charles connty. ^Missouri, March 2.S, 
1845. His father was a native of Tennessee, 
bnt moved into Missouri when a young man, and 
in 1812 entered the United States army from the 
latter State. His mother was a very talented 
lady and a very able newspaper writer, being, 
in fact, the first lady editress of whom there is 
any record. She died at St. Joseph, Missouri, 
in 1880. The subject of this sketch was edu- 
cated at the University of Missouri, at Columbia, 
where he graduated with honors in 1865. 

Coming to St. L,ouis he took a course in the 
Henderson and Stewart Commercial College, 
and then went to Jefferson City, where he read 
law with the Hon. E. L. Edwards and after- 
wards with Henry & Williams, at Macon, Mis- 
souri, and was admitted to the bar in July, 18()(). 
Before commencing to j^ractice he entered the 
law department of Harvard University, where he 
graduated in 18()7. Returning to St. Louis he 
spent four months studying court procedure and 
the statutes and code of the State, and then 
located in Macon City, Missouri. In 1868 he 
was elected circuit attorney of the Second Judic- 
ial District of Missouri, a position he resigned 
in 1872, in order to accept the position of dean 
of the law school in connection with the State 
University, of Columbia. He organized this 
school successfully, but was compelled to resign 
the deanship owing to ill health, and was suc- 
ceeded by Judge Philemon Bliss. 

He remained in Columbia until 1874, and on 
the death of Fidelo D. Sharp, partner of Colonel 
James O. Broadhead, he became a member of 
the firm, continuing a partner of Mr. Broadhead 
until 1878, when the firm of Overall & Judson 
was created. On January- 1, 1885, Mr. Hough 
was taken into the firm, which became known 
as Hough, Overall & Judson. The co-partner- 
ship continued for five years, when it was dis- 
solved and Mr. Overall has been in practice 
alone ever since. His ability as a lawyer has 
earned him a reputation throughout the West, 
and the cases he has handled include some of 
the most imijortant ever tried in Missouri. 



He was acting \'ice-president of the Board of 
Police Commissioners for the cit}* of St. I^ouis 
under Governor Francis' administration, and 
presided over the majorit}- of the meetings of 
that board, his colleagues being Messrs. Charles 
H. Turner, George H. Small, and David W. 
Caruth. His administration was, throughout 
fearless and vigorous. The police found in him 
a friend in every difficulty which had arisen 
from their determination to carry out the law 
fearlessly and without favor, while he was ex- 
tremely- severe in every case where favoritism 
was shown or duty neglected. In short, Mr. 
Overall enforced on the police board the same 
principles of stern justice and honest work 
that have made his career so famous, and made 
him such a censiDicuous ornament to the city 
in which he has resided nearly the whole of his 
life. 

He is now about forty-seven years of age, in 
the full enjoyment of health, and in possession 
of industry and love of work seldom found in 
any profession, and still less frequently among 
men who have made their mark in the world, 
and are so entitled to retirement from active 
work as the subject of this sketch. His name 
is regarded with much respect in St. Louis, and 
is looked upon as a guarantee of the good faith 
of every enterprise with which it is connected. 

He married in January, 1874, Miss Mary 
Rollins, daughter of ^lajor James S. Rollins, of 
Columbia, Alissouri, and has four children liv- 
ing — Florence, John, .^dele and Sidney. 

Stewart, Ai.piionso Cha.se, was born at Leb- 
anon, Tennessee, .\ugust27, 1848. Hisparents 
were Alexander P. and Harriet Byron (Chase) 
Stewart. His father was a graduate of West 
Point, and at the beginning of the late civil war 
entered the Confederate army, with the rank of 
major of artillery, and was afterwards promoted 
to the rank of major-general and then to lieu- 
tenant-general, taking part in the battles that 
took place in Tennessee and Alabama, and was 
reckoned a brave and efficient commander. His 
mother was a relative of Salmon P. Chase, late 
chief justice of the United States Supreme Court. 





M{^^^^r^^J 



BIOC.RAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



221 



He was born at the house of Hon. Robert 
L. Caruthers, one of the most distinguished 
lawyers and jurists that ever adorned the bar 
and bench of Tennessee, and who was governor 
and a judge of the Supreme Court of that State. 

At the age of fourteen years Alphonso C. 
entered the Confederate arm\-. He afterwards 
recci\-ed a very thorough education, beginning in 
the school of Nathaniel Cross, at Edgefield, Ten- 
nessee, then attending the Alabama Military 
Institute at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and then 
entered the Cumberland University, located at 
his birthplace, graduating therefrom in 1868, 
with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Not yet 
having attained his majority he could not be 
admitted to the bar, and remained at the law 
school of the uni\ersity for another )-ear as a 
post-graduate, and presided as judge of the uni- 
versity moot court. 

In ISIill he was admitted to the bar and 
began the practice of law at Winchester, in 
partnership with Tobias Turney (Turney & 
Stewart ) Ijrother of Judge Peter Ttirney, now 
judge of the Supreme Court of Tennessee. After 
one year this partnership was dissolved and he 
continued the practice alone for a year, when at 
the solicitation of Hon. Sylvanus Evans, a 
prominent lawyer of Mississippi, who had offices 
at Meridian and Enterprise, he removed to the 
latter place and took charge of the legal busi- 
ness there, but not in equal partnership. At 
the cud of the first year, however, Mr. Evans 
offered him an ecjual partnership for the period 
of fi\-e years, which he accepted. The style of 
the firm was Evans & Stewart, and it was one 
of the leading law firms in the State. 

At the expiration of two years this partner- 
ship was dissolved by mutual consent, and Mr. 
Stewart came to St Louis and pursued his pro- 
fession for a year alone, when he formed a part- 
nership with Hon. Charles King and Judge J. 
\V. Phillips, under the firm name of King, Phil- 
lips & Stewart. This partnership ended at the 
expiration of six months. Mr. Stewart and Judge 
Phillips then associated themselves together, 
and did an extensi\-e business in the civil 
courts, their practice being largely confined to 



the corporation and commercial law. They 
were the general solicitors for the Texas & St. 
Louis Railway and the St. Louis, Arkansas & 
Texas (Cotton Belt) Railway, and counsel for 
the St. Louis Cotton Compress Company. In 
connection with their law business they con- 
ducted a collection department, which did a 
large business. They represented the first 
mortgage bondholders in the celebrated Wa- 
bash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad receivership 
case, which resulted in the foreclosure and reor- 
ganization of that corporation. They were also 
attorney's in the suit in which it was first de- 
cided by an appellate court in Missouri that a 
corporation had the right to make a general 
assignment for the benefit of its creditors. 

The partnership of Phillips & Stewart con- 
tinued until . November 1, 18')0, when it was 
reorganized hy the admission of Edward Cun- 
ningham and Edward C. Elliot, under the firm 
name of Phillips, Stewart, Cunningham & 
Elliot. 

When the St. Louis Trust Company was 
organized in October, ISS'i, Mr. Stewart was 
made secretary and counsel of the company, and 
hed both positions until January, 1891, when 
finding the labor imposed by them too onerous, 
he resigned the office of secretary. He is still 
counsel for the company. 

Mr. Stewart is connected in one capacit\- or 
another, either as attorney, stockholder or 
director, with the following corporations, 
besides the St. Louis Trust Company: the St. 
Louis Cotton Compress Company, the Schultz 
Belting Company, the Merchants' Life Associ- 
ation of the United States, the Southwestern 
Improvement Association, and the Jasper County 
Electric Power Company. 

Entering upon the active practice of his pro- 
fession when barely twenty-one years old, his 
life his since been an exceedingly busy and 
laborious one, and he has attained a prominence 
at the bar and in business and financial circles 
that marks him as a man of unusual ability. He 
is scholarl)- and refined in his tastes, and devoted 
to his home and family circle. 

Mr. Stewart was married in Juh', 1873, to 



222 



OLD AND NEW Sr. LOUIS. 



Miss Elizabeth Smith, daughter of .Samuel 
Smith, of Winchester, Tennessee, one of the 
most prominent and reputable citizens in that 
section of the State. They have two children — 
Samuel Smith and Harriet Chase. 

Brockman, Philip. — There are few more 
popular men in St. Louis than Mr. Philip Brock- 
man, and fewer still have earned the love and 
esteem of their fellow-citizens by such disinter- 
ested generosity. Mr. Brockman is to the front 
in every movement designed to help the city or 
any section of its inhabitants, and while he gives 
freely to all public subscriptions he also gives 
away thousands of dollars in a quiet manner. 

He is the son of Casper and Christina ( P^bke ) 
Brockman, and was born on a farm near Osna- 
bruck, Northern Germany, on March 30, 1X41. 
He was educated in the public schools near his 
home, and did some little work in the same 
locality. The love of liberty and hatred of 
tyranny was strong, as it is in all men endowed 
with a virile manhood. His pride of manhood 
and his knowledge of his natural rights would 
not permit him to submit to the tyrannical and 
humiliating military laws of his land, and at 
the age of nineteen he left it to come to America 
and map out a career for himself in the New 
World of promise. While he left Germany, it 
was not so much to escape military service as to 
preserve his natural rights, and this is evinced 
by the fact that he was one of the first to volun- 
teer on the breaking out of the rebellion. He 
landed at New Orleans, November 2S, isiio, 
proceeded almost immediately to St. Louis, and 
enlisted in the Fourth Missouri Cavalr\-. f^ater 
he joined the Second Missouri Artillery. 

He served until LS()4:, when he finally broke 
down from exposure and privation and was mus- 
tered out. He returned to St. Louis, and on 
his health being restored he went to Rollers' 
Commercial College, where he took a full course 
in mercantile tuition. On leaving school he 
secured a position as book-keeper for Sylvester 
Freeman, in the wholesale grocery business. He 
remained with Mr. P'reeman for one year, and 
on that gentleman selling out he became book- 



keeper and cashier for ^Messrs. Teichman & 
Companv, for whom he worked faithfully and 
zealously for fourteen years. In l.STH he started 
in business for himself, established the firm of 
Brockman & Company, and did a large and pros- 
perous commission business until the year 18iiO, 
when it was deemed advisable to incorporate 
the firm, which became known as the Brock- 
man Commission Company. 

The company does a very large business in 
general commission work, making a specialty of 
all kinds of grain, and more especially barley, 
the firm handling more barley than any other 
commission house in the West. It is also inter- 
ested in a large number of elevators in Ne- 
braska, on the Union Pacific Railroad, and 
receives enormous shipments of grain from these 
points from time to time. Parth- in connection 
with his business, and partly in pleasure, ]\Ir. 
Brockman has traveled very extensively, having 
visited all the leading points of Europe. 

]Mr. Brockman is a member of the ^Merchants' 
Exchange, having been admitted to membership 
in 1879. He served on the Board of Directors 
during the year l.SilO-!tl, and in the former year 
was nominated for the presidency-, but resisted 
strong pressure and declined to serve, preferring 
to devote his whole attention to the business of 
his house, and to give a loyal support to any 
member of the Exchange who might receive a 
majority of the votes. He has taken a prom- 
inent part in the policy of the P^xchange, and 
was a leader in the movement which succeeded in 
defeating the proposition to purchase the Plant- 
ers' House site for a new Exchange building. 

Mr. Brockman is a member of the Legion of 
Honor, and also of the Blair Post, G. A. R. 
He is a \ery ]o\-al Unionist, and is highly re- 
spected b\' those who fought with him in de- 
fense of the Union, thirty years ago. He is also 
connected with the Royal Arcanum, Lieder- 
kranz, the Odd Fellows, and Fair Grounds Club, 
and director in the Chemical National Bank. 

He married, ;\Iarch 4, l!S(i!l, Miss Emma 
Rhode, of St. Louis, and has had seven chil- 
dren, five of which are living, the oldest of 
whom, Arthur, is secretarv and treasurer of the 



DH GRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



:oiiiinission company established ])y his father. 
\nother son, William H., died November 1, 
1892, while in charge of the Omaha branch 
jf the Brockman Commission Company, and 
he other children are Annie, Nellie and Philip. 

CtKi.swoi.I), J. L., son of William I), and 
Maria (Lancaster) Griswold, was born in Ken- 
lucky in 1<S4;), and was reared in Terre Haute, 
[ndiana, where his father had settled in 1837, 
md was the law partner of J. P. Usher, Secre- 
:ary of the Interior 
inder Abraham Lin- 
:oln. Mr. Griswold, 
?ir., then went into 
railroad building and 
afterwards in the 
management of 
same. J. L. Gris- 
wold attended col- 
lege at Williston 
Seminary, East 
Hampton, ]\Iassa- 
chusetts, completing 
his education and 
returning home in 
the year lisiil, just 
after the breaking 
out of the war. His 
father was at that 
time president of the 
St. Louis, Alton & 
Terre Haute Rail- 
road, and yoting 
Griswold went into 
his office to learn the business. 
a portion of the " P.ig Four" 
the reorganization, in l.S(i4, M 
became j^resideut of the ()hi 
Railroad. 

The subject of this sketch was appointed by 
his father, jiay-master of the road, and he held 
the position until he attracted attention to his 
obvious ability, when he was appointed super- 
intendent of the western division extending from 
Vincennes, Indiana, to Kast St. Louis. He 
filled the position so well and inaugurated so 




The road 
svstem, a 



X: Missi 



Sr., 
^ippi 



many reforms, that he was shortly afterwards 
elected by the board of directors, general super- 
intendent of the entire road, occupying the posi- 
tion for four years. The gauge of the Ohio & 
Mississippi road was at that time six feet wide, 
and it was during Mr. Griswold's administration 
that the gauge was changed to standard gauge, 
the \er}- difficult work of completing the change 
without suspending traffic being completed in 
July, 1871. Railroad men were unanimous in 
their praise of Mr. Ciriswold for the able manner 
i n w h i c h he ha d 
arranged this mat- 
ter, and he was 
warmly congratu- 
lated by the direct- 
ors at the time, the 
entire change of 
track on the line 
between St. Louis 
and Cincinnati hav- 
ing been completed 
in the marvelously 
short time of eight 
hours, a distance of 
340 miles. 

Retiring from rail- 
road work he asso- 
ciated himself with 
Mr. H. S. Clement 
and Mr. Charles 
Scudder, and leased 
the Lindell Hotel, 
which was furnished 
in high style and 
issi, Mr. Griswold 
nterest in the Lin- 
Mr. Henry Ames, 
Hotel, the real 



June 
his 



)pened in IS 74. 

ilso retired, se 

lell to :\Ir. Scudder and 

ind purchased the Laclede 



estate becoming his own property. He has 
since devoted ten of the best years of his 
life to improving and beautifying the hotel. 
He has laid out upwards of $8"),(K)(), with the 
result that the Laclede is now among the most 
popular ho.stelries of the West, and one of the 
best hotels in St. Louis. Mr. Griswold attrib- 
utes nuich of the popularitv of the hotel to the 



224 



OLD AND NEW Sr. LOUIS. 



faithfulness and hard work of his very popular 
business associates, Mr. Wesley Austin and Mr. 
Alex. C. Howard. In addition to this hotel 
enterprise Mr. Griswold has been connected with 
several local enterprises. He is a shrewd and 
careful buyer of real estate, and some of his 
investments have been highly successful. 

He married in the year 1875 Miss Emih- W. 
Adae, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and has one daughter. 
Miss Nellie Griswold. 

LiONBERGER, John R. — "The evil that men 
do lives after them," weare told, with the cynical 
addendum that "the good is oft interred in their 
graves." Fortunately, there are many and no- 
table exceptions to this unfortunate rule, and one 
of these will be found in the case of Mr. John R. 
Lionberger, whose long and useful career was 
terminated by death shortly before this work 
went to press. During the last thirty years he 
was identified with important enterprises of 
almost every description, and for upwards of a 
quarter of a century he was a power for good in 
St. lyouis in an immense variety of ways. 
When the grave closed over his mortal remains 
on ]\Iay 20, 18ii4, it could not possibly efface 
either the memory of his example, or the influ- 
ence of his enterprise and honest work. 

He died a very wealthy man, but he was never 
a money-hoarder. When approached for a sub- 
scription to any good cause, he reached promptly 
for his check-book, and it is believed that his 
annual contributions to charitable movements 
approximated, if they did not exceed, $25,000. 
Most of his wealth was invested in and around 
St. Louis, and, indeed, much of it was the result 
of his promptness to realize that the St. Louis of 
before the war was but the nucleus for a great 
metropolitan city. 

John Robert Lionberger was born in \"\x- 
ginia, on August 29, 182SI. His father was 
descended from a well-known German family, 
and his mother belonged to an English-Scotch 
family which stood high in Virginia. When 
the subject of this sketch was but eight years of 
age his parents moved west, locating in Boon- 
ville. Cooper county, this State. After attend- 



ing the local common schools, John Rober 
entered Kemper's Academy in the town of hi 
jjarents' adoption, and subsequently took a clas 
sical course at the State University at Columbia 
Leaving college well equipped for a professiona 
career, he preferred to follow in the footsteps o 
his father, who was a successful merchant, an( 
for some years he was engaged in business ii 
Boonville. 

For a time the Cooper county trade was satis 
factory, but feeling that he was capable of bette 
things he decided to move to the leading cit; 
in the State, and five or six years before the out 
break of the war he moved to St. Louis, wit] 
which he was connected for nearly forty jears 
In 1855, almost immediately on his arrival here 
he established the wholesale boot and shoe hous 
of Lionberger & Shields, on Main street. Th 
partnership lasted about two years, when .Mr 
Lionberger purchased the interest of Mr. Shield 
and for some time managed the business as sol 
proprietor, under the style of John R. Lionberger 
Subsequently junior partners were admitted, aui 
the firm became known as J. R. Lionberger i. 
Company, under which title it flourished uuti 
18(j7,when he retired, lea\ing to his associates 
well-established and prosperous trade, and havini 
made for himself a fortune and reputation fo 
rectitude and business sagacity of which a ma: 
of twice his age might well have been proud. 

If his original intention in retiring was to res 
from his labors, the idea was speedily aban 
doned, for he at once became actively connects 
Avith errterprises of great public importance aui 
promising much to the city. All the grea 
projects for the past twenty-five years had hi 
earnest and energetic support. He was alway 
to the front in developing the transportatio: 
system of St. Louis, and was especially promi 
rrerrt in the affairs of what was then known a 
the North Missouri Railroad. When the fortune 
of that road were at a low ebb, the compan; 
with which he was identified took over the roai 
and completed it to Kansas City and the low; 
State line. If he did not actually suggest th- 
building of the big bridge, he was among th 
first to subscribe freely to the project, and th 



Ilh )GRArilR AL APPKXniX. 



;il)S()lute necessity of a Ijiidsje coiiiicctiui;- the 
Missouri and Illinois banks of the Mississippi 
was a subject of never-flagging interest to liim. 
When all hope of constructing the great high- 
way across the river was apparently abandoned 
lie injected new life into the enterprise, and 
rejoiced heartily when it was completed and the 
bridge formally declared open for traffic. 

Mr. Lionberger was one of the organizers of 
.he old Southern Bank, and was for many j'ears 
ts vice-president. In 18()4 this bank became 
;he Third Xational, and three yeiirs later he 
became its president. In 1S7B he visited 
Europe in search of rest and change, and rcturn- 
ng in 1878 he retired fronr the presidency, but 
consented to act as vice-president. Four years 
ater, after twenty-five years connected with the 
3ank, he retired, leaving the active work in the 
lands of younger men. He was also one of the 
:hief promoters of the wSt. Louis Safe Deposit 
lud Trust Company, now the Safe Deposit and 
5aviugs Bank, and was a director and large 
itockholder in this corporation when he died. 
fie had similar relations with the Merchants' 
■Rational Bank, as well as being an extensive 
lolder of Bell Telephone stock, and for a iium- 
)er of years had served that company as vice- 
iresident. 

Altogether, Mr. Lionberger was connected 
vith about eighty prominent companies during 
lis business career, serving on the board of 
nost of them. It is impossible to enumerate 
dl of these, but some of the most important 
uust be mentioned. He was a large stock- 
lolder in the Missouri Railroad Company ( the 
jlive street cable), vice-president of the old 
•it. Louis Gaslight Company, and jiresident of 
he Carondelet Gas Company, and for t\veiit\' 
.•ears president of the People's Railway Com- 
sanj- (the Fourth street cable), resigning that 
position in 1S.S4. 

He reorganized the Union Depot Kle\ator 
Company, and was its president until l^>!S!i, 
ibout which time he became identified with the 
Ignited F'levator Company, and was a director 
n tlial comiiaiu- at the time of his death. In 
ulditiciu tn these local lR)ldiii<'s, he was a lar^c 



owner of Granite ^lounlain stock when that com- 
pany was at the height of its prosperity, and alsn 
of Hope mining stock. When he sold out his 
mining shares he invested heavily in water- works 
plants at Atchison and Wichita, Kansas, and 
Fort Worth, Texas. Large interests in these 
]ilants will lie in\-eiitoried in liis estate, as well 
as considerable of the stock of the Montana Cat- 
tle Company, in the Ycllo\vstt)ne country, of 
which he was president at the time of his death. 
His St. I/Ouis realty alone was \-alued at nearh- 
half a million dollars. 

Mr. Lionberger was the first president of the 
vSt. Louis Clearing House, and a director of the 
Chamber of Commerce Association of St. Louis, 
and a member of the building committee whicli 
supervised the erection of the Merchants' Ex- 
change. He was also a member of the Board of 
Trade, and served it in iiiany honorable and 
useful capacities. 

Until 1891, uo amount of hard work affected 
the robust constitution of this mercantile and 
commercial leader, but during that and the fol- 
lowing year he visibly lost strength. In De- 
cember, 1892, he suffered a general nervous 
breakdown, complicated by functional derange- 
iiients which refused to yield to the most careful 
attention and medical skill. Diabetes was as- 
cribed as the immediate cause f)f death. 

Ill 18.")2 ;\Ir. Lionlierger married Miss Marga- 
ret M. Clarkson, of Columbia. Four children 
survive Mr. Lionberger, whose estimable wife 
died in 1882, since which time he has resided 
in his Vandeventer place home with his daugh- 
ter. Miss Mary. His other daughters are Mrs. 
John D. Davis and Mrs. Henry S. Potter, and 
his son, Mr. Isaac Lionberger, is also a resident 
of St. Louis. 

Several bodies passed resolutions of respect 
for the decea.sed, and the following extract from 
the minutes of the ^lerchants' National Bank 
may be quoted as but a sample of many 
others: 

Whkrkas, Death has removed from our lioanl 
our honored fellow-member, Mr. John R. Lion- 
berger, and has teniiinaled tlie iik-asant associ- 
ation which we enjoyed with him; and. 



22fi 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Whereas, We desire to put on record this 
memorial of the esteem and warm regard in 
which we held him; therefore, be it 

Resolved., That the board of directors of the 
Merchants' National Bank recognized in Mr. 
Lrionberger a man of exceptional usefulness to 
this community. He was a man who loved 
business for the sake of business, and not with 
exclusive regard to the profits accruing from it. 
From such men are made merchant princes. 
He was distinguished for his uniform courtesy 
and gentlemanly bearing, and for a kindness 
which was particularly evinced to the young and 
friendless; and, lastly, he was a citizen who 
promptly responded to the calls of public duty, 
and to all efforts for the promotion of enter- 
prises which redounded to the benefit of the 
city, and was always ready to meet the demands 
of private charity. Be it further 

Resolved., That this board shall attend the 
funeral in a body as a mark of our respect for 
his memory. 

West, Thoaias H., president of the St. Louis 
Trust Company, was born in Henderson county, 
Tennessee, in July, 184(i, and is therefore in the 
prime of a vigorous manhood. His chief inherit- 
ance was the sterling worth of an ancestry of 
strong characters and courageous energy. His 
father, John West, was a prominent and hon- 
ored citizen of that locality, and his mother, 
Martha ( Ashcraft ) reared him in the principles 
of integrity and generous notions. His educa- 
tion was acquired in his native State, and at the 
age of nineteen years he removed from Ten- 
nessee. Soon after, he located in Louisville, 
Kentucky, where he secured a position in a 
wholesale dry goods house as traveling salesman. 

After an experience of four years in that busi- 
ness, he bought an interest in a hardware house, 
in which he continued for about two years. 
About that time his father, who had been en- 
gaged in the cotton business, died, and the sub- 
ject of this sketch became his successor. So, 
in l-STO, he removed to Mobile, Alabama, where 
he continued in the business of handling cotton 
until ISSO; having, in the meantime, opened 



a branch house in New Orleans, Louisiana. 
He was compelled to leave Mobile on account 
of the fever epidemic of 1880, and coming tu 
St. Louis, established himself in business in 
this city. Branch houses, however, were con- 
tinued at Mobile, under the firm name of Allen, 
Bush &. West, and in New Orleans under the 
name of Allen, West & Bush, being subse- 
quently incorporated as the Allen-West Com- 
mission Company. 

In October, 188!», the St. Louis Trust Com- 
pany was organized and incorporated, upon a 
capitalized basis of $2,5()(),0()(), which has since 
been increased until it now has a capital of 
$;}, 000, ()()(), and its stock selling at par with 
only fifty per cent paid in. At the request of 
the directors, ]\Ir. West accepted the presidency 
of that great institution. Since that time he 
has given nearh' his entire attention to its 
management. Associated with him, as direct- 
ors, are the following well-known gentlemen, 
who constitute one of the strongest combinations 
in the country: John T. Davis, Daniel Catlin, 
Samuel W. Fordyce, Adolphus Busch, Henry 
C. Haarstick, William L. Huse, Charles D. 
McLnre, Alvah IMansur, Edward vS. Rowse. 
John A. Scudder, Edward S. Whitaker, E. C. 
Simmons, E. O. Stanard and J. C. Van Blarcom. 

The company is officered as follows: Thomas 
H. West, president; Henry C. Haarstick, first 
vice-president; Jno. A. Scudder, second vice- 
president; John D. Filley, secretary, and A. C. 
Stewart, counsel. John T. Davis, Sr. , was first 
\ice-president up to the time of his death. 

vSuch are the interesting and leading features 
of an active, useful life that is being rounded 
out to an honorable career as a portion of the 
commercial and financial history of St. I^ouis. 

Bacon, Williamson', president of the Tyler 
estate, and also a director of the ^Mississippi 
\'alley Trust Company, is one of the reliable 
mercantile leaders of St. Louis. For the last 
ten or twelve years his realty interests in this 
city have been enormous and he has so attended 
to them as to greath' enhance their value and 
revenue producing (jualities. He is looked upon 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



227 



y tlie local coniinercial wurkl as an e.\cei)tion- 
lly safe man, and his advice is sought very 
•eely when important questions arise needing- 
ronipt action. Mr. Bacon fortunately coni- 
iues energy with conservatism, and hence, while 
e is always ready to engage in a new venture, 
e seldom becomes identified with anything that 
oes not prove exceptionally profitable. 

Like so many Missourians, Mr. Bacon claims 
lentucky as his native State. His father, Mr. 
harles P. Bacon, and his mother, Mrs. Caroline 
Castleman) Bacon, 
ere both members 
f well-known blue- I 

rass State families, 
lid the subject of 
lis sketch was born 
1 Louisville on Xo- 
ember 2.5, l.s;{7. 
[e attended the 
rouisville schools for 
3me years and then 
ntered Shelby Col- 
e g e , Kentucky, 
'here he received a 
ery high-class edu- 
ation, which has 
roved of great value 
3 him in conducting 
he very important 
nancial trail sac- 
ions which have 
leen entrusted to 
lim with so much 
onfidence. 

When twenty-three years of age Mr. Bacon 
■stablished himself in Louisville as a wholesale 
jrocer. He met with success from the start, 
)ut soon realized that the Kentucky city did 
lot, especially at that time, offer sufficient in- 



/-^ 




lucements in the way of trade connections and 
acilities for a business of the magnitude he pro- 
posed conducting. Like all southern cities, 
[youisville suffered from the uncertainty caused 
ly the war, and by the interference with trade sissippi Valley Trust Company, forming 
'rom northern States. Feeling that this bin- ber of one of the wealthiest and most 
bailee might have serious results, Mr. Bacon de- boards ever elected by stockholders in : 



cided to move to New York, and in ISdH he 
established himself as a coffee trader in the me- 
tropolis of the United States. His business 
grew very rapidly, but he gradually abandoned 
the coffee trade in favor of stocks and bonds, 
and in l.S.SO his business in this line became ex- 
ceedingly large. 

Shortly afterwards circunistances led to his 
locating in St. Louis, an event of great impor- 
tance to the city, and one which business and 
real estate men heralded with no little sati.s- 
faction. In 18(5 1, 
shortly after his first 
entering into busi- 
ness, Mr. Bacon had 
married Miss Alice 
Tyler, daughter of 
Mr. Robert and Mrs. 
Mary L. Tyler, and 
he thus became in- 
terested in the great 
Tyler estate. On the 
death of Captain Si- 
las Bent he was urged 
to take chargeof this 
estate, and he finally 
consented to relin- 
cjuish his New York 
business and do as 
desired. 

Oil arri\-ing at vSt. 
Louis he organized 
the Tyler estate into 
a corporation, of 
which he became 
president. The wa>- in which he has managed 
the estate and conducted the affairs of the com- 
pany is beyond criticism; and among other 
results of his adniinistration, the placing on the 
market of a large quantity of eligible building 
sites may be specialK' mentioned. He has not, 
however, confined his entire attention to this 
estate, engrossing as its cares have been. .\s 
alreadv mentioned, he is a director in the Mis- 



WILLIAMSON BACON. 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



poratioii. He is also a director in the Crystal 
Plate Glass Company, one of the largest glass 
concerns in the world, and in addition has taken 
great interest in the development of the town of 
Madison, Illinois, being a director and large 
stockholder in both the Madison Car Company 
and the Madison Equipment Company. 

Mr. Bacon is now in his fifty-seventh year 
and in the enjoyment of excellent health. 
Manv years of usefulness are still before him, 
and in the development of vSt. Louis in the 
early future he is certain to take a very prom- 
inent part. 

Mr. Bacon has been a student almost all his 
life. After leaving college he continued his 
education for some years by private stnd\-, and 
he is an exceptionally well-informed man. 

Stkedman, Dr. I. Ci. W., is a native of .South 
Carolina, and was born in Lexington county of 
that State, in the year 1835. High courage, 
great strength of character and strong and sound 
native mental faculties, are marked characteris- 
tics of Dr. Steedman, and indeed of all his family 
and ancestors. His high qualities as a soldier, 
citizen, and scholar, have been rightly inherited 
from his ancestors, who, under General Wash- 
ington, Hampton, vSumter, and Marion, fonght 
for and assisted in establishing the freedom of 
the .Vmerican colonies. These ancestors were 
of the best blood of South Carolina; and his 
immediate living relatives have all done their 
share toward maintaining the famih' reputation, 
and are all men who have well performed their 
every duty in life. The Steedman blood had a 
war-like tendency, and several of these made 
good records as soldiers. 

At the age of seventeen, after a thorough 
academic training in the lower schools, the 
subject of this sketch in IS.'i^ entered the South 
Carolina Military Academy, on whose register 
the names of no less than six members of the 
Steedman family are enrolled. Of these were 
Colonel J. J\L Steedman, who was a double first 
cousin to our subject, wdio was a graduate of 
1854, and who served gallantly in the army of 
Northern Virginia throughout the war, escaping 



death and injury in battle to be finally assas- 
sinated by negroes at his home in Lexington. 
Captain S. D. Steedman, a brother of the Doctor, 
was a graduate of the class of 18(52, was adju- 
tant to the close of the war of the First Alabama 
Regiment, shared two years' imprisonment with 
his brother, is now a resident of Texas and has 
recently been judge of the Grayson county, 
Texas, court. Another brother was Lieutenant 
N. W. Steedman, who graduated in the class of 
lf><>4, who was a lieutenant in the Confederate 
ser\ice up to the close of the war, and after 
peace was declared took up his residence in 
Grayson county, Texas, where he died about 
1885. Furthermore, two younger brothers are 
undergraduates of the academy, having served 
a cadetship of one and two years, respectively. 
Dr. vSteedman's father, Reuben Steedman, was 
born in Lexington, South Carolina; his mother, 
Elizabeth Fox, is a native of the same place; 
they are both living at ripe old ages, and .resi- 
dents of Texas for twenty years past. 

Having determined to adopt the practice of 
medicine as a profession, after his graduation 
from the South Carolina Military Academy, in 
l'S5(i, he entered the South Carolina ^Medical 
College, at Charleston, where he took his first 
course. His next step was to go to NewOrleans, 
where he took two additional courses at the med- 
ical colleges and received his diploma from the 
Medical Department of the University of Louisi- 
ana. Having graduated in 185J), he at once be- 
gan the active practice of medicine and surgery 
in Wilcox county, Alabama, in the heart of the 
C(_)tton l.)elt. His practice had only fairly been 
started when it was broken xip by the civil war. 

Dr. Steedman's sympathies were with the 
South, and he soon determined to activeh' es- 
pouse her cause. He relinquished his practice, 
raised a company of one hundred young men, 
and this was the beginning of a most interesting 
military career. Of this company he was at 
once made captain, and offering his services to 
the Confederate army, with his company was 
ordered to Barrancas barracks, on Pensacola Bay, 
Florida. He was soon made colonel of the 
First Regiment Alabama Volunteers, and as 




cy 



lUOCRAPiriCAL APPF.XniX. 



■;ucli liad coiiniiaiul of Fort Uarraucas duriu<^ 
18(31-1)2, within which time it witlistood two 
bombardments from Fort Pickens and the F\-d- 
;ral navy. In l.S()2 the F'irst Alabama was re- 
:ruited to its full strength — 1,000 men, and in 
March of that year was ordered to Island No. 
m, Mississippi river, to support the left flank 
)f the Shiloh army. The reijiment was placed 
.11 charge of the heavy batteries on the ri\-er- 
lanks, where for six weeks it withstood a hea\-\- 
jombardment from the Federal army and gun- 
joats, and then was compelled to surrender. 
I^olonel Steedman, suffering with a double pneu- 
iionia, was put aboard a steamer and taken to 
3t. Louis and put in prison in IMcDoweirs Col- 
ege, Gratiot street. In I\Ia\-, 1<S()2, he had so 
'ar recovered that he was able to be transferred 
:o the prison at Camp Chase, near Columl)us, 
3hio. He was given parole to the limits of 
Columbus, and after a few months was sent to 
fohnson's Lsland in Lake Erie, where, acting on 
he request of the 3,200 officers there imprisoned, 
Dr. Steedman was by the Federal authorities, 
jlaced in charge of the hospital within the 
jrisoii walls. After stay of fotir months at 
[ohnson's Island, Colonel Steedman was ex- 
changed at Vicksburg in October, 18()2. By 
he end of the following month had recruited his 
)ld regiment to a thousand men, and was placed 
n command of the left wing of the fortifications 
it Port Hudson, on the Mississippi river, and 
lere he participated in the midnight bombard- 
nent that took place when Farragut's fleet at- 
empted to pass the fortifications. In May, 
18(;o, the siege of Port Hudson began, and con- 
;inued until July 8, when the garrison, reduced 
jy death, w-ounds, sickness and starvation, from 
^,000 to only 3,000 efficient men, surrendered to 
50,000. Colonel Steedman, again taken ])ris- 
iner, spent the balance of the war in no less 
han ten Federal prisons. As the Federal au- 
;horities had stopped the exchange of prisoners, 
le was not released until June 2cS, I si;."), at F\)rt 
Delaware. Colonel Steedman had llien been in 
;he army four years and four nioiUhs, two years 
iiul a half of which he had spent in ]irisoii. 
He had never recei\-ecl leave of absence during 



this time, and his protracted imprisonment alone 
pre\'ented the promotion which hedeser\ed, and 
which he certainly would ha\e recei\-ed could 
he have been exchanged. 

Although it was as a prisoner of war that Colonel 
Steedman got his first view of St. Louis, he was 
\ery favorably impressed with the city. One 
factor of this favorable impression was a \oung 
lady whom he first met while a prisoner. She was 
Miss Dora Harrison, daughter of James Harrison, 
who lived opjjosite the old McDowell Medical 
College, situated on the northeast corner of 
Eighth and Gratiot streets, and which had been 
turned into a military prison. Miss Harrison 
and family administered to the wants of the 
prisoners then confined in the old college. After 
his final parole from F'ort Delaware he again 
visited ,St. Louis a free man, andiuOctober, 18().5, 
he and Miss Harrison were married. He then 
determined to make St. Louis his home, and 
here in 186(i he again assumed citizenship and 
resumed the practice of medicine. In this he 
was successful. In 1880 he concluded to retire 
from practice and devote his time to his growing 
business investments. In order to more readily 
break away from his practice, he and his family 
visited Europe, remaining abroad a year, put- 
ting his three young sons in school in Paris. 

Since his return in 1881 he has devoted much 
of his time to business investments, and he is a 
I)usy man of affairs, and as stockholder, director, 
or officer, he is interested in a number of l)usiness 
enterprises. One thing to which he devotes 
special study is the development of electric 
traction and locomotion, which he wisely con- 
siders pregnant with great possibilities. Not- 
withstanding his other duties, the Doctor finds 
much time to devote to scientific research, and 
has never ceased to be an enthusiastic student. 
He has a taste for the natural sciences, and has 
an eight-inch reflecting telescope mounted on 
top of his residence. He takes a deep interest 
in the work of the ^Missouri Fish Commission, 
and was its chairman for eight years, but resigned 
in bssii. The breadth and liberality of his mind 
are constantly e.xhibited, and in no more strik- 
ing manner than the friendship he has mani- 



230 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOIUS. 



fested ill higher education. He has shown this 
belief practically by the excellent manual train- 
ing and university education he has given to 
his three sons. Although he has given up 
active practice he is a member of several of the 
medical societies and keeps in constant touch 
with the advance of medical science. And 
finally, it may with truth be said of Dr. Steed- 
man that as a soldier his career has been dis- 
tinguished by courage; that as a physician he 
was skillful; that as a citizen he is a benefactor 
of his fellow-men; as a scholar his learning is 
profound; the whole crowned with the fruitage 
of honorable success in life. 

Williams, Eugene F., the vice-president of 
the Hainilton-Browu Shoe Company, has a rec- 
ord that is an encouragement to any aspiring 
young man who means to win success in busi- 
ness pursuits, and a biography which, although 
brief, may be read with profit, showing, as it 
does, what pluck, industry and brains will ac- 
complish. Mr. Williams started out on his 
commercial career as a clerk in a store carrying 
a stock of general merchandise, at Savannah, 
Tennessee, at the munificent salary of fifty dol- 
lars per year, or less than a dollar per week. 
Although the salary was so small, he did his 
work as well and faithfully as though he were 
receiving the best of wages. In fact, he did his 
best; and that inclination and power to apply 
all his energies to the accomplishment of every 
enterprise he undertakes, is the key-note of his 
success. 

Air. Williams is the son of Benjamin F. and 
Mary F. (Garner) Williams, and was born in 
Lowden county, Mississippi, April ti, 1851. He 
received a public school education from the 
school at Siloam, ]\Iississippi, and at sixteen 
years of age accepted the situation above men- 
tioned in the store at Savannah, Tennessee. 
Here he remained just a }ear, and then con- 
cluded that his services were worth more than one 
dollar per week, and he accordingly resigned his 
position and returned to Lowden county, Mis- 
sissippi, where he .secured a clerkship in a dry 
goods store. Here he remained for three years, 



applying himself assiduously to the work of 
gaining the mercantile experience he so much 
needed. Ambition, as well as industry, was 
always one of his marked characteristics, and at 
the end of the three years he determined to seek 
a wider field of labor. He accordingly came to 
St. Louis. The first position he secured was 
with Hamilton & Brown, which then (about 
1872) was comparatively small, and had not at- 
tained the present immense proportions of its 
successor, as one of the largest shoe manufact- 
uring concerns in the world. Their ability to 
properly estimate men, as well as measures, has 
been a large element of Hamilton & Brown's suc- 
cess, and as they shrewdly saw at once the young 
Mississippian's commercial worth, they gave 
him a line of samples and sent him out on the 
road. 

Almost the first trip demonstrated that his 
emplo\ers had not been mistaken in their esti- 
mate of him. Possessed of an excellent address 
and an affable manner, he showed himself admi- 
rably adapted to this line of business, and during 
the time he was on the road succeeded in greatly 
extending the connections of the house. In 
fact, he proved himself of such marked value to 
the house, that after four years' service on the 
road he was admitted to an interest in the firm, 
which then became Hamilton, Brown (SiCompany. 
In December, 1888, it was incorporated as the 
Hamilton-Brown Shoe Company, and Mr. Will- 
iams was elected vice-president. Considering 
his youth, this action was a compliment of a 
high order to his abilities, and without j^rece- 
deut in the wholesale shoe trade of the city, but 
it was a step that the firm has never found rea- 
son to regret, for the other members of the house 
take pleasure acknowledging that his connec- 
tion was quite an acquisition to the business, 
and that the standing and success of the house 
to-da\' is largely due to his industry and keen 
business ability. 

Although young in years, his judgment and 
powers are fully matured, and he is to-daj- a 
man of high standing and influence in the com- 
munity, and a man who is looked upon with 
respect, and whose word has weight and au- 



BIOdRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



231 



lority. Sucli men are in great dcnuuid on 
le directory of varions companies and other 
■ganizations. Besides l^eing vice-president of 
le Hamilton-Brown Shoe Company, he is vice- 
resident of the National Bank of the Republic, 
id a director in several other mercantile com- 
mies. He has taken a deep and active inter- 
;t in advertising St. Lonis, and his good work 
as recently recognized by his election as a 
ember of the Commercial Clul). He is a 
Erector oi the Mercantile Clnb, and of the M., 
. (S: E. R. R., as well as vice-president and 
easurer of the Pitchfork I^and and Cattle Com- 
my. He is also a member of the transporta- 
on committee of the Mercantile Clnb, and of 
le governing board of the Jockey Clnb. Al- 
longh he has been off the road for a long time 
e is still very popular among the members of 
le Western Commercial Travelers' Association, 
[ which organization he is still a member. 
On the 2'2d day of December, 1««(), Mr. 
/illiams was married to Miss Georgia O'Neal, 
aughter of (ex-Governor) E. A. O'Neal, a 
andsome and very popular young lady of 
lorence, Alabama. 

Woi.KF, Edward Bates. — -A young man gifted 
oth 1)\- nature and education as a successor of 
is able father, and amply qualified to carry 
)r\vard to a still higher plane of success the 
usiness established by the latter, is Edward 
;ates Wolff, the senior member of the firm of 
I. \. Wolff & Company. He is a native of 
t. Louis, where he was born September l!, 
S.")i;. Through his grandfather on his father's 
ide he is of Polish origin, as the former was 
escended from a Polish family which came 
rom England to the United States at an early 
a\-. His grandmother on the same side of the 
otisc bore the name of Franklin, and was a de- 
ccnilanl of the great philo.sopher of that name. 

in IS li' the grandfather, with his family, came 
y boat from Eouisville, Kentucky, tOvSt. Louis. 
Larcus .\. Wolff, the father of the subject of 
his l)iogra]iliv, being at that time eleven years 
Id. The name of ^Lircus A. Wolff is inex- 
ricablv woven into the historv of vSt. Louis, 



where he struggled against povert\- and un- 
toward circumstances, and won a success that 
made him conspicuous as one of the able men 
of the metropolis. Especially is his name iden- 
tified with the history of the real estate business 
of the city, in which line he must be considered 
one of the most advanced pioneers. He was 
wholly a self-made man, and one of the noblest 
specimens of that type which has played such a 
conspicuous part in the development of Amer- 
ica. Of his marriage in liS;")^ to Miss Eliza J. 
Curtis, several children were born, of whom 
Edward B. is the second. 

Edward began his education in the public 
schools, finishing his common school education 
at the High School in 1873, his next educational 
step being to enter Washington LTniversity, 
from where he graduated with honor in 1.S7."). 
While still a student in the university he 
reached the conclusion that his tastes inclined 
him to the law, and as a result .soon after his gradu- 
ation he began the study of law at the St. Louis 
Law School, from which he received his diploma 
in 1880. After his admi.ssion to the bar he 
began practice, and during the five or six years 
which followed he succeeded in establishing an 
enviable reputation as an able and successful 
young attorney. He first formed a partnership 
with that celebrated attorney and orator Britton 
A. Hill. LTpon the dis.solution of this firm, Mr. 
Wolff formed a partnership with Frank J. Bow- 
man, and subsequently entered into a like 
arrangement with John O'Grady, the well- 
known railroad attorney, this ijartuershiji con- 
tinuing up to 188.^). 

In 1885, on account of failing health, his father 
was compelled to retire, and Edward reluctantly 
gave up his law practice and assumed charge of 
the real estate business, occupying the position 
of partner, but having full charge of all the 
details of the business. Shortly after he assumed 
charge, the younger brother, George P., was 
taken into the firm, continuing a partner until 
the spring of ISiU, when he withdrew, only to 
again be taken into the firm January 1, \>^\^i. 
On July 11, bsin, the father. M. A. Wolf, died, 
and althouirh the business is still run under the 



232 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



old name of M. A. Wolff & Company, the firm 
consists of the two sons, Kdward I>. and Cieoroe 
P. Wolff. 

In the real estate line the honse formed b)- 
'\\. A. Wolff in 18.')it, and carried on by his two 
sons to-day, is considered the first in the city, 
and possesses a record for years of sqnare and 
honorable dealing that inspires public confidence 
and is the main element of its success. It takes 
a small army of clerks, etc., to transact the 
large business of the honse, which, beyond 
doubt, employs a larger ofiSce force than any 
other real estate company in St. Louis. Acting 
as agents only, and never, under any circum- 
stances, allowing themselves to be misled into 
s^ieculation, yet realizing that their growth and 
prosperity depended on that of the city, the ex- 
tension of the business has been constant and 
unbroken. The aggregate sales of the half year 
ending June 30, 1892, amounted to the magnifi- 
cent sum of $700,0(10, while their rental busi- 
ness is, beyond doubt, the largest in the city, 
they having over 3,000 tenants. 

Mr. Wolff does not by any means de\-ote his 
entire attention to the dr\- details of business. 
He is of social inclinations, and is a nrember of 
the ^lercantile, St. Louis and Jockey clubs, 
and was a mem1)er of the Elks before the dis- 
bandment of that order. Like his father, whom 
he greatly resembles, he is active, patient, ener- 
getic, kind, courteous and generous in all rela- 
tions of life, by virtue of which he has won a 
high place in the regard of both the business and 
social worlds. Likewise a man of taste, a pa- 
tron of the arts, he owns oil portraits painted 
from life of all the majors who lia\-e e\-er held 
that ofhce in vSt. Louis, a collection as unique 
as it is valuable. 

This portrait gallery is one of the most inter- 
esting and valuable in the West, and besides 
possessing great local interest, it is looked upon 
as well worthy a visit by people who are only 
making a short stay in the city. The collection 
is of course without a duplicate, and both the 
present owner and his father have done a good 
service to the city, and to history generally, by 
making and preserving it. In many other ways 



Mr. A\'olff has given evidence of a very keen 
artistic taste. 

Mr. Wolff was married in 1887 to Miss Gail 
Yourtee, of Cincinnati. They have one child 
li\ing — a little girl called (jladys. 

Cook, Fraxcis Edmlstox, son of A. B. and 
Ada (Edmiston) Cook, was born in Houston, 
Texas, September, IS-to, just three months be- 
fore the Lone Star vState was admitted to the 
l^nion. His parents were both natives of Ohio. 
On his father's side Mr. Cook is of direct En- 
glish descent, his grandfather having been born 
in the Isle of Wight, in the British Channel. 
His mother's family has resided for many years 
in Delaware, her ancestors having been among 
the earliest settlers of that State. 

When Francis was a few months tdd, his pa- 
rents returned to Cincinnati, ( )hio, where he 
was educated in the public schools. After some 
careful study, he entered the Seventh District 
School and graduated with honors in 1858. He 
then entered the F^ourth Intermediate School, 
and after a year's course came to St. Louis, 
where he entered the Franklin School and grad- 
uated to the High in 18(1 1. After a )ear in the 
High School he entered the Illinois State Normal 
University at Bloomington, whence in 18(i;> he 
returned to the St. Louis High School and grad- 
uated in 18(;4. 

Young ]\Ir. Cook had develoj^ed such a desire 
for learning and such an aptitude for acquiring 
information that he decided to persevere in his 
studies and make himself thoroughly ^^roficient 
in e\-er}- branch. He accordingly entered the 
Philips Academy at Exeter, New Hampshire, 
whence he entered Williams College, ]\Iassachu- 
setts, graduating therefrom in the year 18()8. 
In 18(Jil Professor Cook returned to St. Louis, 
and was appointed principal of the Webster 
School. 

In 1870 he organized the Douglas School, of 
which he was appointed principal. In 1871 he 
was promoted to the head of the branch High 
School, of which he was principal for fourteen 
years. In 1885 he was transferred to the Carr 
Lane School, and in 1887 he became principal 



BIOGRAPinCAL APPENDIX. 



L)f the Wayiiian Crow School, a jiositiou he still 
accupies. Mr. Cook is recognized as one of the 
best teachers in the splendid corps of tutors now 
to be found in vSt. Louis. He is exceedingly 
popular among tlie pupils and is giving them a 
threat deal of tuition outside of the course of 
■;tudy and routine work of the school. 

Inl'STl Professor Cook was elected ])rcsideiit 
of the Teachers' Association of St. Louis, and he 
presided over that body with dignit\- aiul al)ilil\ 
for one year. He was one of the founders of the 
Teachers' Alutiial 
Aid Association, of 
which he was pres- 
ident for upwards of 
ten years, and he 
was the first pres- 
ident of the vSt. 
Louis Society of Ped- 
agogy, occupying 
the same position 
again many years 
later. He was" also 
one of the founders 
and first editors of 
the Western Maga- 
zine, a monthly 
publication of much 
interest, and he was 
a 1 s u appointed a 
meniher of the fac- 
ulty of the Stat c 
Training School. He 
now represents the 
Eighth C o n g r e s- 

sional District on the lulucational Committee of 
the State of Missouri, liaving been appointed to 
the position by the governor. 

Mr. Cook's writings ha\-e earned for him a 
high reputation outside the city which has for 
so many years claimed him as one of its hon- 
ored and learned citizens. He has contributed 
to a large number of magazines representing 
modern thought, and although his work has 
been too philosophical and thoughtful to become 
popular among the masses, it is highl\- apjire- 
ciated by the best judges and by those who are 




I-KANCI5 EDHISTON COOK. 



able to follow the careful lines of thought so 
abh- (}Utliued by the talented teacher and writer. 
Mr. Cook is an excellent public speaker and 
debater. He is blessed with an exceptionally 
pleasant voice and good delivery, and his recita- 
tions are deservedly jiopnlar in all circles. Mr. 
Cook is one of the vice-presidents of the vSt. 
Louis Writers' Club, and is one of the most in- 
fluential and valuable mcnd)ers of that body. 

He married in December, 1.S71, Miss .\nna 
Alexander, a graduate of the High and Normal 
schools of this city. 
He has three chil- 
dren, theoldest, Miss 
Stella, a very tal- 
ented young lady, 
now in the senior 
class of the High 
School; and Robert 
and Frank, aged re- 
spectively sixteen 
and thirteen, both of 
whom are attending 
school. 

In the historical 
section of this work 
reference is made 
to the record made 
by vSt. Louis Public 
School teachers, and 
more particularly by 
graduates from 
the High and Nor- 
mal schools. Prof. 
Cook is an admira- 
f the fact that St. Louis ranks 
leme as an educational center. 



lustration 
in the e: 



Watkrhocsk, Svi.vicstkr, a son of Samuel 
II. and Dollaf Kingman )\Vaterhonse, was born 
in Piarrington, New Hampshire, September L"), 
18;>(). In early boyhood he showed a marked 
aptitude for mechanical iHirsuits. His parents, 
recognizing his ingenuity, intended to educate 
him for the profession of architect or engineer, 
but the loss of his right leg by accident, which 
occurred May <>, 1H40, changed the whole course 



234 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



of his life. Physically disqualified by his mis- 
fortune for the career to which his natural tastes 
so strongly inclined him, he was constrained to 
choose a vocatioii which required less l)odil\- 
activity. He was fitted for college at Phillips 
Exeter Academy, from which he graduated with 
honor in l!S.')0. The debating society of this 
institution is an important element in its student 
life. On the rolls of the " Ciolden Branch," are 
the names of many who, in maturer years, 
attained eminence in almost every sphere of 
intellectual activity. Mr. Waterhouse was hon- 
ored with the presidency of this society, and at 
the close of his academic course was chosen the 
"orator" of the Golden Branch at its annual 
public exhibition. 

In the spring of 1851 he entered Dartmouth 
College, but preferring Harvard, went in the 
fall of the same year to Cambridge and was ad- 
mitted to the university without conditions. 
While proficient in general scholarship, he 
especially devoted himself to the study of the 
classics, and took a prize for the composition of 
Greek prose. He graduated with di.stinction in 
1853. In 1855 he finished his professional 
study at the Harvard L,aw School, and in the 
same year was appointed professor of the Latin 
languages and literature in Antioch College, 
Yellow Springs, Ohio. In 1857 Professor Wa- 
terhouse accepted a position in Washington 
University, St. Louis, where he has just com- 
pleted thirty-seven years of professional service. 
This department is Greek. He entered the 
university a few months after its formal inaugu- 
ration, and has served it longer than any other 
member of its faculty. 

During the civil war all the energies of his 
nature were enlisted in the cause of his country. 
Believing that a maintenance of their unity was 
essential to the prosperity of the United States, 
he was profoundly anxious for the preservation 
of the Union. Though unable to join the army, 
he was yet an active soldier. But the scene of 
his service was the study, not the field; and his 
writings in defense of the Union were very vo- 
luminous. 

Professor Waterhouse has alwa\s felt a deep 



interest in the industrial development of the 
West, and has actively co-operated with the 
State Board of Immigration in its endeavors to 
make known the resources of Missouri. He was 
a member of the Mississippi River Improvement 
Convention which was held in St. Louis, Feb- 
ruary lo, l.SliT; and in the same year he was 
tendered by Governor Fletcher the ofiice of as- 
sistant superintendent of the public schools of 
Missouri, but he declined the appointment. In 
February, 1868, three of his ex-pupils gave 
$25,000 to Washington University, the income 
to be applied, subject to the discretion of the 
directors, to the uni\-ersity professorship of 
Greek, in grateful recognition of his former 
pupils of the fidelity, learning and ability with 
which the present incumbent of that chair has 
for years past discharged his duties. 
, In 1871 Professor Waterhouse was appointed, 
by Ciovernor Brown, a member of the State Bu- 
reau of Geology and Mines, and in the follow- 
ing year he was elected secretary of the .St. 
Louis Board of Trade. In 1872-73 he made a 
tour around the world. In eighteen months he 
traveled about forty thousand miles. 

He was a member of the National Railroad 
Convention which met in St. Louis in 1.S75, and 
of the Mississippi River Improvement Conven- 
tion which was held at St. Paul in 1877. The 
executive committee of the latter body entrusted 
him with the responsible task of preparing the 
"Memorial to Congress." This address was a 
powerful appeal in behalf of the commercial 
interest of the West, and it is geuerall\- con- 
ceded that its unanswerable arguments influ- 
enced Congress, and were the cause of larger 
appropriations for the improvement of the river. 

He was appointed United States Commis- 
sioner to the Paris Exposition of 1X78, and the 
W^orld's Fair which it was proposed to hold in 
New York in 1 .S.S3. In 1883 he was a delegate t(^ 
the National Cotton Planters' Convention at 
\'icksburg, Mississippi, and in ISSl he was an 
honorary commissioner to the World's F'air at 
New Orleans. In 1885 he was appointed com- 
missioner from Missouri to the American Expo- 
sition which was held in London in 1887; in 



BIOCRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



I SSI) he was elected by the executive council of 
Slew York secretary of the National American 
rariff League for the State of Missouri, and he 
ivas chosen a member of the Xicaraj^na Canal 
Convention which was held in St. lyonis, June 
i, 18tt2. 

His fidelity to the university pennitted him to 
neglect no professional duty. Onl)- the spare 
flours which his official functions did not require 
vvere given to the study of economic issues, 
rhe concentration of purpose which is one of 
liis distinctive traits could hardh- fail to win 
success. For more than a generation his ener- 
2;ies have been devoted with quiet persistence to 
educational work. In the development of a 
liunible school into a great university, his in- 
fluence has been felt, not onh- in the advance- 
ment of sound classic learning, but also in the 
promotion of public friendliness to the institu- 
tion and in the increase of its endowments. 
Several departments of the university have been 
enriched by gifts which it is believed his sug- 
gestions prompted. The literary honors which 
have been conferred upon him are deserved rec- 
ognitions of his reputation as a scholar and of 
his skill as an educator. In 11SS3 he received 
the degree of LL.D. from the State University 
of Missouri, and in 1884 the degree of Ph.D. 
from Dartmouth College. 

Professor Waterhouse is an acknowledged 
authority in his specialties. The (Government 
has often employed his services. This recogni- 
tion of their value is only an official confirma- 
tion of the popular judgment. In the discus- 
sions which have closely connected his name 
with many great enterprises, he has always 
.shown the effectiveness of thorough investiga- 
tion. In his fondness for accuracy he has never 
mistaken scholarship for an end, instead of a 
means. With a positive distaste for verbal con- 
troversies and theoretical speculations, he has 
always sought to accomplish useful objects. 

The following passage, so full of just and 
appreciative criticism, is quoted from a sketch 
by Dr. Morgan: 

"Professor S\lvester Waterhouse is confess- 
edl\- one of our most arduous and successful 



brain-workers, and the service rendered by him 
to the city of his a(lo])tion are inadequately 
represented 1)\- a list of his writings, or by an 
enumeration of the positions of honor and trust 
which he has been invited to fill. It nia\-, in 
all sincerity, be said that his many acquaint- 
ances consider him equal to any responsibilities 
which he might choose to assume, and show by 
experience that when Professor Waterhouse has 
felt at liberty to serve on various commissions he 
has certainly proved his ability to bring to such 
tasks rare qualifications. Apart from an unusu- 
ally clear and analytical mind and a comniaud 
of language which enables him to express con- 
cisely and lucidly any conclusions at which he 
may have arrived. Professor Waterhouse has 
an uncommon share of that intellectual integ- 
rity which constitutes the chief grace of excep- 
tional men." 

The writings of Professor Waterhouse have 
been numerous and varied. He has chiefly dis- 
cussed industrial questions. The extension of 
western railroads, the improvement of the Mis- 
sissippi river, the establishment of local iron 
works, the naturalization of jute and ramie, 
the development of the resources of Missouri, 
the advantages of skilled labor, the national 
need of a navy and of the construction of the 
Nicaragua Canal, are some of the topics which 
have occupied his versatile pen. His writings 
have been received with gratifying proofs of 
public favor. All of his formal jn-oductions 
have been republished, and the circulation of 
some of his articles has reached an aggregate of 
several hundred thousand copies. The success 
of many public enterprises is partly due to the 
influence of his writings. 

Professor Waterhouse has spent years of labor 
in efforts to promote .\merican prosperity. The 
motive of his work has not been mercenary; 
with the exception of pay for services rendered 
the Government, no compensation for any of 
these productions has ever been accepted. Such 
an instance of public .spirit is worthy of unre- 
served praise, and is an example of no])le 
unselfishness. 

In 18(i7 Profes.sor Waterhouse was thrown 



23G 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



from a carriage and liadh' hurt. Since that 
time he has never been free from pain. Tlie 
spinal injury was more serious than that which 
caused his lameness. The result of the earlier 
accident was the loss of a limb; the effect of the 
later injur\- is incessant suffering, which bodily 
or mental exertion only intensifies. Under con- 
ditions so unfavorable to literary effort, most 
men would have abstained from all avoidable 
labor; but though the inevitable penalty of in- 
dustry has been increased distress, the restless 
energy of Professor Waterhouse would not allow 
him to be idle. 

The writings of Professor Waterhouse have 
been so numerous that we can only mention 
some of the most important. These include 
a series of articles on the cause of the Crimean 
war, entitled, "The Protector of the Holy 
Places," (written at Harvard in 1SS4); "The 
Statesmanship of Washington," ( b'^lil ); "The 
Danger of Disruption of the Union, and the Ne- 
cessity of a Free Mississippi," (LSdM); "His- 
toric Illustrations of the Effects of Disunion," 
( l.H(i4); "TheFinancial Value of Idea," (l.SdT ); 
"The Resources of Missouri," (l«(i7); "St. 
Louis the Future Capital of the United ^States," 
(DeBow's Review, 186.S); "The Natural Adap- 
tation of St. L,ouis to Iron Manufacturers," 
(pamphlet, IJSIiit); "Letter to Governor B. G. 
Brown on Skilled Labor," (1870); "Letter to 
Hon. (ieorge Boutwell, Secretary of the Treas- 
ury, on the Location of the Post-Ofifice in vSt. 
Louis," (1.S72); "The Advantages of Skilled 
Labor," (lcS72); "A Speech in Acknowledg- 
ment of the Ciift of a Gold Watch and Chain by 
the St. Louis Board of Trade," ( 1.S72); "Lect- 
ures on Personal Travels in Jajian," (1S74); 
"The Culture of Jute," (IX7(;); "Sketch of 
John P. Collier," (1877); " ^Memorial to Con- 
gress," (prepared for the Mississippi Improve- 
ment Convention at St. Paul, 1877); "Com- 
mercial Suggestions of the Paris Exposition," 
(1879); "A Sketch of St. Louis," (Census of 
Social Statistics, 18S»0); "A Tribute to Harvard 
University," (in response to an invitation to 
attend a meeting of the Chicago Harvard Club, 
l<S.s;^); " Remarks on the Hundredth Anniver- 



sary of the Phillips-Exeter Academy," (pam- 
phlet, Lss;', ); "An Addresstothe National Cotton 
Planters' Convention at Vicksburg,Mississippi," 
( rejjort of proceedings, 1883); "Chapters on 
the Early History of St. Louis," (in Scharff's 
History, 1883); "The Parks of New York City," 
( written at the request of Hon. Luther R. Marsh, 
chief of the New York Park Commission, re- 
port, 18.S4); "The Indu.strial Revival of Mex- 
ico," (translated into Spanish, 1884); "Ad- 
dress to the International Association of Fairs 
and Expositions, St. Louis," (1884); "Address 
to the First National Convention of Cattlemen, 
St. Louis," (1884); " The Necessity of Diversifi- 
cation of Southern Industries," (1885); "Causes 
of Financial Depression," (1885); " Letter on 
the American Fair in London," (1885); "Ad- 
dress to the St. Louis Harvard Club," (in com- 
memoration of the 250th anniversary of Har- 
vard University, 188(;); "Historical Sketch 
of St. Louis," (in Vol. XIX., Social Statistics 
of the Tenth U. S. Census, 1887); "Appeal to 
the People of His Native State ( New Hamp- 
shire ) in Behalf of vSt. Louis as the Site of 
the World's I'air," (ISIIO); "American Com- 
merce in IllllO," ( 18111 ); "The Mississippi and 
its Affluents, ' ' ( 18H2 ) ; " The Importance of our 
Northern Woodlands to the Navigation of the 
Mississippi," (18!I2; translated into German). 

Thoroughjiax, Thomas, is proud of being a 
Missourian. His father owned a farm near the 
boundary line dividingthe counties of Clinton and 
Buchanan, in Northwest Missouri, and upon this 
was spent the boyhood and youth of the subject of 
this sketch. His educational advantages were 
only such as were offered by the common coun- 
try district schools, and of these Mr. Thorough- 
man took eager advantage and improved upon 
the advantages by a varied course of historical 
reading. He chose the legal profession, and 
upon arri\ing at his majority went to St. Joseph, 
where he placed himself under the care and 
tutelage of active practitioners at the bar. He 
entered upon his studies under the preceptor- 
ship of Messrs. Craig & Jones, who enjoyed 
distinguished positions at the bar. For more 



BIOCRAPHfCAI. APPENDIX. 



2:M 



lliau twi 
phv ..f 1 



irs he studied history, tlic pliiloso- 
nd the science of political econom)-. 

In is.'i4 he was admitted to the bar, and 
easily took an enviable position among the most 
prominent and able of the younger members. 
Two years later he was appointed assistant city 
attorney of St. Joseph, and at the next popular 
election he was o\-er\vhelmingly chosen city 
counselor. In his new office he exhibited such 
ability to cope with the other members of the 
bar, whether junior or senior, as steadily dre\y 
to him all the while 
a large and personal 
clientage. At this 
measure of success 
he did not, like most 
young men so fa- 
yored, feel that his 
education was com- 
pleted and that his 
development was up 
to the full measure 
of the man which he 
had jMctured in his 
early asijirations. 

After his term as 
city counselor of St. 
Joseph had expired, 
he was elected cir- 
cuit attorney of the 
circuit then presided 
over by Judge E. H. 
Norton, but lately 
the di.stinguished 
chief justice of the 

Supreme Court of the State of ^Missouri. The 
majority l)y which he was elected to this im- 
portant office, that of public prosecutor, was so 
pronounced as to l)e a rare testimonial to liis 
many manly virtues. 

In tlie midst of his official term the civil war 
came on, and he espoused the cause of the Con- 
federacy. Young though he was at the time, 
his advice was often .sought by the leaders of 
the Confederate cau.se in tlie West. He was 
actively engaged in many of the exciting skir- 
mishes and battles on the western frontier. 



After ])articipating in the battle of I<:ik Horn, he 
was ordered forward to engage in the battle of 
Pittsburg Landing, but the troops came to the 
field after the battle had terminated. Later, he 
was selected, with others, 1)y Governor Jack.son, 
and commissioned to return to Mi,s.souri and 
raise troops for the Confederate service, and 
while on this mission, in company with his life- 
long friend. Judge Alexander Da\is, he was 
captured by the Federal troops and made a iiris- 



oner of war. For 




THOnAS THOROHOHMAN. 



ined 



that 



\ear he was confined 
in different pri.sons 
in Mi.s.souri, but later 
paroled by President 
Lincoln, upon the' 
express condition 
that he should leave 
the State and exile 
liimself in one of tlie 
Territories west of 
the Missouri river. 
Pursuant to this 
])ar<ile,in.May,l.S(i4, 
he located at \'ir- 
ginia City, ]\Iontana, 
where he immediate- 
ly plunged into tlie 
legal practice as a 
partner with Judge 
Alexander Davis. 
Here he soon forged 
to the front of his 
profession, and his 
a1)ility yielded large 
returns in fees. Had 

etion, he might have 



represented the Territory of Montana in Con- 
.gress, for so high was he in the confidence and 
esteem of the citizens that he was urged from 
all parts of the Territor\- to make the race. 

In I'SCil he removed from .Montana to .St. 
Louis, with his old partner, and at once entered 
into a large and lucrative practice. Later, 
Judge II. L. Warren was associated as a mem- 
ber of the firm, and it became recognized as one 
of the leading law firms of .St. Louis. A few 
years subsequent, Judge Davis retired from the 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



law practice, leaving the firm to be continued 
by Air. Thorougliman and Judge Warren. It 
was during this period that the firm became the 
attorneys and counselors of the St. Louis, Iron 
iMountain & Southern Railway Company, which 
it ably filled until 1881. 

Colonel Thoroughman, since establishing him- 
self in St. Louis, in addition to prosecuting with 
vigor and success the practice of law, has always 
taken an active interest in public affairs, and dur- 
ing many a political campaign his voice has been 
heard upon the hustings, proclaiming sound 
Democratic doctrine with fervid eloquence. 

Colonel Thoroughman is strong as an advocate 
and sagacious as a lawyer. His mind has been 
enriched by wide and varied reading, which a 
splendid memory places constantly at his com- 
mand. Few men are more persuasive and more 
cultivated and cultured, and as popular as public 
speakers. Had he been ambitious for office, none 
within the gift of the people of the State could 
have been too exalted to have been bestowed. 

He has always exhibited an especial interest 
and tender sympathy for the young man just 
entering upon a professional career, and many 
a faltering step of the young practitioner has 
been steadied by his experienced hand, and 
many a fainting heart emboldened by the unself- 
ish courage which he has imparted. 

He has reared a large family, and while yet 
in the vigor of intellectual and physical man- 
hood, has had the jsleasure of seeing se\-eral of 
his children launched successfully upon their 
mature careers. In partnership with a son and 
son-in-law, he is still engaged in the practice of 
law at St. Louis. 

Gregg, William Hexrv, isof Scotch descent, 
and was born in Palmyra, New York, on March 
24, 1831, and is a lineal descendant of Cap- 
tain James Gregg, who in 1(590 emigrated from 
Ayr, Scotland, to Londonderry, Ireland, and 
in 1718 to New Hampshire; he being one of the 
sixteen heads of families who settled at and 
founded the town of Londonderry, New Hamp- 
shire, which was at first called Nutfield. Mayor 
Samuel Gregg, of Peterboro, New Hampshire, 



the great-grandfather of the subject of this 
sketch, was born in Londonderry, New Hamp- 
shire. He served in the Colonial army during a 
part of the "French War," and took an active 
part in the Revolutionary war as a major in the 
New Hampshire militia. His brother. Colonel 
William Gregg, was an officer in the Lhiited 
States army, and had an important command 
under General Stark at the battle of Bennington. 

John Gregg, the father of William Henry 
Gregg, was born at Greenfield, New Hampshire, 
and came to Palmyra, Wayne county. New 
York, about 1822, where he married Anne Wil- 
cox, daughter of William Wilcox, and grand- 
daughter of Gideon Durfee, one of the founders 
of Palmyra, who had emigrated from Ti\-erton, 
Rhode Island. John Gregg was engaged in 
the iron business from 1824 to 184.") in Palmyra, 
L>"ons, Perry and Rochester, New York. 

In 1845, his health failing, he went to Nash- 
ville, Tennessee, taking his son, William, with 
him, and in March, 184(5, came to St. Louis, 
where he had a brother, Abraham Gregg, of the 
firm of Gregg & Ross, manufacturers of scales 
and other brass and iron work. A sister also 
resided in St. Louis, married to Mortimer X. 
Burchard, Sr., who owned and operated the 
.Etna Foundry, on Second street between Pine 
and Olive. John Gregg died in St. Louis the 
spring of his arrival here, jVIay, 1846, and his 
son, William H., then fifteen years old, began 
work in his uncle Burchard's foundry, at which 
he continued about one year, and then returned 
to Palmyra, New York, where he entered a gen- 
eral country store as clerk, remaining there 
until November, 1849, when he returned to St. 
Louis, and has resided here ever since. Mr. 
William H. Gregg first obtained a situation 
with Mr. Jerome, furniture dealer on Olive 
street, afterwards was clerk with Rogers & 
Barney, wholesale hardware dealers, and in 
July, 1890, entered the employ of Warne & 
IMerritt, wholesale and retail dealers in wooden- 
ware, hardware and house furnishing goods, on 
iMarket street. 

On Januar\- 1, 1S.')4, he was admitted as a 
partner in the house, the firm composed of 






■f-'^m- 




nHHiR. \rifIC.\L APPENniX. 



239 



M. W. Waruc, W. H. Mcrritt, William H. Ckegcj 
and Francis A. Lane. In August, 1<S;')(), Messrs. 
jMerritt and Ciregg retired from the firm, and 
became members of the firm of Cuddy, Merritt 
& Compan}', owning and operating the old and 
well-known Broadway Foundry and Machine 
Shops, on Broadway between Wash and Carr, 
and Carr and Biddle streets, running through to 
Collins street. This concern was established in 
l.s;34 by Kingsland, Lightner & Cuddy, and had 
grown to be, with one exception, the largest con- 
cern of the kind west of Cincinnati. The firm 
was composed of James Cuddy, W. H. Merritt, 
William S. Cuddy and William H. Gregg, Mr. 
Gregg having charge of the books and finances. 
The concern did nearly all the rolling mill and 
iron furnace construction work west of Cincin- 
nati at that time, and the firm and its predeces- 
sors, Kingsland & Cuddy, built the Chouteau, 
Harrison & Valle WxW, in North St. Ivuuis; the 
Jdlm S. Thompson Xail and Rolling Mill, in 
South St. I^ouis; the Ravuor Mill, on Cass 
avenue, and the Jones, Loyd & Company Mill, 
at Paducah, Kentucky. They also did a large 
amount of architectural iron work, notabh- all 
in the old post-office and custom liouse, corner 
Third and ( )live streets. 

Messrs. Merritt and Gregg sold out of the con- 
cern in Fel)ruar\-, bS.')7, and Mr. Gregg, in Ma\- 
of iliat Near, formed with Jolin S. Dunham the 
lirni of Dunham & Gregg, who bought the 
steam bakery on Fourth street of Mr. McAnulty, 
and conducted the manufacture and sale of 
crackers and army bread until 18()5, when the 
firm was dissolved. Soon after the firm com- 
uienced l)usiness, Mr. Charles ]\IcC\'Uiiey, who 
had established a fine connnission and grocery 
business, was admitted a partner, and the two 
kinds of business were continued together, but 
under the separate names of Dunham & Gregg, 
and C. ;\IcCauley S: Company. The business 
was a very successful one, as the concern had a 
large trade in its manufactures and mercliandise 
all over the South, West and Northwest, and a 
profitable commission and forwarding business in 
Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and New 
Mexico. 



The conimencement of the war in l.S(!l inter- 
rupted the business, and Mr. McCauley retired 
from the firm, Messrs. Dunham &.(iregg retain- 
ing the steam bakery, which thev ran exclu- 
sively on army bread for the Government until 
the close of the war in bSii.'), and in addition 
built and operated, with other parties, a very 
large concern in Louis\ille, Kentucky, in the 
same business. The firm of Dunham &: Gregg 
was dissolved in the fall of IX(if), and Mr. Gregg 
remained out of any regular business until Ma\-, 
1867, but with a number of other St. Louis gen- 
tlemen organized the St. Louis Petroleum Com- 
pany, which put down some wells near Paola, 
Kansas, which were not successful; and with 
some others bought of the Government the 
steamer General Price, formerly the tow-boat 
Ocean, in the towing business from the Balize 
to New Orleans. The boat was put into her 
old trade, but was not a financial success. 

In May, ISiiy, Mr. Gregg assisted in organiz- 
ing the Southern White Lead and Color Works, 
the name of which was afterwards changed to 
the Southern White Lead Company. The 
stockholders were Robert Thornburgh, Wm. A. 
Thornburgh, Wm. H. Gregg, Henry S. Piatt, 
John T. De Moss and James Johnson, wluy also 
composed the first board of directors. The ex- 
ecutive officers were Wm. H. Gregg, president; 
Henry S. Piatt, vice-president; F. W . Rockwell, 
secretary, and James Johnson, superintendent. 

The com])any was a very successful one from 
the beginning of its career, and built up a large 
and profitable trade, extending its business into 
every State and Territory in tlie Union, as well 
as into Canada and Mexico. In bSST the Mc- 
Birney & Johnston White Lead Company of Chi- 
cago was absorbed by the vSouthern White Lead 
Company, and from that time on the company 
operated the factories in both cities under the 
Southern company brands. In IS'SK the .stock- 
holders in the company sold their stock to the 
National Lead Trust, which afterwards became 
the National Lead Company, with headtiuarters 
in New York. 

Mr. ('regg remained with lUe new organiza- 
tion about five months, in charge of the Southern 



240 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



coiiipaii\'s business, and also as first vice-presi- 
dent in charge of the St. Louis Smelting and 
Refining Company, whose works for the reduc- 
tion of lead and silver ores, and refining bullion, 
are located at Cheltenham, St. Louis. \\\ 
November, lS.s;i, he resigned all his offices in the 
organization. 

During the fall of l^il'l he organized the 
William H. Gregg White Lead Company, with 
William H. Gregg, president; Norris B. Gregg, 
vice-president, and William H. Gregg, Jr., 
secretary, and commenced to build works on the 
Wabash railway and Clayton road near Boyle 
avenue, but before their completion, sold out to 
the Southern White Lead Compan}-. 

Since that time he has spent his time quietly 
at home and in travel, mostly north in the 
summer and in Florida in the winter. He is 
fond of angling, and spends most of his time at 
resorts de\-oted to that sport. He is a stock- 
holder in various enterprises, institutions, banks, 
etc., among them the Mound City Paint and 
Color Company, who are manufacturers of lin- 
seed and castor oils, with mill and elevator on 
Clayton road and Wabash railway, and makers 
of a great variety of paints and painters' sup- 
I^lies, with factory corner Second and Howard 
streets, and store and office, 4-<)() and 40.S Xorth 
Second street. His sons and son-in-law run the 
business. 

Mr. Gregg was married on November 21, 
1855, to Miss Orian Thompson, step-daughter 
of Matthew Rippey, Esq., a well-known lumber 
merchant. He has five children — Norris B. 
Gregg, president ]\Iound City Paint aiul Color 
Company, who married May Hawley, daughter 
of Captain Geo. E. Hawley, of Paddock-Hawley 
Iron Company; Wm. H. Gregg, Jr., vice-pres- 
ident Mound City Paint and Color Company, 
who married Lily Kurtzeborn, daughter of A. 
Kurtzeborn, president Bauman Jewelry Compan\- ; 
Clara J., who married Charles M. Hays, vice- 
president and general manager Wabash Rail- 
way, son of Sam'l Hays, formerly postmaster 
in St. Louis, and president of the Missouri 
Pacific Railroad; Julia F., who married Fl H. 
Dyer, secretary of Mound City Paint and Color 



Company, and .son of Hon. I). P. Dyer; anc 
Orie L. Gregg, unmarried. 

Mr. Gregg has never held ain- city, State oi 
national office; his military career was confinec 
to the first lieutenanc\- of a Home Guard com- 
pany during the war, but never in active service 
except occasional guard duty in the city. H« 
has been a director in the Mechanics' Bank, the 
Mound City IMutual Insurance Company, and £ 
member of the committee of arbitration and ap- 
peals of the JNIerchants' Exchange. He ha; 
never been connected with any religious organ- 
ization, is a Mason, but not at present affiliatec 
with any Lodge. 

As a boy he was a Whig, and since the organi- 
zation of the Republican party, has been a Re- 
publican, but is not a partisan, especially in 
municipal affairs. His tra\-els have been con- 
fined to all the States and Territories in the 
L^nion, except Texas and Alaska, and nearh* all 
Europe, the north coast of Africa, and Canada 
and Cuba. 

HuGHHs, Charles Hamilton, ?iI.D., comes 
from royal Welsh stock, the family being known 
in English heraldry as the Hughes of Gwercles 
in FMeirnion, County of ^Merioneth, Wales. 
This renowned family was granted armorial 
bearings November 4, Kilit, when Sir Thoma? 
Hughes was knighted at Whitehall, Mr. Hughe.'^ 
then having his seat at Wells, Somerset, and at 
Gray's Inn, being a barrister at law. 

Richard Hughes, a descendant and member 
of this famih', and the great-grandfather of the 
subject of this sketch, came to America and 
settled in Pennsylvania. He fought in the 
Revoliitionary war, after which he located in 
Virginia, married and had four sons, the oldest 
of whom was named after him. Richard 
Hughes, Jr., moved to Allen county, Ohio, in 
\'^i^^, and raised a large family, among the 
children being Harry J., father of Dr. Hughes, 
who married Miss Elizabeth R. Stocker, daugh- 
ter of Capt. Zachius Stocker, founder of Eliza- 
bethtown, Indiana. 

Dr. Hughes was born in St. Louis, near the 
little mound where the first reservoir was placed. 





'A^- 



</ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



241 



i\-in,i;- in .St. Louis till nine years of ajje, when 
lis parents moved north, liis father having be- 
:onie associated in many business enterprises on 
the upper Mississippi. His early education was 
:omnienced in a private school on North Fifth 
street, near Wash and Carr streets, and contin- 
ued in the public schools and in the primary 
department of St. Louis University. Later he 
was sent to Dennison's Academy, at Rock Island, 
Illinois, and completed his literary school train- 
ing in Iowa College, then under the manage- 
ment of professors from Amherst, Ma.ssachusetts. 

Dr. Hughes began the study of medicine un- 
ler the tutelage of Dr. John T. O'Reardon, at 
Da\enport, Iowa. Dr. James Thistle, who went 
from Natchez, Mississippi, to Davenport, was 
also one of his preceptors, and while under 
Dr. Thistle's teaching Dr. Hughes enjoyed 
the friendship and medical assistance of Dr. 
Thistle's brother-in-law, the distinguished Dr. 
Cartwright, of New Orleans. 

Dr. Hughes' medical studies were concluded 
for graduation at the St. Louis Medical College, 
where, after a four years' course of private and 
collegiate medical study he graduated in IS.")!). 
During his student days he was engaged for a 
year as acting assistant physician in the United 
States Marine Hospital, of St. Louis. On gradu- 
ating he visited the principal colleges and hos- 
pitals of the East, and on the outbreak of the 
war he entered the (roverumeut service as assist- 
ant surgeon, being promoted to full surgeon in 
July, 1<S()2. He was then placed in charge, by 
Medical Director Madison Mills, V. S. .\., of 
the Hickory Street Post Hospital, and the Mc- 
Dowell's College Prison Hospital, and the vScho- 
field Barracks, including the vStragglers' Camp 
of this city. 

Dr. Hughes' medical services throughout the 
war were of the most valuable character to the 
Government, for he had charge of the forces from 
St. Louis to Pilot Knob, Missouri, for two years, 
and during the last of Price's raids into Missouri 
he had also medical charge of the refugees and 
freemen. He was mustered out in l.Sii.'), having 
earned from he<id([uarlers the praise of having 
the best field hospital in the ser\-ice. 



He was one of the youngest surgeons to receive 
a connnission in the Union army, and on leav- 
ing the service he was placed upon the board of 
management, and in l-Slif) was elected to the 
medical superintendency, of the Missouri State 
Lunatic A.sylum, at Fulton. He remained at 
the head of this large institution for over five 
years. 

Dr. Hughes early identified him.self with the 
Association of Superintendents of American 
Institutions for the Insane, now the American 
IVIedico-Psychological Association. In l^^TH, 
at the International Medical Congress held at 
l'hiladeli)hia, he read before the section of 
psychiatry the first American contribution ever 
made before any public association on the inter- 
esting subject of the "Simulation of Insanity by 
the Insane." This paper was pronounced at 
the time, and is still regarded by competent 
judges, as the most systematic and complete 
treatise extant upon tliis important subject in 
forensic psychiatry. His previous essay at 
Nashville, Tennessee, before the Association 
of Superintendents, entitled "Psychical or 
Physical," being an inquiry into the relations 
of mind and organism, made a marked impres- 
sion upon the association and the profession 
generally. His contribiUions since that time 
have been numerous and almost constant, and 
he has editorially, for the pa.st eleven years, 
conducted and published the Alienist and 
Neurologist, a journal of scientific, clinical and 
forensic psychiatry and neurology, which he 
founded in LSSO. 

Dr. Hughes' coulribiUions to psychiatry have 
been too numerous for designation here. In 
IsiKi he became connected with the Marion- 
Sims College of Medicine, and held the chair of 
professor of psychiatry, diseases of the nervous 
system and electro-therapy in that institution 
of medicine uj) to the spring of 18!t2, later being 
called to take a similar chair and the presidency 
of the faculty of Barnes Medical College, in 
which position he still continues. 

Besides his membership in the .\meriean 
Medico-Psychological .\ssociation, the doctor is 
a member of the American Neurological Society; 



242 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



the American IMedical Association; the Missis- 
sippi Valley American ]\Iedical Association, of 
which he was president in 1891; president of 
the Neurological Section of the Pan-American 
.Medical Congress of 1898; vice-president of the 
Medico-Legal Congress for 1892; vice-president 
of two sections of the International Medical 
Congress of 1873. He is a member of the St. 
Louis Medical Society; Missouri vState Medical 
Societ}', and member of the judicial council of 
the American Medical Association. He is an 
honorary member of the British Medico- Psycho- 
logical Society; corresponding member of the 
New Yoi-k Medico-Legal Society and of the 
Chicago Academy of Medicine, and other pro- 
fessional bodies. 

Dr. Hughes has been twice married. In 187;) 
lie married the handsome and accomplished 
daughter of H. Lawther, Esq., of Calloway 
county. His first wife was a Miss Addie Case, 
daughter of Luther Case, and cousin of Dr. 
George Case, of this city, a ver)- bright and 
charming lady. The doctor had three children 
by his first wife; of his last marriage, three 
children have been born. 

Walbridgk, Cyrus Pack.\rd, mayor of St. 
Louis from 1893 to 1897, was born July 20, 
1849, in Madrid, New York. His father, Orlo 
Walbridge, was a Alethodist preacher, and his 
mother, Maria .\lthea Packard, was a lineal 
descendant of the Hydes, of England. The 
pastor moved out west when his son was an in- 
fant, and was for many years a circuit rider in 
the Northwestern States. 

Cyrus P. Walbridge, during his boyhood, 
worked on the farm of his father, and with his 
brother managed the farm during the absence 
of the father on his circuit. At the age of eight- 
een years Cyrus entered Carletone College, 
Minnesota, and afterwards went to Ann Arbor 
University and took the law course there. After 
his graduation he went to Minneapolis, Minne- 
sota, returned to the farm and remained until he 
had obtained his majority, when he came to vSl. 
Louis and began the practice of law. 

He had been engaged in his profession only 



two years when Jacob S. ]\Ierrell, a pioneer in 
the wholesale drug trade of the West, took him 
in his house as a legal adviser and in that posi- 
tion sent him about the country straightening 
business matters which had become confused. 

The young man was very successful at this, 
and Mr. Merrell placed more responsibility upon 
him year by year until he became a member of 
the family. He was thrown into the acquaint- 
ance of Miss Lizzie Merrell, the eldest daughter 
of the head of the firm, admired her and mar- 
ried her, and when a few years later Mr. Merrell 
died, his heirs made Mr. Walbridge the admin- 
istrator of the estate and president of the com- 
pany. 

In l.SSl he became interested in local politics 
and his Ward sent him to the House of Dele- 
gates, where he served for two years and declined 
a re-election. 

In l.S,S9 he was nominated by the Republicans 
as president of the Council, and elected at large 
by a vote of the whole city. About the same 
time the Western Wholesale Druggists Associa- 
tion elected him president. As president of the 
Council he was ex-officio and acting mayor of 
the cit\- whenever the mayor was absent, and 
on several extraordinary occasions was placed in 
a position where his executive ability became 
conspicuous. 

In 1893 the Republican City Convention unan- 
imously nominated him for mayor, and he was 
elected by a large majority. He has one son, 
whose name is Merrell Packard Walbridge. 

ScuLLiN, John, the president of one of the 
largest and best equipped street railroad systems 
in America, ranks among the wealthiest and 
most enterjirising men in the cit\'. He has 
helped to re\'olutionize the street car service of 
St. Louis, and it is diiificult to overrate the 
value of Mr. Scullin's enterprise to residents 
and property holders south of the Alill Creek 
Valley. The elegant cars of the Union Depot 
Company run to all parts of the south and south- 
west, bringing the bluffs of Carondelet within 
easy access of the cit}- proper, and making 
Tower Grove and Lafayette parks accessible to 




c>«^^^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



'US of tlioiisaiidsof j)eopIe who otherwise would 
c unal)le to enjoy tlieiii at all. They also 
fford a one-fare ser\'ice from one end of St. 
.ouis to the other. 

The president of, and the ownerof a controllino; 
iterest in this company was born in St. Law- 
mce county, New York, August 17, 183ti. Mr. 
cullin's parents were Mr. Nicholls and Mrs. 
[ary Scullin, the later formerly Miss Kenney. 
'he common schools of St. Lawrence county, 

I the State of his birth, were the first in which 
le lad obtained any education, but he subse- 
iiently attended a course in the Potsdam ( New 
ork ) Academy. At an early age he com- 
lenced work, and his first engagement was in 
Dnnecticju with the building of the Grand 
'runk Railroad of Canada. 

After being connected with this compain- for 
iree or four years he moved to the Northwest, 
nd in 18(53 he commenced business in Fort 
nelling, Minnesota, as a railroad contractor. 

II 18(34 he went to Idaho, attracted by the 
;ports of gold discoveries. The only means 
f transportation were ox teams. Hostile 
idians were met on frequent occasions, and 
nee seven of the party were slain by a party of 
;d skins. Finally, all the mountains and rivers 
fere crossed, and after an arduous journey 
xtending over six months Virginia City was 
sached. 

This trip was one of the few mistakes Mr. 
icullin has made in his life. He was entirely 
isappointed with the surroundings, and about 
lie first thing he did on his arrival was to make 
rrangements to get awa\-. He started on his 
Jturu trip as .soon as possible, and arrived in 
lew York in November, 18(i5. In the follow- 
ng year he again started westward, and the 
ear 18(i() found him located in Leavenworth, 
Kansas. In the same year he entered into a 
ontract for construction of a portion of a 
entral branch of the Union Pacific Railroad, 
ow part of the Missouri Pacific, and he built the 
jrty miles of road having the town of Water- 
ale for its terminus. He then constructed a 
ortion of the Missouri \'alley Railroad from 
lavannah to Marvsville, Missouri, and in l.S(>.s 



he built twenty-five miles of the Rock Island 
Road between Leavenworth, Kansas, and Platts- 
burg, Missouri. 

In the fall of 18(59 he was engaged in the 
construction of the Mis.souri, Kansas & Texas 
Road between Junction City, Kan.sas, and Che- 
topa, in the same State, and from Sedalia, Mis- 
.souri, to Chetopa, and through the Indian Ter- 
ritory to Denison, Texas. Two-thirds of this 
great railway system was built by Mr. Scullin, 
and subsequently he constructed several miles 
of track on the Galveston, Harrisburg & San 
Antonio Railroad, and al.so on the Deni.son 6c 
Southeastern Road. 

Before these extensive contracts had been 
carried out, Mr. Scullin had taken up his resi- 
dence in St. Louis. He became interested soon 
after his arrival in several street railroads, 
including the Union I)e])ol, Mound City and 
Jefferson avenue lines, but he did not give to 
these the attention which has marked his later 
career. In 1<S82 he was made general manager 
of the ^lexical! National Railroad, with head- 
quarters in the City of Mexico, but in the fol- 
lowing \-ear he returned to St. Louis and 
accepted the presidenc\- of the Wiggins Ferry 
Company, a position he still holds. 

Mr. Scullin is also vice-president of the Mis- 
sissippi Valley Trust Company, president of the 
ICast St. Louis Electric Railway Company, and 
the East St. Louis Connecting Railway Com- 
panv, being also a director in the St. Louis 
National Bank. 

But the jjosition best known and appreciated 
by St. Louis people that is held by Mr. vScullin 
is that of president of the Union Depot 
Railwav Company. Within the last few years 
he has arranged and carried out one of the most 
important street railroad deals ever attempted in 
this city. By it the Union Depot Company 
absorbed both the Mound City and the Benton- 
Bellefontaine companies, the consolidated lines 
forming, as already stated, one of the largest 
street railwav systems in America. The con- 
solidation and building of .several connecting 
links has made communication between the 
extreme northwest and southwest possible, and 



244 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



by the most liberal system of transfers passen- 
gers are now carried as far for fi\e cents as the}' 
traveled formerly for fonr or five times that 
amount. The new cross-town road he is now 
constructing along Nineteenth street and other 
streets north, will tend to perfect this admirable 
system. 

In politics Mr. vScuUin is a Democrat, but he 
has alwavs declined political pi'eferment, his 
tastes not h'ing in that direction. He is a most 
successful manager, and is popular in the extreme 
among his army of employes. As a financier he 
has few equals, and as a railroad manager he 
has not a rival. 

Vlx. Scullin married in IS.')!) Aliss Hannah 
Perrv, of Montreal. He has five children, 
including Harry J., the vice-president and assist- 
ant general manager of the Union Depot street 
railroad system. The eldest daughter is now 
;\Irs. DeGest, of Paris, and the younger chil- 
dren's names are Frederick, Lenore and Charles. 

Lawrence, Dr. J. J., is not only a promi- 
nent physician and a phenomenally successful 
medical editor, but is also one of the most enter- 
prising and loyal citizens of vSt. Louis, in which 
city he has resided for more than a quarter of a 
century. He has been conspicuous in his efforts 
on behalf of almost every public work of recent 
years. One of the first to recognize the impor- 
tance of securing the World's Fair for St. Louis, 
he spared no effort in his zeal to secure a favor- 
able verdict from Congress. Subsequently when 
it was proposed to start the Autumnal Festivi- 
ties Association the Doctor not only wrote a 
check for a very liberal donation, but also gave 
the association the benefit of his valuable expe- 
rience. Being recognized as one of the most 
able journalists in the city, he was placed upon 
the advertising committee of the association; 
and when this committee enlarged the scope of 
its work and became known as the Bureau of 
Information, no man labored more earnestly in 
its behalf than Dr. Lawrence. 

This talented and wealthy physician was born 
in Edgecombe county, North Carolina, January 
28, 183(). The full name of this well-known 



gentleman, is Joseph Joshua Lawrence. He is 
of Revolutionary ancestry on both the paternal 
and maternal sides; his fourth removed paternal 
grandfather was of Anglo-Norman descent, and 
a native of Norwich, England. The son of this 
old ancestor was Frank Lawrence, a noted 
Indian fighter, and his son, Joseph Nathaniel 
Lawrence, the doctor's great-grandfather, was 
lieutenant of the Continental army under 
Washington. His son (the Doctor's grand- 
father) was Joshua Lawrence, an eminent 
Baptist minister and author. Dr. Lawrence's 
father was Bennett Barrow Lawrence, a promi- 
nent cotton planter in ante-bellum days. The 
Doctor's mother was Martha Francis, daughter 
of Judge Jesse Cooper Knight; her mother's 
Revolutionary ancestor was Augustin Clement 
de Villeneuve, Chevalier de Berthelot. He was 
a captain of French troops under Lafayette, and 
was killed at Yorktown, in 17H1, fighting for 
the American cause. 

.\fter receiving a university and medical edu- 
cation. Dr. Lawrence was married on May 8, 
1S.')!I, to Josephine, daughter of Colonel B. F. 
Edwards, of North Carolina. Dr. and Mrs. 
Lawrence have only two children — Mr. Frank 
Lawrence and Mrs. Henry .\. Siegrist, of this 
city. 

The Doctor was a captain in the Confederate 
army during the war between the States. He 
practiced medicine a short time after the close 
of the war, and then moved to St. Louis. In 
l'S7;i he commenced the puljlication of the 
Medical Brief, which he still publishes, and 
which has now the largest circulation and is 
financially the most prosperous of any medical 
publication in the world. It has an immense 
advertising patronage, and is one of the hand- 
somest and most readable magazines published 
an>-where. 

The Doctor is devoted to St. Louis, and is a 
great believer in its future, as is witnessed by 
his owning several valuable pieces of St. Louis 
real estate. Dr. Lawrence is noted for his 
universal good humor, his optimistic views, 
and his practical business ability — qualities 
rarely found combined in the same person. 




CO<Ay-ULn^-' 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



245 



LdXG, Rdward Hkxrv, stiperinteiideulof the 
St. lyouis public scliools, and one of the ablest 
instructors in tlie country, was born in Livonia, 
Livingston county. New York, October 4, LSJiS, 
and is hence about fifty-four years of age. His 
fatlier, Mr. John Long, was a native of New York, 
but his great-grandfather was Ijorn in Germany, 
and having emigrated to this country during 
tlie colonial period, fought through the Revo- 
lutionary war, and in IfSlO moved from the 
State of Pennsylvania to New York. On his 
mother's side Mr. 
Long's ancestry is 
also both interesting 
and honorable. His 
mother, Mrs. Eliza- 
beth (Miller) Long, 
traces her lineage 
from the Swiss, her 
forefathers having 
located in Pennsyl- 
vania during the 
time of W i 1 1 i a m 
Penn. 

P^dward Henr)- was 
educated in the com- 
mon schools of his 
native county, whicli 
were of the high class 
character generally 
found in New P^n- 
gland. From the 
common schools he 
entered a district 
high school , and hav- 
ing earned some money by teaching district 
schools he entered the Genesee College, now 
the Syracuse University, where he maintained 
himself by his own labors and made great prog- 
ress in his studies. When only twenty-nine 
years of age he was engaged as principal by the 
Public School Board of Buffalo, and in LSTO his 
ability having attracted the attention of the 
St. Louis Board, he was appointed principal of 
one of their Schools. He proved an excep- 
tionally able tutor and introduced a number of 
valuable improvements into the method of 




EDWARD MENRV LONG. 



tuition and management, and so convinced the 
Board of his ability that in the year 1H74 he was 
elected assistant superintendent. 

For six years Mr. Long filled this position, and 
his hard work earned golden praise from his 
principal and from the Board generally. While 
insisting on good work from the teachers, he ex- 
hibited a never-tiring patience and was always 
willing to help a teacher to master the many 
difficulties which beset his i)alli. In ix.SO .Mr. 
Long was elected superintendent of the schools, 
and for upwards of 
fourteen years he has 
filled the position in 
an excellent manner. 
Results speak for 
themselves, and the 
splendidcondition of 
the St. Louis public 
schools, which are 
the admiration of the 
entire continent, is 
due in a great meas- 
ure to the hard work 
and sterling aljility 
of Mr. Long. P'ol- 
lowing in the foot- 
steps of Professor 
Harris, he has car- 
ried out in a con- 
scientious manner 
the progrannne laid 
out by that eminent 
professor, and he lias 
also introduced 
which have had a 



methods of thoronghne: 

marked effect on the results obtained. 

Mr. Long's administration has not been in 
any degree sensational. He has introduced a 
number of reforms, but speaking generally his 
object has been to maintain the high standard 
of excellence in which he found the schools, and 
to bring up the weaker ones to the same high 
plane which marked the majority of the .schools. 
He is thorough in everything he undertakes, and 
the main feature of his policy is that a child 
must learn to read and write thoroughly before 



246 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



it can hope to acquire a higher education. He 
has argued that a child must learn the actual 
meaning of words as well as the mere principles 
of spelling, and he has given to the Kinder- 
garten branch an immense amount of fostering 
care. 

Tiie system of mathematical training adopted 
by Mr. Long and so vastly improved by him as 
to make the system almost entirely of his own, 
has proved a great success, and he has earned 
from all, teachers and parents alike, expressions 
of warm approval and praise. He has acted 
with marked impartiality with the teachers, 
has no favorites, and onh- recognizes ability 
and earnestness as worthy of ajiproval. 

Mr. Long married in the year l.S(;2 Miss Ovira 
J. Wilcox, of Monroe count) , Xew York. He 
has one daughter. 

P>RVSOX, JOHX Paul, M.D., was born April 
Ki, lS4li, at Milecross, near Macon, Mississippi. 
His father's name was James Bryson, and his 
mother was Eliza (Banks) Bryson. James 
Bryson was a planter, owned a large plantation, 
and was a man admired for his great strength of 
character, uprightness and fair dealing. ]\Irs. 
Bryson's family was from Culpepper county, 
Virginia. It had connections through Virginia 
and Georgia with the Alexanders, Hendersons 
and Banks, and was large and well known. Dr. 
Bryson's grandfather, John Bryson, was a native 
of Argylleshire, Scotland, and had estates in 
the North of Ireland. His wife was Helen 
Campbell, of the famous Argylle family, and 
was related to the celebrated Alexander Camp- 
bell. 

Dr. Bryson was born, reared and educated on 
his father's plantation. His education was first 
received in the local and grammar schools, and 
later by private tuition. As a boy he was 
imbued with the scientific spirit, having what 
may be termed scientific enthusiasm even when 
very young, and every study connected with 
biology was always of especial interest to him. 
Trained by his father and a fine tutor, and with 
these tastes and surroundings, he grew up intel- 
lectually as well as physically vigorous. 



His studies were interrupted by his entrance 
in the army in 18(53. He was sent to \'irginia 
with the Army of Virginia, where he served for 
two years. He returned to his home after the 
war and renewed his studies under his old tutor, 
and subsequently read medicine under Dr. S. \'. 
D. Hill, of Macon. 

He came to St. Louis in the latter part of 
August, I.S()H, during the cholera epidemic, and 
entered the Humboldt Medical College, the first 
of the medical colleges that attempted to teach 
by thoroughly scientific methods. At the head 
of the college was the late Dr. Adam Hammer, 
one of the greatest teacliers in medicine St. Louis 
ever had. Then for the first time the scientific 
dream of his life was realized. He was able to 
mingle with that coterie of scientific men in St. 
Louis who were educated under the thorough 
fierman scientific system. He came in contact 
with the school of men who composed the old 
Hegelian Clul:) of St. Louis, which was the 
origin of the Concord School of Philosophw 
He was graduated in 1S()8. 

.\fter graduation he was for one year assistant 
surgeon of the City Hospital. Then, in the fall 
of 18(i9, he went into private practice, being 
associated with Dr. William L. Barrett. 

Dr. Bryson is a member of the principal 
medical societies of this city. In 1S70 he was 
made demonstrator of anatom\- of the Missouri 
Medical College. He held that position for two 
years. Then he became connected with the St. 
Louis Medical College as instructor, first in 
general pathology, then in anatomy, and last in 
plnsiology. After fifteen years of service as 
instructor and clinical lecturer he occupied the 
chair in genito-urinary surgery, which chair he 
still holds. This is the medical school of the 
Washington University. 

Dr. Bryson is in the enjo}nient of a large and 
lucrative practice, and is regarded throughout 
the entire West and South as being without a 
peer in the specialty to which he has given the 
study of a life-time. He devotes himseli 
exclusi\'eh- to the practice of his profession, and 
has never held any public office of an}- kind. 
Although he has ne\-er been connected with au\- 




^^\ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



247 



public enterprise in an ostentations manner, he 
lias always been a loyal St. J^onisan, and a 
worker for and contributor to e\erytliin,!^ de- 
signed to benefit the cit>-. 

He has taken i)articular pride in the ser\-ices 
he was able to render to the poor and to medical 
education in his large clinical experience at the 
college dispensary and in the hospitals. He has 
been for ten years surgeon to the Mnllanphy 
Hospital, one of the oldest in the city, and has 
done more than his share of work without charge 
in behalf of suffer- 
ing humanit\-. 

The Doctor mar- 
ried in 1.S7;; Miss 
Mary Sterling Win- 
ter, daughter of 
William Drew Win- 
ter and Sarah ( Ster- 
ling) Winter, of 
Ba\ou Sara, Lou- 
isiana. The mar- 
riage took place in 
St. Louis and re- 
sulted in the birth 
of two children — a 



boy : 

after 
Mrs. 
and 



md a girl, 
gliteen years 
her marriage 
Bry.son died, 
last year the 
Doctor led to the al- 
tar Miss J ea n n i e 
Richmond, of Wood- 
.stock, Vermont. 

CAMPBELL, J.WIK.S.- 
this work reference is 




JA.MliS CAMPlSliLL 



-In an earlier chapter in 
made to the influence of 
the introduction of ra])id transit into St. lA)uis 
on the city's manufacturing, mercantile and 
financial growth. As is pointed out in that 
chapter, ten years have not elapsed since work 
was commenced on the first street railroad of 
fill dc siccle order in St. Louis, but we ha\-e to- 
day a system of rapid transit unexcelled in the 
entire country. The improvement has not been 
the result of a general movement among citi/ens, 
but rather the outcome of the enterprise and 



jjerseverance of a few capitalists and workers, 
among whom the subject of this brief sketch 
occujMes a prominent position on account of the 
exceptional value of his .services. For about 
eighteen years he has been connected with local 
.street railroad interests, directly or indirectly, 
and it is interesting to note that he was brought 
into contact with our street railroad service by 
being appointed receiver for a hor.se-car line, 
which, thanks largely to his efforts, is now an 
electric railroad, and a source of profit to its 
owners as well as to 
those owning prop- 
crt\- in the territor\- 
Uirough which its 
cars run. 

.Mr. Campbell is 
a CO nip ar a t i vel y 
xounginaii. He was 
born in Ireland, in 
1.S4.S, but his recdl- 
lections of the Old 
Country are more 
than indistinct, as 
he was but two years 
of age when his par- 
ents crossed the At- 
lantic and located at 
Wheeling, West Vir- 
ginia. When the 
warbroke out, young 
Campbell, who was 
then about twelve 
years of age, became 
attached to General 
I''remont's staff as messenger. His promptness 
and attention to dnt\- secured for him the friend- 
ship of the General, who, when relieved of his 
command, took the lad with him to New York, 
and introduced him to the brokerage business in 
that city. The work pro\'ed congenial to young 
Mr. Campbell, who soon justified the confidence 
and friendship of his benefactor and friend. 

i\Ir. Campbell became connected with St. 
Louis as the immediate result of General Fre- 
inont's interest in the Southwestern Pacific 
Railroad. In 1^7.') the (General acquired a con- 



24S 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



trolling interest in this corporation, and in the 
following year young Mr. Canipl)ell was sent on 
to St. lyouis, where he became a member of the 
land-office department, fii l.SHS, before he was 
barely of age, he decided to enter upon the 
practice of the profession he had been studying 
for the last six years — civil engineering, serving 
as assistant engineer on the Iron Mountain and 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas until 1871. In 1871 
he was appointed chief engineer of the old Kan- 
sas City, Memphis & Mobile Railway, a position 
he retained until 187-4. 

In 187() Mr. Campbell was appointed assignee 
for the Northwestern Street Railwa}- Company, 
of St. Louis, now better known as the 
Mound City Railroad. For fourteen months 
he lent his attention to the straightening 
out of the affairs of this company, and he 
then established himself as a stock and 
bond broker, giving especial attention to local 
securities. During the last fifteen or sixteen 
years he has built up one of the largest broker- 
age connections in the West, and he now occu- 
pies a palatial suite of offices on the ground floor 
of the Rialto Building. 

vSpace prevents a detailed statement of the 
various corporations with which Mr. Campbell is 
connected. Prominent among them ma}- be 
mentioned the Mississippi Valley Trust Com- 
pany, the Edison Illuminating Company, the 
Union Depot Railway Compau}-, and the Citi- 
zens' Electric Light and Power Company, of 
East St. Louis. Last year he conducted suc- 
cessfully the negotiations which resulted in the 
amalgamation of the Union Depot, Mound Cit>' 
and Bellefontaine railway system. 

Mr. Campbell is regarded as one of the wealth- 
iest as well as the most reliable business men of 
St. Louis, and his advice is eagerly sought for 
when enterprises are suggested involving hea\'y 
expenditure. 

Laughlix, Hkxrv D., son of Tarlton C. and 
Anna (Hopkins) Laughlin, was born in the 
mountains of Bath county, Kentucky, January 
21, 184.S. He was educated in a log school- 
house near Mount Sterlino-, Kentuckv, but his 



education was interrupted b\' the war, which 
led to the breaking up of the school system ir 
his district to a great extent. At the end of the 
war he spent two years on a farm and ther 
entered the law department of the Kentucky 
University, at Lexington, where he graduatec 
in the class of 18()M. 

He came to St. Louis in February, 18()!l, anc 
was admitted to the bar in May of the samt 
year by Judge Irwin Z. Smith, of the Circuii 
Court. He then proceeded to practice law, firs 
in partnership with Mr. Charles G. Mauro 
and subsequently alone. In the year 1878 h( 
was elected judge of the Criminal Court, ant 
occupied the position for four years, durinj: 
which he had to try no less than fifty-two mei 
for murder in the first degree. He quit th( 
bench in 1882 in poor health, and for about oni 
year was engaged in the tobacco warehous( 
business. The work was not at all congenial t( 
him, and on his regaining his health in ISSo Ik 
returned to the practice of law and entered inti 
partnership with Mr. R. H. Kern, under th( 
firm name of Laughlin & Kern, which subse 
quently became Martin, Laughlin & Kern, b} 
the admission of Judge Alexander Martin, win 
is now dean of the Law School University, a 
Columbia, Missouri. The partnership was dis 
soh'ed when Jtlr. Alartin mo\-ed to Columbia 
and Mr. Kern going to Chicago, Judge Laugh 
liu took Mr. George J. Tansey into the firm 
which became known as Laughlin &; Tansey. 

Judge Laughlin is an able lawyer, well ac 
quainted with both civil and criminal law, anc 
is regarded on the bench as exceptionalh- brill 
iant. Since he recommenced practice he ha: 
been connected with a large number of impor 
taut commercial cases, and he organized tin 
National Hollow Brake Beam Company, witl 
offices at Chicago. Senator Barnum, of Con 
necticut, was the first president of this impor 
taut corporation, and Judge Laughlin succeedec 
the Senator on the death of that gentleman. 

The Judge married in March, 1874, Miss Elk 
Hayues, daughter of Mr. J. E. Haynes, a well 
known commission man of vSt. Louis. He ha: 
four children — Randolph, Hester Bates, Elmy; 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



249 



Adams, and Robert Tansey. He is now at the 
heijijht of his career, vigorous alike in mind 
and body, and a logician with few eqnals in the 
talented bar of Missouri. 

CrK KENWOOD, Moses Jr., is one of the acti\'e 
and reliable real estate men who have during 
the last decade assisted so materially in develop- 
ing the material interests of the city and in call- 
ing the attention of outside capitalists to the 
intrinsic value of St. Louis property generally. 

Mr. Greenwood 
does not belong to 
the " boom " order 
(if real estate men, 
and his work has al- 
ways been of a con- 
servative, although 
energetic, character. 
His high standing 
in the communit\- 
and his reputation 
for sterling integrity 
has led to his being 
entrusted with ex- 
ceptionalh- 1 a r g e 
sums of mone\- for 
investment, and his 
clients'interestshave 
been i n \- a r i a b 1 y 
watched and w e 1 1 
cared for. 

He has been ex- 
ceptionally fortunate 
in introducing out- 
side capital, and has consummated several deals 
of large magnitude, negotiating the sale of the 
old Benton farm to a \'irginia syndicate, and 
selling to local syndicates large sections of 
property in the western part of the city, includ- 
ing Chamberlain Park and Rose Hill, these 
deals involving about a half million dollars. 
On several occasions he has visited England, 
l)resenting the merits and advantages of St. 
Louis as a field for safe investments, in ISi^'S 
selling a part of the Sutton homestead for 




MOSES GREENWOOD 



luu 



/eslors, and in 18112 to 



another English syndicate. East vSt. Louis prop- 
erty to the extent of considerably more than 
half a million, and the .same purchasers have 
since arranged to very largely increase their 
holdings in the prosperous railroad town on the 
other side of the big bridge. 

This successful real estate operator and agent 
was born in New Orleans. His father and 
grandfather were members of the firm of Moses 
(ireenwood & Son, which for nearly lialf a 
century did an enormous trade in cotton at a 
time when there was 
big money in that 
great staple of the 
South. He was edu- 
cated at Roanoke 
College, Virginia, 
and after completing 
his regular studies 
he turned his atten- 
tion to civil engi- 
neering, mastering 
every detail of the 
profession. After 
graduating with dis- 
ti net ion, he con- 
nected himself with 
the M i s s i s s i p ]) i 
River Commission, 
occupying the posi- 
tion of assistant civil 
engineer for about 
four years. In 1882 
he came to St. Louis, 
the headquarters of 
the River Commission, and three years later in 
connection with ;\Ir. Alfred Carr started in the 
real estate business, under the firm name of Carr 
& Greenwood. 

This partnership lasted for four years, and in 
18510 Mr. M. M. Greenwood, father of the sub- 
ject of this sketch, came to St. Louis and the 
firm was organized under the name of Green- 
wood & Company. Of the success of the firm, 
mention has already been made. In five years 
its sales aggregated nearly ten million dollars, 
and in addition to the work already spoken of 



250 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



it made a number of large purchases for the 
Merchants' Bridge and Terminal Railway Com- 
panies, including the entire site of the town of 
Madison. 

Although so activeh- engaged in business of 
the first importance, ?ilr. Greenwood has not 
allowed secular matters to monopolize his ener- 
gies and attention. No man has worked more 
earnestly for the Sunday-schools, both of the city 
and the country, than he. As president of the 
St. Louis Sunday-School Union he has made 
that bod\' one of the strongest in the countr\-, 
and on the occasion of the Seventh International 
and Second World's Sunday-School Convention, 
held in St. Louis, in September, IXH.'), his ex- 
ecutive ability made the gathering a triumph of 
the grandest possible character. 

Haarstick, Hknrv C, the president of the 
Mississippi \'alle}- Transportation Company, has 
been closely identified with St. Ivouis for up- 
wards of forty years, and it would be diflicult to 
point to any citizen who has done greater serv- 
ice for the city than has he. He arrived in 
St. Louis in one of the most unfortunate years 
of its history, when it was devastated by both 
fire and cholera, and he has remained in it to 
see it grow into a great city, influencing the 
commerce of nations and a model to the world 
in many most important respects. He is now, 
at the age of fifty-eight, in the very prime of life, 
and is recognized as one of the most reliable and 
conservative, although enterprising, men in the 
West. 

This gentleman, one of the pioneers of barge 
transportation, by which importation of goods 
and exportation of grain from St. Louis via the 
river and New Orleans to Europe was made 
practicable, was born in the year 1830, at 
Hohenhameln,near Hildesheim, in the Kingdom 
of Hanover. His parents were not wealthy, and 
the education he received in his )Oung bo\-hood 
was of quite an ordinary character. When he was 
about thirteen years of age the faniih- decided to 
make their home in America, and, after a fort\- 
nine days' voyage in sailing vessel, they landed 
at New York. From that metropolis steamer 



was taken to Albany, canal-boat to Buffalo, and 
thence by steamer to Sandusky, Ohio, from 
which point a railroad trip was made to Cincin- 
nati. The .stay in the Ohio city was not lengthy, 
and on July 2."), lrS4ii, the Haarstick family 
landed in the city which lias since been the 
home of the subject of this brief article. 

After studying for a few years Mr. Haarstick, 
Jr., in February, 18.')8, obtained employment in 
the firm of ^laloney & Tilton,who were carrying 
on a distilling business on a large scale. The 
work assigned to him was of a character cal- 
culated to bring out those qualities which have 
since made him famous. Recognizing that what- 
ever is worth doing is worth doing well, Mr. 
Haarstick lent his entire energies to his duties, 
and after nine years of faithful service he was 
made a partner in the firm. The total destruc- 
tion of the firm's property by fire in the same 
year terminated the partnership, aud Mr. Haar- 
stick, purchasing his associates" interest and 
the good-will, rebuilt the works and ran them 
for a time alone. After some four or five years 
he sold out on very favorable terms to Messrs. 
Card & Lawrence, who proceeded to conduct the 
business themselves. 

For some time Mr. Haarstick had noticed 
that there was a grand opening in the river 
transportation business. Having outlined .some 
I^lans for establishing this on a more strictly 
commercial basis, he proceeded to purchase 
stock in the Mississippi Valley Transportation 
Company, the only barge line at that time, and 
.soon after, in 1869, he was elected a director of 
this company and was at once made its vice- 
president. Suijerintendent Greenleaf died about 
this time, and Mr. Haarstick became general 
manager of the company. He recognized at 
once that the company was in a somewhat em- 
barrassed condition, and it became his business 
and also his delight to re-establish it on a 
thoi-oughly firm basis. 

That he succeeded is of course a mere matter 
of history. In 1881 he had got affairs in such 
a condition that a sale was made to the St. Louis 
and Mississippi Valley Transportation Company, 
a new corporation with a capital of S52,()0(), ()()(), 



BlOGRAPHICAf. APPENDIX. 



251 



which absorl^ed the four barge lines and placed 
them under one uianagenient. The usual cry of 
nionoijoly was of course raised, but it has been 
generally recognized that the amalgamation was 
a grand thing for the commerce of the city. 
The existing lines had not been making money, 
and as a natural consequence their equipment 
had been allowed to run down and the service 
was unsatisfactory. The new service was in- 
finitely better in every respect, and the rate of 
freight between St. Louis and New Orleans has 
since, and is now, very nuich lower than at any 
jirevious time. 

Mr. Haarstick continues to l)e the guiding 
sjiirit of this company, although he is ably 
assisted by his .son, Mr. William T. Haarstick, 
its \ice-president. The company owns twehe 
\er\- fine tow-boats and one hundred barges, and 
it has sufficient equipment to carry 2, 500, 000 
bushels of grain to New Orleans per month. It 
is now carrying about Ki, (too, ()()() bushels of 
grain for export annually, in addition to l."iO,000 
tons of other freight. It owns large elevators at 
IJelmont, Missouri, and at New Orleans, having 
also floating steam elevators at the latter point 
for the transfer of grain from barges to ocean 
vessels. At the present price of grain it will be 
understood how diffrcult it is to ship to Europe 
without incurring a loss. It has been Mr. Haar- 
stick's endeavor to reduce the expense to the 
lowest possible point, and he has succeeded 
so thoroughly in doing this that the river car- 
riage cost is now five cents per bushel, as com- 
pared with rates nearly three times as high 
which prevailed in the days of incompetent 
equipment and insolvent corporations. ;\Ir. 
Haarstick was also the first to bond a water 
route for dutiable goods, and although the com- 
pan\- has handled vast quantities of foreign 
merchandise, it has done so to the entire satis- 
faction of the (Government, as well as of its 
customers. 

Mr. Haarstick is naturally of a retiring dis- 
IKisilion, and honors have had to be thrust upon 
him from time to time. The honored list of 
])rcsidents of the [Merchants' Exchange contains 
the name of no nuiu who presided more abh- 



o\er that important body than that of this 
gentleman. He is also first vice-president and 
a director in the St. Louis Trust Company, and 
is connected with other important financial in- 
stitutions. He is a walking encyclopedia on all 
matters connected with river transportation, and 
his acquaintanceship among river men is unique. 
In private life he is generous to a fault, and his 
contributions to charitable and benevolent ob- 
jects have always been on a lavish scale. He 
married in 18(il Miss Elise Hoppe. In addition 
to the son already mentioned, Mr. and Mrs. 
Haarstick ha\e twohiglily accomiilishetl daugh- 
ters. 

FoKDVCK, .Samiki. W. — Ranking very high 
among the able coterie of railroad men who 
nurnage the roads running outward from St. 
Louis, like the threads of a spider-web, is 
Samuel W. Fordyce, i)resident of the St. Louis 
Southwestern Railwa}-, ])opularly known as the 
"Cotton Belt." He was born Februar\- 7, 
LS-tU, in Guernsey county, Ohio, and his 2>ar- 
ents' names were John and Mar\- Ann Fordyce. 
He was given a good primar)- education in the 
common schools of the place in which he was 
born, and subsequently took the higher and 
finishing courses at ^ladisou College, Union- 
town, Pennsylvania, and at the North Illinois 
University, at Henry, Illinois. 

The effect of the first employment in life is 
frequentlv to determine the whole subsequent 
career, and it seems to have done so in this case, 
for after leaving school the first position that 
offered was that of station agent at a little town 
on the line of what was then known as the Cen- 
tral Ohio Railway, but which has since become 
part of the Baltimore & Ohio. This was in 
18(>0, and he held the situation for only a 
short time, the war being the cause which im- 
pelled him to leave private employment in behalf 
t)f public defense. In July, ISIU, he enlisted as 
a private in Company 15, First Ohio \'olunteer 
Ca\alr\-. He saw exceptionally rough and dan- 
gerous ser\ ice, but it afforded him many oppor- 
tunities to demonstrate his courageous and sol- 
dierh' qualities. A second lieutenancy, was the 



252 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



first reward conferred on him, and he was soon 
afterward made a first lieutenant and captain of 
cavalry, successively. His last promotion made 
him assistant inspector-general of cavalry, with 
an assignment to duty in the cavalry corps of 
the Army of the Cumberland. 

After the war he went to Alabama and estab- 
lished the banking house of Fordyce & Rison, 
at Huntsville. In l'S76 he moved to Arkansas, 
locating at Hot Springs, and resuming the rail- 
road business. In 1881 he was made vice-pres- 
ident and treasurer of the Texas & St. Louis 
Railroad Company, and in 1885 was appointed 
receiver of the same road. A year later saw its 
reorganization, with its name changed to the 
St. Louis, Arkansas &; Texas Railway, and 
Colonel Fordyce as its president; but in 1889 
the road again fell into the hands of a receiver, 
and Colonel Fordyce was a second time ap- 
pointed to that office. The second reorganiza- 
tion was followed by another change of name, 
the road becoming the vSt. Louis Southwestern, 
with Colonel Fordyce as its president, an office 
he yet holds, maintaining his headquarters at 
St. Louis. 

Colonel Ford\ce has always been a close stu- 
dent of politics and an enthusiastic participant 
in political campaigns, although he has never 
allowed such pursuits to interfei'e with his busi- 
ness by the acceptance of any but an honorar}- 
office. He is a staunch Democrat, and was a 
member of the Alabama State Democratic Cen- 
tral Committee in 1874. He was sent as a del- 
egate from Garland county, Arkansas, to the 
State Gvibernatorial Convention in 1880; in 
1884 he was elected a delegate to the State Ju- 
dicial Convention, and was afterward made a 
member of the National Democratic Committee 
for Arkansas, serving as such from 18^>4 to 1^(88. 
He was likewise a delegate to the National 
Democratic Convention at Chicago, in 1884, and 
again in 1892. 

Colonel Fordyce was married at Huntsville, 
Alabama, May 1, bsiw;, to Miss Susan K. Chad- 
wick, daughter of Rev. Dr. Wni. D. Chadwick, 
pastor of the Cumberland Presbyterian Churcli 
of Huntsville. 



Orthwein, Charles F., was born in Wur- 
temberg, Germany, near Stuttgart, in the year 
1839. He came to this country in 185;'), and 
was a member of the firm of Haenschen & Orth- 
wein, from l'S()2 until 1870, at which date the 
firm of Orthwein & ]\Iersnian was formed. Wx. 
Mersman retiring in 1.S79, the two brothers, 
C. F. and W. D. Orthwein, formed a partnership, 
which continued as one of the strongest concerns 
in the grain commission and exporting business 
in the city until 1893. C. F. Orthwein is now 
at the head of the firm of Charles F. Orthwein 
& Sons, composed of himself and two sons, 
whose offices are in the Laclede Building. 

Charles F. Orthwein is a typical German- 
American. Interest in his native country con- 
tinues unabated. He loves to dwell upon the 
history of the land of his fathers; and follows 
with deep concern the struggles and progress of 
a people, which, in his judgment, is destined to 
raise the cause of good government and civiliza- 
tion, and upon whose fate depends the happi- 
ness of so many of his former associates. Rut 
that is the extent of his allegiance. He is a 
citizen of his adopted country without reserva- 
tion. If he insists upon many of the customs 
and perhaps even views of his native country, it 
is in the belief that the welfare and prosperity 
of the American people depend upon the ready 
acceptance of what is good and strong, and the 
successful denial of what is bad and weak, in the 
several peoples whose representatives go to 
make up this nation. If it be true that in both 
respects citizens have much to learn from each 
other, he for his part has accepted and sur- 
rendered in the spirit in which he thinks others 
should; and he may therefore in the best sense 
be called an American. 

A man of very decided view^, he is an un- 
swerving Democrat in principle; but on the 
other hand is strongly disinclined to submit, 
when in his judgment a good principle has been 
offended or even injured by an unworthy nomi- 
nation. In other than national elections he 
inclines to independence in \oting. As a mer- 
chant, while progressive and bold, he has at all 
times, with all his determination of purpose and 



1 ^ tf^ 





^(-.^^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



253 



energy, endeavored to hold business witliin the 
legitimate lines of trade and commerce, and to 
save it from the inevitable demoralization of 
unmixed speculation. 

All in all, he must be classed with that com- 
IKuatively small body of men who by a union of 
cnler])rise and conservatism aids in guiding and 
shaping the interests of a large community. 

HiBKARi), Horace W., the general freight 
agent of the Vandalia, occupies his present posi- 
tion both by reason 
of his fine business 
qualifications as well 
as that he has earned 
the responsible office 
by a long educational 
course in the school 
of practical railroad 
experience. He is a 
product of that 
strong and resource- 
ful Yankee stock ^»— >-V. 
which has contrib- 
uted so much to the 
reclamation and 
ci\ilization of a great 
continent, and was 
born November 7, 
is;;."), in the little 
town of Morgan, \'er- 
mont. In his boy- 
hood he attended the 
common schools of 
his native place, but 

before his courses therein were completed, he 
left school and came west in quest of that suc- 
cess which he felt certain the more extended op- 
portunities of the new country would afford him. 

His railroad career was begun at Tolano, Illi- 
nois, in March 1858, when he began work as a 
switchman for the Illinois Central Railroad. Dur- 
ing the succeeding year ( 18o9 ) he acted as 
clerk to the station agent at Tuscola, Illinois, 
for a short time, and left that place to accept the 
position of chief freight clerk at INIattoon, Illi- 
nois, for the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute 




Railroad. His business capacity had by this 
time won the notice and favor of his superior 
officers, and in July, 18()(), he received substan- 
tial evidences of the fact in his appointment as 
station agent at Pana, Illinois, where he served 
until November, l.S(i2. In that month he was 
changed back to Mattoon by the road, and tliere 
acted as .station agent until the end of the vear 
ISH.-). 

In December, ISC'i, he was given a great ad- 
vance, being promoted at one .step from station 
agent to general 
freight agent of the 
Vandalia, with head- 
quarters at St. Louis. 
Here he has served 
e\er since in that 
capacity, and it is 
stated that he has 
held his office more 
consecutive years 
t h a n a n y o t h e r 
freight agent in the 
United States. 

The elevation of 
.Mr. Hibbard to the 
office he now holds 
has more than justi- 
fied ineverv wav his 
superior officers' 
original estimate of 
him. His executive 
ability and business 
c a ]) a c i t y proved 
equal to the great 
responsibilities of the office from the beginning. 
Few roads in the country have to-day a better 
managed freight department than the \'andalia. 
He is a hustler for business and commands the 
confidence of his superior officers and the respect 
and friendship of the army of employes under 
him. His manner is really kindly and genial, 
and he impresses one on first meeting him with 
his evident genuineness. 

h'ebruarv 4, l.S(i;), ;\Ir. Hibbard was married 
to Miss Caroline li. Sears, of Shelbyville, Illi- 
nois. Thev have one child — a daughter. 



HORACE VV. HIBBARD. 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



WiLKHRSOX, Edward, the head of tlie Cove- 
nant Alntnal Life Insnrance Company, of St. 
Louis, is one of the southern colon}- in tliis city. 
\'irginia is his native State, although he was 
reared in Mississippi. He is the son of Philip 
and Susan (Warley) Wilkerson, and was born 
November If', 1827, in Bedford county, near 
Lynchburg, Virginia. It was in 1833, when he 
was six years old, that the faniih- moved to 
Mississippi. Here he received his first school- 
ing, but left his books when eleven years of 
age to accept a position as clerk in a general 
store, and while here, at idle moments turned 
his attention to learning book-keeping, with the 
result that at sixteen he was made book-keeper 
of the house. 

When he was nineteen years old, the Mexi- 
can war was in progress, and he left his books 
and enlisted in the Fifth Louisiana Volunteers. 
He served but four months, however, as but 
one regiment was asked for from Louisiana and 
six were sent, and his regiment was one which 
was sent back. On his discharge he went to 
Vicksburg and found employment in a store as 
clerk, then went to Memphis, still following the 
same occupation, and in 1850 came to St. Louis. 
Here he took up the auction business for two 
years, and then became the book-keeper for 
Pomery Burton. 

In 1864 the wholesale dry goods firm of 
Hastings-Wilkerson was formed. In l.Sli7 he 
withdrew from the firm and bought an interest 
in the dry goods house of Jno. G. Allen & 
Sons, from which he severed relations in IHiUi 
to accept the general agency of the insurance 
company with which he is still connected, and 
to the presidency of which he was first elected 
in 1870. 

Mr. Wilkerson is an active Democrat and has 
served his city as police commissioner, and his 
party as chairman of the Ninth Congressional 
District Committee for a decade. He is a 
prominent Odd Fellow and has held the highest 
places of trust in that order. 

On February 1."), 18(50, he was married to 
Miss Virginia Cline, of St. Louis. They ha\-e 
five children. 



Masox, Isaac Masox, the .son of Morgan 
and Parmelia (Stevenson) ]\Iason, was born in 
Brownsville, Pennsylvania, on the 4th of March, 
1831. His educational advantages were in the 
public and private schools in the county in 
which he was born and which he utilized with 
the faithfulness and energy that has character- 
ized all of the efforts of his life. 

Owing to a limitation of circumstances he was 
obliged to commence his business career at an 
early age. His first employment was that of a 
flour packer in a flouring mill, and soon after as 
clerk in a general store. He then became a 
steamboat clerk, navigating the Monongahela 
river, first serving on the steamers Consul and 
Atlantic, that ran afterwards from Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania, to St. Louis. 

In that service he displayed a great energy 
and ambition to promote the interests of his 
employers, never believing that a personal sac- 
rifice of comfort and convenience could be lost, 
which soon attracted their favorable attention, 
and he was offered the command of a boat. To 
that habit of industry and earnest application to 
the discharge of a duty, he owed all his future 
success, and it forms an example which the 
young man of to-day can profit b\-. 

That generous offer of his river associates in- 
cluded a one-fourth interest in a new steamer 
which was built and called the Suwniit, and of 
which he took command. At that time he was 
only nineteen years and four months of age, and 
the youngest captain on the rivers of the Missis- 
sippi Valley. That splendid start in life, al- 
though eminently gratifying to the young officer 
of a steamboat, was only the logical result of 
integrity and faithful discharge of duty. 

Soon after he became captain of the Siniunit, 
a favorable opportunity occurring, that boat was 
sold, and he took a position as clerk of the Hon- 
duras and afterwards of the Australia, owning 
part interest in the latter boat. Then he suc- 
cessively commanded the steamers Fred. Lo- 
renzo, Savannah and Hawk Eye State. 

In 18.")2 he was running in the ]\Iissouri ri\er 
trade, as far up as Omaha and Council Bluffs. 
At that time the condition of the countr\- was 



/,'/( ^CRAPIIICAL APPENDIX. 



255 



sucli that the boats carried axes with wliich to 
cut their own wood for fuel. In l.sdO the 
Northern Transportation Line was organized. 
It operated in the trade of the upper Mississippi 
river. Captain Mason, who became a stock- 
holder in this line, was then appointed its gen- 
eral freight agent, with headquarters at St. 
Louis, which position he held for ele\en years, 
having been in the employ of the company for 
a period of fifteen years. 

In 187(; he was elected to the position of mar- 
shal of St. Louis county, which then included 
the city. After the adoption of the scheme and 
charter, separating the city and county, he held 
his full official term, and was then re-elected 
marshal of the city. 

In 1880 he was elected to the office of sheriff, 
and, discharging the duties of the position with 
such fidelity to the public interest, he was com- 
pelled to accept a second term and succeed him- 
self, it being the third instance in which a 
Republican sheriff succeeded himself in that 
office in the history of the city. Not onh* does 
that public compliment attach to his reputation, 
but it was conceded by members of both parties 
that he could have been elected a third time if 
he had consented to be a candidate. 

In 1<S84 he was appointed general superin- 
tendent of the St. Louis and New Orleans An- 
chor Line steamers, and three years later, in 
I'SST, he was made president of that important 
line, consisting of ten steamers. Six of these 
steamers run from St. Louis to New Orleans. 
In January, 1892, Captain Mason was almost 
unanimously elected to the ])residenc\' of the 
vSt. Louis Merchants' Exchange. 

He was married November Hi, l.S.'i^, to Miss 
Mary Tiernan, of Brownsville, Pennsylvania, 
his native town, and their children are: Charles 
P., William H., (xeorge ^I., Prank I. and ^lary 
P. — all living. 

.Such are the interesting features of a useful 
and valuable life, which is the outgrowth of an 
ancestrv composed of .sturdy Pennsylvania stock, 
the mother of Captain Mason being a member 
of the Society of Friends, of which William 
Peun was the first to settle in that Stale. 



WniTMAX, Cii.VRi.ics ICnwARi), is a member 
of a family which has given to the agricultural 
industry many of the inventions that have made 
it one of the most important in this country. 
The first member of it to settle in the United 
States was John Whitman, who came from 
Holt, England, and made his home in Wev- 
mouth, Massachusetts, about llioO. He was 
recognized by all the early settlers as a man of 
distinction, and his name figures conspicuouslv 
in the early history of the colonies as one of the 
men selected, for recognized integrity and abil- 
ity, to act as arbitrator in disi)ntes between the 
Puritans. 

His son followed closeh' in his father's foot- 
steps, and was an influential man among the 
citizens of Weymouth. After him came the 
soldier of the family, a man who fought under 
Washington in the war of the Revolution, and 
rendered signal service to the cause of liberty. 
His son was Luther Whitman, who was born in 
Bridgewater, Massachusetts, March 10, 1802. 
He married Pamela Elizabeth McDuffy, who 
came from a Maine family. She was born in 
South Berwick, Maine, March 14, 180(5, and is 
still living at Cambridge, Massachusetts, a hale 
and cheerful woman of eight\--eight. Her hus- 
band was one of the first men who mannfactured 
agricultural imiilements in the United States. 

Charles E. WHiitman, one of the .sons of this 
remarkable couple, first acquired his interest in 
the business in which he was employed in 
watching his father's direction of the work- 
ing the factory where the implements were 
hammered out. He was born in Wintrop, 
June 20, l,s;;s, and went to the public schools 
of that place. Later he was sent to academies 
in Monmouth and Wintrop, where he .studied 
assiduously until he was sixteen years old. 
Then he left the academy and took charge of 
the books of his father's business for four years. 
Then the Walter A. Wood Machine Company 
offered him a remunerative place with their 
concern, and he accepted it. 

He introduced the machines of the company 
in New luigland, and after two years he was 
scut to Chicag(j to manage tlie western sales 



256 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



department. His territory then extended from 
Ohio to the Pacific Coast, the part of the conn- 
try where most of the reaping and mowing ma- 
chines were sold. Mr. Whitman pushed his 
work forward energetically, and by 1870, ten 
years later, he had built up a gigantic trade 
with all the farming districts west of the Alle- 
ghanies. 

The great Chicago fire was an epoch in his 
life. Every business in the city halted for a 
while, of course, and in this interval Air. Whit- 
man, after considering the prospects, decided to 
establish his own business. Resigning the 
management of the Wood house, he came to 
St. Louis in 1871, and with his brothers, Henry 
and Gustavus Whitman, established the busi- 
ness which has grown to its present important 
proportions. 

The venture was successful in the highest 
degree from the beginning, and in 1875 it was 
found advantageous to incorjjorate the concern. 
This was done under the name of the Whitman 
Agricultural Com])any, with Charles E. Whit- 
man as president and general manager, and 
Henry Whitman as secretary. The brothers 
continue to divide the work and responsibility 
in this way. 

Among the triumphs of the subject of this 
sketch is the Whitman baling press, which ob- 
tained the grand gold medal at the Paris Expo- 
sition of 1889, as well as a special prize for the 
best work in the field, awarded by the French 
government. At the World's Fair, twenty-one 
highest awards were secured, and the firm's suc- 
cess was phenomenal. 

Mr. Whitman is a member of the Manufact- 
urers' and Lumbermen's Exchange; of the Im- 
plement and Vehicle Association, and of the 
Merchants' Exchange. He is a Mason of the 
Blue Lodge and Scottish Rite, and a hard work- 
ing member of the Mercantile Club and of the 
Jockey Club. 

In October, LS72, Air. Whitman married Aliss 
Annie R. Waterman, a daughter of Hon. A. P. 
Waterman, who is one of the oldest and most 
prominent and influential citizens of Beloit, 
Wisconsin. 



Hou.SER, D.A.XIEL M. — On a preceding page 
in this work, mention is made of the national 
reputation which St. Louis newsjDapers have ac- 
quired, and more particularly of the great success 
of the Globe-Democrat^ which is now occupying 
one of the most complete and well-arranged 
newspaper office buildings in the United States. 
This work would not be complete without at 
least a passing reference to the President of the 
Bompany which owns this magnificent building 
and influential newspaper. This is Air. Daniel 
Al. Houser, one of the best-known newspaper 
men and publishers in the West. He is looked 
upon in St. Louis as one of its safest men, com- 
bining enterprise and conservatism to an extent 
which is seldom found in one man. As Presi- 
dent of the Clobc Printing Company he has 
been acting biisiness manager of that paper 
since its publication under its present name, and 
prior to that he had made himself known in con- 
nection with his excellent work on the Ciiobe, 
which he established in connection with Air. 
William AIcKee, about twenty-two years ago. 
The (ilobc made its influence felt immediately 
on publication, and within three years it became 
consolidated with the Democrat, its senior l)y 
about a quarter of a century. 

Air. Houser is a native of Alary land, but has 
resided in Alissouri almost from infanc\-. He is 
the son of Air. P^lias Houser and Airs. Eliza 
Houser, formerly Aliss Alalott, and his parents 
resided at the time of his birth, on December 
23, 1834, in Washington county, Alaryland. 
They moved some four years later to Clarke 
county in this State, where the subject of this 
sketch attended the country public schools until 
184(5, when the remo\-al of his parents to St. 
Louis enabled him to secure better educational 
advantages. 

After studying three years in tlie public 
schools, he, in 18r>l, secured a position in a 
humble capacity in the office of the I 'niou. 
Like the majority of men who occupy a fore- 
most position in vSt. Lmiis commercial life. Air. 
Houser commenced at the very bottom of the 
ladder and made his way unaided. His progress 
was very rapid, for he did his work so well that 





'fiim^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



Tal 



liis employers almost immediately promoted him 
to a more important position. 

He was with the Uitio)i when Messrs. Hill 
and McKee purchased it and merged it with the 
Missouri Democrat. His upward progress con- 
tinued unchecked until the Honorable Francis 
P. Blair bought out :\Ir. Hill, when Mr. Houser, 
who had just attained his majority, was ap- 
pointed book-keeper and general manager. 
Not long after he bought out Mr. Blair and 
secured a large interest in the firm of McKee, 
Fishback & Company. For the next ten years 
he acted as business and financial manager of 
the paper, and although this decade included 
the war years, he made the paper such a suc- 
cess that Mr. Fishback finally purchased the 
interest of his two partners for a trifle less than 
half a million dollars. 

This transaction led to the establishment of 
the .SV. Louis Globe, of which Mr. Houser be- 
came business manager. The new paper started 
out full of life and energy, and three years later 
Messrs. McKee and Houser repurchased their 
stock in the amusingly misnamed Republican 
newspaper, the Democrat.^ and the Globc-Dcmo- 
craty whose subsequent career has been so re- 
markable and influential, came into existence. 
^Ir. McKee became president of the new com- 
pany and retained the position until his sudden 
death in December, 1879, when Mr. D. AI. 
Houser succeeded him. He has thus, for about 
fifteen years, been in absolute control of the 
business section of one of the most important 
papers in the country. 

vSocially, Mr. Houser is exceedingly popular, 
and his kindness of heart is proverbial. Rec- 
ognizing the fact that his position gave him 
exceptional and, perhaps, a slightly unfair ad- 
vantage, he has kept scrupulously aloof from 
partisan politics, and has always refu.sed to ac- 
cept office of any kind, although he has been 
often asked to depart from his resolution in this 
respect. He is regarded by the newspaper fra- 
ternity as one of the ablest newspaper managers 
in the country, and he is a personal friend and 
adviser of each of his numerous employes. 
In 1862 Mr. Houser married Miss Maggie In- 

17 



gram, of this city. The result of this union was 
two sons and a daughter. The oldest son, Will- 
iam M., is now treasurer of the Globe Printing 
Company, and the younger, Mr. Daniel M.,Jr., is 
also in that company's employ. Mrs. Houser 
died in February, 1880, and on January 23, 
1889, Mr. Houser married Miss Agnes Barlow, 
daughter of Stephen D. Barlow, by whom he 
has three children. The family resided in a 
very pleasant home at 1724: Chouteau avenue, 
but Mr. Houser has just erected an exception- 
ally handsome house at 4525 West Pine street. 

Crunden, Frederick Morgan, deserves 
special mention in a record of the achievements 
of the leading citizens of St. L,ouis, on account 
of his faithful labors in behalf of a free library. 
When ]\Ir. Crunden began to agitate the ques- 
tion of the abolition of the small fees charged 
at the Public Library, he received little encour- 
agement, except of a sympathetic character, and 
few people thought he would succeed in his cru- 
sade. He, however, persevered, in spite of dis- 
couragement, and pointed out again and again, 
with much force, that the small fees charged 
pressed most heavily on those least able to pay 
them, and that they were a distinct tax upon 
study and a hindrance to those in search of a 
higher education. The old Public School Li- 
brary, now known as the Public Library, is now 
free in fact as well as name, and that Mr. Crun- 
den was correct in his estimates and deductions 
is evidenced by the enormous increase in the 
attendance and demand for books. 

The man who has the distinction of being the 
first librarian of the first public free library in 
St. Louis is of English descent. His parents, 
Benjamin R. and Mary (Morgan) Crunden, re- 
sided at Gravesend, at the mouth of the river 
Thames, in England, where, on September 1, 
1848, Frederick ^L was born. He was brought 
to America when he was an infant, and soon 
entered the public schools of this city. 

:\Ir. B. R. Crunden died when Frederick i\L 
was quite \-oung, leaving Mrs. Crunden with 
two voung sons. The St. Louis Public Libra- 
rian attributes all his success in life to his 



258 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



mother's noble example and admirable train- 
ing. 

When thirteen years of age he entered the 
High School, with a higher percentage than any 
other applicant, and he gradnated from the 
High School with such honors that he was 
awarded the scholarship of Washington Univer- 
sity given to the first in the graduating class. 

Skipping the Freshman's class he entered 
the Sophomore class, and graduated with hon- 
ors in 18(511. For about eight months he taught 
in the University Academy, and was next ap- 
pointed principal at Jefferson School. In the 
following year he was made principal of the 
Benton School, and opened the new building on 
Ninth and Locust streets. His next position 
was as professor of elocution at Washington 
University, but at the close of the term of 187 (J 
he was compelled to resign this position on ac- 
count of weakness of the throat. After spend- 
ing the winter in Colorado he was, on January 
7, 1877, installed as librarian of the Public 
School Library in the old Polytechnic Building. 

He at once commenced a system of reform in 
the management of the library, and in a few 
years had brought it to a high state of perfec- 
tion. By nature a book-lover and collector, he 
adopted a system of catalogiiing which proved 
a great advance on past efforts, and the library 
soon became a favorite resort of students and 
scholars, as well as of the pupils of the public 
schools, for whose use the library was originally 
designed. In 1889 the American Library Asso- 
ciation recognized the ability of Mr. Crunden 
by making him its fourth president, and quite 
recently he was offered the librarianship at the 
Newberry Library at Chicago, a position he 
declined at the earnest solicitation of the library 
committee, and because he was anxious to com- 
plete the great work he had undertaken so zeal- 
ously here. 

As a public citizen Mr. Crunden's position is 
very high. He is a member of the Mercantile 
Club, and was one of the earliest members of the 
University Round Table and McCulloch clubs. 
He is also a member of the Artists' Guild and 
an enthusiastic worker on the executive com- 



mittee of the Missouri Civil Service Reform As- 
sociation. 

In June, 1889, Air. Crunden married Miss 
Kate Edmondson, daughter of the late Edmund 
J. Edmondson, a distinguished English tenor 
singer and musical director, whose name fre- 
qiiently appeared in high-class programmes 
in Manchester and the North of England. 
Their only son is named Frederick Edmondson 
Crunden. 

Anderson, William T., president of the 
Farmers' Elevator Company, and ex-president 
of the Merchants' Exchange, is one of the most 
influential grain men in the West. He is a man 
of intense earnestness and of high moral char- 
acter, and he has won for himself the respect 
and admiration of all classes of citizens, includ- 
ing in this term all connected with the Mer- 
chants' Exchange, and also politicians of all 
shades of opinion. Mr. Anderson is one of the 
few wealthy citizens who have been persuaded 
to take an active part in the administration of 
local affairs. Some three years ago, when there 
was so much complaining about the administra- 
tion of public affairs, people generally looked 
around for some reliable man who could be sent 
to the Council and influence legislation in the 
right direction. Mr. Anderson was persuaded 
to make the necessary sacrifice of his time and 
accept the nomination on the Democratic ticket. 
He received not only the full vote of his own 
party, but the support of a large number of Re- 
publicans, who saw in him a business man who 
would introduce into municipal politics the same 
principles which had made him wealthy and re- 
spected in his private career. Both as a mem- 
ber of the City Council, and as president of the 
Merchants' Exchange during the year 1893, Mr. 
Anderson cemented his hold on the affections 
and respect of the people. His fearless exposure 
of wrong while in the Council has been com- 
mented upon with special favor, and he has not 
given a vote, while in office, which could be 
regarded as opeu to suspicion or censure. 

Mr. Anderson is a Missourian by birth. He 
was born in Randolph county, Missouri, in 1842. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



269 



When he was quite young he was taken by his alxiut, have already been spoken of. That Mr. 
parents, Benjamin and Sarah (Westlake) An- Anderson is a Democrat has ahnost been forgot- 
derson, to Cohimbia, and he was raised within ten since his election, because his work has been 
sight of the State University. His parents were so strictly business-like in character that he has, 

in the discharge of his duties, lost sight of mere 
party questions. He has served with marked 



well-known and substantial citizens, and he 
himself comnu-nced business in Columbia as a 
grocer and queens ware merchant. Succeeding 
bevond his expectations, he soon became enabled 
to acquire the well-known Columbia Mills, which 
he operated with marked success for several years. 

Early in the eighties, Mr. Anderson determined 
to locate in a metro- 
politan city, in order 
that the laudable 
ambition which he 
felt should have full 
scope for operation. 
He accordingly lo- 
cated in St. Ivouis, 
and immediately be- 
came identified with 
the commission busi- 
ness, establishing the 
firm of W. T. An- 
derson & Compau)-. 
From the first he 
was a popular and 
influential member 
of the Merchants' 
Exchange, and 
served that bod\- in 
several capacities 
until the year Is;!,), 
when, as already 
mentioned, he was 
elected to the highest office 
of the members. He made 
sive president, and it was during his adminis- 
tration that the long-needed changes, including 
the reorganization and practical rebuilding of 
the Exchange, were finally got into proper 
shape. The improvements, which are now 
nearly completed, bear out, in every respect, the 
expectations of Mr. Anderson and those who 
gave support to his policy. 

His election to the City Council, and the con- 
ditions and indeed abuses which brought it 




WILLIAM T. ANDF;| 



within 
a verv 



the gift 
progres- 



success on the committees on municipal affairs, 
claims and legislation, public improvements and 
ways and means. He has made himself con- 
spicuous by insisting that suitable men be ap- 
pointed to responsible positions, and has not 
allowed mere party 
obligations to blind 
his judgment in 
matters of a strictly 
business character. 
Thanks largely to 
his efforts, first-class 
men are at the head 
of more than one 
important city de- 
partment, and every 
municipal officer 
feels that he has Mr. 
Anderson behind 
him in any effort to 
do right, regardless 
of consequences. 

Another matter 
which brought Mr. 
Anderson • promi- 
nently to the front 
as a local legislator 
was the way in which 
he insisted upon a 
proper collection of taxes of all character. 

While attending to his public duties Mr. An- 
derson has also been very successful in his own 
affairs. He is now quite a wealthy man, and in 
addition to being president of the Farmers' Ele- 
vator Company, he is also director and a large 
stockholder in the St. Louis National Bank. 

On September 1^, ISiJS^ ]\Ir. Anderson married 
Mi.ss Bettie (xertrude Baker, of Columbia, by 
whom he has had five children. His early asso- 
ciations with Columbia have cau.sed him to re- 
tain for that town a most friendly interest, and 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



he has recently erected an electric light and 
water plant at Colnmbia, at a cost of nearh- a 
hundred thousand dollars. This plant was com- 
pleted during last year, and is of inestimable 
value to the little Missouri town so intimately 
connected with State education and learning. 

EiSEMAN, Benjamin, or "Ben" Eiseman, as 
he is known to his hundreds of friends in St. 
Louis and the territory which his firm supplies 
with dry goods, is one of the most prominent 
men in the wholesale trade of this city. He is 
the credit man and general financial and oflfice 
manager of the firm of Rice, Stix & Company, 
in which he is also a partner. His reputation 
for sound common sense is of the highest, and 
he is frequently consulted by his business friends 
and associates on matters involving the invest- 
ment of large sums of money, and on special 
points of commercial policy. But to know Mr. 
Eiseman thoroughly and to appreciate his ster- 
ling merits at their true worth, one must come 
in contact with him in social life. He is kind- 
hearted to a fault, and is always ready to lend 
his hand and heart towards bettering the condi- 
tion of his fellow-men. No charity in the city 
of St. Louis asks in vain for his assistance, and 
he is exceptionally broad-minded in his benevo- 
lence, neither the creed nor race of an applicant 
for relief having any influence at all upon his 
actions. The essential qualities of his make-up 
are very similar to those which attracted world- 
wide admiration in Sir Moses Montefiori during 
the most active part of his long life. Like all 
men who have a large acquaintance among 
commercial travelers, Mr. Eiseman is a prince 
among entertainers, and his pleasant home on 
Pine street, two blocks east of Grand avenue, is 
the scene of frequent gatherings and reunions 
of the most interesting character. 

Mr. Eiseman is about sixty years of age, hav- 
ing been born in Baden, Germany, in the year 
1833. His parents were Mr. J. W. and Mrs. 
Fanny (Kaufman) Eiseman, and the former 
died when the subject of this sketch was but 
fourteen years of age. This compelled him to 
leave school and commence to earn his own liv- 



ing, so that the bulk of his education has been 
obtained by private study out of office hours. 
For about five years young Eiseman clerked in 
a mercantile and banking establishment at 
Baden, but in the year 1854 he decided to come 
to America and map out a career for himself. 

Settling in Philadelphia, the young immi- 
grant attended school for one year so as to make 
himself acquainted with the language of the 
country of his adoption. An uncle, who was in 
the dry goods business at Davenport, Iowa, then 
offered him a clerkship, which he accepted. 
Later he did similar work at St. Joseph, Mis- 
souri, and shortly after the outbreak of the war 
he removed to Memphis. In that city he be- 
came acquainted with Messrs. Henry Rice and 
William Stix, and these three enterprising gen- 
tlemen established a wholesale and retail dry 
goods house in that war-stricken city. Besides 
establishing this new business on a sound foot- 
ing, Mr. Eiseman lent his aid to the vigorous 
effort made to restore Memphis to a more satis- 
factory condition commercially. He assisted in 
the organizing of several insurance companies, 
and also worked very earnestly on behalf of the 
First National Bank, of which organization he 
became a director. 

In the year IJSdT the wholesale business of 
Rice, Stix &; Company, as the new firm was 
styled, had become so extensive that it was 
deemed advisable to abandon the retail branch, 
and the house became, what it is to-day, an ex- 
clusively wholesale dry goods company. As a 
result of the yellow fever epidemic of 1871>, the 
firm established a house in St. Louis, selecting 
as quarters a store on Broadway, between Locust 
and St. Charles streets. In 1881 the great suc- 
cess of the St. Louis house led to the headquar- 
ters of the firm being moved entirely to this 
city, the Memphis establishment not being 
continued. The wisdom of the change has 
been thoroughly shown, for St. Louis has now 
become one of the leading wholesale centers in 
the country, more especially in dry goods, no- 
tions and furnishing goods, in which Rice, Stix 
& Company are very prominent. The premises 
first secured soon proved inadequate for their 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



261 



purpose, and the larger house at the corner of 
Broadway and St. Charles street was also out- 
grown by the end of the year l<S8i», the firm 
moving on New Year's Day, 1«90, to the com- 
mercial palace they now occupy on Washington 
avenue at the corner of Tenth street. The mem- 
bers of the firm are Henry Rice, William Stix, 
Jonathan Rice, Benjamin Eiseman, David Eise- 
mau and Elias Michael. All of these men enjoy 
the respect and confidence of a large section of 
the dry goods trade of the country, and more 
especially in the 
Southern and South- 
western States. 

As already men- 
tioned, the subject 
of thissketch has en- 
tire control of the 
financial and office 
management of the 
main establishment; 
^Ir. Henry Rice tak- 
ing charge of the ex- 
tensive branch office 
at New York. Mr. 
Eiseman is a promi- 
nent member of the 
Mercantile, Harmo- 
nic andFairGrounds 
Jockey clubs, and no 
movement for the 
1 )etterment of the city 
of St. Louis has 
failed to secure his 
hearty co-operation. 

He is also a director in the Continental National 
Rank, and gives his entire attention to business 
and financial matters. He has never taken a 
prominent part in politics, and is looked upon 
as one of the most liberal-minded men on all 
iiuestions that St. Louis possesses. He is 
strictly a self-made man, and has great sym- 
pathy for young men who are endeavoring to 
make their way in the world against heavy odds. 

Warnkr, Ch.\rlk.s GriLLK, an ex])erienced 
railroad man, has worked his \va\- up from the 




C. a. WARNER 



bottom of the ladder to the responsible position 
of vice-president and general auditor of the 
great Missouri Pacific Railroad system. He is 
about fifty years of age, and although born in 
the State of Ohio, is a thorough western man 
in his instincts and habits, and more particularly 
in his industry and love for hard work. He has 
resided in Missouri ever since the war, and for 
about a quarter of a century has been a St. Louis 
man, and a firm believer in the importance and 
future of the city of his adoption. 

He was boru in 
Zanesville, Ohio, on 
December 28, 1844, 
his parents being 
Daniel and Juliette 
Hester Warner. He 
was n a t u r a 1 1 }' a 
bright, intelligent 
boy, and while at- 
tending the public 
schools at Chilli- 
cothe in his uati\-e 
vState he ad\'anced 
\ery rapidly in the 
rudiments of educa- 
tion. A course of 
study at Washington 
Academy, Washing- 
ton, Kentucky, fur- 
ther equipped him 
for the battle of life, 
but he left without 
graduating, at the 
age of fifteen. From 
that time he has fought his own way in the 
world, and his success is due entirely to his per- 
severance, integrity and sterling common sense. 
The best opening that presented itself to him 
on leaving college was a clerkship in a dry 
goods house at Alton, Illinois, a city which at 
that time was much more important, compara- 
tively speaking, than it is now. He (luickly 
secured the confidence of his employers, and 
would probably have made his mark in the 
commercial world but for the fact that on the 
outbreak of the war he abandoned the dr\- goods 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



counter for the battlefield. Giving the contro- 
versy between Xorth and South his careful 
attention, he decided to enlist in the Thirty- 
second Regiment of Missouri Infantry Volun- 
teers, which was commanded by Colonel F. Isl. 
Manter, of St. Louis. He joined the regiment 
as a private in 1862, ser\-ing with a large num- 
ber of gentlemen who have since risen to prom- 
inence in this section, among them being Judge 
A. J. Seay, who has since become Governor of 
Oklahoma. 

Mr. Warner had risen to the rank of captain 
by the time his term of service had expired. On 
being mustered, out Captain Warner located on 
a farm in Jefferson county, this State. He found 
farming fairly profitable, but finally abandoned 
it for a more active career. Hunting around for 
a position he accepted the first vacancy, which 
was delivery clerk in the employ of the Great 
Western Despatch, which was operating on the 
Ohio & Mississippi Railroad. His aptitude for 
railroad work was peculiarly demonstrated in 
this comparatively humble position, and in ISiiH 
a clerkship was offered him in the St. Louis 
offices of the Missouri Pacific Railroad. 

From that time forward Captain Warner's ad- 
vance has been rapid. Although not backed up 
by any special influence, he has been promoted 
again and again, until he has finally become, as 
already stated, vice-president and auditor of one 
of the largest railroad systems in the world. 

Captain Warner married Miss Anna Cecilia 
Roden long before prosperity came to him. He 
has three daughters who reside with him in his 
elegant St. Louis home. He is very popular in 
railroad and also in commercial and society cir- 
cles, and is a member of the Mercantile and 
other clubs. 

RvAX, O'Neill, son of Richard Ryan, native 
of Tipperary, Ireland, civil engineer, and ;\Iar- 
garet (O'Neill) Ryan, a daughter of Oliver 
O'Neill, one of the heroes of '98, was born in 
St. Louis, January o, I8I1O — six years before his 
father's death. 

He attended the public schools at St. Louis, 
and even in his early boyhood developed great 



ability as an elocutionist. His great ambition 
was to acquire a classical education, but at the 
age of thirteen years he was compelled to begin 
work on his own account. After a few years 
he entered the law office of Hon. Given Camp- 
bell (in the capacity of ofl5ce-boy), one of the 
leading lawyers in the West. ^Ir. Campbell at 
once recognized his sterling qualities, and In- 
guiding his studies enabled him to a great ex- 
tent to make up the lack of collegiate training. 

When only twenty years of age ]Mr. Ryan 
passed his examination in the Circuit Court at 
St. Louis with great credit to himself, and at 
once began the practice of law. Starting out 
under his friend and guide, Mr. Campbell, he 
mapped out a course for himself, and was soon 
recognized as one of the ablest members of the 
bar in the Circuit and Federal courts in St. 
Louis. Mr. Ryan's special forte is pleading. 
He has a large clientage, and never lets an im- 
portant point escape attention. He continues 
to keep up the high standard his talents and 
energy have established, and is much feared b\- 
opposing counsel, especially in jury cases. 

He has inherited, to a marked degree, the 
patriotism and loyalty of his ancestors. To his 
mother he owes the strong individualit}- which 
has marked his career, and his steadfastness of 
purpose and perseverance in the right. To her, 
also, he owes his unfailing faith in the people 
and their right and capacity to govern them- 
selves. The love of liberty has been instilled 
from his earliest infancy, and his speeches in 
favor of greater freedom for the oppressed peo- 
ple of Ireland are but the natural result of the 
early training and strong character of a noble 
mother, who knows so well how much and how 
long her native land has suffered. 

^Ir. Ryan has been connected with the Irish 
National League of America since 1881, and in 
1884, at Boston, was elected first vice-presi- 
dent, and was unanimously elected chairman at 
the last convention in Chicago. He was the 
orator of the day in New York, at the Academy 
of :\Iusic, :\Iarch 4, 1892, at the Emmet cele- 
bration, and also at Philadelphia in March, 1894. 
In the summer of 1892 he was one of three com- 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



263 



missioiiers sent to Ireland l)y the National 
Leagne to endea\-or to nnite the warring fac- 
tions in the Irish Parliamentary party. 

In 18;h) he was elected Snpreme Chancellor of 
the Legion of Honor, a prominent local organi- 
zation, and discharged the duties of this impor- 
tant office with singular ability. In 1892 he 
responded to the toast, "The Day We Cele- 
brate," at the banquet of the Knights of St. 
Patrick, of which he is a distinguished member. 

\\'hen an almost friendless boy, with but 
limited opportuni- 
ties, hews a path- 
way for his own ad- 
V a n c e m e n t , and 
scales the heights of 
success and honor, 
the world should 
gladly make record 
of his name. We are 
all too prone to think 
of aman's present po- 
sition as something 
which has always 
existed. Mr. Ryan 
to-dav views the fut- 
ure from the van- 
tage ground his own 
efforts have raised ; 
but with this he is 
not content, and his 
studious habits and 
careful work promise 
still greater profes- om n 

sional advancement. 

In St. Louis Mr. Ryan's ability as an orator 
is thoroughly appreciated, and he is usually the 
first man called upon to assist on occasions where 
a brilliant speech is desired. He has spoken in 
nearly every large city in America. He is an 
orator in the broad sense. His words, at will, 
flow zephyr-like, bearing the roses' sweets, and 
bid defiance to logic and reason, or fall in clear- 
ciU sentences of deliberate argument. There 
is in him that remarkable and almost inimi- 
table versatilitv which fits him for the ros- 




a power before a jury or in an appellate court. 

Mr. Ryan is a bachelor, and, being a great 
reader, pays but little attention to society. 

In politics he has always been a Democrat, 
and active in every campaign in the city of 
St. Louis, where he is very popular. He has 
wisely left office to his friends and devoted him- 
self to his profession. 

Burleigh, William John, M.D., was born 
in Providence, Rhode Island, Augu.st 15, 185,'), 
in the com m o n 
schools of which city 
he acquired his early 
education, graduat- 
ing from the Provi- 
dence High School 
in 1.S72, when he 
began a collegiate 
course at the Fount- 
ain Academy, then 
under the control of 
the Christian Broth- 
ers. 

In 1874 he came 
west with his par- 
ents, James K. and 
Mary(McShea) Bur- 
leigh, and in 1879 
he began the study 
of medicine in the 
Homceopathic Med- 
ical College of Mis- 
^,y ^^ souri, attending one 

session only. Iul880 
he entered the Mis.souri Medical College, and 
graduated in the spring of 188;-?. In July he 
went to Philadelphia, and attended the Hahne- 
mann Medical College of that city for one year, 
graduating in spring, 1884. He then returned 
to St. Louis, and has ever since made this cit\- 
his home. The Doctor has figured very promi- 
nently in connection with the homceopathic 
brethren as clinician of the Homoeopathic 
Medical College in 18S4, which position he con- 
tinued to fill until called to the chair of profes- 



trum or the political meeting, and makes him sor of clinical medicine and physical diagnosis. 



264 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



He severed his connection with the college in 
1891. He has always evinced a lively interest 
in the State National Gnards, having at one 
time carried a musket in the ranks of the famous 
" Rainwater Rifles;" he has also been appointed 
and acted as assistant surgeon of the First Regi- 
ment, N. G. M., with the rank of captain. He 
is a member of the famous " Marquette Club." 
Dr. Burleigh is a polished, cultured and 
graceful gentleman, suggestive of the olden 
school, yet possessed of all the vigor, ambition 
and " get up and get" of the modern. He is 
in the prime of life, and, as yet, travels the 
social world in single harness. The Doctor has 
worked earnestly, early and late, never flagging 
in his energy, and, as a result, he has now that 
of which any man might well feel proud. 

Clark, vS. H. H., president and general man- 
ager of the Union Pacific Railroad, and whose 
excellent work for the Missouri Pacific led to his 
being also elected president of that mammoth sys- 
tem, is probably the best known and most influ- 
ential railroad man west of the Mississippi river. 
His work in connection with the Union Pacific 
Railway, has been of the highest possible order, 
so much so that when on the death of Mr. Ja}- 
Gould, Mr. Clark was elected president of the 
Missouri Pacific Railroad, the directors of the 
Union Pacific ignored his resignation and insisted 
on his continuing at their head, at least for a 
time. Their importunity and determination 
met with the desired result, and finally the dif- 
ficulties were adjusted by Mr. George Gould 
accepting the presidency of the Missouri Pacific, 
leaving Mr. Clark at the head of the corpora- 
tion whose affairs he had straightened out so 
ably. 

The details of Mr. Clark's early life are mea- 
ger, but enough of them is known to show that 
he owes all his prosperity and reputation to his 
own individual exertions. To say that he is a 
self-made man, is to use an expression repeated 
so frequently that it has lost its real significance. 
Mr. Clark was born on a farm near Morristown, 
New Jersey. His father was not a wealth)- 
man, and when the subject of this sketch was 



but eleven years of age, an accident to Mr. Clark, 
Sr., threw the son upon his own resources. 
Hunting around for employment which would 
provide food and clothing, young Clark found 
a position in as tone quarrj-, where he worked 
for some time. Fortunately he was of a studious 
disposition and continued his studies at night, 
although often too tired after a hard day's work 
to do much reading. 

While still a boy he obtained employment on 
a local railroad. His position was an humble 
one, but he gave it the most careful attention 
and rapidly rose in the ranks. Finally he be- 
came conductor of a passenger train running 
out of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Here his ster- 
ling abilities made themselves evident, and at- 
tracted the attention of Mr. Sidney Dillon, of 
New York, who formed a strong friendship for 
the intelligent and handsome conductor, and 
finally appointed him general manager of the 
Flushing Railroad on Long Island. The inter- 
est of Mr. Dillon, and his New York associates, 
were so well looked after, that when Mr. Dillon 
secured a controlling interest in the Union Pa- 
cific system in 1S()8, Mr. Clark was sent for 
and was appointed first general freight agent. 
Promotion followed rapidly, and the name of 
second vice-president, and general manager, 
Clark, ver>- soon became a household word in 
national railroad circles. 

It was while discharging the arduous duties 
of this position that Mr. Clark first came into 
contact with Mr. Jay Gould, and a very warm 
friendship sprung up between the great railroad 
king and the gentleman who was so faithfully 
watching the interests of those who had placed 
their trust in him. In 1884 Mr. Gould per- 
suaded Mr. Clark to accept the general manage- 
ment of the Gould southwestern system, and 
from November 188(j he had full control of that 
magnificent system, with its 7,000 miles of 
track, and its earnings of nearly thirty millions 
per annum. When Mr. Gould secured a con- 
trolling interest in the Union Pacific, he at once 
selected Mr. Clark as president. 

;\Ir. Clark is not yet, by any means, an old 
man, although his attention to details and gen- 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



26o 



eral hard work have somewhat impaired his 
healtli. He is a man of very fine presence, 
considerably above the average height, and 
very deliberate and convincing in his speech. 

JoxKS, Breckinridge, was born October 2, 
18.")(), near Danville, Boj-le county, Kentucky. 
His father was Daniel Wni. Jones, who married, 
October 18, 1842, Rebecca Robertson Dunlap. 
He was a merchant and extensive farmer and 
trader in Central Kentucky, until the breaking 
out of the civil war. 
He was out-spoken 
in his sympathies for 
the South, and there- 
for, in November, 
I•'^lil, was indicted 
for treason in the 
Federal court, at 
Frankfort, Ken- 
tucky. His health 
prevented him from 
enlisting in the con- 
federate army, but 
his we 1 1-k n o w n 
Southern sympa- 
thies forced him to re- 
main away from his 
home, and further 
south, almost 
throughout the war. 
At the close of the 
war he took his fam- 
ily to New York city, brkckinr 
where, for two years, 

he was a banker and broker in Wall street. 
While there, his home was on Staten Island, 
from which his son, Breckinridge, during the 
session of 18ti(i-7, attended the then well-known 
school of George C. Anthon, in New York city. 
In l.S()7 the father returned with his family 
to Kentucky, and was the daily companion and 
adviser of his son during the latter's college 
days. By this association the views and char- 
acteristics of the father were impressed on the 
son. He was of impulsive temperament, quick 
to resent an insult, decided and pronounced in 




his likes and dislikes, of mature and wise judg- 
ment, a liberal provider for his family, and 
a hospitable and constant entertainer of his 
friends. He was the son of Robert Jones and 
his wife, Nancy Talbott. This Robert Jones 
was the son of a Baptist preacher, John Jones 
and his wife, Elizabeth Elrod, whom he had 
married at Shallow Ford, then in Yadkin countv, 
North Carolina, and came to Kentucky among 
its earliest settlers, living in Bryant Station 
more than a year. This John Jones was a son 
of David (or John) 
Jones, from Wales, 
and Mary ( Polly ) 
McCann, from Ire- 
land. Elizabeth El- 
rod was the daughter 
of Robert Elrod, 
from Germany, and 
his wife, Sarah Wil- 
son, from England. 
Nancy Talbott, the 
grandmother of the 
subjectofthissketch, 
was the daughter of 
Demovil Talbott, a 
Revolutionary sol- 
dier, and his wife, 
Margaret Williams, 
both of Bourbon 
county, Kentnck}'. 
The mother ( still 
living) of our sub- 
ject is of the best 
strain of those 
Scotch-Irish settlers who, about 173.T, .settled in 
the valley of Virginia, and became the earliest 
and most heroic of Kentucky's earliest settlers. 
Her brothers were all men of distinction. 
George W. Dunlap was one of the war con- 
gressmen from Kentucky, and was for a genera- 
tion one of the leaders of the bar in his State. 
He was the father of that gifted Kentucky 
poetess. Miss Eugenia Dunlap Potts. Theodore 
Dunlap died in middle-life, a distinguished 
physician. Richard W. Dunlap was for many 
vears chairman of the State Board of Health of 



IDOE JONKS. 



200 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Kentucky, and a physician of national promi- 
nence. Another brother, Lafayette Dnnlap, 
was, at 22 years of age, a member of the Ken- 
tucky lyegislature, afterwards an officer in the 
war with Mexico; went to California, in 184.S, 
and died within a year, having been elected a 
member of the Legislature there. Her father, 
George Dunlap (born January 211, 1789, died 
June 30, 1851), and whose picture adorns the 
walls of the court-house of Lincoln, one of the 
three original counties iu Kentucky, was there 
for many years "a member of the county court 
under the old constitution." It is said of him 
that he stood as a public arbitrator among his 
neighbors, scarcely ever permitting a case to 
come to trial, and never issued a fee bill in his 
life. Of this family was the gallant Hugh 
McKee, another Kentuckian, recognized as one 
of the heroes of the American navy. He led 
the attack and was one of the first to reach the 
forts of Corea, Asia, June 11, 1871. Admiral 
Rogers, in the report of the fight, said: "The 
citadel has been named Fort McKee in honor of 
that gallant officer, who led the assault upon it, 
and who gave his life for the honor of his flag." 

Breckinridge Jones entered the Kentucky 
University at Lexington as a freshman, in Sep- 
tember, 1871, and the next year, his father hav- 
ing bought a home at Danville, Kentucky, the 
son entered Centre College, from which he was 
graduated in 187;'). During the following ses- 
sion he taught in a graded school at Lawrence- 
burg, Kentucky, and the two years after was a 
law student in the office of the distinguished 
Col. Thomas Peyton Hill, at Stanford, Ken- 
tucky, being admitted to the bar in 1877. In 
October, 1878, he came to St. Louis, entering 
the law office of Lee & Adams. That winter 
he attended the St. Louis Law School, and the 
following summer attended the summer law 
school at the University of Virginia. 

In November, 1883, he was elected, from St. 
Louis, a member of the Missouri House of Rep- 
resentatives. 

On October 21, 1885, he married Miss Fran- 
ces Miller Reid, of Stanford, Kentucky, and 
four children bless the union. She was a 



daughter of John M. Reid and Elizabeth Hays, 
his wife, and of Scotch-Irish descent. 

^Ir. Jones continued the successful practice of 
the law until the fall of 1888, when, by reason 
of the interest of himself and immediate friends, 
he undertook the reorganization of the Decatur 
Land Improvement and Furnace Company, at 
Decatur, Alabama. By reason of the yellow 
fe\-er epidemic there, that year, this work kept 
him from St. Louis until i81t<)^ when he re- 
turned and became the secretary of the Missis- 
sippi Valley Trust Company, at its organization 
(capital, $1,500,000). In 1893 this company 
increased its capital stock to |2,()00,000, and in 
February, 1894, Mr. Jones was elected 2d vice- 
jsrcsident and counsel, which position he now 
holds. 

Flshkr, Daniel D., son of Thomas and 
Elizabeth (Dwiggins) Fisher, was born in Mt. 
Etna, Indiana, December 16, 1837. He conies 
from one of the old, and substantial families 
of that vState. His father is a man of dignit\-, 
character, and the sturd\- quailities of the earl\- 
setlers of that State, is still living where his son 
was born, and is highly esteemed and respected 
in his declining years. 

He was educated in the public schools of In- 
diana, and subsequently at Wheaton College, 
Illinois, where he graduated with honors in 
INCo. He then studied law at Ottawa, and was 
admitted to the bar at Springfield, Illinois, 
early in the )-ear IXiKi. He came to St. Louis 
in March of the same year, and was shortly 
afterwards admitted to the bar in this State. 

Mr. Fisher started in life with little to help 
him, beyond a strong constitution and an 
energy which admitted of no discouragement. 
Even during his school and college career he 
was obliged to work his own way, not having 
sufficient funds to meet the heavy expense of 
securing a first-class legal education. He rec- 
ognized throughout his studies the fact that his 
future depended entirely upon himself, and he 
not only acquired a magnificent legal training, 
but also habits of industry and thrift, whicli 
ha\-e helped him in the splendid career, which 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



2fi7 



he has been able to map out for himself. Mr. 
Fisher's success is calculated to encourage young 
men in every profession, and especially in the 
one in which he has distinguished himself so 
signally. As a student, as a young practitioner, 
as an experienced and pre-eminently successful 
lawver, and as a circuit court judge, he has 
excelled, and he has made a record without a 
blot, and has secured friends by the thousand, 
as much by his unassuming manner as by 
his marked and indeed conspicuous ability. 

At the age of twen- 
t^•-nine Mr. Fisher 
formed a partnership 
with Mr. Clinton 
Rowell, under the 
firm of Fisher S: 
Rowell, which com- 
menced business on 
April 1, 18(i(i, and 
continued without 
change until he be- 
came judge of the 
Circuit Court twen- 
ty-three years later. 
The young lawyers 
were not long wait- 
ing for business and 
soon became known 
as among the busiest 
of the legal frater- 
nity of the West. 
They continued 
working together 
with great success 

for upwards of twenty-three years, and it was 
only when ;\Ir. Fisher consented to allow him- 
self to be placed in nomination for judge of the 
Cnircuit Court that any question of dissolution 
was discussed. 

In these years of active practice at the bar, 
Mr. Fisher's iinn was engaged in much of the 
important litigation pending in the State and 
national tribunals. In the fierce contests of 
the trial courts, where the struggle is in reallife 
and there are blows to take as well as those to 
give, he never shrank from any responsibility, 




DANIEL D. FISHER. 



but maintained his cause with unflinching cour- 
age and marked ability. 

The voters of St. Louis were only too glad of 
the opportunity of recording their votes for the 
candidate for the bench who was so admirably 
adapted in every respect for the position, and 
he was elected by a large majority. 

Judge Fisher has made a most acceptable 
judge. He combines with the firmness neces- 
sary for the preservation of order that absolute 
impartiality without which justice can hardlv 
be done to litigants, 
and he is also so well 
versed in the law 
and details of its ad- 
ministration by the 
courts, that it is very 
seldom one of his 
decisions is overrul- 
ed, or even appealed 
from. He brought 
with him to his high 
position, thorough 
knowledge of the 
law, derived not on- 
ly from his studies, 
but from that school 
where it is best 
learned long years 
of acti\-e practice at 
the bar. Judge Fish- 
er has an admirable 
faculty of rapidly 
comprehending the 
points presented to 
him, and thoroughly mastering the facts and 
legal propositions involved in the case presented. 
His judgment is sound and thoroughly impar- 
tial, while he is conscientious and sincerely 
anxious to decide for the right party his mind 
is clear and decisive, not oppressed with unnec- 
essary doubts, enabling him to come to a 
prompt decision, and in this way he has been 
eminently successful in dispatching the busi- 
ness before him. Judge F'isher has an admi- 
rable temperament for the judicial position. Of 
even temper and not easily excited, he moves 



26S 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



matters forward without disturbance or friction. 

Since being elected to the bench Judge Fisher 
has retired, somewhat, from active and social 
life, but he is still highly respected by the com- 
mercial, as well as the legal fraternity of St. 
Louis. 

Judge Fisher married shortly after his admis- 
sion to the bar, Miss Carrie A. McKee, daugh- 
ter of Mr. David and Mrs. Sarah (Ward) 
McKee, of Aurora, Illinois. He has one child 
living, Katherine Pauline, lately married to 
Lieutenant George Marion Brown, of the United 
States Army. 

Bond, Henry Whitelaw, Judge of the St. 
Louis Court of Appeals, and one of the ablest 
lawyers in Missouri, attained judicial honors at 
a comparatively early age. He has not yet 
reached the fiftieth landmark, although he has 
established his reputation as an able and just 
judge, and as a man whose decisions are based 
upon sound law and good common sense. The 
Judge is a native of Tennessee, having been 
born near Brownsville, on January 27, 1848. 
He received a good education in the public 
schools of his own State, and when sixteen 
years of age he came to St. Louis, and at once 
entered the City University, where he enjoyed 
the advantages of a course of tuition from Prof. 
Henry Wyman, so many of whose pupils have 
since distinguished themselves in various pro- 
fessional careers. He returned to Tennessee in 
1865, but almost at once went to Harvard. At 
the close of 18(56 he was once more in his native 
State, where he studied law under the able as- 
sistance of Judge Thomas J. Freeman. 

He was admitted to the bar in 1870, just after 
he had attained his majority, and at once com- 
menced practicing in Tennessee. The young 
lawyer made a large number of friends and 
promptly established his reputation as a good 
fighter and an able exponent of intricate legis- 
lation. After practicing about nine years in 
Tennessee, and establishing a large and lucrat- 
ive connection, he came on to St. Louis, where 
he commenced practicing on April 19, 187SI. 
For one year he had no partner, but he then be- 



came associated with Judge James J. Lindslej^, 
with whom he was connected until the year 1886. 

In 18(i5 he was elected a member to the 
Thirty-third General Assembly, and his record 
in that body was a singularly good one, his 
name being connected with much excellent leg- 
islation. At the expiration of his term he re- 
turned to practice and entered into partnership 
with Charles Gibson and Charles Eldon Gibson, 
the firm name being Gibson, Bond & Gibson. 
This partnership continued for about four years, 
a specialty being made of corporation law, and 
man}- cases of immense importance being han- 
dled by Judge Bond personally with great suc- 
cess. The co-partnership was terminated by 
the election of Mr. Bond to a seat on the bench 
of the St. Louis Court of Appeals. He received 
the support, in the race, of many men who dif- 
fered from him politically, but who realized his 
personal integrity and his singular fitness for 
the position. 

Fourteen years ago Judge Bond married Miss 
May D. Miller, daughter of Judge Austin Miller, 
of Bolivar, Tennes.see. Three children have 
resulted from the union: Thomas, Irene and 
Whitelaw. 

Cale, George William, is one of the well- 
known railroadmen of this city. Although 
barely fifty years of age, he is thoroughly expe- 
rienced in his profession, and is freely consulted 
on matters of special importance, especially 
relating to railroad freight. His cheerful, oblig- 
ing disposition, added to his conspicuous ability, 
has made him a host of friends, and he is looked 
upon by his associates as a coming man in the 
railroad world, and as not having yet reached 
the goal of his ambition. 

Mr. Cale was born in this city, in August, 
1844, and is the son of William and Evelyn 
Cale. He attended the public schools, passing 
through the various divisions, and acquiring a 
good, sound education. This he supplemented 
by a course of book-keeping at Jones' Commer- 
cial College, and then obtained a position in a 
humble capacity for the Blue Line Fast Freight 
Company. He fulfilled his duties faithfully and 





UC ^^^^^^(l^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



269 



well for a few years, and then secnred a more 
lucrative position in the office of the Star Union 
Line, which was managed in St. Louis at that 
time by Mr. Nathan Stevens. Under the super- 
vision of this celebrated railroad man he ad- 



and Mr. Cale proved a most efficient officer, so 
much so that, in December, 1882, Vice-President 
and General Manager Rogers appointed him 
assistant freight agent of the 'Frisco system. 
Shortly afterwards he was promoted to the posi- 



vanced steadih' in subordinate positions, and, a tion of general freight and traffic manager, a 

position he still occupies, and whose business 
he transacts with conspicuous ability. 

Mr. Cale has mounted the ladder steadily by 
aid of hard work alone. He is in the enjoyment 
of excellent health, and bears his fifty years so 
well that he could 
easily pass for a 
younger man. The 
same careful atten- 
tion to business de- 
tails which expe- 
dited his advance- 
ment years ago still 
remains one of the 
prominent charac- 
teristics of his daily 
work. Mr. Cale has 
given to his office 
the most careful at- 
tention and has suc- 
ceeded in bringing 
to jnerfection a num- 
ber of important re- 
forms. His popu- 
larity in railroad 
circles is almost 
unique, and his ad- 
vice is frequently 
sought b\- his nn- 



vacancy occnrrnig in the chief clerkship, he 
was apjjointed to that important position. 

His success in this capacity attracted the 
attention of the White Line Express Company, 
which was operating on the Pacific Railroad, 
and, accepting a 
favorable offer, he 
identified himself 
with this company, 
serving under the 
administration of 
several presidents, 
including George R. 
Taylor, D. R. Garri- 
son and William Mc- 
Pherson. He was 
subsequently ap- 
pointed chief clerk of 
the general freight 
department of the 
Pacific R a i I r o a d 
Company, whose of- 
fices, at that time, 
were at the corner 
of Sixth and Olive 
streets. He with- 
drew from this posi- 
tion when the Pa- 
cific Railroad was 
leased to the Atlantic & Pacific, and for about 
six mouths conducted an agency of pooled east- 
ern freight lines. 

As long as the pool lasted Mr. Cale managed 
it successfully, and when it was dis.solved he 
opened the general freight agency office of Cale & 
Hudson, at Second and Olive streets. The busi- 
ness proved a great success, but when Mr. Ja\- 
Gould reorganized the Missouri Pacific and Iron 
Mountain systems he appointed Mr. Cale gen- 
eral freight agent of the Missouri Pacific. Mr. 
Gould's estimate of men was, as usual, correct, 




GEORGE WILLIAM CALE. 



merous friends and fellow-workers. 

Mr. Cale has a family of nine children. Mrs. 
Cale was formerly Miss Matilda L- Carvell, of 
St. Louis, and she was married to Mr. Cale in 

is.sd. 

Kovi), WiiJJ.^M GoDDiN, president of the St. 
Louis Merchants' Exchange, is one of the rep- 
resentative young men of New St. Louis, whose 
pluck and energy have assisted so materially in 
the development of the magnificent resources 
and commercial possibilities of w-hat is now 



270 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



regarded the world over as a city of the first 
rank. Mr. Boyd comes of excellent Virginia 
stock, which in him received the polish of Ken- 
tucky culture. His parents were not wealthy 
in the nineteenth century meaning of the term, 
and the man who is now at the head of the first 
commercial organization of the Mississippi 
Valley worked his way to the front from a com- 
paratively insignificant beginning. Always 
active, alert and intelligent, Mr. Boyd has made 
his influence felt and his value appreciated 
from the time when as a boy of sixteen he com- 
menced to clerk in his father's store until his 
sterling merit and executive ability were recog- 
nized substantially by his associates of the 
Merchants' Exchange, and on February 14, 
1894, he was elevated to the presidency of that 
body. 

Mr. Boyd has proved an excellent executive 
officer, always ready to encourage every enter- 
prise of a character calculated to impress upon 
the general public the greatness of St. Louis 
and to advance its interests in a legitimate man- 
ner. He is one of the youngest presidents on 
the long roll of Exchange officers, but he has so 
far administered the responsibe affairs of his 
office with an ability which guarantees for him 
a record at the end of his term which will com- 
pare favorably with that of any of his predeces- 
sors. In his general business relations ^Ir. 
Boyd has been as successful as in his public 
career, and he is regarded as one of the most 
substantial and reliable men in the West. 

Mr. Boyd was born at Richmond, Kentucky, 
in June, 1853, and is hence about forts-one years 
of age. He comes of excellent stock, uniting 
the blood of the courageous Virginia cavalier 
with that of his first cousin, the daring and ad- 
venturesome Kentucky pioneer, a union which it 
is claimed has produced the strongest and most 
perfect type of American manhood — individuals 
who constitute in many instances an order of 
natural and genuine nobility. Mr. Boyd's great- 
grandmother on the maternal side, before her 
name became Curie through marriage, was a 
Miss Irvine. She was one of a family of ten 
daughters and three sous. The whole family 



moved from \'irginia to Central Kentucky about 
1812, and the sons took an active part in the 
development of the country. Christopher was 
killed by the Indians at j\lill Creek. 

Mr. Boyd's uncle, Richmond Curie, was one 
of the earl)- pioneers of St. Louis. The Bovd's 
also came to Kentucky about 1812, and the 
grandfather of the subject of this biograph^•, 
William G. Boyd, did distinguished duty as a 
captain in the army of patrols during the Revo- 
lution. His son, William W., married ^liss 
Sophie Goddin, and their son, William Goddin 
Boyd, brings us down again to our actual sub- 
ject. 

The father, William W. Boyd, was in the dry 
goods business, and two years after the birth of 
his son he moved to Lexington, Kentucky, 
where, under the firm name of Allen &. Boyd, 
the business was prosperously continued. In 
this center of Kentucky culture the son re- 
ceived his early training and education, attend- 
ing the elementary school, and later the Transyl- 
vania University at Lexington. 

At the age of sixteen he left the lecture-room 
for the store, and for three years clerked in his 
father's establishment, learning a great deal of 
importance during the time in regard to retail 
merchandise generally. He was next placed in 
charge of the office of Clark & Brother, wholesale 
grocers, in the same town, and after a short con- 
nection with these gentlemen entered the house 
of Appleton, Alexander & Duff, wholesale dry- 
goods merchants. In the following year he 
accepted a clerkship under Col. A. M. Swope, 
Collector of Internal Revenue for the Seventh 
Kentucky District, and was almost immediately 
promoted to the chief deputyship. 

By this time Mr. Boyd was nearly thirty 
years of age, and for some time had been on 
the lookout for a city in which the opportunities 
for advancement were limited only by the enter- 
prise and zeal of the worker. He decided that 
St. Louis was the most desirable city in which 
to locate, and in October, 1882, he came here 
and was appointed cashier for the firm of D. R. 
Francis & Brother. In 1884, on the incorporation 
of the Francis Commission Company, ]\Ir. Boyd 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



271 



became a director and treasurer, a relation to the 
company he >et holds. His official connection 
with the Merchants' Exchange began in Janu- 
ary, 18il2, by his election as one of its directors. 
Before the expiration of his term he was elected 
first vice-president, and on the death of President 
Harlow, was elected to succeed him. He has 
represented the Exchange at several important 
conventions, notably the Missouri River Conven- 
tion at Kansas City, the Deep-water Convention 
at Memphis, and the Trans- Mississippi Congress 
at Ogden, Utah. 

While in K e n- 
tucky INIr. Boyd was 
connected witli sev- 
eral local institutions 
and was for years a 
member of the Lex- 
ington Guards. In 
St. Louis Mr. Boyd's 
assistance has been 
invoked by the pro- 
moters of public en- 
terprises of every 
character. He is a 
member of the j\ler- 
cantile and St. Louis 
clubs; of the Legion 
of Honor; of the 
Royal Arcanum, in 
the Grand Council 
of which he served 
for three years; of 
the Knights of Honor 
and of the Western 

Commercial Travelers' Association. He is a 
director of the Pastime Gymnastic Associa- 
tion. 

In politics Mr. Boyd is a Republican. He 
is an active Christian worker, and is a deacon of 
the Grand Avenue Presbyterian Church. 

On December 15, 1875, Mr. Boyd married 
^liss Hallie Francis, daughter of IMr. and Mrs. 
John B. Francis, and a sister of Mis.souri's ex- 
governor, David R. Francis. Mrs. Boyd died 
last December, leaving three daughters, aged, 
respectively, seventeen, fourteen, and si.x. 




WILLIAM QODDIN BOYD. 



Hagerman, Jame.s, is one of the well-known 
lawyers of St. Louis, though he has only recently 
moved here. He is at present general solicitor 
of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway sys- 
tem, and is about forty-seven years of age, 
ha\ing been born in Clarke county, Missouri, 
November 26, 18-4.S. In him are combined the 
\irile stock of the Old Dominion and the noble 
blood of the Blue-Grass State, a union which, 
measured by every law of hereditary influence, 
gave the inheritor a marked natural advantage 
in his struggle with 
the world. Mr. Ha- 
german's father, 
Benjamin Franklin 
Hagerman, was a 
native of Loudon 
county, Virgi nia, 
and came to Missouri 
when quite young, 
settling in Lewis 
county. His mother, 
.\nn vS. Hagerman, 
nee Cowgill, was 
born in Mason coun- 
ty, Kentucky, and 
also came to Mis- 
souri with her par- 
ents w hen v e r y 
young, locating in 
Clarke county. 

The lad attended 
the village school of 
Alexandria, in 
Clarke county, and 
. Louis, where his 



was afterwards sent to St 
education was advanced. 

In the spring of 1864 his parents moved to 
Keokuk, Iowa, and to that promising young 
city James followed them in the fall of the same 
year. While in St. Louis he attended Christ- 
ian Brothers' College, at that time located on 
Seventh and Cerre streets. Later, he entered 
Professor Jamieson's Latin School, at Keokuk, 
and there completed his general education. 

F'rom boyhood Mr. Hagerman determined on 
the law as his profession, and when he left 



272 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



school he entered the office of Rankin &McCrary, 
and began the reading of law. The young stu- 
dent's reading was completed at an age so early 
that under the statutes of Iowa he could not be 
admitted to the bar in that State, so he posted 
off down into Missouri in search of Judge Wag- 
ner, of the Missouri Supreme Bench, and, find- 
ing him at LaGrange, was duly inducted into 
the legal profession. 

Returning to Keokuk he entered the ofhce of 
Rankin & McCrary, with wlrom he remained 
until the summer of 1869. He next removed to 
Palmyra, Missouri, and in partnership with Mr. 
H. L. Lipscomb opened an office for general 
practice, where he remained for a year and then 
returned to Keokuk. Here, in 1875, he became 
a member of the legal firm of McCrary, Hager- 
man & McCrary. In 1879 Judge George W. 
McCrary was appointed judge of the Eighth 
Federal Circuit, and on his retirement from 
practice, Frank Hagerman (now of the Kansas 
City bar), brother of the subject of this biogra- 
phy, was taken into partnership, the firm be- 
coming Hagerman, McCrary & Hagerman. 

On Judge McCrary's resignation from the 
bench early in 1884, he was appointed general 
counsel for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 
Railroad, and Mr. Hagerman accepted the gen- 
eral attorneyship of the road, and moved to 
Topeka, Kansas, ending a term of fourteen 
years' practice at Keokuk. 

He acted as general attorney for the " Santa 
Fe " for two years, or until May, 188(3, when 
he located in Kansas City, which was then at 
the zenith of its commercial prosperity, and 
under the firm name of Warner, Dean & Hager- 
man formed a partnership with the two leading 
legal lights — William Warner and O. H. Dean. 
From 1888 to 1891 Mr. Hagerman, in con- 
nection with his other practice, acted as general 
counsel for the receivers of the Missouri, Kan- 
sas & Texas Railway. So ably did he conduct 
the legal affairs of the road during that period 
that on the reorganization of the system in 1891 
he was called to the responsible position of gen- 
eral solicitor, a position he now holds, with 
headquarters in this city. 



Mr. Hagerman, since the beginning, has fol- 
lowed his profession with all the ardor and de- 
votion engendered by a genuine love for his 
work. Such has been his devotion to the law 
that he would never allow a connection with any 
other business to interfere with his practice. 
Like all men who follow a profession with un- 
flagging industry and undivided attention, he 
has already reaped the reward of a successful 
lawyer, the more gratifying, certainly, because 
he must be considered as having reached only 
the meridian of life. He is not a lawyer versed 
only in one special line of practice. While he 
is considered an authority in corporation law, 
like many older practitioners in the West, who 
are the architects of their own legal fortunes, 
he has run the legal gamut from bottom to top, 
trying civil and criminal cases in the justice 
courts, appearing as counsel in civil and crim- 
inal cases in courts of record, and arguing the 
merits of causes before referees, boards of arbi- 
tration, masters of chancery, and the various 
appellate tribunals. State, Territorial and Fed- 
eral, up to and including the Supreme Court of 
the United States, in cases of as great variety 
(some important, and some not) as the tribunals 
before which they were brought. He is a law- 
yer of as great a versatility as ability, forceful 
in oratory and wise in advisory capacity. 

He has always been an ardent, liberal, pro- 
gressive Democrat. In 1879 he presided over 
the Iowa Democratic Convention which nomi- 
nated Hon. H. H. Trimble for governor, and in 
1880 was one of the Iowa delegates to the Dem- 
ocratic National Convention which nominated 
Hancock for president. In 1888 he was the 
permanent chairman of the Missouri Democratic 
Convention which nominated Hon. David R. 
Francis for governor. He is a member of the 
Iowa, Kansas and Missouri State Bar associa- 
tions, and the American Bar Association. 

Mr. Hagerman was married at Palmyra, Mis- 
souri, to Miss Margaret M. Walker of that town, 
on October 26, 1871. The marriage has been 
blessed by two children, Lee W. and James. 
The former is now at Harvard, while the latter 
is his father's assistant in the St. Louis office. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



ISarlow, Stki'HEn Douglas, assistant sec- perniaiiently from the presidenc)- and practical 
retary of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & South- ownership of the road. Mr. Gould at once be- 
ern Railway, ranks among the best-known and came president, appointing Mr. D. H. S. .Smith 



most experienced railroad men in the West. 
More than forty years ago, when the St. Louis 
i^ Iron Mountain Railway Company was first 
organized, Mr. Barlow was elected secretary and 
treasurer. He was repeatedly re-elected to this 



local treasurer and Mr. Barlow local secretary. 
The last named gentleman was also appointed 
land commissioner for Missouri for the Iron 
Mountain Road. These positions Mr. Barlow 
continues to hold, and although he is to-day the 



position, and when the road was completed to oldest railroad man in Missouri, he is far fron: 
Pilot Knob in 1858 he took a prominent part in being the least active, and certainly rank^ 
the necessarily important financial arrange- among the most able, and most reliable. 



ments. In Novem- 
ber of the following 
year he was elected 
a director, and liis 
ability as a railroad 
ni a u a g e r was so 
freely recognized 
that he was made 
president, continu- 
ing to hold the posi- 
tion until the year 
l.Sdd. In 1871 he 
went East for the 
benefit of his health 
and on returning in 
the winter of ISTl^-.') 
Mr. Thomas .\lleu, 
president of the re- 
organized St. Louis, 
Iron Mountain & 
Southern Railroad, 
insisted upon his re- 
suming his relations 
with the company. 




STEPHEN DOUGLAS BARLOW 



The man who has 
thus been connected 
with the Iron Mount- 
ain Railroad from 
a time antedating 
the laying of the first 
tie, was born in Mid- 
dlebury, Vermont, 
February 4, 181 (J. 
His father was Mr. 
Jonathan K. Barlow, 
and his mother was 
Miss Honor Doug- 
las, a relative of Sen- 
ator Stephen A. 
Douglas, of Illinois. 
When Mr. Barlow 
was about t li r e e 
years old his ])a- 
rents mo\ed to Cen- 
esee county. New 
York, and for about 
five years he attended 
the country schools 
the vicinity of his home. When twelve 



Mr. Barlow then became assistant president, 

which position he occupied with conspicuous years of age he was sent to the Wyoming Acad- 
emy, where he remained for two years. He 
next entered the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, 
near Rochester, New York, where he studied 
mathematics, as well as Kuglish subjects gen- 
erally. Naturally independent by disposition, 
he secured means for the carrying on of his 
studies by teaching school during the winter 
months. Later he secured a position with a 
Batavia, New York, attorney. Here again he 
used his salary entirely for the purpose of in- 



ability until 1874. A vacancy then occurred in 
the position of secretary and treasurer, and just 
about the time that the company was reincorpo- 
rated under the laws of Missouri and ,\rkansas, 
.Mr. P>arlow returned to the position he had held 
during the infancy of the enterprise. In the 
year l>i7(i Mr. .\llen was elected to Congress, 
and the multiplicity of his duties having im- 
paired his health, he finally accepted the his- 
torical offer of Mr. Jay Gould and retired 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



creasing his education, and altliougli lie was ad- 
mitted to the bar in l'S;>Ii he did not open an 
office for himself. 

In 18311, or abont fifty-five years ago, Mr. Bar- 
low decided to locate in St. Louis. He traveled 
by water to Cleveland, Ohio, and during the 
o\-erland route from that point to Indianapolis 
he doubtless realized the great need of railroads 
running west, though it is exceedingly doubt- 
ful that he even dreamt of the important part 
he was subsequently to play in railroad building 
and management. He arrived in this city in 
November, 1839. Mr. Augustus Chouteau, who 
was then in business at the corner of Market 
street and the Levee, secured for him a position 
in the Circuit Court, of which General John 
Ruland was then clerk. In 1842, on the estab- 
lishment of the Court of Common Pleas of St. 
Louis, Mr. Joseph W. Walsh, the first clerk, 
appointed Mr. Barlow his principal deputy. In 
1844 the County Court appointed Mr. Barlow to 
fill the joint office of county clerk and recorder 
of deeds, which had become vacant by the death 
of the holder. Mr. Barlow filled out the unex- 
pired term, and in August, 1847, he was elected 
by the people for another six years. 

On retiring from this office, Mr. Barlow be- 
came connected with the Iron Mountain Rail- 
road, as already explained. In 1869, after the 
sale of that road to Messrs. Mackey, Read & 
Company, iNIr. Barlow was nominated for city 
comptroller, running on the ticket headed by 
the Hon. Nathan Cole. He was elected, and 
not only did he prove an excellent comptroller, 
but he also did service for the city in drafting 
the new charter. This was not what is known 
as the " Scheme and Charter," adopted in 1875 
and 187(i, but many clauses in Mr. Barlow's 
scheme were incorporated in the one which so 
materially changed the management of the af- 
fairs of this great city. 

After the expiration of his term as comptrol- 
ler, this hard worker took a necessary rest, but 
in 1876 his friends insisted on his running for 
the City Council. He was elected and was im- 
mediately appointed chairman of the committee 
on ways and means. The \ear 1S7() was one 



of the most eventful in the city's municiiJal his- 
tory, and Mr. Barlow's committee was called 
upon to transact business of the greatest possi- 
ble importance. It did its work well, and the 
plans it laid down have since been carried out to 
the city's immense advantage. Mr. Barlow has 
done other important work. His services on the 
School Board, both as director and president, have 
been invaluable, and in 1866, while serving in 
the State Legislature, he procured the granting of 
a charter to the Public School Library Associa- 
tion. He was the first president of this associa- 
tion and succeeded himself several times. He 
has lived to see the library established in ele- 
gant quarters and made absolutely free to cit- 
izens of St. Louis. Among other positions he 
has filled may l)e mentioned that of water com- 
missioner, in the old days, when the problem of 
supplying St. Louis with water first became an 
important and, indeed, a serious one. 

In 1839, just before starting west, Mr. Barlow 
married IMiss Lucy A. Dickson, of Perry, New 
York. His home life has been an exceptionally 
happy one. ^Ir. and Mrs. Barlow were regular 
attendants at St. John's Episcopal Church at its 
establishment in 1842. For several years he 
has been senior warden of this church, which 
he has assisted in every possible manner on 
every emergency as it has arisen. 

Noox.\N, Edward A., one of the most pop- 
ular attorneys in St. Louis, and perhaps the best 
exponent of the young Democracy idea in the 
West, will be best known to posterity on account 
of the brilliant record he made for himself dur- 
ing the four years he occupied the highest posi- 
tion at the gift of the tax-payers of St. Louis. 
In the historical section of this work some ref- 
erence is made to the achievements of iNIayoi 
Noonan and his administration, and hence it is 
unnecessary here to go at length into the polic\ 
adopted and its remarkable results. It may not 
be out of place, however, to remind our readers 
that the old Union Depot had been a reproach 
to St. Louis for twenty years, and that all effort? 
to pre\ail upon the railroad companies to buil(' 
a new one failed until Mavor Noonan took tlie 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPEN/UX. 



matter iiji, smoothed over every difficult}- as it 
arose, and finally liad the pleasure of signing 
an ordinance giving the necessary powers for 
the erection of the largest Union railroad sta- 
tion in the world. For years St. Louis had suf- 
fered from the want of a northern inlet for rail- 
roads. To Mayor Noonan the city is indebted 
for emancipation from bridge monopoly, for he 
did more than the average citizen can realize to 
induce and encourage the Burlington system to 
build its own tracks into St. Louis and to bridge 
the M i ssouri and 



Mississippi rivers. 
Space prevents a de- 
tail of the work done 
bv Mayor Noonan in 
the way of securing 
rapid transit for St. 
Louis, nor can we 
here go into the ef- 
forts he made to se- 
cure the building of 
a Cit\- Hall commen- 
surate to the wealth 
and importance of 
the great commercial 
and financial metrop- 
olisof the South west. 
" Ed" Noonan, as 
the e X - m a \- o r is 
called by thousands 
of his friends and 
acquaintances, is not 
yet forty-five \ears 
of age. He was born 

in Reading, Penn.sylvania, in December, 1.S4II. 
His father, Martin, and his mother, Johanna 
( Xagle) Noonan, were both natives of Ireland, 
who came to this country in their childhood and 
located in Pennsylvania. He was educated in 
the public schools of his native town, and de- 
termining to adopt the legal profession, read law 
at Reading, and then entered the Albany Law 
University, at Albany, New York, where he 
graduated with honors in INTO. He determined 
to commence practice at once, and hunting around 
for a location came to the conclusion that he 




HON. ED\\ ARD A, NOONAN. 



could not do better than come to St. Louis and 
grow up with the city, which was evidently des- 
tined to become immeasurably great. 

Accordingly, in the fall of 1870 he came to 
St. Louis, opened a law office and was not long 
waiting for clients. He proved himself to be a 
natural born lawyer, and so successful was he 
with his cases that he became in general demand 
and soon built up a connection of a very valu- 
able character. By instinct and inclination a 
Democrat, he entered heart and soul into the 
up-hill fight against 
the then dominant 
Republicanism, and 
in 1876 he accepted 
the nomination for 
the assi.stant district 
attorneyship, and, al- 
though the city was 
Republican, Mr. 
Noonan proved the 
redeeming feature of 
his ticket, and he was 
elected by a good 
majority. Four years 
later he was nomi- 
nated and once more 
elected, and when he 
ran for the judgeship 
of the Court of Crim- 
inal Correction he 
once more came out 
triumphant, and took 
his seat on thebench, 
a very young, but a 
very just and able judge. For six years he dis- 
pensed justice with mercy and then resigned in 
order to make the race for the mayoralty. This 
was in 1879, when the Republicans put up a 
very strong ticket, headed by a manufacturer of 
excellent standing. Judge Noonan's chances of 
election appeared remote in the extreme, but 
the young Democracy carried all before it, and 
although the Republicans carried most of the 
offices, the head of the Democratic ticket was 
elected and an era of young men in the admin- 
istration of municipal affairs set in. 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



At tlic end of liis tt-nn, in IS!);-!, Mr. Noonan 
afjjain opened a law office and very soon had 
all the bnsiness he conld attend to. He now 
professes to be "out of politics," but his party 
will not long allow him to remain out of the tur- 
moil and strife of political life. 

Mr. Noonan attributes much of his unique 
success in life to the assistance and counsel of 
his estimable wife, who was formerly Miss Mar- 
garet Brennan, of this city. Airs. Noonan is a 
lady of great literary attainments, and although 
her works have chiefly been limited to private 
circulation, she is an authoress of no mean abil- 
ity. Three children have been born to Mr. and 
Mrs. Noonan — Edward J., Mary Zoe and Flor- 
ence — whose great delight is to be almoners of 
charity to the deserving poor. Mr. Noonan is 
a member of the Mercantile Club, and resides 
with his family at 1^35 Madi.son street. 

Poi.i.AR]), Hknrv M., son of Moses and Abby 
(Brown) Pollard, was born in Plymouth, \'er- 
niont, on June 14, 183(5. He was educated at 
Dartmouth College, whence he graduated in 
1S.")7, after which he taught school in Ken- 
tucky, Iowa and Wisconsin for three years, 
having also taught school in Vermont and Mas- 
sachusetts while at college. 

Preferring law as a profession, Mr. Pollard 
entered the office of Carter & Whiisple, of Mil- 
waukee. He was fortunate in his selection of 
an office, for both the principals of this firm 
have since acquired an almost national fame. 
Mr. Walter S. Carter is now one of the leading 
lawyers of New York City, while Mr. William 
G. Whipple, having served as United States 
district attorney for Arkansas during the war, 
is now a prominent attorney of Little Rock in 
that State. 

Young Mr. Pollard remained with this firm 
until 1H<U, when he was admitted to the bar. 
Had he followed his own inclination, he would 
at once have commenced to practice; but the 
war having broken out, he felt it his duty to re- 
turn to Vermont and enlist. He served in the 
Eighth \'ermont Infantry Volunteers, which 
saw active service in the Department of the 



(tuH under Generals Banks and Butler, and 
subsequently in the defense of Washington 
against Early. After this the regiment was 
under fire in the Shenandoah \'alley under 
Phil. Sheridan. 

In Jul}-, 1S(>5, after four years of arduous 
ser\ice and great hardship, the young attorney 
was mustered out, and he at once proceeded to 
the Albau)- Law School, where he remained for 
six months. In December, 18().'), he moved to 
Chillicothe, Missouri, where he established a 
law office and practiced law. He subsequently 
associated himself with Mr. Joel F. Asper, and 
the firm had existed for one year when Mr. As- 
per was elected to Congress. Mr. Pollard then 
associated himself with Air. P]. J. Braddus, with 
whom he remained for three years. 

In 1S7() Mr. Pollard was sent to Congress 
from what was then the Tenth District, and in 
March, 1877, was again a candidate. His con- 
gressional record was a good one, and he took 
with him to Washington the sound legal knowl- 
edge, as well as the keen apjDreciation of the 
needs of the West, which had been displaced 
during his sojourn in this cit\-. In March, 
l'S7!i, Mr. Pollard moved to St. Louis, in which 
city he has practiced law ever since. He was 
in partnership, until December, 18i)(), with Mr. 
Seneca N. Taylor, since which time he has 
been practicing alone. 

Mr. Pollard is a lawyer of vast experience 
and great ability. He has had several cases 
invoKing hundreds of thousands of dollars, and 
his 02:)inions have been found exceptionally ac- 
curate. He has a habit of going fully into the 
merits of the case which is laid before him, and 
when he thinks a client has little chance of 
success he is not afraid to tell him so distinctly, 
and seek authority to arrange a compromise. 
He has avoided the waste of a vast sum of 
money by exerting this discretion, and he has 
earned the reputation of being not only a brill- 
iant, but also an honest and faithful lawyer. 

Shortly after his locating in this city, Air. 
Pollard, noticing a large number of New En- 
glanders doing business in this city, decided to 
start the New England Society. Calling to- 



Bh ^iRA rniCAL A r PEN nix. 



(^etlier several of ihe desceiidants of tlie I'il.i;rini 
Fathers, he established the society that is still 
in jirosperous existence. He was its first pres- 
ident, and is still one of the most enthusiastic 
members of the society in whose ranks can 
be found nian\- of the \-cry best citizens of 
vSt. Louis, all of them his personal friends and 
acquaintances. 

vSiiKRWoon, .\i)iici., sou of Thomas .Vdiel and 
j\Iarv E. (Youn<;) Sherwood, was born at Mt. 
Vernon, Lawrence 
county, ^Missouri, in 
lNii;>. He was edu- 
cated in the public 
schools of St. Louis, 
and subsequently at 
the St. Louis Uni- 
versity, and after 
graduatinor from the 
Law vSchooI of Cin- 
cinnati Collej^e in 
the class of 1«S4-, at 
once accepted an ap- 
pointment tendered 
him by the St. Louis 
(S: San Francisco 
Railroad as assistant 
counsel, with head- 
quarters in St. Louis, 
a connection he con- 
tinued for nearly 
nine years, witli the 
result of an excep- 
tionally thorough 

knowledge of the intricacies of corporation law. 
In is;i?i he severed his connection with the rail- 
road company to engage in the general practice 
in St. Louis, and has been nnusnalh- successful 
in his new field of labor, where he is an indefat- 
igable worker. 

Sprung from a race of lawyers, his father hav- 
ing for twenty \-eirs adorned and strengthened 
the supreme bench of Missouri, Mr. .Sherwood 
has inherited in a great part the legal capacity 
that marks him as one of the most capable men 
of his vears at the .Missouri bar. 




ADIEI. SHERWOOD 



His success on se\'eral noted public occasions 
demonstrated his power as a speaker and aptitude 
for advocacy, but it has been in the appellate 
courts that he has won his most signal legal 
triunrphs, where his close analytical reasoning, 
forceful logic and concise yet felicitous .state- 
ment of legal propositions involved in questions 
of constitutional and corporation law have won 
for him, in a marked degree, the confidence and 
respect of both bench and bar. 

Mr. Sherwood has a cultured mind and a 
distincti\-c jiersou- 
ality, marked b\" an 
inflexible adherence 
to principle and un- 
swerving loyalty to 
friends. He is a 
bachelor for whom 
s o c i e t >• has no 
charms comparable 
to law and literature. 
In politics a Dem- 
ocrat, his influence 
in State counsels 
and conventions is 
potent, but only e.x- 
ercised to advance 
the interests of his 
part)' or the honor- 
able ambition of his 
a.s.sociates. 

A member of the 
St. Louis bar who 
knows Mr. .Sher- 
wood well, said of 
him: "He is a man whose integrity, talents 
and industry assure him an honorable and jiromi- 
neiit position at the western bar. To an accom- 
plished mind and unblemished character he 
unites marked ability and untiring energy, 
that must inevitably lead to success." 

Fro.st, Gkxkral n. M. — .\ name insepa- 
rably connected with the earlier war histiny of 
St. Louis, is that of (General I). M. Frost, the 



commander of Camp Jacks 
captured by the Federal tro 



It w; 



der (; 



;ral 



278 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



lyvon, in May, IXOl. The State militia had been 
called together for their annual drill, and the 
militia of the First Missouri Military District 
encamped under General Frost at the southeast 
corner of Olive street and Grand avenue, this 
constituting Camp Jackson. There are two 
sides to this great historic incident, as there are 
to every question, but Captain N. Lyon, com- 
manding the United State troops at the arsenal, 
with four regiments of Missouri Volunteers and 
two of Home Guards, in all about 8,000 men, 
marched against and surrounded Camp Jackson, 
May 10, 18B1. A demand was made for the 
surrender of the State troops, which, considering 
their defenseless condition, General Frost at 
once acceded to. The prisoners, 635 in number, 
were drawn up along Olive street, with the 
Federal troops facing them. 

In the latter part of 1<S(>1, General Frost joined 
the Confederate ami}- and served two years, or 
until by an act of unprecedented inhumanity, 
his own alleged sins were visited on the head of 
his wife, who was separated from her five children 
and banished South. She soon began to sink 
under the privations she was compelled to 
endure, and to save her life General Frost 
tendered his resignation to General E. Kirby 
Smith. He went to his wife, and together in a 
buggy they made the journey, interrupted by 
many delays, owing to her illness, to the mouth 
of the Rio Grande. There a vessel was taken, 
and in due time they reached Montreal, Canada, 
where the members of the family were reunited 
and remained until the close of the war. 

General Frost is a descendant in the sixth 
generation of William Frost, who settled on 
Jamaica Plains, Long Island, in 1662. The 
family through many generations was the most 
influential in that part of the State. One of 
General Frost's grandfathers was a soldier in 
the Revolutionary war, and his father was a 
man of varied gifts and high attainments. He 
was a civil engineer by profession, and as such 
was employed by the State to survey the upper 
portion of the Hudson river, and also located 
the railroad from Albany to Schuectady. He 
was a mem ber of the New York Legislature, 



and on the breaking out of the war of 1S12, 
he raised a company which did patriotic service 
in behalf of the Government. 

His son, Daniel M., was born August 9, 1823, 
in Schnectady county, New York, and after 
attending the common schools until sixteen 
years old, was recommended by one of his 
teachers as a candidate for admission to West 
Point. In 1840 he entered that college and in 
regular course graduated with honors, standing 
fourth in his class. As a cadet he went in for 
physical culture and became an expert in all 
kinds of athletic exercises; and he believes this 
culture developed strength and a constitution to 
which is due his present vigor. 

Graduating in 1844, General Frost's first as- 
signment was as brevet second lieutenant, as 
which he saw two years of uneventful service 
in the Eastern States. Ambitious for a more 
active career, he, on his own request, was trans- 
ferred to a regiment of mounted riflemen, which 
he joined at Jefferson Barracks in 1846, and was 
soon en route to ^Mexico. There he was as- 
signed to duty under General Scott, who consti- 
tuted himself the }-oung officer's friend aiul 
patron. He was by the side of Creneral vScott 
at the bloody battle of Churubusco, and partici- 
pated in all the engagements from Vera Cruz to 
Mexico, and for gallant conduct was, on Gen- 
eral Harney's recommendation, brevetted first 
lieutenant. 

After the declaration of peace he returned to 
St. Louis, and in the spring of 1849 was ordered 
with his regiment across the plains to Oregon, 
being charged, as regimental quartermaster, with 
the responsible duty of conducting an immense 
train overland. This duty satisfactorily dis- 
charged, he returned to St. Louis, where, on 
the recommendation of General Scott, he was 
dispatched to Europe, to gather information rel- 
ative to European cavalry drill and discipline. 
In 1852 he returned and joined his regiment in 
Texas, where, in an Indian outbreak, he was 
severely wounded. In 1853 he returned to St. 
Louis, and, through domestic considerations, 
resigned his commission; but his military expe- 
rience was taken advantage of, antl he was 




a^-J. 




BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



279 



elected coiumauder of the Wasliiiij^toii Cinards, 
an organization that l)ecaine locally famous. 

After leaving the army General Frost engaged 
in business, first in the lumber trade, and then, 
as a meiuber of the firm of I). M. Frost & Coui- 
pany, in the fur trade. 

In l.s;)4 he was elected to the State Senate as 
a Benton Democrat. As senator he fought the 
sumptuary act — its object being to close the 
saloons ou Sunday — and also advocated the bill 
which orgauized the uiilitia of the State, and 
under which Camp 
Jacksou was formed. 
( )n the passage of 
the law (icneral 
Frost was made brig- 
adier-general, coui- 
nianding the First 
Military District of 
Missouri. As such 
he, in ISCO, couduc- 
ted the vSouthwest 
expedition, march- 
ing to Fort vScott, 
Kansas, with 7 01) 
men. 

In I.SC.."), after the 
cud of the ci\il war, 
he returned to St. 
Louis aud settled on 
his farui near the 
cit\ , where, between 
his farm and his city 
resideuce, lie has 
since jiassed hisliuie, 
surrounded b\- his children, 
compauionship of old friends. 

. Ceueral Frost has been uiarried three times. 
His first wife, to whom he was uiarried in IS.Jl, 
was Mi.ss Graham, granddaughter of Joliu 
Mullanphy, and daughter of Major Graham, one 
of General Harrison's aids-de-camp in the war 
of l'S12. His second wife was a granddaugh- 
ter of .Vutoine Chenier, and the niece of Henry 
Gustave Sonlard. His third wife, like the first. 




JOHN O. PRATHER 



id enjoying the M 



fatlK 



.Ml 



niphv. 
ildrcn. 



all of whom are living. One sou, Hon. R. (ira- 
hain Frost, has represented a St. Louis district 
in Congress. 

Pr.vThkk, Johx (t., son of Weslev F. and 
Margaret (Taylor) Prather, was born in Cler- 
mont couiit\', ()hio, June 1(>, XW.W. While 
he was quite young, his parents moved to Mays- 
ville, Kentucky, in which town he attended 
the common schools until twelve years of age, 
his education being occasionally interrupted by 
steamboat work, for 
which he had a keen 
infatuation. 

Ill l.s.'iO he came 
to vSt. Louis and be- 
came a director and 
stockholder in the 
Anchor Line Coiii- 
]Kuiy. He estab- 
lislied himself in the 
wliloesale liquor Ijus- 
iness, at 51(i North 
Levee, succeeding 
his uncle, the late 
Daniel G. Taylor, 
and continuing in 
business in the same 
house for thirty-four 
years, where he is 
still located. Colonel 
Prather is a well- 
kniiwn public man 
and ])oliticiau. He 
was appointed by 
ISrowii on the Water Board, and served 
as chairman of the executive committee of the 
Democratic vState Committee for four A'ears, and 
in ISSO, in Chicago, he was named on the Dem- 
ocratic National Committee for the State. At 
Chicago in 1SS4 he was again honored in this 
manner, and was uaiued the third time for the 
position in St. Louis in l.SS.S. 

In IS.Sil (iovernor Francis apjioiuted Colonel 
Prather inspector of oils for the cit\' of St. Louis 
aud reapjiointed him in ISDl. In addition to 
his acli\e \aliiable political and commercial 



280 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



work, .Mr. Pratlier has taken great interest in 
the Union Stock Yards, in which he is a stock- 
holder and director. He is a recognized author- 
ity on all river and steamboat questions. 

Colonel Prather married in July, IHoil, Miss 
Clementine Carrier, of St. Louis, daughter of 
Madame Clementine Carrier, and niece of Dr. 
T. L. Paj^in. He has two daughters, one of 
whom is now Mrs. Thomas W. Knapp. 

Clover, A.shlky C. — There is no young 
attorney in St. Louis better known, more popu- 
lar, or who has filled high offices with more 
credit and ability, than he whose biography in 
brief outline is here given. His father, Henry 
A. Clover, is remembered by old residents as of 
the older generation of St. Louisans and as a 
lawyer of great eloquence and legal learning. 
His mother was before her marriage Miss Eliz- 
abeth O'Hannon. A.shley C. was born in St. 
Louis, December !•, l!S58. 

After the usual preparatory educational 
studies, he entered St. Louis University and 
there took the finishing courses of his education. 
He found that his natural bent was toward the 
law, and accordingly after leaving the uni- 
versity, from which he graduated in 1877, heat 
once took up the .study of Black.stone as a pupil 
of the St. Louis Law School. 

He received his degree in 1879, and supple- 
mented this instruction of the law school by a 
special course at the celebrated University of 
\'irginia. Following his admission to the bar 
on his return to St. Louis, he spent two years 
in regular practice as a partner of his father. 
He was the recipient of official honors early in 
his professional life, Mayor Ewing having 
appointed him city attorney in the fall of 1881. 
He made the most active and irreproachable 
attorney the city had had for a long time, and 
such popularity did he win by the faithful 
administration of the affairs of the office, that 
his friends urged him to become a candidate for 
circuit attorney. He made the race in the fall 
of 1884 and was elected. 

In LSSS he was re-elected for another term of 
four years, making a most earnest, able and 



honest official, conducting such cases as that of 
Maxwell, Fotheringham and the Chinese high- 
binders, with skill and credit to himself. The 
record he made entitles him to almost any 
other official honors he may aspire to. 

Reynolds, Matthew Gu'exs, was born No- 
vember 19, 185-1:, at Bowling Green, Pike county, 
Missouri. He is the son of Dr. Stephen J. and 
Sophronia (Givens) Reynolds. His father is a 
native of Kentucky, and his mother is a native 
of Missouri. His grandfather on his father's side 
was Dr. Michael Reynolds of the British Navy, 
who came to this country with the British troops 
and marines during the war of 1812, and decided 
to remain, settling in Kentucky. 

The subject of this sketch attended the public 
schools in his native town until he was fifteen 
years old, when he was a cadet in the United 
States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, 
where he graduated in 1874, taking the prize as 
the best executive officer in his class. He then 
served on the United States frigate Plymoulli; 
was detached in 1875, and joined the flagship 
Tennessee, making a voyage to China, returning 
home in 1876. He was then promoted to en- 
sign, his commission dating from July, 1875. 
He then served on the United States frigate 
/^')'('w/«<,'- until l'S77, when he resigned and be- 
came a law student in the office of Robinson & 
Smith, at BowlingGreen. He attended one course 
of law lectures at the St. Louis Law School, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1878 by Judge 
Gilchrist Porter, and practiced law at Bowling 
Green for one year, when he removed to Louisi- 
ana and was a member of the law firm of P'agg, 
Reynolds & Fagg until 1882, when Judge Fagg 
removed to St. Louis, and the firm became Rey- 
nolds & Fagg. This partnership ended in April, 
18.s;^, when he formed a partnership with \\"\\\- 
iam H. Biggs, which continued until IX.SS. 

In 1878, Mr. Reynolds was nominated for 
prosecuting attorney of Pike count)- by the Re- 
publicans, and was defeated by Hon. David A. 
Ball. In 1880 he received the Republican 
nomination for the Legislature in the eastern 
district of Pike count}-, and was elected to the 



ni( x;ra phica l appendix. 



281 



Tliirty-first Oeiicral Assembly l)y ei<:^lit>' \-otes, 
l)eiiig the first Republican who had been elected 
in that county since 18(j(). He served on the 
judiciary committee and took a prominent part 
in the legislation of the session, being recog- 
nized as one of the readiest and most forcil)le 
debaters in the House. He was a delegate to 
the National Republican Convention at Chicago 
that nominated Hon. James G. Blaine in 1884, 
and was nominated for Congress in the Seventh 
Congressional District the same year, and uiade 
the cau\-ass against 
Hon. John E. Hut- 
tou, reducing the 
Democratic majorit\- 
in the district from 
i',7i>7iulSS2tol,i>(;(; 
in l.s,S4. 

In ISSi; Mr. Rey- 
nolds removed to vSt. 
Louis, and has since 
practiced law in this 
city. In June, IStd, 
he was appointed 
United States attor- 
ney for the Court of 
Private LandClaims, 
which position he 
now holds. At the 
organization of the 
Missouri League of 
Republican Clubs in 
I'SSS, he was elected 
its first president, 
which position he 

held for two terms. .Mr. Reynolds occupies a 
high rank, among the lawyers of Missouri. He 
is careful, painstaking and studious in the prep- 
aration of his cases, and is regarded as an 
excellent trial lawyer. 

On the 11th day of Novem])er, LSSO, :\Iv. Rey- 
noKls was married to Mamie K. Fagg, daughter 
of his old law partner, Judge Thos. J.C. Kagg, 
formerly a judge of the Supreme Court of Mis- 
souri. They have seven children — Stephen 
Clark, Florence, Alice. Mary, Matthew G. Jr., 
Xellie Lee, and Robert Parker. 




MATTHEW a. KEVAOLDS. 



T.w.SHV, CiKORCK JuDi). — A young gentleman 
who, in his professional career, short as it has 
been, gives promise of attaining a more than 
ordinary degree of success, is George Judd 
Tansey, an active and brilliant young lawyer, 
who is a member of the well-known legal firm of 
Laughliu, Wood & Tansey. He was born at 
Alton, Illinois, March 25, 181)5. His father, 
Robert P., is a well-known citizen of St. Louis, 
and is at the present time, and has been for 
many years, the president of the St. Louis 
Transfer Company. 
In 18(59 the family 
moved from Alton to 
St. Louis. In 1884 
George graduated 
from the High 
School in this city, 
having begun his 
education in the 
vStoddard School, 
one of the best of 
the graded grammar 
scliools in St. Louis. 
In the fall of that 
year he entered Cor- 
nell University, at 
Ithaca, New York, 
from which institu- 
tion he graduated in 
isss, with the degree 
of B.L., and return- 
ing to his home he 
became a student at 
the St. Louis Law 
ar, and was admitted 



School in the fall of that } 
to the bar in June, 188!). 

In the same year he connected himself with 
the St. Louis Transfer Company, and his duties 
as secretary occupied his attention until Febru- 
ary, 1890, when he took tip the active practice 
of the law, becoming a partner of Judge Laugh- 
liu, constituting the firm which was later changed 
to its present style. Although young, Mr. Tan- 
sey is making rapid strides in his profession, 
and has already made a marked reputation as 
an after-dinner speaker aiul campaign orator. 



282 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



SnELTON, Theodore, son of V. B. and Emily 
(Connelly) Shelton,was born in Central Georgia, 
June 18, 1844. He attended the public schools 
near his home until ten years of age, when his 
parents moved to Boonville, Missouri, in which 
town he continued his education. Seven years 
later the family located in Sedalia, and after at- 
tending school for a short time in the metropolis 
of Pettis county, Theodore came to St. Louis, 
where he secured a position as a clerk with the 
old firm of Henderson, Ridgely & Company on 
Main street. For about two years he filled tlie 
position with credit to himself and to the satis- 
faction of his employers, and in March, 18tj7, 
he entered the employment of Gauss, Hunicke 
& Company as salesman. Steadily and patiently 
he worked his way up, and after thirteen years of 
faithful service, in the course of which he dis- 
played marked ability, Mr. Shelton was admitted 
into the firm. 

Six years later, in LS.Sd, Mr. Hunicke's inter- 
est was purchased, and the firm name was 
changed to the Gauss-Shelton Hat Company, 
Mr. Shelton being elected vice-president. His 
career is one of which any man might well be 
proud. It is said that a country without a 
history is to be envied; and while .some men in 
their hurry to secure wealth make many \ent- 
ures and changes, the man who starts out with 
nothing Ijut his own energy and honesty for 
capital, and who by hard work and careful study 
forces himself to the front is assuredly an honor 
to his race. Such a man is Mr. Shelton, who 
has been connected with the firm which now 
bears his name for twenty-five years, and whose 
record is as honorable as it is eventless. The 
Gauss-Shelton house is highly respected through- 
out the entire West and South, and the self- 
made, self-educated man who is its vice-president, 
has had much to do with establishing its unique 
and unrivaled reputation. 

Mr. Shelton is the owner of some valuable 
real estate in St. Louis, and also of a well- 
cared-for farm at Sedalia, on which are raised 
some of the best horses and cattle in the State. 

He married in 181)8 Miss Jane R. Gentry, 
daughter of ^[ajor Gentry, of Pettis county. 



The Major was a model farmer for fift\- years, 
and his name has been prominent in the .State 
for the past half century. 

Mr. Shelton has two sons, aged, respectively, 
twenty and seventeen. They are attending col- 
lege at Princeton, New Jersey, and both give 
evidence of great ability. They start in life 
under much more favorable conditions than did 
their father, and they have also the advantage 
of his magnificent record as an example. It is 
safe to assert that one of the first lessons they 
were taught was that ' ' a rolling stone gathers no 
moss;" and it is equally safe to predict that they 
will profit by both the precept and practice of 
their honored father. 

ROBIN.SON, AN.SEI..M Cl.\RK, :\I.D. — Probably 
no medical practitioner in St. Louis is more 
widely and favorably known, or enjoys a wider 
circle of friends than the physician whose name 
appears above. His patients, whose number is 
legion, are to be found in every section and 
quarter of the city, from the palatial mansion 
of the millionaire to the more humble and less 
pretentious cottage of the artisan and clerk, 
with all of whom his reputation as a practical 
and skillful physician is freely acknowledged. 

The subject of this sketch was born in St. 
Charles, Missouri, November i;>, 1851, coming 
to St. Louis when he was but fourteen years 
of age. His father, the Rev. John W. Rol:)iu- 
son, was one of the most noted ministers of the 
Missouri Conference of the Methodist-Episcopal 
Church, South, and was po.s.se.s.sed of many of 
the ennobling traits of character with which his 
son ( who is familiarly called Tom by those who 
knew him in boyhood) is so richly endowed. 
His mother, Mrs. Dorcas (Grif^th) Robinson, 
was also noted as one of the noblest of women 
by all who knew her, and one that possessed 
many grand qualities of both head and heart. 
It was under the tuition of such parents that 
Dr. Robinson laid the foundation for the straight 
and persistent course in life that has surmounted 
every barrier and borne him on the top wave to 
the haven of prosperity and ]nil)lic confidence 
from which he can now look back with com- 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



283 



plaisaiice upon tlie slrujijo-les incidental to the 
early life of a physician. 

After coming to St. Lonis, Dr. Robinson 
attended the St. Louis German Institute for 
four years, acquiring a thorough knowledge and 
mastery of the German language, after which he 
entered the collegiate department of the Wash- 
ington University, taking a six years' course, 
and leaving shortly after having reached the 
Sophomore class. Wliile still at the Washing- 
ton University he took up the study of medicine 
under Dr. Tuholske, 
bringing the same 
persistent diligence 
into effect as at 
school — a persist- 
ence that has marked 
his entire career. 

After reading med- 
icine for some time 
under the precept- 
orship of Dr. Tu- 
holske, he entered 
the IMissouri ]\red- 
ical College, taking 
a three years' course 
and graduating in 
l-ST-i, and through 
the efforts of his kind 
and thoughtful pre- 
ceptor was inune- 
diateh- given a po- 
sition in the City 
Dispensary, doing dr. a. c. 

anything that was 

required of him, rising in a short time to the 
position of assistant druggist, in turn to that of 
assistant physician, and finally physician in 
charge, having been connected with the in.stitu- 
tion, in various capacities, for eight years, dur- 
ing which time he acquired an experience and 
insight into human nature that has proven in- 
\'aluable to him ever since. 

Immediately after leaving the Dispensary, he 
engaged in general practice, and almost at one 
bound (as it were ) leaped into a paying and 
lucrative ])ractice which constantly increa.sed 



until it has assumed such proportions as to ta.x 
to the uttermost the Doctor's extraordinary phys- 
ical power of endurance. During his career as 
a medical practitioner he has temporarily filled 
every position in the City Board of Health, and 
became a member of the same in the spring of 
1891, under the Noonan administration. 

He is a member of the St. Louis Medical So- 
ciety, also of the Medical Chirurgical Society. 
He is also prominent in the Masonic circles, 
being a member of the St. Aldemar Command- 
ery. No. 18, Knights 
Templars, besides 
numerous other or- 
ders. He has made 
the diseases of 
women and children 
a specialty, and is 
considered by the 
entire medical fra- 
ternit>- of the coun- 
try authorit)- on 
same. 

In social life Dr. 
Robinson is one of 
the most genial of 
men. His domestic 
relations, of which 
he has ample cause 
to feel protul, are of 
the most pleasant 
nature, and in his 
beautiful home, o\\ 
West Pine street, 
surrounded by his 
children, his hap- 
■elaxatiou from his 




chani 
pi est 



iiing wife and U 
hours are spent 
arduous duties. 

In December, 1.S7."), he was married to Miss 
May Duffer, a member of one of the oldest fam- 
ilies of this city, who was noted for her rare 
beauty and loveliness of character. Two chil- 
dren have brightened their home and fireside, 
Hattic and h'lla, now young ladies at school, 
both of whom ha\e, to a large degree, inherited 
their mother's l)eaut\- and their father's strength 
of character. 



284 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



KiNGSLAND, Lawrknce D., president of the 
Citizens' Smoke Abatement Association and of 
the St. Louis Spanisli Chib, has done an im- 
mense amount of good work for the city, not 
only in connection with these two important 
bodies, but also in connection with almost every 
important movement of the last quarter of a cent- 
ury. The Spanish Club, designed to strengthen 
the relations between St. Louis manufacturers 
and exporters, and the business world in the 
Spanish-American republics, has introduced 
St. Louis-made goods into hundreds of cities, 
and has increased the shipping returns from 
this city many points per cent. Until the club 
agitated the question, the importance of the 
Mexican and South American trade was entirely 
lost sight of. Since then the matter has been 
regarded from a more common-sense stand, 
and president Kingsland, who has made several 
tours through Mexico himself, is largely respon- 
sible for the improvement. 

When the Smoke Abatement Association was 
formed, the leaders in the movement recognized 
in Mr. Kingsland the very man for the presi- 
dency, and he was elected to the office unani- 
mously. No city has done so much in so short 
a time to rid itself of the smoke nuisance, and 
the excellent management of the president of 
the association is mainly responsible for the 
good results. Mr. Kingsland was also an active 
member of the executive committee of the Au- 
tumnal Festivities Association during its busi- 
est days, is a director and an enthusiastic sup- 
porter of the Exposition, and also does good work 
in connection with the Tariff Commission. 

The Kingsland family is an old one, and is 
spoken of with respect in Pittsburgh, as well as 
in St. Louis. Mr. George King.sland, the father 
of the subject of this sketch, was born in Penn- 
sylvania, and was the son of the man whose 
name is so prominent in the annals of the iron 
industry of Pittsburgh, his work in establish- 
ing that industry, when it was not believed to 
be practicable to compete with the iron houses of 
Europe, having been crowned with unique and 
lasting success. Mr. George Kingsland saw in 
the early thirties that as in empires — so in man- 



ufactures — the course was distinctly and un- 
changeably westward. Others disputed this 
statement, but Mr. Kingsland read the signs of 
the times correctly, and in 1834 he came to St. 
Louis, in which city he proceeded to organize 
the firm of Kingsland & Lightner and to estab- 
lish the second iron foundry in St. Louis. 

In 1844 the firm of Kingsland & Lightner was 
succeeded by that of Kingsland S: Ferguson, 
and the manufacturing of agricultural imple- 
ments was made a specialty. Half a century 
has elapsed since this polic}- was determined 
upon, but the establishment has never been 
tempted to deviate from it, nor have the demands 
of its customers rendered it possible to do so. 

Mr. George Kingsland married IMiss Eliza 
Ferguson, daughter of ]\Ir. Ferguson, a promi- 
nent manufacturer of Pittsburgh, and a member 
of one of the oldest, and best respected Pennsyl- 
vania families. On September 1."), 1841, a son 
was born to Mr. and Mrs. Kingsland, and that 
son to-day is one of the most prosperous and 
loyal citizens of St. Louis. He was christened 
Lawrence D., and when old enough to go to 
school was placed under the care of Mr. Edward 
W>inan, a St. Louis teacher who has left behind 
him the reputation of having trained an excep- 
tionally large number of boys who ha\e grown 
into leaders of men and interests in St. Louis 
and the West. When sixteen years of age, 
young Kingsland entered the Military Institute 
at Nashville, Tennessee, which was then in 
charge of General Bushrad Johnson. 

On the outbreak of the war Mr. Kingsland's 
sympathies were naturally with the South. 
While at Nashville he had studied the question 
conscientiously, and had come to the conclusion 
that the South had justice on its side. Hence, 
although he recognized that by so doing he in- 
terfered very much with his prospects for a suc- 
cessful commercial career, he placed his services 
at the disposal of the Southern Confederacy. 
In December, 1<SI)(), he enlisted and served on 
the staff of General Harris. He took part in 
the scouting party organized by that general, 
and was captain in command of a section of it, 
with the rank of lieutenant. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



He was next sent to Corinth, and his com- 
pany was attached to General Forrest's com- 
mand. After doing dut)- for some time in the 
vicinity of Corinth, Lieutenant Kingsland was 
sent on a recruiting exjDedition to St. Louis. 
Tlie difSculties to be surmounted during the 
journey were numerous, but he succeeded in 
getting within a hundred miles of the city. 
There he met a detachment of Home Guards in 
such overwhelming force that he was compelled 
to fall back into Arkansas. Vicksburg hav- 
ing fallen, it was impossible for the subject 
of this sketch to rejoin the Army of the East. 
He was hence attached to the trans-Mississippi 
Department and appointed adjutant to the 
Kighth Missouri Regiment. His services were 
so valuable and his gallantry so conspicuous 
that he soon rose to the position and rank of 
luigade adjutant. After the battle of Lexing- 
ton, and while the army was stationed at Neo- 
sho, he was placed in command of an escort to 
exchange General Mulligan for General Frost. 
This assignment, like all others undertaken b\- 
Mr. Kingsland, was carried out successfully. 

Peace came at last, and i\Ir. Kingsland was 
al)le to direct his attention once more to com- 
merce. Entering the house of which his father 
was senior partner, he kept the books for four 
years, and then was made a member of the firm. 
For the next four years he was on the road as 
traveling salesman, a position for which his 
handsome presence and manly bearing made him 
conspicuously competent. His success on the 
ruad was phenomenal, and led to the foundation 
of the magnificent connection his firm now has. 

On the death of Mr. George Kingsland, it be- 
came necessary for his son to give his attention 
to the business at home, and he became manager 
of the selling and agency department. The va- 
rious changes which have since taken place in 
the firm, liave already been recorded in this 
work, and it is sufficient to say, that in 1887 
Mr. Kingsland became president of the Kings- 
land & Douglas Manufacturing Company. His 
able management has resulted in this company 
securing an international reputation. He has 
made it a .settled policy to watch out for im- 



provements in machinery, and to adopt all wliicli 
appear to be of a practicable character. It has 
also been his personal care never to allow an in- 
ferior article or section of a machine to leave the 
factory; and so conscientiously has this rule been 
carried out, that no guarantee is ever asked for 
when a machine bears the stamp of this com- 
pany. Not only are these agricultural imple- 
ments sold in every State in the Union, but 
they are also in general request in Old Mexico, 
in which republic, as already stated, Mr. Kings- 
land has traveled extensively. He has studied 
the manners and customs of the Mexicans, as 
well as the special requirements of their trade, 
and hence his machines have a practical mo- 
nopoly in that country. 

It was while introducing his specialties into 
Mexico that he was impressed with the impor- 
tance of fostering trade with the republic, and 
this led to his energy in connection with the 
Spanish Club. In addition to the other good 
work accomplished by this organization, it has 
succeeded in increasing railroad facilities to a 
vast extent, and has also caused rates to be ad- 
justed equably so that the handicap under which 
St. Louis hitherto laljored has been in great 
measure removed. 

Mr. Kingsland married on November .")th, 
18(>7, Miss Lizzie Tenant of this city. He has 
two children, Douglas C, who assists in the 
business of the firm, and Miss Bessie T. Mr. 
Kingsland is a member of the Merchants' Ex- 
change, the Mercantile Club, the Fair Grounds 
Jockey Club, the Legion of Honor, and the 
Royal Arcanum. He is noted for his generosity 
and kindly disposition, and few men enjoy such 
a large circle of warm personal friends. 

Kix-SELL-^, W. J., son of Patrick and Ellen 
( Keating) Kinsella, was born in County Carlow, 
Ireland, in 184(>. His father was an architect 
of considerable reputation in Ireland, he having 
constructed some of the largest public buildings 
in that country. After receiving an education in 
the schools of his native town, \-oung Kinsella 
was sent to vSt. Patrick's College, where he re- 
mained until his father's death, which occurred 



28fi 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



when he was about fourteen years old. With a 
brother not much older than himself he pro- 
cured a position with the jobbing house of A. F. 
McDonald & Company, of Dublin, one of the 
largest houses in Ireland. 

He made considerable progress, but when he 
was nineteen years of age he became convinced 
that the United States offered a much larger 
field for an energetic lad with little or no cajDital, 
and he accordingly crossed the Atlantic, landing 
in New York just at the close of the war, and 
applied for a position in the house of A. T. 
Stewart & Company. He was told that there 
was no vacancy, but that a job could be found 
him as a wrapper of bundles; and it is character- 
istic of the man that he should accept this tri- 
fling opening without hesitation. He was almost 
at the foot of the ladder, but he could see the 
rounds above him. Very soon his industry 
singled him out for promotion, and abetter posi- 
tion was offered to him. He took it, feeling 
that he had grasped the second round of the 
ladder. This new position was with Hamihon, 
Easter & Sons, of Baltimore. Here he stayed 
until 1870, when he tried a retail grocery vent- 
ure in Cleveland, Ohio, in connection with his 
brother, who had followed him to this country. 

The enterprise did not prove a profitable one, 
and the young men lost all the capital invested. 
Mr. W. J. Kinsella then went to New York and 
subsequently looked o\er the western ground, 
finally selecting St. Louis as the best place for 
him. He accordingly located in this city and 
secured employment in the house of Porter, 
Worthington & Company, for whom he worked 
for some time, the connection being mutually 
agreeable. The Kingsford Oswego Starch Com- 
pany finally secured his services for their nu\na- 
ger, and he largely increased their business by 
his able management. In 1879 the Thomson- 
Taylor Spice Company, of Chicago, recognizing 
his push and energy, placed him in charge of 
their St. L,ouis branch, and after two years the 
Thomson-Taylor Company accepted an offer 
from him to purchase the St. Louis connection. 

Fortunately for St. Louis the offer was ac- 
cepted, and a Chicago liranch house became con- 



verted into a very live home concern under the 
firm name of W. J. Kinsella & Company. Busi- 
ness increased very rapidly, and in ISljIi it was 
found advisable to incorporate the concern under 
the name of the Hanley & Kinsella Coffee and 
Spice Company. When Mr. Kinsella bought 
out the business St. Louis was not recognized as 
a sjjecial market for spices, but at the present 
time it is one of the foremost in the United States ; 
also being one of the largest inland coffee 
markets in the world. Very much of the growth 
of the business is the result of the activity of the 
subject of this sketch, who has from time to 
time introduced every mechanical device cal- 
culated to expedite work, and whose new mill is 
a model one. 

At the present time the business of the com- 
pany has grown to immense proportions, and is 
considered one of the largest in the countr\'. 
The relations between the president of the com- 
pany and the large staff employed are of the 
most friendly character, and every member of 
the house regards its jDrogress a personal pride. 
The same courteous and just demeanor marks 
Mr. Kinsella's every-day-life, and there are few 
men in the city more popular than he. His 
services have been frequenth- requested in vari- 
ous public undertakings, and his services on 
the board of the Mercantile Club, the Missouri 
Mutual Building and Loan Association, and 
Merchants' Life Association of St. Louis, have 
been invaluable. As vice-president of the West- 
ern Commercial Travelers' Association, he did 
some valuable work, and he is also a prominent 
member of the Associated Wholesale Grocers, 
Royal Arcanum and the Knights of St. Patrick. 

Mr. Kinsella attributes much of his success in 
life to the good counsel and co-operation of his 
wife, who was formerly Miss Nellie Hanley, of 
New York. The marriage took place in Sep- 
tember 1880, and there are three children surviv- 
ing — William Hanley, Dalton Louis and Ella 
Marie. Mr. Kinsella is quite a family man, and 
has the co-operation of his household in his 
luimcrous undertakings of charity and benevo- 
lence. He is still quite a \ouug man and has 
before him an excellent career of usefulness. 




Kl^JXiK^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



287 



Cari.islk, James L., son of David and Man' 
( Court ) Carlisle, was born in St. Louis, Mis- 
souri. He was educated in the public schools 
of St. Louis, and at Central College, Fayette, 
Missouri. After receiving a thorough course at 
the latter, he .studied law at the St. Louis Law 
School, graduating in 1873. He was admitted 
to the bar the same year, and until 1.S7H prac- 
ticed law in the office of Glover & Shepley. 

In 187(i he opened his own law office, read- 
ily building up a large and profitable clientage. 

In 1882, on ac- 
count of poor health , 
he relinquished his 
law practice to ac- 
cept the office of jury 
commissioner. This 
important position 
was lield by Vix. Car- 
lisle for two terms, 
of four years each, 
he receiving a unan- 
imous re-election. 
Mr. Carlisle's ad- 
ministration of the 
delicate and respon- 
sible duties of jur\- 
commissioner gave 
him a reputation for 
courageous impar- 
tiality and ready and 
thorough executive 
ability. 

In bSilO the Au.s- 
traliau voting law 

was to be put into operation in St. Louis, and 
much anxiety existed over the selection of a 
recorder of voters, who would have to conduct 
its initiatory administration. Governor David 
R. Francis, after the most careful consideration 
of a large number of capable gentlemen, ap- 
])oiuted ^Ir. Carlisle. 

In instituting the new law and its compli- 
cated machinery, Mr. Carli.sle is generally cred- 
ited with exhibiting great tact and discernment. 
Although an ardent Democrat it is freely ac- 
knowledged that he treated his political oppo- 




JAMES L. CARLISLE. 



nents with absolute justice and full courtesy. 
Many of his political opponents who were de- 
feated candidates, personally expres.sed their 
thanks to him for the impartial treatment they 
received at his hands. 

The duties of the recorder of voters not being 
inconsistent with the practice of law, Mr. Car- 
lisle returned to his profession, forming a part- 
nership with Mr. L. Frank Ottofy. The firm 
of Carlisle & Ottofy is now enjoying a fine and 
lucrative practice, counting among its clients 
many of the best re- 
puted mercantile 
houses of the city. 
In March, 1894, 
with nearly a )'ear 
of his term as re- 
corder of voters un- 
expired. President 
Cleveland appointed 
Mr. Carlisle post- 
master of St. Louis. 
He assumed the du- 
ties of the postmas- 
tership April 1,1894. 
Mr. Carlisle is 
still a young man in 
the prime of his ca- 
reer, liotli mentallv 
and physically. 

He m a r r i e d in 
I.SSO Miss Kate 
Johnson, of St. 
Charles county, ]\Iis- 
souri. His faniilv 
:\Iiss Marv Kathrvu. 



consists of one dauehter 



Chan-cki.lor, ErsTATHir.s, A.M., M.D., of 
St. Louis, Missouri, comes of English stock. 
He was born at Chancellorsville, Spottsylvania 
county, Virginia, AugiLSt the 29th, 1854. His 
parents. Doctor J. Edgar and D. Josephine 
Chancellor, being members of, and allied to, the 
oldest families in the Old Dominion. His early 
education was acquired at private schools in his 
native country and at Charlottesville, \'irginia. 
He pursued his classical studies until bSTd. 



28S 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



In October of the same year he visited Cohnn- 
bus, Georgia, where he accepted the position of 
assistant cashier and book-keeper to a railroad 
official, which he was compelled to give up one 
year later on account of ill health. He returned 
to the University of Virginia in October, 1871, 
and matriculated in the collegiate course with 
civil engineering, entering the junior class, and 
at the close of the session received certificates 
of proficiency in the several departments. He 
devoted two more years to classical studies and 
higher mathematics. 

In the fall of 1874 he matriculated in the 
medical department of the University of Vir- 
ginia, the second year graduating with honors, 
receiving his diploma on the 2yth of June, 1876. 

He attended the clinics at the University of 
Pennsylvania for several weeks following, when 
he received the appointment of prosector to the 
chair of anatomy in the University of Maryland 
(school of medicine), and clinical assistant in 
the hospital, and matriculated as a student of 
medicine in the University of Maryland, and 
received a second diploma ( 1877 ) with a well- 
earned certificate of proficiency from the uni- 
versity hospital. 

In the spring of 1878 he was appointed assist- 
ant resident physician in the university hospital, 
which position he held for twelve months, the 
greater part of the time acting as chief physician, 
resigning in March, 187il. He has contributed 
many valuable articles on surgery and medicine, 
and also on insurance to the leading journals 
of the country. 

He returned to the University of Virginia and 
formed a co-partnership with his father, Dr. J. 
Edgar Chancellor, in the practice of medicine 
and surgery. In 1880, desiring a wider field for 
his professional ambition, he selected St. Louis 
as his future home, arriving there July 9, 1880, 
where his ability, professional and genial man- 
ners, brought him into prominence and a lucra- 
tive practice. His abilities and studious habits 
recommending him, he became medical examiner 
of some twenty of the most popular secret socie- 
ties of the city. He grew to be an active Master 
Mason, a Knight of Pythias, Knight Templar, 



a Noble of the Mystic Shrine and Scottish Rite 
Mason. 

He was one of the leading founders of the 
Beaumont Hospital IMedical College in 1885, 
and filled the chair of cutaneous and venereal 
diseases until 1890, when he resigned by reason 
of a growing practice. He was elected Supreme 
Medical Director of the Legion of Honor in 
1886, and filled the position efficiently and satis- 
factorily for three years, and declined re-elec- 
tion in 1889. He was afterwards appointed 
SuiDervising Medical E.xaminer of the Royal 
Arcanum, of Missouri. As a ready medical 
writer, a fluent and lucid lecturer, and an ener- 
getic worker in national, State and local med- 
ical societies, he achieved deserved popularity, 
and while enjoying social amenities, he lost no 
opportunity to improve himself in science. In 
1884 the degree of Master of Arts was conferred 
upon him by the St. Louis University. He was 
appointed by Governor Francis, in 1891, Medical 
Director of the State National Guard, with the 
rank of lieutenant-colonel, which position he 
has filled with credit to himself and honor to the 
vState of his adoption. It was through his efforts 
that vSt. Louis secured the National Association 
of Military Surgeons in 1892, and at its second 
annual meeting he was unanimously elected 
permanent secretary. 

Personally, he is one of the most genial of 
men, possessed of a vast amount of perst)nal 
magnetism, and as a gentleman, civilian-soldier 
and a physician, his word is as good as his bond. 
" No one has done more than Dr. Chancellor," 
says the Indtistricil and Home Mofithly, of 
Chicago, in a recent article, "to advance the 
high standard of life insurance examinations 
and characterize this field as a distinct specialt>-. 
He has the good fortune to be medical examiner 
of many of the best life and accident insurance 
companies in the land, and represents several 
traveling men's mutual associations." 

This eulogy is the more welcome to Dr. Chan- 
cellor's many friends on account of its spon- 
taneous appearance in a publication of influence 
published outside the city. Nearer at home the 
doctor's work is looked upon as invaluable. 





e.<^<^^^J^ 



lilOCRAPJIICAL APPENDIX. 



289 



SoLDAN, Frank Louis, is a native of Frauk- 
fi)rt-on-tlie-Main, Germany. His father was 
Jt)hn Jnstin Soldan; his mother, Mrs. Caroline 
Soldan, ncc Elssman. He received his education 
in the schools of German)-, from his sixth to 
his nineteenth year. In 18()3 he came to the 
ITnited States and after a sojourn of two months 
in New York came to St. Louis, where he has 
l)een engaged in educational work for more than 
thirty years. 

From 18(;4 to LSUN he kept one of the largest 
jtriAate schools in 
the city; while thus 
engaged he wrote 
an " A m e r i c a n 
Reader" for German- 
American schools, 
and a series of essays 
o\\ the Darwinian 
theory, as well as 
some t ran si a lions 
from Horace. Dur- 
ing the following 
)ear he taught in the 
Central High School 
until he was ap- 
])ointed assistant 
superintendent of the 
imblic schools. 

In 1S71 he was ap- 
pointed principal of 
the Normal School, 
which position he 
still holds. During 
his connection with 

the Normal School it has steadily risen in the 
appreciation of the public. Mr. Buisson, the 
I"'rench Minister of Instruction, who \-isited the 
Normal in 1871), spoke of it in one of his reports 
as the model school of the West. In the fall of 
1.S87 both the High School and the Normal 
School were united under his management. 

Mr. Soldan's educational work as a writer and 
a lecturer has extended beyond the limits of the 
city. He lectured for four weeks in Knoxville, 
Keutuck\-, at the l^iiversity Institute; he took 
part in the Concord School of Philosoiihy and 




FRANK LOUS SOI. DAN. 



delivered a lecture on " Goethe and Spinga," 
which was much appreciated, and at the time 
reprinted in full by New York papers. Mr. 
Soldan has also delivered courses of lectures to 
large classes of ladies and gentlemen. The 
papers which he presented from time to time 
before the National Association of Educators 
aKva\s found a circle of attentive listeners and 
readers, and in 1883, at one of the largest meet- 
ings ever held, that at Madison, with over 7,000 
teachers in attendance, he was elected president 
of the association. 

He has been a 
member of the " Na- 
tional Council of 
Education," a bod)- 
of fifty men selected 
from the various sec- 
lions of the country 
as representatives of 
llie National Educa- 
tional Association 
since the establish- 
ment of that bod)-, 
and has contributed 
many papers in the 
discussions o f that 
body. In 1880 he 
received a call from 
vSouth Carolina to 
organize the first 
Normal Institute for 
teachers held in that 
.State, and the suc- 
cess of this enter- 
prise was an important factor in the educational 
revival which Hugh S. Thompson, later gov- 
ernor of the State, Prof. E. S. Joynes and their 
associates brought about, and which led to the 
re-establishment of the time-honored University 
of South Carolina, and to renewed educational 
activity and enthusiasm throughout the State. 
At the first commencement exercises of the re- 
established South Carolina University, it hon- 
ored Mr. Soldan by conferring ujion him the 
degree of LL:D. 

In addition to his ])rofessional activity Mr, 



290 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Soldan has done a great deal of literary work. 
A little book, " Grube's Method," which he 
wrote in 1870 on a new method of teaching 
arithmetic, was read and studied everywhere, 
and led to a change in the method of teaching 
this subject in almost every State. He contrib- 
uted to the ircstcni and the Journal of Specu- 
lative Philosopliy. Among the articles in the 
JVes/crii we may mention : " Law and Cause," 
"Goethe's Suleika," "Culture and Facts" and 
"Landmarks in Education." 

RowKLL, Clinton. — The city of St. Louis 
owes, to a very large degree, its rapid advance- 
ment in the last quarter of a century to an 
infusion of New England blood, and the bar of 
St. Louis has reached its present high position 
largely by the accession to its ranks of New 
England men. Among the New Englanders 
who have added luster to the bar, Clinton 
Rowell deserves a first place. Like all men who 
have impressed themselves upon the world, Mr. 
Rowell owes his success to two things : ability 
and environment. He is the sou of Ciuy C. 
and Clarissa (Rankin) Rowell, and was born 
on November 12, 1838, at Concord, Essex county, 
Vermont. The Rowell family is well known in 
New England, and his mother's family, Rankin, 
can be traced through many honorable genera- 
tions. 

His early life was that of the New England 
boys of his time, when the first lesson taught 
was that of self-denying application. The New 
England idea was that life is a scene of action; 
that every man should strive for success and 
that success should be the fruit of legitimate 
toil. Although born in the Green ^fountain 
State, Mr. Rowell was really reared in New 
Hampshire. His boyhood was spent on the 
farm and at the common schools. Later on he 
acquired the advantages to be given bv the 
academies, and finally completed his education 
at Dartmouth. 

Satisfied that the growing West was the arena 
for a young man, he proceeded directh' from col- 
lege to Bloomington, Illinois, and became there 
a law student in the office of Tipton & Benja- 



min. He came to St. Louis in ]8li(). Shortly 
after his arrival in St. Louis, he formed a part- 
nership with Daniel D. Fisher. This partner- 
ship continued under the name of Fisher & 
Rowell until January, 188St, when Mr. Fishertook 
his place upon the Circuit bench. At the time 
of dissolution this was the oldest legal firm in 
the city of St. Louis. Immediately following 
the dis.solution Mr. Rowell entered into a part- 
nership with Mr. Franklin Ferriss, under the 
firm name of Rowell & F'erri.ss, and this latter 
firm still continues. 

In 1866 St. Louis was entering upon a new 
era. It was an era of progress. The young 
firm of Fisher & Rowell plunged into the cur- 
rent. There was much business to be done, and 
the firm got its share. These were the days of 
hard fighting in court. New questions of law 
had to be settled. Many of the great forensic 
lawyers who have made the St. Louis bar fa- 
mous were still active in the field. Now con- 
tests are largely settled in law\ers' offices by 
concession or compromise. Then they were 
fought to a finish before court and jury; no quar- 
ter was asked or given. 

Mr. Rowell developed rapidly under these 
conditions. His reputation has grown steadily 
from the start. His practice has grown in pro- 
portion, until his firm's clientage has become 
both extensive and lucrative, and it now stands 
among the leading professional firms in the 
country. IVIr. Rowell was attorney for the late 
millionaire, Henry Shaw, and is still the legal 
adviser of the executor. He was also attorney 
for Dr. McLean, the proprietary medicine manu- 
facturer and inventor. He has handled the in- 
volved and complex details of these vast estates 
to the entire satisfaction of his clients, and in a 
manner to win the admiration of his professional 
brethren. He has also been connected with 
many of the most important railway condemna- 
tion suits, and is recognized authorit) on this 
branch of the law. 

Mr. Rowell in a marked degree represents the 
highest type of the profession. He has all the 
natural gifts of the great orator: a command- 
ing presence, a massive head, bearing a striking 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



291 



resemblance to Webster, impressi\-e jjray e\-es, 
a ringin<r, sonorous voice, and a iiever-failino; 
command of choice English. To these qualities 
he adds a fervor and intensity of thought and 
feeling which are fundamental in his natuie. 
These qualities make him a great advocate, and, 
whether presenting questions of fact to the \\\r\ 
or of law to the court, and especially when 
roused by a sense of danger to his client's inter- 
ests, he becomes an antagonist of matchless 
power and eloquence. 

The lawyer of to-day finds his greatest use- 
fulness in the office and consultation room, 
where the history of important transactions is 
written, where important differences are adjusted. 
Not ordinarily does the successful advocate, and 
trial lawyer also, possess the qualities of the 
sagacious, prudent counselor. Mr. Rowell com- 
bines both. He is a man on whom men instinct- 
ively lean. He knows the law in a practical 
sense. 

He is pre-eminently qualified to handle an 
important business disagreement or complica- 
tion. Through his profound knowledge of legal 
l)rinciples and his characteristic grasp of business 
facts, he is able to determine the relative legal 
rights of parties to a controversy with great 
promptness and accurac\-. He does not hesitate 
to tell his client to modify or yield his demands, 
if justice requires; but when assured that his 
cause is just, he will press the rights of his client 
with absolute fearlessness. By the exercise of 
consummate skill and perfect candor he rarely 
fails to win the confidence of his antagonist and 
obtain substantial justice and an adjustment 
satisfactory to all interested. 

When necessary to protect his client's rights 
he does not hesitate to enter the forum estab- 
lished for the settlement of legal controversies. 
He is unceasing in his vigilance in preparing 
his cases for trial. With dauntless courage, 
with infinite care and patience, he fights out 
every contest to the end, and his splendid powers 
of advocacy rarely suffer defeat. 

Mr. Rowell has achieved success .solely by the 
legitimate practice of his profession. His large 
following is due entireh' to his abilit\- as a 



lawyer and his integrity as a man. These quali- 
ties have won him as well the esteem of his 
professional brethren. 

Politicall)-, Mr. Rowell is an ardent Democrat; 
a \-aluable and influential member of his part\-, 
and has done it valuable service. Although a 
popular man he has steadfastly refused all solici- 
tations to hold office. He prefers the steady 
work of his profession and the independence of 
private life. 

Socially, he is a man of broad sympathies, 
well read and thoroughly intelligent on all 
current questions, and is a man of decided con- 
victions and opinions. He is a member of the 
Congregational Church, and a strong supporter 
of its faith and purposes. 

Mr. Rowell is a member of the St. I^ouis and 
Mercantile clubs, and a prominent member of 
the Merchants' Exchange. He was one of its 
delegates to the convention held in Washington 
in September, 1.SH3, to urge the rejjeal of the 
vSilver Purchasing Act, and he made the most 
effective speech in that convention. It was 
published by some of the delegates and exten- 
sively circulated. 

He enjoys with his charming family the com- 
forts of a handsome home near Forest Park. He 
married in 18(58 Miss Carrie M. Ferriss, daughter 
of Charles FerrLss, a prominent resident of 
Clinton county, New York, and a sister of his 
present law partner. They have two children, 
named Grace and Carlton. 

Fkrriss, F'r.a.nklin. — One of the most grati- 
fying signs of the times, in St. I^ouis, is the 
increasing willingness of men of high standing 
in the community to devote their time and 
attention to municipal matters. Among those 
who have thus exhibited a spirit of loyalty and 
devotion to the city, Mr. Franklin Ferriss is 
prominent. In the spring of 18St3 he consented, 
at considerable personal sacrifice, to become a 
candidate for a seat in the City Council. His 
election followed, as a matter of course, and his 
colleagues promptly elected him vice-president. 
When called u])on to j^reside, he displays con- 
si)icuous al)ilil\ in the chair, is at once firm and 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



impartial, and seasons his rulings with a liberal 
supply of good sense. As a legislator he is 
earnest and careful, and is as zealous in his 
municipal duties as in his private and profes- 
sional affairs. 

Mr. Ferriss is not yet forty-five years of age. 
He is the son of Charles and Mercy (Macomber) 
Ferriss, and was born in Clinton county, New 
York, September 22, 184;t. He received the 
primary elements of his education at the com- 
mon schools, and entered Cornell University 
when about eighteen or nineteen years old, and 
graduated from that renowned seat of learn- 
ing in the class of 1873. Like many other 
young men before him, his graduation meant to 
him the severing of home ties and the starting 
out into the world to win his own fortune. He 
selected St. Louis as the scene of his future 
efforts, coming here in the same year he left 
the university. 

Having determined to adopt the law as his 
profession, he entered the St. Louis Law School 
soon after he reached the city, graduating from 
the school, which has educated so many bril- 
liant men for the bar, in li~i7'). He commenced 
jiractice alone after being admitted to the bar, 
and so continued until the dissolution of the firm 
of Fisher & Rowell, caused by the election of 
Judge Fisher to the bench, when he became the 
partner of the last named gentleman, and is still 
such, the style of the firm being Rowell & 
t'erriss. 

Like his partner, Mr. Rowell, Air. Ferriss 
devotes his whole attention to the practice of 
commercial and corporation law, making of this 
civil practice a specialty, taking no criminal 
cases whatever. Mr. Ferriss, although, as men- 
tioned above, he is but just entering the prime 
of life, is considered a lawyer of exceptional 
learning and possessed of a power of analvsis in 
a profound degree. He certainly understands 
thoroughly the branch of law he has adopted, 
and since he has been before the courts has been 
considered one of the most successful lawyers of 
the St. Louis bar. 

Among other practice he did nearly all the 
law business connected with customs necessitated 



by the McKinley bill, acting in the capacity of 
attorney for C. H. Wyman S: Company, custom 
brokers. He represented many of the defendants 
in the noted railway condemnation suits, securing 
verdicts for his clients in almost every instance. 
His name is connected as a winner with many 
of the civil .suits that have been tried in St. 
Louis courts in recent years. Aside from his 
law business he is interested in several business 
companies. 

Mr. Ferriss married Miss Elizabeth H., the 
daughter of H. T. Simon, of Simon, Gregory 
S: Company, of St. Louis. They have three 
children, Henry T., Margery- and Hugh, and 
live in a handsome home at 5828 Cabanne 
place. 

Klein, Jacob, son of John M. and Caroline 
( ( lUth ) Klein, was born at Hechtscheim, Hesse- 
Darmstadt, now a portion of Prussia, on Sep- 
tember 1, LS4.i, but his parents emigrating to 
America when he was quite a child, nearly the 
whole of his life has been spent in this country. 
The family landed at New Orleans in 18.") 1, and 
settled in St. Louis in ].s,")2. 

The subject of this sketch was educated in the 
public schools of St. Louis, and, entering 
heartily into his studies and taking advantage 
of every opportunity to acquire knowledge, he 
made rapid progress, and left school thorougliK 
prepared to acquire an insight into the techni- 
calities of the profession of which he has since 
become so distinguished a member. He read 
law for about eighteen months with Air. Sey- 
mour Voullaire, and subsequently with the Hon. 
Samuel Knox, member of Congress, and Judge 
Irwin Z. Smith. In the year 1869 he was 
admitted to the bar and at once commenced 
practice in this city. 

Had Air. Klein been content with the prospect 
of an ordinary career, he would have continued 
practicing, especially as his ability and courtesy, 
aided by the sound legal training he had 
received, brought him clients from the first. 
But the same determination and laudable ambi- 
tion which has actuated his more recent career 
were uppermost with him at this early stage. 



BIOCRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



293 



and after about a year's practice he went to the 
Har\ard Law School to complete his legal edu- 
cation. He took a full cotirse and graduated 
with the class of 1.S71, securing tlie degree of 
I.L.K. 

Returning to St. Louis, Judge Klein re-coni- 
nieuced practice here, and continued for nine 
years without a partner. He was promptly 
recognized as an able lawyer, and the successful 
manner in which he handled cases entrusted to 
his care soon made him popular and led to a 
rapid increase in the 
number of his cli- 
ents. In the year 
ISSl the partnership 
firm of Klein ^c Fisse 
was formed, Mr. 
Klein's partner be- 
ing Mr. \V. E. Fisse, 
now a member of 
the School Board 
and a very success- 
ful attorne>-, and 
who had read law 
in the office prior to 
acquiring an interest 
in it. The partner- 
ship was both pleas- 
ant and prosperous, 
and continued until 
January, 18811, when 
the senior member 
retired from practice 
and took his seat on j ^^j^,, 

the Circuit Court 
bench, and Mr. Fisse continued practice alone. 

Judge Klein's career at the bar was a ver\' 
successful and honorable one, and he built up 
for himself and his firm a very large and lucra- 
tive practice. He had charge of a number of 
cases of great importance, involving large sums 
of mone\', and the way he ])rotected the inter- 
ests of his clients earned him a well-merited 
reputation as a lawyer. In the year l>iN>> la- 
was elected a Circuit Court judge, taking his 
seat the following Jauiuir\-. He is now pre- 
siding jtulgc of the court and sits in court 




room No. 1. His abilit)- as a lawyer and his 
firmness and impartiality have, during the last 
three years, been very marked, and both the 
legal profession and the public have learned to 
regard him as an able and just judge. 

An unusually large number of cases involving 
difficult legal points have come before his court, 
but he has been fully equal to the occasion, and 
his decisions in these have been almost invari- 
ably upheld on appeal. Prominent among 
these was the case of the State of Missouri 
against vSchweick- 
hardt, in which the 
right of St. Louis to 
control the sale of 
refreshments in For- 
est Park was chal- 
1 e nged. Judge 
Klein's ruling ex- 
cited general admi- 
ration and was af- 
firmed on appeal. 

In politics the 
judge has always 
been a consistent 
and active Repub- 
lican. He led one or 
two forlorn hopes 
for his party at a 
time when the Dem- 
ocrats were carrying 
all elections in the 
city, and when, in 
1^1 ^^,^ I'SSX, he was nomi- 

nated for a judge- 
ship in the Circuit Court, he ran far ahead of 
his ticket, polling a larger number of votes than 
had ever been cast for a candidate for a similar 
office. Apart from politics, the Judge takes an 
active interest in everything calculated to bene- 
fit St. Louis, and is looked upon as a public- 
spirited, active and accomplished citizen. 

He was married April 17, IN?;'), to ]\Iiss 
Lilly Schreiber; four children have blessed the 
union, and the family ha\-e always lived in 
the South Side, where they ha\-e a large circle 
of friends and acquaintances. 



294 



Or.D AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



McKeighax, John E., was born on a farm 
near the town of Farmingtoii, Fulton county, 
Illinois, July 20, 1841. His parents were Robert 
and Ellen (Tuttle) McKeighan. His father 
was a prominent farmer of Fulton county, and 
gave his son better opportunities for acquiring 
an education than most farmers' sons have 
afforded them. 

John E. attended the district schools of his 
native county, after which he entered Knox 
College at Galesburg, Illinois, where he pre- 
pared himself thoroughly for a university course, 
which he afterwards took at Ann Arbor, Michi- 
gan, graduating from that institution in June, 
lX(it5. He then read law in the office of Martin 
Shellenberger, of Toulon, Stark county, Illinois, 
and was admitted to the bar at Ottawa, in May, 
l«(i7. 

After his admission to the bar, he came to 
Missouri and settled at Bolivar, Polk county. 
After practicing law in that place for a few 
months, he moved to Baxter Springs, Kansas, 
and opened a law office there in March, 18(58. 
From there he went to Fort Scott, Kansas, in 
March, 1871, and formed a law partnership with 
H. C. McComas, under the firm name of 
McComas & McKeighan. In 187() Mr. McKeig- 
han and his partner both decided to remove to 
St. Louis, and the partnership was continued 
until 1881, when Mr. McComas moved to New 
Mexico, settling at Silver City, where he and 
his wife were murdered l)y the Indians in 1.S82. 

Mr. McKeighan then formed a partnership 
with Silas B. Jones ( McKeighan & Jones ) which 
lasted until January 1, 188r). He next formed 
a partnership with Judges W. C. Boyle and 
Palmer B. Adams, under the firm name of Boyle, 
Adams & McKeighan, which was dissolved 
Januarv 1, 1892, and the firm of Lee, McKeig- 
han, Ellis & Priest was formed. 

No lawyer, anywhere, applies himself more 
a.ssiduously to his profession than does Mr. 
McKeighan. Having mastered the basic prin- 
ciple of his profession, he finds no difficult)' in 
applying those principles to the solution of the 
most knotty and intricate legal questions. His 
mind is naturally of a strong, judicial cast, and 



it has been matured by years of patient study 
and research, and disciplined by an active prac- 
tice running through more than twenty }ears. 

His practice is exclusively in the civil courts 
and comprises all branches of the ci\il law. He 
has given much attention to the constitutional 
and corporation law, being frequently employed 
as special counsel by banking and railway 
corporations. He has also rendered invaluable 
assistance to the Autumnal Festivities Associa- 
tion, the Citizens' Smoke Abatement Associa- 
tion and other movements of a public character. 

Mr. McKeighan was married November 2, 
IMliit, to Miss Helen M. Cutler, daughter of 
Thomas C. and Lucy (Culver) Cutler, of Kala- 
mazoo, Michigan. Mrs. McKeighan died a few 
years ago after having four children — Lucy, 
Robert, Mabel and Ellen, of whom the last three 
are living. 

Prik.ST, Hknrv Samuki., general attorney 
for the Missouri Pacific Railway, was born in 
Ralls county, Missouri, February 7, 1853. His 
parents were Thomas J. and Amelia E. (Brown ) 
Priest. His father was a nati\'e of \'irginia. 
His mother was a native of Kentucky, and was 
coiniected with the distinguished Houston family, 
of which General Samuel Houston, of Texas, 
was a member. He received his education in 
Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, graduat- 
ing in the class of 1872. He then went to 
Taylorville, Kentucky, and began the study of 
law in the office of Major Mark E. Houston. 
He completed his course of legal studies at Han- 
nibal, Missouri, under the direction of Judge 
James Carr, who was at that time general 
attorney for the Hannibal & St. Jose])h Rail- 
road Company. 

He was admitted to the bar by Judge John T. 
Redd, at Hannibal, in the spring of 1S7;'>, and 
located at Moberly, Missouri, where he entered 
on the practice of law. He was shortly after- 
wards elected city attorney, and continued to 
practice his profession there for eight years, 
when he was tendered the position of assistant 
attorne\- for the Missouri Pacific Railroad Com- 
pany b>- Judge Thomas J. Portis, then the gen- 




/^A<.Vt^^^ 



lUOGRAPHICAI. APP/iNP/X 



29.'5 



eral attorue}- for tliat company, wliicli lie 
accepted, and came to St. Lonis in October, 
I'SSl. He remained with the Missouri Pacific 
until December 1, 1883, when the appointment 
of attorney for the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific 
Railway Company ( now the Wabash Railroad 
Company) was tendered him. He accepted the 
appointment, and held that position until Decem- 
ber 1, 1890, when he was appointed <^eneral 
attorney for the Missouri Pacific Railroad Com- 
pany, which position he still holds. 

From the day Mr. Priest was admitted to the 
bar until the present, his rise in the legal pro- 
fession has been rapid and continuous, and he 
stands to-day second to no lawyer in the State 
in his general knowledge of the science of juris- 
prudence, and especially of the law pertaining 
to railroad corporations, which has grown to be 
a most important branch of the civil law in the 
United States. It may be said of him that he 
is "a born lawyer "' and possesses to a remark- 
able degree that intuitive facult)- that enables 
him to instantly grasp and comprehend the 
most intricate and abstruse legal propositions, 
and make them simple and clear to the court 
and jury. He is frank and straightforward in 
his presentation of a case, and while he lias 
been too busy to study and cultivate the graces 
of oratory, he is a pleasant, strong, forcible 
speaker, enforcing conviction on his hearers by 
his earnestness and evident reliance in the 
justice and strength of his cause. 

In politics Mr. Priest is a Democrat, and 
although he has never had political aspirations, 
nor mingled in the politics of the State, few 
men in ]irivate or professional life wield as great 
an influence in the councils of his ])art>-, and 
were he to give his attention to the details of 
])arty management he would soon be a leader 
not only in State, but in national politics. 

;\Ir. Priest is president of the Missouri State 
Har Association, and a member of the law firm 
of Lee, McKeighan, Priest & Ellis, which was 
formed January 1, 1892. 

Mr. Priest was married Xo\enil)er 9, 187(), to 
Miss Henrietta Parsell, of Webster (iroxes, 
St. Louis county, whose parents were George B. 



Parsell, of St. Louis, and Kli/.alieth (Wright) 
Parsell, of Portland, .Maine. The\- have four 
children — George T., Grace PI, Jeannette B. 
and Wells Blodgett. 

Lek, Br.\ui,EY D., son of Henry B. and Mary 
( .\ustin ) Lee, was born March 24, 18;)8, in 
Litchfield count}-, Connecticut, and was educated 
in the common schools of his native county, 
and at Williston Seminary, East Hampton, 
Massachusetts. He then became a student at 
law in the office of Hon. Hiram Goodwin, of 
Ri\-erton, Litchfield county. He read law for 
two years, and then entered the army as first 
lieutenant in the Nineteenth Regiment Con- 
necticut Volunteer Infantry, in September, 
18(i2. He was assigned to the general staff 
service in the United States Volunteer army, 
by President Lincoln with the rank of captain. 
He served in the army of the Potomac until the 
close of the war, and upon being mustered out 
of the service, was bre\-etted major for meritori- 
ous conduct. 

Returning home he entered the law depart- 
ment of Yale College, graduating in the class of 
18(i(i, with the degree of bachelor of laws. 
Soon after he came to St. Louis, and formed a 
partnership, for the practice of law, with Dan- 
iel T. Potter ( Potter & Lee). This partnership 
was dissolved after one year, and he associated 
himself with B. F. Webster (Lee & Webster), 
for three years, after which he was alone for 
two years. In 1872 he entered into a co-part- 
nership with Elmer B. Adams, which contiiuied 
until 1878, when Mr. Adams was elected one of 
the judges of the St. Louis Circuit Court. Mr. 
Lee and Hon. Jeff. Chandler then formed a part- 
nership (Lee & Chandler), which lasted until 
Mr. Chandler removed to Washington City, in 
1881, when Mr. Lee, Col. D. P. Dyer and John 
P. PHlis associated themselves under the firm 
name of Dyer, Lee >!v: Ellis. In 1S89 this firm 
was dissolved, and the firm of Lee iS: Ellis was 
established, and continued until January 1, 1892, 
when the firm of Lee, McKeighan, Ellis S: Priest 
was organized. 

During the more than twent>-five years that 



290 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



he has practiced law in this city, ^Ir. Lee has 
established an enduring reputation as a lawyer 
of splendid ability and great learning. Possess- 
ing a keen, logical and analytical mind, and a 
remarkable faculty for making a clear and 
luminous statement of his case before a court or 
jury, and enforcing his argument by a manner 
at once earnest and pleasing, it is not surprising 
that he has won his way to the front rank of his 
profession, and is recognized as a leading mem- 
ber of the bar of this city, famed throughout 
the country for the ability, worth and learning 
of its members, and that he stands, to-day, at 
the head of one of the ablest and strongest law 
firms in the West. 

Mr. Lee was married to Miss Belle F. Water- 
man, daughter of Hon. A. P. W'aterman, of 
Beloit, Wisconsin, November 23, 1S7(). The}- 
have two children — Edwin W., born July 1, 
1875, and Wayne, born October 14, l-ssd. 

As a lawyer ^Ir. Lee has steadily advanced, in 
his career in St. Louis for the past cjuarter of a 
century, from a modest beginning to the front 
rank in his profession. No one who knows him 
will for one moment assert that this has not been 
accoinplished strictly upon his merits. He has 
succeeded because he deserved and won fairly 
success. He has an extremely large following 
who believe implicitly in his advice and opinion, 
because they are honest and sound. In that 
large branch of professional work of the modern 
lawyer, those differences between parties which 
never reach the courts, Mr. Lee is admirably 
qualified and pre-eminently successful. He be- 
longs to that class of lawyers that are not afraid 
to tell a client he is wrong, and when he is in 
the right and in difficult)-, work it out for him 
with untiring assiduity and consummate skill. 

When once engaged in a conti'oversy which 
nuist be settled by forensic strife, Mr. Lee ex- 
hibits all the best attributes of the trained 
lawyer. He mastered this branch of his pro- 
fession in the onh- school where it is ever 
learned, in the arena where there are IjIows to 
take as well as blows to give, and the weakest 
goes down. He prepares his cases with the 
utmost care and no labor is too great for the 



purpose to be attained. He makes himself 
familiar with ever}- detail of his cause, and is 
not unmindful of that of his adversary. In the 
trial he is at home, and at ever}- step of the cause 
he is strong and untiring. With patient activity, 
unyielding perseverance, and unflinching cour- 
age he fights the forensic contest from beginning 
to end. In that spirit that never quails, one of 
the most essential qualities of the successful 
practitioner, Mr. Lee stands among the foremost 
of his profession. 

While he makes no attempt at polished ora- 
tory, both before the court, and a jury, when 
fully aroused he is a debater of the strongest 
type, and never fails in creating a clear and most 
effective impression. He is what is well under- 
stood in the jDrofession, as the first-class "all 
round" lawyer, and stands easily among the 
foremost of his cotemporaries at the head of 
one of the strongest firms in the country. While 
;\Ir. Lee is a strong opponent and unyielding in 
controversy, he is a genial companion, the truest 
of friends, which makes him deservedly one of 
the most popular men among his comrades at 
the bar. Still in the prime of life, in the 
maturity of his powers, he has many years of 
his pre-eminently successful career before him. 

Garesche, Alexander J. P. — A lawyer who 
has made a name for himself by his brilliant 
attainments, and whose name nuist be remem- 
bered in history as a champion of liberty and 
constitutional rights, is he whose name heads 
this sketch. Just subsequent to the war he 
endeared himself to ever}- lover of libert}-, b}- 
the brilliant and persistent fight he made on the 
odious Drake Constitution. Refusing to take 
the "test oath" he was debarred from practice 
during l.S()() and 18t)7, and largely by his own 
efforts saw these odious laws repealed, and him- 
self and others admitted to citizenship without 
having to take the oath. 

Since l'S4.'), or for iiearl}- a half centur}-, lie 
has practiced law in the courts of Missouri, and 
has built up a reputation second to that of no 
advocate in the ^Mississippi valley. Alexander 
J. P. Garesche was born March 1, 182.'i, near 










''/^^ 



fis- 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



297 



Matanzas, Cuba, where his parents were tem- 
porarily sojourning. They were Vital M. and 
Mimika Louise (Banduy) Garesche, and both 
were of French origin, coming original I \- from 
San Domingo. 

.\ settlement was made near Wilmington, 
Delaware, where Alexander received a prepara- 
tor\- education, his instruction being continued 
at Georgetown, I). C. In lS3!t he came with 
his father's family to St. Louis, and in l.S4() 
entered vSt. Louis University, from which he 
finally received its three degrees. In 1<S42 he 
began the study of law in the office of Col. T. 
T. Gautt, and in 1845 was admitted to practice. 
Although he has since then been a conspicuous 
man t)f riffairs, and In- his bitter fight crushed 
the "test oath" in ISiiK, he has been singularly 
averse to holding public office. He has been 
often .solicited to fill positions of trust, but the 
city attorneyship, in 184(i-47, is the only office 
he e\'er held. 

Shortly after he began practice, or in 1849, 
he was married to Laura, daughter of Thomas 
C. \'an Zaudt, a member of one of the old New 
York Knickerbocker families. Of this union 
nine children have issued, five of whom are yet 
li\-ing. 

G.\RK.SCHK, Edmoni) a. B., is a worthy son 
of his father, from whom he has inherited an 
aptness for legal work which has made him 
famous as a lawyer. He was born in this city 
Julv li, 1857. His father, Mr. A. J. P. Gares- 
che, has already been introduced to our readers. 
His mother, formerly Miss Lairra C. Van Zandt, 
was, as has already been noted, a member of a 
very old and noted Knickerl)ocker family of 
New York. 

I'^dmond received his education atthcvSt. Louis 
I'nixersity, the Jesuit College, Georgetown, 
D. C, and at St. Mary's College, Montreal. 
After his return to his home in St. Louis he 
began the study of law in 1875, in his father's 
office; passed a successful examination and was 
admitted to the bar in Noveuiber, 1S77. He 
embarked in the practice of his profession with 
W. J. D'Arcy as an office partner. At the end 



of two years this arrangement was terminated 
by the removal of D'Arcy to Kansas City, 
whereupon Mr. Garesche returned to his father's 
office for awhile and then formed a partnership 
with his brother, William A., under the style of 
Garesche &; Garesche. Within two years this 
partnership was also dissolved, and since then 
Mr. Garesche has conducted business on his 
own account. 

Mr. Garesche married, in LSSO, Miss Emma 
W., daughter of William H. Jennings, of St. 
Louis. They have six children — Laura, Ade- 
laide, Eugene, Henry, Edmond and Claude. 

Blodgett, Wells H., was born January 
2it, 1839, at Downer's Grove, DuPage county, 
Illinois. His parents were Israel P. and Avis 
( Dodge ) Blodgett. Received an elementary edu- 
cation in the common schools of his native 
county; spent two years at the Illinois LTniver- 
sity at Wheaton, and a short time at the Rock 
Ri\-er Seminary at Mount Morris, Illinois. He 
then read law in the office of Judd & Blodgett 
at Chicago and was admitted to the bar in the 
spring of 18(il. He was one of the first to 
respond to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 
men for three months to suppress the rebellion 
and collect the revenue, in April, 18(51, enlisting 
as a private in Captain C. C. Marsh's company. 
At the expiration of three months, he enlisted 
as a private in the Thirty-Seventh Illinois 
Volunteer Infantry; in October, 18t)l, he was 
made lieutenant of company D, same regiment. 
In the spring of 18()2 he was promoted to the 
captaincy of the same company. In March, 
]8(;3, he was commissioned by President Lincoln 
as judge advocate of the arm\- of the Frontier, 
with rank as major of ca\-alr\' in the United 
States army. In Augu.st, 1X1)4, he was commis- 
sioned lieutenant-colonel of the Forty-Eighth 
Regiment Missouri Volunteer Infantry, and 
October 1st of the .same year was commissioned 
colonel of the same regiment. 

Colonel Blodgett's active military service be- 
gan with the campaigns of Generals Fremont, 
Hunter, Schofield and Heron, in southern Mis- 
souri and northern Arkansas, and continued 



298 



OLD AND NEW ST. L017S. 



until the close of the war, being attached to de- 
partment headquarters only for the few months 
he acted as judge advocate, and afterwards 
served in Tennessee and Alabama, his regiment 
being a part of the Fourth Division of the 
Twentieth Army Corps, commanded by General 
Rosseau. 

When the war closed Colonel Blodgett settled 
at Warrensburg, Missouri, and began the prac- 
tice of law. In 18(i6, he was elected to repre- 
sent his county (Johnson ) in the Legislature, 
serving in that cajDacity for two sessions. In 
18()S, he was elected to the State Senate for the 
term of four years, from the district composed 
of the counties of Johnson, Henry, Benton and 
St. Clair. As representative and senator he 
took an active and prominent part in propos- 
ing and advocating measures that would ad- 
vance the material interests of the State, and 
while he was, and still is, a Republican of the 
"most straitest sect," he was one of the first 
men in his party to advocate an amendment to 
what was known as the Drake Constitution, 
abolishing the test oath and clothing with all 
the rights of citizenship those thousands of 
men who had been disfranchised for participa- 
tion in the rebellion, and few men in his part>- 
did as much to bring about that result. His 
career as a legislator and public servant proved 
that a man can be just and magnanimous to his 
political opponents, and at the same time be 
loyal to his party. 

In the fall of I87;3, Colonel Blodgett accepted 
the position of assistant attorney of the St. 
Louis, Kansas City & Northern Railway Com- 
pany. In June, IS74, he was appointed gen- 
eral attorney for the same company, taking 
entire charge of all its legal business, and con- 
tinued in that position until the fall of 1879, 
when the road was consolidated with the 
Wabash system; the two companies forming the 
corporation known as the Wabash, St. Louis & 
Pacific Railway, with lines extending in and 
through the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
Missouri and Iowa. He was then appointed 
general solicitor of the company, and put in 
charge of its entire legal business. When the 



company failed in 1884, and the road was 
placed in the hands of receivers, Colonel Blodg- 
ett represented the receivers in all their litiga- 
tion, which proved to be the most complicated 
of any similar litigation in the court annals of 
this country, involving, as it did, the most 
intricate questions of corporation law, besides 
many millions of dollars. Upon the reorganiz- 
ation of the company in 1889, Colonel Blodgett 
was re-elected general solicitor, with full con- 
trol of its legal department, which position he 
still holds. 

Colonel Blodgett's magnificent services during 
the war have been recently recognized, and he 
is in possession of a medal awarded him for 
exceptional bravery. 

Rkvburn, V.\LLK, son of Thomas and Juliet 
( Valle) Reyburn, was born in St. Louis, March 
20, 185;:5. He was educated at the St. Louis 
University, and having graduated in 1!S71 
entered the office of Sharp & Broadhead, as a law 
student. He remained for several years with 
this firm, and was with them at the time of the 
death of Mr. Sharp and the consequent dissolu- 
tion of the firm. 

Mr. Re\buru was admitted to the bar in 187o, 
and his connection with Sharp &; Broadhead 
thus terminating, he practiced alone until 1882, 
when he associated himself with Mr. Samuel 
Herman, since deceased. Mr. Reyburn later 
entered into partnership with Frederick N. Jud- 
son, the firm name being Judson S: Reyburn, 
which was dissolved in January, 1891. Since 
that period Mr. Reyburn has practiced alone. 
He has a large connection in commercial circles 
and is well known as a lawyer among the busi- 
ness men of St. Louis, and has achieved distinction 
in his profession, especially in the department 
embracing real estate interests. He is popular 
in both business and social circles, and is fre- 
quently spoken of as a man fit for high judicial 
honors. 

In June, 1.S.S.1, Mr. Reyburn married ^liss 
Marceline Randolph, of Louisiana. He has 
three sons, the oldest named after him, and two 
younger sons, John and Thomas. 




Tn^, M.(\i-^ 



Y^x 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



299 



Paxson, Alkred Allkx, was boni at Win- 
chester, Scott county, Illinois, December 10, 
1844. He laid the foundation for a thorough, 
classical education by attending the cunnnon 
schools of his native county until he was quali- 
fied to teach. He then taught school until he 
had made mone\- enough to enter college, which 
he did in the fall of 18(54, entering the Fresh- 
man Class of Illinois College at Jacksonville. 
After a four years' classical course he graduated 
at the head of his class in ISdS, and then came 
to this city where 
his father was in 
charge of the depos- 
itory of the Ameri- 
can vSunday School 
Unii)n. 

Ha\ing decided to 
adopt the legal pro- 
fe s s i o n , yoii n g 
Paxson began the 
study of law while 
acting as clerk and 
book-keeper for his 
father, reading at 
night and working 
d u ri ng the day. 
After two years of 
study and attending 
the lectures in the 
law department of 
Washington Univer- 
sity, he graduated in 
May, l.S7(l, and was 
admitted to the bar. 

.\fter practicing law in this city until the spring 
of IN?;}, he removed to Texas on account of 
failing health. He remained there nearly four 
years, practicing law during the time. He did 
an extensive practice, principally in the criminal 
courts. He displayed such signal abilit\- in 
this branch of the law that he was appointed 
district attorney by Judge M. H. Bonner, who 




ALFRED ALLEN PAXSON. 



regained his health he returned to St. Louis in 
March, 1877, and devoted himself to the practice 
of law, doing an extensive business, both in the 
civil and criminal courts, until April, lfS91, 
when he was appointed judge of the Second 
Di.strict Police Court of this city by IMayor 
E. A. Noonan, which position he now holds. 

Mr. Paxson was married October 8, 187;^, to 

Miss Julia L. Hart, of St. Louis, who was the 

daughter of Harrison E. Hart, colonel of the 

Twenty-second Illinois Infantry, and who died 

in l.S(;;i while in the 

ser\-ice. 

While in Texas 
their first-born child, 
a daughter named 
Sallie, died. The 
l)od\- was brought to 
Alton, Illinois, and 
lies in the cemetery 
at that place. They 
now have fotir chil- 
dren living — Nellie, 
Harry, Pryor and 
Ruth'. 

Mr. Paxson is a 
prominent member 
of the Independent 
Order of Odd Fel- 
lows, of the Supreme 
Council of the Le- 
gion of Honor, being 
one of the represent- 
atives from Excel- 
sior Council, No. 17, 
> American Legion 
s a Presbvterian; in 



.f tl 



and also a member 
of Honor. In religio: 
politics, a Democrat. 

A sketch of Judge Paxson without a reference 
to his parents, and to the life-work of his distin- 
guished father, would be incomplete. Stephen 
Paxson, the father of Judge Paxson, was born 
at New Lisbon, Ohio, November 3, 1808. His 
has since been a member of the Supreme Court mother was Sarah (Pryor) Paxson, and was a 
of Texas. nativeof Tennessee. During the last forty \ears 

While in Texas Mr. Paxson was elected county of his life, Stephen Paxson was a Sunday school 
superintendent of Public Schools. Having missionary, and traveled through the Western 



300 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



States ill the interest of the American Snnday 
School Union, and was known and beloved by 
thousands of people throuo^hoiit the West and 
South. He died in this city, April i'l, ISSl, 
and rests in Bellefontaine cemetery. 

Claiborne, Jame.s Robert, was born in 
Franklin county, Virginia, August 5, 1840. 
He was the son of Nathaniel H. and Elizabeth 
Archer ( Binford ) Claiborne. His father was a 
representative in the Congress of the United 
States from 1820 to 1S40. 

James Robert received his education in the 
common schools of his native county. After 
leaving school he engaged in farming until the 
beginning of the civil war, in 18til, when he 
enlisted as a private in Company D, Second 
Regiment Virginia Cavalry, and took part with 
his regiment in nearly all the battles fought by 
the army of Northern Virginia, and was slighth- 
wounded in a skirmish on the Loudon & Hamp- 
shire Railroad. When the war ended, he was 
colonel of the Thirty-seventh Regiment \'ir- 
ginia Cavalry. 

He came to Missoiiri in 186(), and was licensed 
to practice law by Judge Moodey of the Circuit 
Court, and formed a partnership with his 
brother, Colonel Nathaniel C. Claiborne, which 
continued until 188;-}, when he was appointed 
prosecuting attorney of the Criminal Court, on 
the death of Samuel Erskine. He served in this 
position until 1887, when he was elected to the 
same office for the term of four years. At the 
end of this term, after serving for eight years as 
prosecutor, he was elected judge of the Court of 
Criminal Correction on the Democratic ticket, 
receiving the largest majority ever given any 
one elected to that office. His term of office 
will expire in December, 1894. 

Judge Claiborne was elected to the State Sen- 
ate in 187(i, and ser\-ed for four years. In addi- 
tion to the political offices he has held, he has 
been chosen j^resident of the Ex-Confederate 
Association of Missouri, a society composed of 
30,000 surviving veterans of the late Confed- 
erate army, and also president of the St. Louis 
Historical and Benevolent Association, com- 



posed of ex-Confederates. He is a member of 
the Legion of Honor, the Knights of Honor, 
the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the 
^'alle\• Council of the Royal Arcanum. 

Delano, Rufus J., one of the most talented 
attorneys and conspicuous political leaders of 
St. Louis, was born at Dayton, Ohio, May 10, 
1854. He is the son of William J. and Eleanor 
(Odlin) Delano. His mother died at Memphis 
when he was but three years old, while his 
father was, before the war, one of the proprie- 
tors of the Bee at New Orleans, where he died. 

After the death of his mother, Rufus, with 
his brothers, was sent to St. Louis relatives, 
under whose care he grew up. When properly 
prepared he entered Washington University, 
where he graduated in 1872, having specially 
fitted himself in civil engineering. He after- 
ward concluded that he was better adapted to 
the law. He accordingly took a three-years' 
course at the St. Louis Law School, and, subse- 
quent to his admission to practice by Judge 
Alex. Hamilton, went to work for Garland & 
(yreen as a clerk: 

After two years in this capacity, he opened an 
office for practice, and since, during a course of 
fifteen }'ears, he has earned both reputation and 
money as a gifted lawyer. His practice has 
been mostly civil, and he has made a specialty 
within the field of corporation and theatrical 
business. He is an influential leader in the 
councils of the Republican party, and in 1888-89, 
while chairman of the Republican Central Com- 
mittee, was the means of harmonizing the fac- 
tions of the party which had been at enmit>- for 
years. 

Mr. Delano was married to Augusta, daughter 
of Mr. August Nedderhut, of St. Louis, October 
14, ISSIi. They have two children, Rufus J., 
Jr., and Eleanor. 

Mr. Delano takes quite a prominent interest 
in athletic sports of a high-toned character, and 
as president of the Pastime Athletic Club he 
brought that organization to the front and made 
it known as one of the leading athletic clubs of 
the West. 



BIOGRAPIIIL AL APPENDIX. 



801 



Th 



Vai.mant, Lkroy B., son of Denton Hurlock 
and Xarcissa (Kilpatrick) Valliant, was born at 
Moulton, Alabama, June 14, 1838. In the pa- 
ternal line he is of the Valliant and Ilnrlock 
families of Maryland origin. The first .Vnieri- 
can ancestor of the Valliant, or \'aliant, family 
( the name is spelled either way in different 
branches) was John Valliant, an En<:;lishman, 
who came to the Colonies a yonth in lli.').S and 
settled in Caroline count\-, Mar\-land, where 
many of his descendants still 
father of John Vall- 
iant was a French- 
man, Jean \'aillant, 
who emigrated from 
France during the 
reign of Louis XI\'. 
and settled and mar- 
ried in L o n d o n , 
where liis name be- 
came anglicized from 
\'aillant to Valliant. 

The Hurlock fam- 
ily spring from Jon- 
athan Hurlock, an 
Englishman, who 
came to the Colonies 
in 171C. and settled 
in .Maryland, where 
man\- of his descend- 
ants still reside, 
chiefi\- in Dorches- 
ter count\- and in 
Dahimore. In the 
maternal line the 

subject of this sketch is of a Tennessee family, 
Kilpatrick, which is of Scotch-Irish origin. 

Ivcroy B. Valliant was educated at the Uni- 
\ersity of Mississippi, where he gradiuited in 
l!^.')*). He then entered the Cumberland Uni- 
versity Law School, at Lebanon, Tennessee, 
where he graduated in LS.'i.S, and was admitted 
to the bar in Oreenville, Mississippi, in !''>'>'.•. 
He commenced practice at Greenville, but the 
war breaking out soon afterward, he gave u]) 
his profession for the time-being and entered 
the Confederate army as a lieutenant, and after- 



LEROV B. VALLIANT 



wards became captain of Company I, Twenty- 
second Mississippi Regiment, which regiment 
he commanded in the battle of Shiloh after all 
its field officers had been killed or wounded. 
He was also in other engagements. After his 
war experience he returned to Greenville and 
resumed practice, remaining in that city until 
November, 1874:, building up a large practice 
and earning the respect and admiration of his 
fellow-citizens. 

In the winter of LST-l-Tf) Mr. \'alliant came 
to St. Louis, where 
he commenced the 
practice of law. His 
talents attracted gen- 
eral attention, and 
he soon took his 
position in the first 
rank of the vSt. Louis 
bar. As a promi- 
nent Democrat and 
a \er)' able orator, 
he became in great 
fa\or with his party, 
ar.d in 18S(i he was 
nominated for a 
judgeship in the Cir- 
cuit Court. He was 
elected in November 
of that )ear and took 
his seat at the be- 
ginning of 1887. 

' The court over 

which he was chosen 
to preside is one of 
the highest courts of original juri-sdiction in 
the State, and located in a great city, the char- 
acter of litigation that has come before Judge 
Valliant has been of the highest importance, 
invol\-ing not only large property interests, but 
also cjuestions of State and municipal govern- 
ment. In discharging these arduous and re- 
sponsible duties, he has achieved a high repu- 
tation and e.Kerted great influence in shaping 
the policy of our laws. 

When his first term of si.x years was drawing 
to a close, the Democratic convention nominated 



4xii^ 



802 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



him by acclamation for re-election. The St. 
Louis bar, with great unanimity and regardless 
of politics, supported him, and at the general 
election in 1892, although the city of St. Louis 
was carried by the Republicans on both State 
and national tickets, Judge Valliant was re- 
elected by 5,000 majority. He is now serving 
his second term. He ranks among our most 
public-spirited citizens, and is always ready to 
respond when called upon to assist in any 
movement of importance or public concern. 

Judge Valliant married in October, 1H(;2, 
Miss Theodosia Taylor Worthington, daughter 
of Judge Isaac Worthington, of Washington 
county, Mississippi, a soldier of the war of 1S12 
and the son of a soldier of the Revolution. 
Mrs. Valliant, in the maternal line, is of the 
Payne and Taylor families of Kentucky. Judge 
and Mrs. Valliant have three talented sons, 
Frank W., a graduate of the School of Mines 
at Rolla, Missouri, and now in practice as a 
civil engineer; John W., recently graduated at 
Princeton, and is now a member of the St. 
Louis bar; and Leroy W., who has not yet com- 
pleted his edtication or chosen his vocation. 

Bell, Leverett, was born at Lewiston, New 
York, May 2(i, 1836. Hisparents were Jonathan 
and Mary Leverett ( Leonard ) Bell. He attended 
the common schools at his birth-place until he 
was fifteen years, when his parents moved to 
Detroit, ^Michigan, in 1S,')1, where he went to 
public school for a few mouths. 

When sixteen years old, he decided to become 
a civil engineer, and obtained employment with 
a railroad company as a "rod-man" and aided 
in making several railroad surveys through 
Michigan. In 1855 he came to Missouri and 
entered the services of the Missouri Pacific Rail- 
road as assistant engineer; was sent to Rolla, 
this State, where he remained for a \ear and 
a half. 

He then returned to Detroit and read law in 
the office and under the direction of Wilcox & 
(iray. He was admitted to the bar in the spring 
of 1<S5(), and then came to St. Lotiis, where he 
was admitted to the bar the same spring and 



entered on the practice at once. In 18()0 he 
formed a partnership with Alexander Martin, 
which continiied until INliM, when he entered 
the military service of the United States, and 
was assigned to the engineering corps. He 
remained in the service until the summer of 
18(i5, and then resumed the practice of law in 
this city. In 1875 he formed a partnership with 
William B. Thompson, which continued for 
two years. 

Mr. Bell was appointed city counselor in 
1><75, which ofhce he resigned the following 
year. He was reappointed in 1«77 and held the 
office continuously until the expiration of his 
last term in May, 1891, having been reappointed 
under the various city administrations during a 
period of fourteen years. Since retiring from 
the office which he filled with distinguished 
ability, Mr. Bell has devoted himself to the 
practice of his profession. 

Mr. Bell married, in March, Lsli'S^ ^Irs. Lena 
Holmes (nee Barnard), of Detroit, Michigan. 
They have three children — ^ilargaret, Elizabeth 
and Florence. 

Skixker, Thom.\S K., son of Thomas and 
Jane (Neilson) Skinker, was born in St. Louis 
county, June 9, 1845. He attended private 
school at the residence of Judge Edward Bates, 
and also Webster College, on the site of the 
present Orphan Home at Webster Grove. He 
then went through a six years' course at the 
Washington University, graduating in the class 
of lS()o with such prominent men as Henry W. 
Elliott, Juo. T. Davis, William R. Donaldson, 
Chester H. Krum, Juo. P. Collier and Jas. S. 
Waters. After leaving the university he at- 
tended the law school of \'irginia and studied 
law under John B. Minor. 

He was admitted to the bar in St. Louis 
September 2S, lS(i7, and entered into partner- 
ship with William R. Donaldson, establishing 
the firm of Donaldson &: Skinker. The firm 
was dissolved in 1872, and for the last twenty 
vears Mr. Skinker has been in practice alone. 
He has proved a very able and successful lawyer 
and his record is a very interesting one. He is 



Bl( X.RA PHIL A L A PPENP/X. 



303 



now a director of the Law Library Association 
of St. Louis; director of the Fort Worth Light 
and Power Company, of Fort Worth, Texas; 
secretary and treasurer of the Clayton and 
Forest Park Railway Company; director of the 
Orchard Mining Company, of Joplin, Missouri, 
and is connected with many other enterprises. 
For eight years Mr. Skinker was reporter of the 
Supreme Court of Missouri and published the 
able reports of that court from \^olunies sixty- 
five to eighty. 

He married in the year IHliii Miss .\dela 
Bertha Rives, of Charlottesville, Virginia. 

]Mr. Skinker's legal record is a splendid one. 
The Supreme Court reports already referred to as 
having been published by him, are looked upon 
throughout the United States as among the 
most carefully compiled reports ever issued. 
The decisions are admirably reprodticed, and 
the cases cited are so arranged as to make refer- 
ence to them easy and pleasant. 

Mr. Skinker has handled cases involving the 
title to large tracts of laud and the ownership 
of immense sums of moue}-, and his clients 
ha\e been able to leave their interests entirely 
in his hands without a second thought as to 
how they would be conducted. He is conscien- 
tious as well as clever, and is as careful not to 
take an unfair advantage as he is to prevent an 
unfair advantage to be taken of him. He is 
one of the best read men in the State, and is 
able to decide off-hand intricate questions with- 
out danger of his opinions being upset in any 
court. He is also an exceptionally popular 
citizen of St. Louis. He has never been called 
upon in vain to assist in any public enterprise, 
and he is now identified with the building of a 
railroad to connect the county seat of vSt. Louis 
county with the city of St. Louis, an enterprise 
which will enhance the value of property to the 
extent of millions of dollars and open up for 
residence purposes one of the loveliest tracts of 
land to be found in America. 

He resides in a house on what is known as 
"Skinker Boule\ard," this being the house in 
which he was born. The last increase in the 
city's boundaries took in a portion of the house 



which is now divided by the boundary line of 
St. Louis county, the judge sleeping in both the 
city and the county every night. 

Dillon, Judge Daniel. — Entitled to rank as 
one of the leaders of a brilliant and distinguished 
bar, who, both as advocate and expounder, has 
demonstrated a profound conception of the in- 
tricate and delicate bearings of the science of 
law, is he whose biography is here briefly 
given. Judge Dillon is a self-made man, and 
throughout life has never failed to appreciate 
the necessity of full dependence on self, a reli- 
ance which has unquestionably proved one of 
the chief factors of his success. What such in- 
dustry, courage and determination have attained 
for him is calculated to encourage young men 
who aspire to success in every walk of life, but 
especially can his example be applied with 
truth and exactness to those striving for success 
in the law. 

As a struggling youth, as a student, as a sol- 
dier, as a practicing attorney, and as a judge on 
the bench, he has a record without a blot. B\- 
his genial and unassuming manner, and his 
marked ability, he has won thousands of friends 
and a judicial reputation of which he may well 
be proud. While a man of strong convictions, 
no one has ever impugned Judge Dillon's 
absolute fairness and impartiality while on the 
bench. He is possessed of the "judicial mind" 
in a remarkable degree, and his decisions bear 
all the indications that every point of the case 
has been nicely weighed and that the decision is 
a fair and a just one. 

Judge Daniel Dillon was born in St. Louis, 
September 2(i, 1X41. Both his father and his 
mother, Philip and Margaret ( Kelly ) Dillon, 
were natives of Ireland. When Daniel was 
about four years old the father, who was a fanner, 
decided to settle with his family in Jefferson 
county, this State. Here the .son was educated, 
attending the district school, and afterward 
teaching Jefferson county schools for two terms. 
The finishing courses of his education were ob- 
tained at the Christian Brothers' College, St. 
Louis, and he was just about to graduate when 



304 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



the civil war broke out. He quit his books, and 
in August, 1<S(;2, enlisted as a private in Com- 
pany A, Thirtieth Missouri Volunteer Infantry. 
He was among the troops at the siege of Vicks- 
burg, served part of the time with Sherman's 
army, and was in many of the liard-fought l)at- 
tles of the Mississippi \'alley. Remaining in 
the army until the close of the war, he was 
mustered out in May, 18()(i, with the rank of 
captain. 

Directly after this event he returned to vSt. 
Louis with the determination to fit himself for 
the bar and to make this city his home. He 
began by reading law privately and in the 
office of Coonley & Madill, and on the opening 
of the St. Louis Law School, in the fall of 18(i7, 
he became a member of the first class, attended 
two terms and graduated in 18(59, having been 
admitted to the bar in 18(i8. Then he formed a 
partnership with John W. Dryden, for law ]3rac- 
tice, which later was followed by a partnership 
with Peter J. Taafe. In 1870 he entered the 
office of Judge Madill, succeeding to a portion 
of the latter's practice wlien he was elected 
judge of the Circuit Court. In 1884 he yielded 
to the solicitation of his friends and became a 
candidate on the Democratic ticket for judge of 
the Circuit Court of St. Louis. The public's 
confidence in his legal capacity was shown by 
his overwhelming election for a term of six years. 
So well did he fill the requirements of that 
responsible office, that at the expiration of his 
term in 1890 he was again elected and is at pres- 
ent occupying the bench. 

Judge Dillon was married in October, 1873, to 
Miss Mary Jane Fox, daughter of William and 
Hannah (Glennon) Fox. They have four sons 
and two daughters — ^John, Paul, William, Helen, 
Daniel and Marie, all bright and promising 
children. 

Keber, John Benjamin, son of Michael and 
Eliza (Kern) Keber, was born on May Ki, 18(i:^, 
in St. Louis. His father is a well-known citi- 
zen of the city, and his mother is the daughter 
of the late John Kern, who was one of the 
founders and president of the St. Louis Mutual 



Fire and Marine Insurance Company until his 
death in 185(1. 

Dr. Keber received an excellent education, 
first in the Christian Brothers' College, and then 
at the St. Louis University, graduating from 
the latter institution in June, 1880, with the 
degree of A.B., and the highest honors of his 
class. A few months later he entered the St. 
Louis Medical College, where he studied for 
three years, securing the degree of M.D. in 
March, 1883. His first appointment was as 
assistant physician to the Alexian Brothers' Hos- 
pital, which was soon followed by that of assist- 
ant editor of the .S7. l^ouis Medical and Surgical 
Journal. 

Concluding to make the treatment of skin 
diseases his specialty, he went to Europe in 
l''<84, with the view of studying his subject 
under the most favorable conditions, and spent 
four years under the most famous dermatologists 
of the Old World. He was matriculated for vary- 
ing periods at the University of Strassburg, 
Heidelberg, Berlin, Prague, Vienna and Paris, 
the greatest portion of his time, however, being 
passed in Prague and Vienna. Availing him- 
self to the utmost of his unusual opportunities, 
he became an accomplished dermatologist, and, 
in 1888, returned to St. Louis. 

Commencing practice again, his scientific at- 
tainments soon gained for him an enviable repu- 
tation, among his confreres as well as the general 
public. A few weeks after his return he was 
appointed assistant to the chair of dermatology 
in the St. Louis Post-Graduate School of Medi- 
cine, resigning that position in the summer of 
1890, when he was tendered the professorship 
of skin diseases in the Beaumont Hospital Med- 
ical College, which he accepted and now holds. 
Later on he was also elected to the office of 
secretary of the faculty. In June, 1890, Dr. 
Keber received the degree of A.M. from the 
St. Louis Universit\-. He is consulting derma- 
tologist to the Alexian Brothers' Hospital, Mis- 
souri Pacific Railway system and St. Mary's In- 
firmary; a member of the St. Louis Medical 
and other societies, and has made for himself a 
place in the front rank of the profession. 



BiO(,R. irnrc.if. app/lyp/x. 



()()\A\, RoiiKRT M., is a iiati\f St. I.ouisan, 
Hi; hftii lioni in tliis cit\- Xoveniber !», 1S.'>4. 
iiidllur, l)cf(iic her iiiarria>;e, was .Sarah 
mmi, ami liis father was Thomas Noonaii, 
cif vSt. Lduis' i)ld-tiine Inisiiiess leaders, and 
lor nuun- years was the head of tlic lars^e 
lesale queensware and china store on Main 
■t, opposite tlie old \'irginia Hotel. 

ated at the St. Louis 
stitutiun 
It fifteen 



Xi 



rslt^ 



Jle., 

i.i; at that ti 



at the 
ited from that 



after lea\"in.y; collej^^e 
the .Missonri Pacific 
l\.ailwa>- offered him 
a ])hice, which he ac- 
cepted. His quick- 
ness and adaptabilit>- 
to the business soon 
made itself apparent, 
and he received nu- 
merous promotions 
at the hands of the 
superior officers of 
the corporation, and 
when he left the em- 
ploy of the road nine 
years after he entered 
it, he was holdinc^ a 
responsible and lu- 
crative ofTrce. He 
went next to the 
liauk of Commerce, 
where he accepted a 



After a few years' connection with the l)auk 
he kft it and entered the real estate business 
with his brother, Thomas S. Noonan. When 
the latter died, Robert assumed control of the 
business, and has conducted it ever since. 

Mr. Xnouau is \-ery popular with all his 
])atn)us, and his affable and courteous manner 
has been an important factor of his success. 
His pecuniary success during the four years just 
passed has been phenomenal, as by strict atten- 
ti(ni to business and a keen business iusiglit, he 
has cleared between $75,000 and $100,000. He 
20 




is still a young man, and considering his busi- 
ness acumen, he gives promise of becoming a 
millionaire once, twice, or three times over be- 
fore he has reached the half century mark. He 
numbers among his clients some of the wealth- 
iest real property holders and largest estates in 
St. Louis, and has a chain of corresponding 
agents in all the large cities of the country. 

Mr. Xoonan was married on March ^.'), ISDl, 
to Miss Maud Henr\-, the daughter of William 
Henry of the Wm. liarr Dry ( ".oods Company, and 
has one daughter. 

W.M.KKR, RoiiKKT, 

son of Joseph and 
Sarah ( Thompson ) 
Walker, was born in 
Monroe county, Illi- 
nois, January .'il, 
bSi;.'). At that time 
his father, Mr. Jo- 
seph Walker, was 
the owner of a \'ahi- 
able farm in Monroe 
county, and Rob- 
ert's early da\s were 
s])ent on the farm. 
His parents, how- 
e\er, moved into St. 
Louis wdien he was 
(|uite young, and he 
had the benefit of a 
first-class education 
'^oo^'^'^- in private and public 

schools of this city. 
He then took a course at the Bryant & vStratton 
Business College. 

His first experience was in the establishment 
of Crawford .^ Company, as clerk, a position he 
filled to the satisfaction of his employers for a 
period of upwards of two \ears. In l.S,S7 his 
father, the proprietor of the Hotel Barnum, felt 
the need of a working partner and assistant, and 
he accordingly offered Robert an interest in the 
business, with the position of manager. The 
offer was accepted, and during the last five years 
the active management of this iwpular house 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



has been vested in Mr. Robert Walker. Tlie 
Hotel Barnum combines, to a marked degree, 
all the advantages of a first-class house, with 
moderate charges, and hundreds of drummers 
make it their headquarters when in the city. 
There is an air of home-life about the Hotel 
Iiarunm which insures the continuance of its 
popularit\- and success, and the management is 
so good that e\'er\-thing runs smoothly, as a 
matter of course. 

Young Mr. Walker is an enthusiastic member 
of the Order of the Knights of I^•thias. 

(iKHXHR, August, sou of Conrad and ]\Iary 
( Hehman ) Gehner, was born in Hanover, (ier- 
mau\', September 1!S, l!S4t). He received the 
rudiments of his education in the schools of his 
native city, and when he was thirteen years of 
age his parents emigrated with him to America, 
settling in St. Louis. Here young August again 
took up his studies, attending the (German In- 
stitute for two >-ears, the close of his school 
term being marked by the breaking out of the 
ci\-il war. Although still of the school-boy 
age, he was fired with enthusiasm and patriot- 
ism for his adopted country, and enlisted in 
Battalion L., First Missouri Artillery. During 
his term of enlistment he was in many hard- 
fought battles, among them the battles of Prairie 
(jrove and Pea Ridge. He was a stayer, as well 
as a fighter, and continued in ser\'ice up to the 
end of the war, and was finalh' nuistered out at 
St. Louis. 

He then began to look about for means to 
earn a living. He had, in his school da}"s, 
shown a remarkable aptness at drawing, and 
a position being offered as draftsman in the 
surveyor-general's office, he accejated the place, 
and this finally led him into the present abstract 
business. After continuing for three years in 
this connection, he next accepted the position 
of clerk in the office of Hurk & O'Reilley, ab- 
stracters of titles. His term (jf service with 
this firm was also for three years, at the end of 
which time he set up an abstract ofl^ce of his 
own. This was in 1^>(>8, and the location of the 
business was at Third and Pine, then the center 



of the real estate district of St. Louis. As the 
cit>- grew westward, Mr. Gehner moved to Pine, 
near Sixth, and then again to (il(3 Chestnut, and 
finally, when the Wainwright Building was 
completed in 1«!I8, he fitted up elegant offices 
therein, establishing what are likely to be his 
permanent headquarters. His firm has examined 
and has abstracts of almost every piece of proj)- 
erty in the city. It is considered one of the 
most reliable and best equipped abstract and 
title establishments in St. Louis, and in this 
respect the business partakes of the character- 
istics (.)f the proprietor. 

\\'hile the abstract business conducted by Mr. 
(iehner is one of the most important in the cit\', 
he has become best known to the financial 
world through his connection with the German- 
American Bank. A comparison shows this to 
be one of the most solid banks in St. Louis, and 
beyond question the first dividend-paying bank 
in the cit\-. The stockholders all realize that 
this condition must be credited to the wise 
counsel and excellent management of the l)ank's 
l^resident, Mr. Gehner. He is looked upon in 
every business circle where he is known as a 
financier of the wisest judgment and highest 
talent, and various companies and corporations 
ha\-e availed themselves of his advice. He is a 
director of the Mississipjn \'alle\' Trust Com- 
pany, of the Cyerman United Fire Insurance 
Company, and is the treasurer of tFie company 
erecting the new §1,000,000 hotel, besides other 
companies. Socially, he is prominently indenti- 
fied as a member with the St. Louis Club. He 
was married to Miss ]\Iinna Wehniiller, of .St. 
Louis, in 1^70. They luue two children, a boy 
and a girl, named Albert and Pauline. 

It may be said with truth that Mr. (Teliuer 
would be accorded a place in a list of a dozen 
most prominent citizens of St. Louis should 
any one conversant with the affairs of St. Louis 
attempt to compile such a list. Mr. Gehner is 
a man of great teuacit\- of purpose, and of 
great will-power and force of character. He is 
not a seeker after popularity, and does not hesi- 
tate to oppose in an outspoken manner that 
which he conceives to be error. 





r 




ni( M,R. !/'///(. : u. . \i'ri:Xiux. 



307 



Mii.i.KK, L. Cass, son of John H. and \'ii-.L;inia 
Soninurxillc ( Ilarnflt ) Miller, was l)orn at l-red- 
fiickshnro, \'iii;inia, October 1."), |,s;)(i, and was 
edncaled in a private school in his native State. 
He then went to Washington, I). C, where he 
attended the High Grammar School, after which 
he went to Europe and studied in the (roxern- 
nient Architectnral School of hjigland. He 
returned from luirope in 1S7'.I and located in 
Xew York City, where he studied and practiced 
in the office of Mr. Stephen I). Hatch. 

After four \-ears of 
work in Mr. Hatch's 
office he was admit- 
ted to partuershi]\ 
hut in the same \ear 
( 1 !S.s;> ) was attracted 
hy the possibilities 
for a first-class arch- 
itect in the West, 
and came to St. 
Louis. His reputa- 
tion had preceded 
him, and he experi- 
enced no difficulty in 
securing remunera- 
ti\e and responsible 
commissions. 

While in Xew 
\'ork he had super- 
intended the con- 
st met i(.)n of such 
buildings as the Mur- 
rav Hill Hotel, the 
Liverpool, London 

and (ilobe Building, and the I.oreel P>uilding; 
and his St. Louis record is e\en nuire credita- 
ble. The Laclede lUiilding is looked upon by 
\'isitors to the city as one of the best planned 
buildings in the West. 

The design was .Mr. Milkr's. and he superin- 
Uuded its execution with the care and ])recision 
which marks every commission he undertakes. 
The costlv residence houses of Mr. William 
P.agnall and Mr. Clarence O'l-allon mav be 
quoted exam]iK-s of his fine work in ])ii\ate 
dwelling-houses, while those who have sto]iped 




L. CASS niLI.ER 



at theCrasconade Ilotel, Lebanon, Missouri, will 
be interested to know that tlie building was 
planuL-d l)v Mr. Miller, and erected under his 
su])er\isiou. 

^h-. .Miller does not follow old and tedious 
lines or ideas in his work, but carefulh- thinks 
out new designs, studies laboriously o\er the 
details, and succeeds e\-ery time in exolving 
something at once unique, economical and com- 
prehensi\-e. 

He married Miss Katie (L Pitcher, of St. 
fvouis, in ].S<s;i, and 
has two children, 
X'irginia (icrtrnde 
and Douglas War- 
wick. 

X.A.PTOX, Ch.a.s. 
McCluxg, was born 
at the country home 
known as Elk Hill, 
in Saline county, 
Missouri, being the 
son of Judge Will- 
iam P). and .Malinda 
I Williams ) Xapton. 
He was educated in 
the High School of 
.St. Louis, Westmin- 
ster College at Eul- 
ton, Missouri, and 
the rni\ersity of 
\'irginia. He left 
the l'ui\ersit>' in 
ISIUI and returned to 
Saline conntv . He taught school and .studied 
law during the ne.xt two years, reading law 
with Col. .Samuel lioyd. Judge .Strother aiul 
Lewis W. .Miller. He was admitted to the bar 
in lS71,and immediately came to St. Louis and 
entered on the practice of law, and has been 
here e\er since, engaged in the general ci\-il 
])ractice. He was assistant attorney for the 
St. Louis cK: .San Francisco Railroad for huir 
\ears, and in that capacit\' became con\ersant 
with the railroad and corporation law. 

Mr. Xapton is president of the Western 



OLD .iXD \/i\\' ST. /.Or/S. 



Economic Association, a society organized for 
the diffusion of useful information upon economic 
questions, and it was through its efforts that the 
census of 1890 was made to contain statistics of 
farm mortgages. He is unmarried. 

Copi', vSami'KI., son of Samuel and Phoebe 
(Theall) Copp, was born in Sharon county, 
Connecticut, February m, bsHi. Mr. Copp, Sr., 
was a native of Stonington, and ^Irs. Copp was 
born in New York City. Young Samuel was 
educated in the district schools at Mystic, Con- 
necticut. .\t the age of fifteen he went to 
Syracuse, New York. Three years later, in the 
year 1!S;^;5, he came to vSt. Louis, which was 
then a fiontier town of about 6,')()() inhabitants. 

Mr. Copp's first work here was in the dry 
goods establishment of Brewster &: Loouiis, and 
he confined his attention to merchandise until 
the \ear 1X4;>, when he engaged in the com- 
mission and chemical business. After seven 
\-ears of \-ery successful work in this line he 
retired and was appointed by the directors as 
secretary and treasurer of the Pacific Railway, 
when that road was being constructed, at which 
period Mr. Thos. Allen was the president. Not 
only was Mr. Cupp the first secretar\- of the first 
railroad established and l)uilt west of the Mis- 
sissip]")i, but he was also a member of the part\- 
which rode on the first trip made b\' a locomo- 
tive on the newly-constructed line. 

Mr. Copp continued in this position until the 
year IH-lcS, when he retired and established the 
pri\-ate banking business of Allen, Copp & 
Xisbett. The firm was a very substantial and 
prosperous one, and it continued intact until 
l'S7<i, when the partnership was dissolved, the 
members deciding to retire permanently from 
active commercial life. So far as Mr. Copp was 
concerned, the rest was of short duration, for in 
I'STT he was persuaded to accept the position as 
secretary and treasurer of the Bellefontaine 
Cemetery .\ssociatinn, which position he still 
holds. 

He married in 1<S4;5 Miss Sarah A. Chappell, 
of Baltimore, Maryland. He has had six chil- 
dren, of whom two daughters are living, one of 



them being the wife of Joh 
cashier of the State Bank. 



H. McClunev. 



Ellekbrock, Herman Auciust, was born in 
(Germany on .\ugust '2'2, l.s.")i, hjs parents being 
Frederick and Johanna ( Bilgrim ) Ellerbrock. 
In the land where he was born, he spent his 
vouth and early manhood, receiving his educa- 
tion from the splendid schools of that countr\-. 
When his education was considered complete, 
he was apprenticed by his parents to the baker 
and pastry trade, and spent eight years in learn- 
ing the business, thus gaining a com]ilete 
knowledge of all its details thoroughly. After 
his apprenticeship was finished several years 
were spent in mastering the art of the cand\- 
uiaker, and he then spent a number of years 
traveling through Germany, Austria and France, 
working at his trade in the various cities of 
these countries. He then came to America. 
Upon reaching St. Louis he accepted a position 
with the Blanke Bros. Candy Company, remain- 
ing with the firm for seven years. Recognizing 
his worth as a candy-maker, the St. Louis Candy 
Company made him a hrcrative offer, which he 
accepted. In LSild he made another change, 
connecting himself with the W'enneker & Morris 
Candy Company, of which he was made the 
secretary. This office he still holds. 

]\Ir. P^llerbrock married ^liss Louisa Smith, of 
Chicago, Illinois, April 2.'), 1<S7."), and they have 
seven children — Fred, Julius, August, (lussie, 
Annie, L}dia and Louisa. 

Boyle, Wilbur F'., was born in \'irginia, 
-Vugust 20, 1S4(). His father was Rev. Joseph 
Boyle, D.D., and his mother, before her mar- 
riage, was Miss Emeline Gist. His parents 
came to St. Louis in 1842, but his father's call- 
ing caused the family to move from place to 
place, so that his education was acquired at 
various schools, Asbury University at Green- 
castle, Indiana, being the last he attended. 

He read law and the Hon. Edward Bates was 
his preceptor for a time. He was admitted to 
thebar Januar\- 1, US(i.S, in this city, and at once 
entered upon a successful and lucrative practice. 



nioGRAPHfc. //. . I />/>/■:. \'nfx. 



At the o;eneral election in Xoveiiiber, IfSTii, 
lie was elected a judge of the Circuit Court of 
St. Ivouis, for the term of six years, and dis- 
charged the grave and responsible duties of that 
office in a manner alike credital^le to himself and 
satisfactory to the bar and the public. During 
the summer of ISS:^ he made known his inten- 
tion to decline a second term, and an effort was 
made by the leading members of the bar of St. 
fvouis to induce him to change his determination. 
A highly flattering and complimentary request 
was made upon him to accept tlie office for a 
second term. This request, which was in the 
form of a testimonial to his ability, fairness and 
u])rightness as a judge, was signed by all of the 
most prominent members of the bar of this city, 
irrespective of political predilections, but feeling 
that the compensation of the office was inade- 
quate to the needs of those depending on him for 
support, he declined the office and resumed the 
practice of law on the 1st day of January, ISS.'J. 
From IS.S.") to ISIH he was the senior member 
of the firm of Ik)\de, Adams & -McKeighau. 
This jKU'tnership was dissolved in ISH:^, and 
Judges Boyle and Adams formed the present firm 
of Hoyle S: Adams. 

Judge Boyle married in l.S(;4 ;\Iiss Fannie I^. 
l^rother. They have two children. 

Arxoi.I), Hkxrv, son of Carl I^ouis and 
Christina Arnold, was born in ('Terman\- in the 
year 1S41I. He was educated in the public 
schools near his home and the High School in 
Darmstadt, and came to this country when he 
was quite a boy. In tlie \ear 18(i(i, shorth' 
after the close of the war, Mr. Arnold settled in 
St. IvOuis and became connected with the firm 
of J. (r. Haas ^ Company, which was doing 
business in the manufacture of soap on a small 
scale, having been established in l.Sf!;>. In the 
year 1S74 Mr. Arnold became interested in the 
firm, taking charge of the interest of his father- 
in-law, .Mr. J. fi. Haas, and the firm has since 
been incorporated as the J. (1. Haas Soap Com- 
pany, with offices at M<li' Wash street and a very 
large factory at Bryan avenue and Main street. 
North St. Louis. Mr. .\rnold has been a verv 



:'r of the fii 



m since Us incorporation, 



and as secretary of the corporation very much of 
the active management has fallen ui)on his 
shoulders. He is .strictly a .self-made man, his 
capital .stock, when .starting in life, being noth- 
ing but a fair education and a determination to 
succeed by honorable means and iiidustrv. He 
is also a iiieinl)er of the Merchants' Exchange, 
and is connected with several imblic mnvc- 
niciits. 

In 1.S74 Mr. Arnold married .Miss .\mia 
Margrethe Haas and has three children, Heiirv 
C, Tinnie and Ida. 

HucirKS, WiLi.i.VM Ivi)C,.\K, son of John and 
I-:iiza ( Rutlicrford ) Hughes, was born in .Mor- 
gan county, Illinois, March 1."), 1x40. When 
twenty years of age he went to Texas, and after 
a long career in the vSouthern army he taught 
school, and finally started a law practice at 
Weatherford, Texas. 

He resided there eight years, and then moved 
to Dallas, where he enjoyed a lucrative and 
constantly-growing practice. He had been in 
Dallas only a few years when he organized the 
City Bank of Dallas, which soon became one of 
the solidest financial institutions in the citv. 
Subsequently he was made the bank president, 
and later, as his interests as a capitalist extended, 
he gradually relaxed his law practice, and in 
isyo he gave it up entirely. In the same year 
he retired from the Dallas Cit\' Bank and 
moved to St. Louis, where he organized tiie 
Continental Land and Cattle Company, of which 
he is president. In h'ebruary, 1H!I1, he was 
elected president of the Union Trust Compaiu , 
an office he administered with ability for two 
years. 

Colonel Hughes repre.seiited liis district for 
one term in the Texas Legislature as a Demo- 
crat. Outside of the Masons, he has never con- 
sented to become a memlier of any social or fra- 
ternal societv. 

In lM(i7 he married Miss .\niiie C. Peete, of 
Fort Wortli, Texas. They have had but one 
child, a daughter, who is now married and re- 
sides with her husband in Dallas, Texas. 



310 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Capkn, Gkorgk I)., sou of William and Eliza 
(Dunn) Capen, was born in Brookline, Massa- 
chusetts, July 1<S, 18;5X. He was educated at 
the Eliot High School, Jamaica Plains, Massa- 
chusetts, but when only fourteen years of age 
he started out in life as a clerk in a wholesale 
hat store in Boston. In 1S.").S he decided to 
come west, and selected St. Eouis as being the 
.suitable place and the most promising city for a 
young man to whom the word "fail" had no 
significance, and who, even at that early age, 
had mapped out a career of an honorable and 
ambitions character. His first occupation in his 
new home (St. Louis), of which he subse- 
quenth- became one of the leading men, was as 
a clerk in the hide and leather business. In 
liSli;-) he established a fire and marine insurance 
agency and brokerage business, and three years 
later he organized the Mississippi Valley Trans- 
portation Company, a corporation whose capital 
stock was invested in tow-boats and barges, built 
for the purpose of exporting bulk grain and the 
products of the West to Europe by river to New 
Orleans and thence b)- steamers. 

While Mr. Capen was always connected with 
insurance interests, yet he was extremely ag- 
gressive in taking up other business projects. 
In 1878 he organized the St. Louis Club on 
Washington avenue, near Sixteenth street, and 
was a director and chairman of the execu.tive 
committee for the first three \ears of the exist- 
ence of this respected association of vSt. Louis 
capitalists and business men. Later on, said 
club moved to Twenty-ninth and Locust streets, 
where it is in a mo.st flourishing and prosperous 
condition. In 1<S87 he assi.sted in organizing 
the Missouri Safe Deposit Company, and became 
its president. He was also the manager of the 
Equitable Building, a director in the Laclede 
Gas Light Company, one of the governing board 
of the St. Louis Jockey Club, and a member of 
the Board of Fire Underwriters. In 1888 he 
purchased the "(yriswold Tract" and organ- 
ized a s\ndicate which later on de\'eloped the 
beautiful Forest Park Terrace, Westmoreland 
Place and Portland Place, mentioned in the 
earlier part of this book. In 18^9 he (with the 



banking house of Whitaker & Hodgman ) pur- 
chased the Lindell Street Railway Company-, 
the result being the conversion of a small bob- 
tail horse-car line into one of the finest and 
most successfully operated electric lines in the 
world. The original purchase of this property 
required an outlay of ^LO.'il), ()()(), and while Mr. 
Capen was president of the compan\', an addi- 
tional expenditure of .'51, 700,(1(10 was incurred. 

Mr. Capen came from an old New England 
family, being a direct descendant of the Law- 
rence family, who were the pioneers in New 
England in the successful starting and operating 
of the large woolen and cotton factories at 
Lowell, Lawrence and Manchester, where mill- 
ions of dollars were accumulated through the 
sagacity and enterprise of these great men; 
;\Ir. Amos Lawrence having contributed during 
his life-time, for charitable purposes, upwards of 
$2, 000, 000, leaving a large fortune at his death, 
while his brother, Abbott Lawrence, was ap- 
pointed under the Fillmore administration minis- 
ter to the Court of St. James, which ]iosition he 
filled with ability- and distinction. 

He married in 18(i2 Miss Frances Isabella 
Pond, daughter of Mr. Charles H. Pond (for- 
merly of Massachusetts), a well-known architect 
and builder, who resided in St. Louis for a num- 
ber of \ears. ^Irs. Capen's mother was a 
Wentworth, l)eing a descendant of ( io\ernor 
Wentworth, the first governor of New Hanqi- 
shire; and many of the residents of this cit\-, 
who have visited Rye Beach or Portsmouth, 
New Hampshire, will recollect the old "Went- 
worth Homestead." Mr. Capen was taken sick 
while in the midst of his successful career, and 
his death in the spring of this year was a dis- 
tinct loss to St. Louis. He left seven children 
( four sons and three daughters). The two old- 
est sons — Samuel Davis Capen and George 
Henry Capen — graduated at Yale College in 
the classes of 1885 and 1890, respectively, after 
which the oldest son studied law for uearh- 
three years at the Har\-ard Law School, and was 
admitted to the St. Louis bar in ISSS, while the 
second son graduated at the .St. Louis Law 
vSchool in 18!I2. 



/>'/('(, h'. !/'///( ■. //. , I /■/'/■:. \7>/.\. 



;ii 



l^i-i)i\(".'i"(>\, I''ka.\ci.s II., was horn in ISnston, 
Massacliusrlls, Scptcinl)cr ;i, is;;)!. Hr was 
(.•(lucatfd ill llu- sclionls (if i'xisl.ni. Al sixli-rii 
\eavs of age, ihv tkatli cif liis fatliL-r lliriw liiiii 
upon the world and ])nl a sudden slop l<i tlu- 
university career wliieli he had nui])ped out lor 
himself. N'cmni; .Mr. hudin^;ton accepted _tlie 
siluaticiii with .ncmd .i;raee, and secured a ])()siti(in 

lie did not limit his labor l)^ this stipend, and 
iplovers soon seein- his ability an.l f, 
ilness rai.idlv a<l- 



hard work were a])])reciale(l by his admission 
into ihe linn, which now consists of William 
I.. Cha.se and .Mr. hudin-ton, both the .Messrs. 
II. X: I.. Chase l)eiiio dead. 

Mr. I.udiiii^ton is a director of the Third 
National Hank, and is connected with other 
\ery prominent in.stitutioiis. He dex'otes a large 
amoniit of his spare time to the Second Bapti.st 
Church, of which he is a mein1)er and an active 

Mr. Lndinutoii man 



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ca.lei 


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three 




JANCI.S H. l.lIOINCiTON 



a;..;e of twenty-three. 
He taught schot)l in 
Massachusetts for 
the next fixe \ears, 
during which i)i.-rio(l 
he continued his 
studies in his leisure 

lime, and made a number of \-aluable accpiaiut- Seiii.i-:c.i:i., RohkkT A., was born in vSt. Louis, 

anccs, including ^^les.srs. Cha.se Brothers, at Jaiiuar\ '.», isni. His parents, Ciustave and 
r.oston. These gentlemen saw in the young Rosiiia (.\ue) .Schlegel, having ])een residents 
school teacher the making of a fir.st-clas.s bu.si- of this city for a iinmber of years, although 
ncss man, and when in October, l«()(i, Messrs. natives of the " I'atlierlaud." He attended the 
H. ^; L. Cliasi- i)erfected their arrangements for public schools of this cit\- and the Washington 
a St. I.ouis branch, tlie\- sent Mr. l<iidiiigt(ni I'liiversitv- u]) to 1 .S.Si', when he embarked in the 
there and placed him in (diargc to care for and commission business, remaining at same uj) to 
develop the western terminus from this city. February 1, I«X7, when he accepted the posi- 
Siuce that period the .St. Louis Inisincss has tion of secretary and treasui'er of the Murnane 
lieen under .Mr. Ludington's management. Silvering iS: Beveling Company. He has since 

.Vfter a few years Mr. Ludington's talent and been actively engaged in busine.ss, and for a 



81i 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



number of years occupied quite a prouiinent 
position in Masonic circles, as well as being; a 
member of the Merchants' Exchange. 

Mr. vSchlegel was married, October 'IX, IJS.S.S, 
to Miss Julia E. Trau])el. 

HowK, EixiAK WiLi.is, the manager of the 
Lindell Hotel, inherited much of his genius as 
a hotel man from his grandfather, who was also 
in that line. He is descended from the old 
Howe family of Massachusetts, his ancestors 
having come from England in the seventeenth 
century, and is a descendant of John Howe, 
whose name figures conspicuously in the annals 
of the Old Bay State as far back as lii;'>!t. 

He is the sou of Joel and Elizabeth ( Woods ) 
Howe, and was born at Warner, Xew Hamp- 
shire, July (>, 1<S49. He was educated at the 
well-known little red school-house of Warner, 
and at sixteen he obtained a situation in the old 
Cit\- Hotel, Boston. He entered the hotel as call- 
box-, but soon became night clerk. Later, he 
accepted the position as clerk at the St. James 
Hotel at Chicago, was soon appointed to the 
position of steward, and was acting as such at 
the time the great fire destroyed the hotel. He 
then accepted a position in the Clifton House, 
from where he changed to the Matteson Hotel, 
now the Wellington; and when the Tremout 
was completed, he received the position of clerk. 

In Deceniber, lS7(i, he again accepted a more 
responsible jiosition as cashier of the Palmer 
House, and rose to be assistant manager. So 
well did he administer the affairs of the position 
that Mr. Palmer admitted him to a partnership, 
giving him an interest which he retained for 
five years. He then in\-este(l all his cajMtal iu 
the Eiudell Hotel of this cit\', assumed its man- 
agement and began by thoroughh' reorganizing 
the house from cellar to garret, putting it on a 
first-class basis. Mr. Howe lias entertained a 
number of illustrious guests, who made the Lin- 
dell their temporary home when visiting St. 
Louis; notably. President and Mrs. Cle\eland, 
Mr. James G. Blaine and Col. Pat. (iilmore, 
who died within its walls. 

?klr. Howe is an active Freemason. He is a 



man of family, being the father of a bright boy 
and girl, named respectively Willis Wylie and 
Maybelle Florence. Mr. Howe's marriage took 
place at Chicago, May 20, lfS74, Miss Alida 
Fv. Wells being the name of the lady who 
became his wife. 

Gl-\sgo\v, M.I)., William Carr, was born 
in St. Louis in 184"), and is the .sou of William 
and Sarah Glasgow. His paternal ancestors. 
James Glasgow and wife, were of Scottish blood, 
but were reared iu the north of Ireland, whence 
they came to America in 1740, settling in Christ- 
iana, Delaware. His mother's maiden name wa^ 
Lane, she being the daughter of Dr. Carr Lane 
and ;\Iary Lane, ucc Ewing. 

Young (ilasgow was educated in the jjublic 
schools, and then spent three years as a studeul 
in the Real (Tymnasium at Wiesbaden, Germany 
Returning he entered Washington University 
He graduated therefrom in lS(i.'), and enterec 
the vSt. Louis Medical College, where he com- 
jjleted his course and graduated iu lS(i;t. Aftei 
a course at the Long Island Medical Hospital, lit 
made a second trip to Europe for the purpose o 
finishing his medical education at the celebratec 
University of Vienna. Here he remained for twc 
years, at the end of which time he returned tc 
vSt. Louis, where he accepted the chair of phys- 
ical diagnosis in St. Louis Medical College in 
l'S71. In l.ss.') he was appointed professor ol 
theory and practice of medicine in the same col- 
lege. In ISitO he resigned the position and in 
the same year was appointed professor of prac- 
tice of medicine and laryngology in the Missouri 
]\Iedical College, and is also professor of diseases 
of the chest and throat. 

Besides his duties as a lecturer he practices as 
a hospital physician. He acted as the physician 
of the Mullanphy Hospital from 1878 to 1-S5t(). 
He is at this time physician of t|ie St. Louis 
Polyclinic Hospital and the Martha Parsons 
Hospital for Children, and is consulting physi- 
cian of the City Hospital. He is a member oi 
the American Laryngological Societ\-, and in 
ISiM) was elected its president. He is a member 
of the American Climatological Society, and also 



BIOCRAPHICAI. APPHNDIX. 



?,13 



a member of the American Medical Association, 
and also of the St. Louis Medical and Medico- 
Chirnra^ical societies. 

Dr. Glasgow was married in 1.S77 to Miss 
Fannie Engelsie, daughter of CajH. H. C. 
Kngelsie, of Port Ciibson, Mississippi. Thc)- 
ha\-e fi\e children. 

DiKRKKS, Bernard, son of Bernard and Mary 
( l>ergmann ) Dierkes, was born in vSt. I^onis, 
May ;U, 1.S49, in which }ear his father died. 
He was educated in the parochial schools of 
vSt. Louis, and at White's College, Brooklyn, 
Xew York. On concluding his college course 
he returned to St. Louis and studied law with 
(lovernor Fletcher, being admitted to the bar in 
1S7(). He at once started to practice, and was 
for two years associated with Mr. Frank J. Bow- 
man. While with Mr. Bowman he was nomi- 
nated in 1878 for assistant prosecuting attorney 
and, being elected, served for three terms. He 
was re-elected for two successive terms, and 
finalh- in November, l.S!Ml, was elected ]irosecut- 
ing attt)rne\'. 

The fact that Mr. Dierkes .secured re-election 
thrice and was then elected to the highest posi- 
tion in the office with which he had been con- 
nected for twelve years, is Ijest evidence of the 
exceptionally able manner in which lie fulfilled 
his duties. Through his instrumentalit>- an im- 
mense amount of fraud has been unearthed and 
the perpetrators punished, and he has long be- 
come a terror to evil-doers. 

Mr. Dierkes is still quite a young man, hav- 
ing many years of hard work before him. His 
elevation to the bench will come as a matter of 
course, and it is certain he will be able to main- 
tain the record he has established for himself. 

Mr. Dierkes married in 1^77 Annie Heenian, 
of St. Louis. He has four children lixing, 
.Marie, Tillv, Ivlsa and Annie. 

Cai.iioix, Jamics LA\vki':.\ci-:, son of James 
Lawrence Calhoun and Jane IVL (\'erdier) Cal- 
houn, was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, 
January l'.">, 1s.">;;. He was educated in the com- 
mon schools mar his home, and subsequently 



resided at ^lonlgomery, Alabama, starting life 
for himself in 1873 in the employ of the South- 
ern F^xpress Company. He has been in the 
express business continuously since, and is now 
considered an expert in every branch of the busi- 
ness. After eight years' connection with the 
Southern Express Compan}- he resigned and 
was appointed agent for the Adams Express 
Com])any. In 188(3 he was made manager of 
the St. I^ouis business, and on February 1, 18!i;5, 
became superintendent of the southwestern di- 
\ision of the company, with headquarters in 
the Rialto Building. He married Miss F^ffie C. 
Moore, of Opelika, .\labama, in 1S7.S, and has 
five children. 

Mr. Calhoun, Sr., died in 1S,S7. Mrs. Calhoun 
was of old Huguenot stock, and her ancestors 
were the first .settlers on the coast of South Car- 
olina. ^Ir. J. L. Calhoun was very young when 
placed in charge of the Adams F^xpre.ss Com- 
pany's office here, but he has amply repaid the 
confidence placed in him. 

Mkvskxburg, Thkodork a., was born near 
the city of Cologne, (lermany, July '1>^, l.S4(i. 
\\)ung Theodore received his education in the 
gvmnasium in Essen, Prussia, which he at- 
tended until ll^.")!!, when he left school lo seek 
his fortune in the Xew World, making the long 
journey alone from (yermany to St. Louis. 

His first work was as axman in the office of 
Cit\' F'ngineer Kayser, which office he retained 
until the war broke out. He then resigned and 
in May, 18(il, enlisted in the Third Missouri 
Infantry, commanded by Colonel, afterward 
General, Franz Sigel. Re-enlisted in the Ben- 
ton Hussars, of which he was made second 
lieutenant. He became subsec|uenth- major and 
colonel. 

After the war he took up again his old work 
in the cit\- engineer's department, and in 18(i7 
he was appointed resident engineer of water- 
works at Bis.sell's Point, holding the position 
until l!^i>;i, when he accepted the position of 
general agent for the Helmbacher Forge ^: Roll- 
ing Mill CompauN". In 1^72 he organized the 
St. Louis Bolt .K: Iron Works. In ISS] this 



814 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



company was iner<(ed into the Tndor Iron Com- 
pany, known generally as the Tndor Iron Works, 
and Mr. Meysenburg was elected president. 

The company employs I'M men, and the valne 
of its annnal prodnct reaches §2, 000, <)()(). 

Colonel Meysenburg married in ISTSI Miss 
Lncretia Block, danghter of M. E. ISlock, of 
this city. 

Martin, Ei)WAR]),-,son of Claiidins and Mary 
(Daly) Martin, was born on Jnne !», l'S.')0, in 
Fintona parish. County Tyrone, Ireland, where 
his father and uncle owned freehold farms. As 
the oldest son, Edward was looked upon as the 
natural successor to the estate, and he was 
educated in both book learning and agriculture 
with that end in view. But shortly after attain- 
ing his majority he made up his mind to cast 
his fortunes in the New World, and in 1852, 
having abandoned his claim under the laws, or 
at least custom, of primogeniture and entail, he 
crossed the Atlantic. He found New York well- 
nigh as crowded and unsatisfactory, from the 
standpoint of an andiitious young man, as Ire- 
land, and he accordingly continued his journey 
westward. 

At that time Cincinnati occupied a metropoli- 
tan position, so far as the West and South are 
concerned, very similar to that now occupied by 
St. Eouis, and it was in Ohio's leading cit\' that 
voung .Mr. Martin decided to cast his lot. His 
first work was as porter in the wholesale dry 
goods establishment of Messrs. James and John 
Slevin. He proved a bright, hard-working em- 
ploye, and speedily advanced in the esteem of 
the heads of the firm. He was promoted with 
considerable regularity- and nuich rapidity, and 
bv the }-ear IS.'iS had served in well-nigh every 
department. The frugal habits he had acquired 
in Ireland stood him in good stead, and by the 
year named he had accumulated from his sav- 
ings quite a neat little capital. 

Having looked carefulh' o\er the ground, he 
decided to engage in the manufacture of cloth- 
ing, and, although lie had to commence in a 
small way, he soon built up a connection and 
earned the reputation of being among the largest 



manufacturers and wholesalers in the West. 
Earl)- in the sixties he found steady employment 
for several hundred men, and his annual sales 
exceeded $:)()(), 000. He found that the bulk 
of his trade came from the West and South, and 
accordingly, in l-SliT, he opened a branch house 
in vSt. Louis, with a ^•iew to being better located 
as far as the bulk of his trade was concerned. 
His tw(.) brothers, Claiule and John, who had 
followed him across the ocean, took charge ol 
the branch house; and so rapidly did the busi- 
ness here increase, that in 1873 Mr. Edward 
Martin moved to St. Louis and established hi;- 
headquarters here. 

The growth of the house for the next fifteer 
\ears was even more rapid than that of the cit\ 
in which its fortune was cast. Tra\eling sales- 
men covered the entire West and South, and 
orders came in with gratifying speed. A cus- 
tomer secured was easily retained, and the treat- 
ment accorded l)y the house was iuvariabh 
good. In IN.s.'i Mr. Edward Martin retired fron 
acti\-e business in the clothing line, but tlu 
house is still in prosperous existence and i- 
knowu as the ;\Iartin Clothing Company, will 
a brother of the original founder as president. 

Mr. Edward Martin is now interested in breeil- 
ing high grade lior.ses in Illinois, and in stoci; 
raising in Texas. He is a large real estate 
owner in St. Louis, and is interested in a large 
uuud)er of imjxirtant enterprises. He is a mem- 
ber of the Fair Grounds Jockey Club and o 
other local institutions. 

Mr. Martin married in ls.").s :\liss Catherine 
Maguire, of Cincinnati, and his family consist; 
of seven children. The eldest son, Joseph, i; 
associated with the second son, Claiulius, in ar 
extensive sale stable business ( Martin Brothers ) 
Edward is in the employ of the Martin Clothinj; 
Company; John is also a member of the frrm o 
:\Iartin Brothers, and the youngest's name i^ 
William. The two daughters are .\gnes ant 
Anna, now Mrs. Dr. Robert O'Reilly. 

Mr. Martin and family reside in an eleganl 
home in the West End, and are \-ery popular ir 
society circles. The sons ha\e all inheritec 
their father's ener\- and integrit\'. 



niOCRAPinCAL AI'PliNniX. 



?Al 



Dkacii, CirARi.KS A., son of Lotiis and Mary 
( Kfller) Drach, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
in !>>;'>(). He was educated at St. Xavier's Col- 
lege, Cincinnati, until fifteen years of age, when, 
ha\ inj^ acquired a good connnercial education, 
he left college and was apprenticed to the Frank- 
lin T\-]5C Foundry of Cincinnati. In tlicsc early 
days the process of eleclrotypin.L; had nut been 
de\eloped, and all matter was stereotyped only. 
It was during ^Ir. Drach's connection of twelve 
years with this finn that the inipro\-ed process 
of reiii'oducing cuts 
and t\pe forms was 
Iminght to perfec- 
tion. In 1S(;;> Messrs. 
A. Zeese ^ Co., of 
Chicago, offered him 
a position in their 

worked tVir three and 
one-half years for 
that firm. .-Vt the 
close of the war he 
estal)lished a stereo- 
typing and electro- 
typing foundry in 
St. Louis, associat- 
ing himself with .Mr. 
Strassburger. 

The jiartnershi]) 
of Messrs. Drach ^\: 
Strassburger contin- 
ued for about fifteen 
years, and in l.s.S:^ 
Mr. Drach fitted up 
an electrot\'ping establishment of his 
thenameof Charles A. Drach X; Com]); 
months were consumed in selecting a 
machinery, and in March, l.sS2,Mr. Drachopened 
for business one of the best equipped elect roty])ing 
and .stereotyping foundries in the West. In 1 .s;t 1 
the business was incorporated under the laws of 
the State as the Charles A. Drach Flectrotype 
Company. The headquarters of the concern are 
in tile old C.lobe-Democrat liuilding, on Fourth 
and I'ine streets. When the ( '.loln- noiiocral 
fust began to illustrate in its columns the events 




of tlie da\-, this concern ])erformed the mechan- 
ical work for the illustrations. It has one of the 
most extensive plants in the United States, and 
its facilities for good and rapid work are unex- 
celled. Xot onl\- does the firm receive an im- 
mense amount of business from St. Louis and 
the West, Init it also receives orders from large 
ad\-ertisers and others in the Fast, its j)erfect 
system enal)ling it to turn out the best work 
promptly. 

Mr. Drach, while gi\ing his full attention to 
business has devoted 
considerable time to 
the affairs of the 
A.O.r. W., the Le- 
gion of Honor and 
the Knights of 
Pvthias. 

Mr. Drach mar- 
ried in 1 'S ."i S Miss 
Amelia Huber, of 
Cincinnati. He has 
two daughters, 
Fmma, now .Mrs. 
Herthel, and Carrie. 





.Vi.T. AnoLF, .son 


)f 


Doctor Dettmar 


\ 


and Mary ( Fwald ) 


\ 


t, was born in 


M 


uinheim, liaden. 


",1 


■rniany, August 


i;' 


, 1S.-,1. He was 


.•d 


ucated in the com- 



under 
Three 
lacino- 



nron scliools and the 
local Lyceum. Later on he entered the Ptedo- 
gogium of Xiesky, Prussia, and subsequenth' 
graduated at Karlsruhe. 

In the fall of !><(!!• he entered the University 
of Heidelberg, and at the clo.se of the Franco- 
(ierman war completed his course and on March 
2, 1^*7.'), passed the state examination at Heidel- 
berg, and thus was admitted to practice. 

In .\\igust, I.ST."), with Dr. Hermann Knap]), 
of New York, as his assistant, he came to ,\mer- 
ica, and he was then appointed house surgeon 
to the Xew York ( )i)hthalmic and ( )ral Institute, 



;ii(; 



Ol.n AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



wliere he remained until Jnl_\', 1<S77, wlien he 
mo\ed to Toronto, Canada. In November, 
l.SSO, Dr. Alt came to St. Louis. He took a 
prominent part in the organization of the P>ean- 
mont Hospital Medical College, in which he 
held the chair of ophthalmology and otology 
and pathological anatomy, during the first ses- 
sion. He is also consulting oculist for the City 
Hospitals, the Missouri Pacific Railway System, 
Alexian Brothers' Hospital and a number of 
other institutions. He is a member of the 
St. Louis ]\Iedical and Missouri State Medical 
vSocieties; of the American Ophthalmological and 
Otological, German Medical and Microscopical 
Societies; of the Academy of Science, the Ameri- 
can Academy of Medicine, the National Associ- 
ation of Railway Surgeons and other .societies. 

The doctor married in the year ISTlt Miss 
Helena B. Houghtling, daughter of Dr. David 
Houghtling, of Holley, New York. He has 
one son, twelve years of age, a remarkabh- 
bright and intelligent boy. 

Anx.-\n, Thoma.S B., was born in St. Louis, 
Missouri, December 20, ISoJl. He was the sou 
of A. P. and Mary ( Beatty ) Annan. His edu- 
cation was obtained in the public schools and 
the High School of this cit)-. After leaving 
school he became an articled student with the 
late Mr. Thomas Walsh, the well-known archi- 
tect, until the beginning of the war. 

When the war ended Mr. .\nuan took a posi- 
tion with Mr. I. Barnett, remaining with him 
until 187(1, when he formed a partnership with 
Major Francis D. Lee, under the firm name of 
Lee & Annan. This partnership continued for 
six years, and was dissolved in LS7(). 

Since that time Mr. Annan has been in 
business alone. He has executed some ver\- 
important commissions for designing and con- 
structing buildings, including the present Mer- 
chants' Exchange, the Boatmen's Bank Building, 
and the Samuel Cupples magnificent new resi- 
dence on West Pine street. 

For two years ^Ir. Annan was the instructor 
of the class in architecture in Washington LTni- 
versitv. He was married in 18t>3 to Miss Vic- 



torine Scofield, of St. Louis, daughter of P^lia 
Scofield, of Clinton, ^Michigan. They ha\e fiv 
children, Silvester P., Fann\- .\. (now Mrs 
Charles Robinson ),J. Paul, Ruth B. and .\lfred H 

ATKIX.SOX, M.D., Robert Chilton, wasbori 
at Smithfield, Virginia, October ;^, 1.S4L Hi 
father was Archibald Atkinson, member of Con 
gress under the administration of President Polk 
and his mother's maiden name was Elizabet' 
P. Chilton. 

He attended the Smithfield Academy at a \er 
early age, entering the L}'nchburg College an 
the William and Mary College later. 

On the opening of the war he joined the Con 
federacy, and becauie second lieutenant in tli 
Provisional Army of \'irginia. After the \va 
he entered first the medical department of th 
L'niversit)- of \"irginia, and next the medice 
department of the Tulane University at Ne^ 
( )rleans, Louisiana, where he applied himse 
very industriously, receiving the degree of doc 
tor of medicine. He immediately came to Si 
Louis and established himself in the drug bus 
ness. Then, after a course at the St. Loui 
Medical College, he entered into the practice c 
his profession. Shorth- after becoming estal 
lished he was appointed physician in the Cit 
Hospital, which he held up to the year IS72. 

hi 1889 and 1890 he attended the polyclini 
schools of New York. Since then he has bee 
identified with the Marion-Sims Medical College 
and was for three years a member of the Publi 
School Board, and chairman of the committe 
on teachers. 

He was also for three years a member of th 
Board of Health, and resigned to accept a men 
bership on the State Board of Health, of whic 
he was elected secretar\-. The Doctor is a men' 
ber of the St. Louis and the Mississippi \'alle 
]VIedical Associations, American Medical Societ 
and American Public Health A.ssociation. 

He was married on February 2^, 187."), t 
Miss Mary Bull, daughter of John C. Bui 
They have two children, Miss Mary, attendin 
a private school, and Master Chilton, a studer 
in the Manual Training School. 



rut. n;h'. wi/fc '. il a ppkni ux. 



■■', 1 7 



Marshai.i., Wuj.iam C, sou of Tlionias A. 
anil Lelitia( Miller ) Marshall, was born iu \'icks- 
l)ur,t;, Mississippi, November i;'), 1.S4.S. After 
s]iemliii.ti- a few years in the public schools of 
\'ickslniri,r, lie attended the rniversit\- of Mis- 
sissi])pi, and snbse(|uentl\- tlie I'ni\-ersit\- of 
\'ir>iinia, .t^radnatino; witli lionors in tlie law 
department of the latter in bSil!!. p^ven in his 
collegiate days Mr. Marshall t^ave .threat evi- 
dence of histrionic ability, and he was selected 
as orator of the Washington Society of the Uni- 
versity of Virginia in his graduating year. 

Immediately on attaining his majority, iu 
Xo\eniber, l.StlH, he was admitted to the bar at 
\icksburg, Mississippi, and two mouths later he 
came to St. Louis and was admitted to the bar 
here in January, 1870. He at once went into 
]iractice as an attorney, and for ten years was in 
partnership with Judge Shepard Barclay, the 
]iartuership of Marshall & Barclay being dis- 
solved iu l.ss;l, c)u the election of the latter to 
the Circ\iit bench. 

Mr. Marshall's success as a lawyer has been 
marked, and several of his opinions ha\e l)eeu 
subjected to the severest tests with almost nn- 
\ar\ing indorsements, and when in .Ma\ , bsiH, 
.Mr. Marshall was appointed city counselor, the 
ajjpointment was jirompth' confirmed by the 
Cciuncil, members of both political ])arties re- 
garding the appointee as the best man it was 
jjossible to select for a position iuvohing such 
grave responsibilities. Mr. Marshall has proved 
as great a success as a city official as in private 
practice, and he has succeeded not only iu effect- 
ing a large number of reforms, hut also in pro- 
tecting the city's interests in a variety- of wa\s 
greatK- to its benefit. 

The talented city counselor has been an act- 
i\e i)olitician almost from boyhood. He took 
an active part in the campaign in Mississippi in 
the fall of l.S()*t,and after locating here he organ- 
ized the Young Men's Democratic A.s.sociation, 
assisted in the work by Mr. James L. Carlisle, 
now Postmaster. Mr. Marshall was first ])resi- 
dent of the association, and filled the ]iosi- 
tion for two terms, being also chainnan of the 
e.\ecuti\e committee. He has continued an 



acti\e member of the organization, which has 
proved of great service to his party in several 
campaigns, both mnnicijial and national. Mr. 
Marshall has also been treasurer of the State 
Bar A.ssociation since December, bSSl. 

Mr. Marshall has found sufficient leisure from 
his numerotis legal duties to take an interest in 
the affairs of the Legion of Honor and the 
Knights of Pythias, of both of which he is an 
acti\-e member. 

He married Miss Kate M. Reading, and has 
two children lixing, Katherine ]Marguerite 
( Daisy ) and Lelitia Lo\-e. 

Dhc.xax, Patrick H., sou of Michael and 
.\un ( Crow ) Deguan, was born in Ireland in 
l.s;}7. hi 1.S47 an uncle of his deciding to 
locate in America, he accompanied him to this 
country and at once found employment as an 
errand-boy iu the Cortlandt Hotel of New York. 
.\fter working in \arious cities he located 
at .\lton, Illinois, and apprenticed himself to 
Mr. M. W. Carroll, a harness and saddle- 
maker. vSubsequenth' moving to Tipton, Mis- 
souri, which was then the terminus of the 
.Missouri Pacific Railroad, he purcha.sed the 
b\isiness of Schmit & Shackelford, which he 
successfully conducted for si.x \ears. 

In February, ISfU, he came to St. Louis, and 
associating himself with Messrs. P. Burns and 
J. F. Dunn organized the firm of Burns, Degnan S: 
Company. In INfili Mr. Dunn withdrew and the 
firm became Burns & Degnan , and about the same 
time Mr. Degnan went to Litchfield, Illinois, 
where he established a branch house for the firm 
and ran it \-erv successfully for three years, 
when he accepted a favorable offer, sold out the 
branch and returned to take an active part in 
the management of the business already estab- 
lished in St. Louis. In 1<SH1 Mr. Degnan pur- 
chased the interest of his partner, Mr. Burns, 
and organized the firm of Degnan & Maginnis. 
In 1S^!<> the business was incorporated. Mr. 
Degnan has achie\ed success in life with \ery 
little backing and with very few opportunities. 
He is a Democrat, but his reputation for integ- 
rity is so high that he was ajipointed president 



0[,n AND XEW ST. I.OUIS. 



of the Mullanphy Board by Mayor Ewin.e;, a 
staunch Republican, holding the position for 
four years, from 1<SS2 to LSSC. 

Mr. Degnan was married in 1!^<>I> to Miss 
Theresa Mulholland, daughter of a farmer of 
Litchfield, Illinois. Mrs. Degnan died in LSKi, 
leaving five children, of whom three are still 
living. The oldest, Olive, is now Mrs. Dr. 
Bartlett, of Springfield, Missouri; Joseph is now 
traveling for the house, and the youngest, 
Emmett, is now at college. 

Ham.mktt, Bkxj.\-Mix Franklin. — Both the 
father and mother of Mr. Hammett were Ken- 
tuckians, and belonged to two of the best fami- 
lies of that State. His father was Joseph :\r. 
Hammett, and his mother's maiden name was 
:\rary Millsap. Shortly after the marriage of 
the parents thev emigrated to Missouri, the 
journey taking place in IS^S, but seven years 
after Missouri's admission to statehood. 

They settled three miles west of Huntsville, 
Randolph count>-, where Mr. Hammett pur- 
chased a farm. Benjamin F. was born February 
U, 1842, and spent his boyhood on the farm, 
attending the common school in the winter. 
.\fter his common school education was finished 
he entered Mt. Pleasant College, at Huntsville, 
from which institution he graduated with high 
honors in l.sii;'>. His college course was inter- 
rupted by the civil war, for, true to his educa- 
tion and sentiments, he espoused the cause of 
the South, and enli.sted with General Price. 

After leaving college he returned to the old 
farm, remaining there until LSIiiS. On Febru- 
arv 2d of this year he married Miss Mary S. 
Penny, daughter of John H. Penny, a large 
farmer and stock raiser. This union has re- 
sulted in the birth of three children — Guy, the 
onlv daughter, who is now the wife of James C. 
Davis, a prominent attorney of St. Joseph, Mis- 
souri; Ben Forrest, and Paul, who is now tak- 
ing a course at the F'leet Military College at 
^lexico, ^Missouri. Both are young men of ex- 
ceptional mental brightness, and have a brilliant 
future before them. 

Shortly after his marriage Mr. Hammett 



bought a large farm near that of his father, anc 
embarked in agriculture and stock raising oi 
his own account. In lS7o he concluded tt 
leaxe and become a partner in the banking firn 
of J. ^I. Hammett & Company, at Huntsville 
He acted as cashier of this bank for a numbe; 
of \ears, and is still a director of the institution 

In 1<S77 Governor Phelps appointed Mr 
Hammett tobacco inspector of the State, anc 
tlie duties of his office called him to St. Louis 
He entered into the real estate business in ; 
small wa\- in ISTit, renting desk room in a build 
iug near where the Laclede Hotel now stands 
The real estate business was then in its begin 
ning, and Mr. Hammett was the first man to bu} 
and subdivide acreage property. Since he firs 
began the business he has handled over twenty 
different divisions, amounting to lidO or TOO acres 

In 1><S2 Mr. Hammett formed a partnershi] 
with John R. Christian, the attorney. In l-SSi 
Mr. Christian retired, and in 1><>^>^ the corpora 
tion known as the Hammett-Anderson-Wadi 
Real Estate Company was organized, with B. F 
Hammett as president, and since its organizatioi 
its business has continually increased and tin 
scope of its deals constauth- widened. TIk 
firm does a business of buying, subdividing, sell 
iug, leasing real property, and collecting rents 

Mr. Hammett is devoted to commercial anc 
business interests, and has in no case dabblec 
in politics or sought any office, yet, recognizins 
his efficiency and merit. Governor Francis, ii 
IXXil, appointed him as police commissioner o 
St. Louis. He, however, holds a great man' 
offices in many commercial and financial insti 
tutions. He is a director of the Mississipp 
Valley Trust Company ; president of the Cente 
Creek IMiuing Company, a company engaged ii 
lead and zinc mining at Webb City, Missouri 
is secretary and treasurer of the Laclede Lane 
and Improvement Company, a corporation whicl 
owns 14.'),IHl(t acresof land in Reynolds county 
^Missouri. He is a member of both the St. Loni: 
and Mercantile clubs, and was a moving sinri 
.in the promotion of the scheme to build the nev 
S2,()()0, ()(>() Planters' House, being one of tin 
heaviest stockholders in that company. 






W 



^S-Jfa-^.^.^,-.-.^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPIiNPIX. 



81!) 



P) I.I XSSI )M, HicNRV M.,son of Riifus and Tirzah 
lUossoni, Initli members of Massachusetts fam- 
ilies, was horn ill Madison, New York, in the year 
l<SoB. He was educated in tlie ]m])lic schools of 
New York, and when in the year l>^.")-i his fam- 
ily moved west, he secured a position as clerk on 
the Polar S/ir/\ a steamboat runuintj on the Mis- 
souri ri\er. This was at the time that St. I^ouis 
was known as one of the first ri\-er cities in the 
country, and before railroads had be,^uu to com- 
pete for trade. Hundreds of steamers were arriv- 
ing at and startin.s; 
from St. Louis daih', 
and the le\'ee was a 
scene of "reat bustle 
and acti\-ity. 

The Po/ar S/,7r 
was a p roui i n e n t 
steamer, and Harr\' 
Blossom, as the 
}ouu,t( man was al- 
ways called, became 
\-er}- popular as its 
clerk. After servin,^ 
for eight }-ears, first 
on the Po/arS/aram\ 
later on the Hiawa- 
tha, voungMr. lilos- 

nieiit ill the city, the 
outbreak of the war 
having put a stop to 
the bulk of the ri\-er 
traflfic. He identi- 
fied himself with fire 
and marine insurance, soon earning the reputa- 
tion of being an expert in this work. He is 
now the head of the firm of H. M. Wossom ^K: 
Company, one of the first insurance offices in 
the cit\ . 

I'"ew men lia\e devoted iuor- time and atten- 
tion to their business than this gentleman, but 
he has not allowed liis zeal to make him selfish 
and he has devoted his surplus energy to relig- 
ious and social movements of importance. For 
twenty years he has been an elder and trustee of 
the First Preslnterian Church, and has been the 




directing genius of the choir — an exceptiouallv 
able one — during all that time and for some years 
jM-eviously. He is a popular member of the St. 
Louis and Mercantile clubs, and was one of the 
original members of the Noonday Club. 

Nearly fort\- years ago Mr. Blossom married 
Miss Susan Brighain, of Madison, New York, a 
young lady to whom he had become attached 
before he cast his fortunes in the West. Mr. and 
Mrs. Blossom luu'e five children, three boys and 
two girls. The senior member of the firm of H. 
M. Blossom & Com- 
pany is now, at the 
age of sixty, in the 
enjoyment of vigor- 
ous health and is re- 
garded as one of the 
most active and use- 
ful professional men 
intliecit\-. Thefani- 
ily resides at -i.SiO 
Pine street. 



HENRY M. BI.OSSDJVl 



NiK.s, John A., 

was born in Stock- 

h a u s e u , Hesse- 

.^j D a r 111 s t a d t , Cier- 

^^^^^m many, December o, 

a^^^^H 1S27. He recei\'ed 

^^^^^H \-er\- good common 

nS school education in 

^ the schools of his 

J9 nati\e town, after 

which he was ap- 
prenticed to a tailor. 
Nine years later, on .March 10, 18.')(), he embarked 
on the French steamer Pidcs for .America, .\fter 
a short stay at New Orleans he .started up the 
river to join the large colony of his countrymen 
already located here. He reached St. Louis on 
.May ."ith, ju.st fifty-six days from the time he 
left the European port. 

He worked at his trade for two years and 
opened an establishment of his own in \>^'yl, at 
•"^K! Market street. Here he remained about a 
\ear and then moved to a shop in block adjoin- 
ing, where he did business until March 1."), l.s.'),V 



0[.D AND NEW Sr. LOUIS. 



when he iiio\-e(l to 'SI 4 Market street and has 
there remained ever since. Mr. Nies is a member 
of the Masonic order, in hic^^h standing, being a 
Master Mason and member of Irwin Lodge, No. 
IlM, with which he has been connected since 
l.S(i7. In lf^.")2 he married Miss Eikenhorst, of 
tliis city. They have had twelve children, eight 
of whom, four sons and four daughters, are liv- 
ing. Two of the sons and two of the daughters 
are married. 

Mr. Nies is a self-made man. Outside of his 
merchant tailoring shop, which is an establish- 
ment of considerable importance, Mr. Nies has 
money invested in real estate. He takes a deep 
interest in public affairs, and is devotedly 
attached to his adopted city. 

HerThEL, Adolph, the son of Nicholas and 
Barbara ( Voltz) Herthel, was born in vSt. Louis, 
October 23, 1847. His education was obtained 
in the public schools, and after passing the 
\-arious grades, from the primarv to the High 
Sclioul, he became a grocer's clerk, and con- 
tinued as such througli L'^lio and part of LSiU. 
In l'S()4 he entered the German vSa\-ings Insti- 
tution as collector, remaining in the employment 
of that institution for eight years, during which 
time he rose to the position of teller. At the 
end of that service he \-isited Europe, and upon 
his return to St. Louis he obtained the position 
of teller in the Union Savings Association, being 
advanced to the position of cashier, which lie 
held until 1.S.S2. He then retired from that bank 
and remained out of business eighteen months. 

He was next appointed teller in the Inter- 
national Bank, but after three years resigned on 
account of ill-health and went to Denver, Colo- 
rado. Returning to St. Louis, and upon the 
death of William C. Lange, president of the 
International Bank, he re-entered its service as 
cashier in February, IN-SH. He married in 1X7.") 
Miss Minnie Mincke, of St. Louis, daughter of 
George Mincke, an old and well-known citizen, 
and has one child, Laura. 

When Mr. Hertliel entered for the second 
time the employment of the Intcrnatiuual Bank, 
its financial condition was bad, but bv eight 



years' hard work and intelligent nianngement, 
the bank has been placed on a le\'el with the 
most solid institutions of the city. To Cashiei 
Herthel great credit is due for the existing state 
of circumstances, and he has well earned his repu- 
tation as one of the ablest financiers of .St. Louis. 

LvxcH, (jEORGK X., was born in St. Charles, 
Missouri, No\'ember ;>", 1X24, when St. Charles 
was more important and larger than St. Louis. 
His mother's maiden name was Catherine Sau- 
cier. In 1.S29 the family moved to St. Louis, in 
which town George was educated at the public 
schools and the university. He subsequently 
took a course of study at St. Charles College 
and at a pri\-ate school in St. Louis. 

Shortly after he came home he went to work 
in his father's furniture and undertaking shop, 
then located at the corner of \'ine and vSt. 
Charles streets. He remained with his fathei 
until 1852, when he succeeded to the btisiness, 
having for his partner for two years his brother, 
William, who was killed in the Gasconade rail- 
road wreck in IN.")."). 

In l.siU the business was moved from Fifth, 
between Olive and Locust, to (iO.s ( )live. An- 
other change was sought in 18711, when the 
business was located at Kill.s ()li\e. In lNS(i 
he was again compelled to seek more room 
at 121(5 Olive, where it now remains. Besides 
his undertaking business ]\Ir. L\nch is also a 
partner of Mr. R. R. Scott, and tt)gether they 
carry on a lixery l)usiness at 114 Flm street, 
under the firm name of Scott & Lynch. 

Mr. L>'nch has Ijeeu married twice. His first 
wife was Miss Anna C. McGovern, of this city, 
to whom he was married May 8, 1849. Six 
children were the fruit of this union; three of 
them were bo)s and three were girls, but only 
one, (reorge M., is now ]i\ing. ;\Irs. L\ iich 
died in May, the same month in which she was 
married, in 18()(). Several years after the death 
of his first wife Mr. Lynch married again. 
Miss Charlotte Fidler, of St. Louis, was the lad\- 
who became his wife. To them eleven children 
ha\-e lieen born, six girls and fi\-e boys. All are 
living but two boys and two girls. 



niOCRAPHICAI. APPKNDIX. 



FiSHKR, ClKVKS vS., whose piclure is .i;iveii 
on this pao;e, was one of the most iiromisint; 
young business men of St. Louis at tlie lime of 
his sudden deatli, wliich occurred on the 4th of 
Deccmfier, ISIH. He died at the aije of twentv- 
fi\e years, in the youth of his couras^eous man- 
hood, admired by a large circle of social friends 
and much esteemed by the business commnnits', 
among whom, young as he was, he had already 
attained much ])romiuence by marked fidelity- 
to the interests he re])resented, and by his far- 
sighted and excep- 
tionally successful 
investments in real 
propert}-. He had 
acquired such prom- 
inence among the 
real estate frater- 
nity, that, shortly be- 
fore his death, he 
was classed among 
the most brilliant 
real estate operators 
in the city. 

He was born in 
iMattoon, Illinois, 
March lH, ISflU, his 
l^arents being S. J. 
Fisher and Alice S. 
b'isher, of St. Louis, 
his mother being a 
granddaughter of 
the celebrated jurist. 
Judge John Clev-es 
.Symmes, for whom 

the snliject of this sketch was named. The 
young man had an admirable physique, an 
aeli\e brain and that generositv of heart born 
of a noble lineage that characterized him in 
all his walks of life. He received a liberal 
education in St. Louis, and while \ et a box- 
he manifested such a liking for ])\rsiness that 
at the age of seventeen years he engaged 
with the firm of Fisher & Company, in the 
real estate business, and developed such c(jm- 
prehension and excellent tact in the application 
of his rare faculties in his chosen pursuit, that 
21 




n])on arriving at his ma]orit\- lie was admitted 
to full partiurslii]) in the concern. It was only 
about a year afterwards, on the Kttli of .Viigust, 
1.S.S7, when .Mr. Cleves vS. Fisher married .Miss 
Ida .M. Francis, of liunker Hill, Illinois. His 
zeal for business then became greater than ever, 
but his health gave way under constant close 
confinement and overwork, and in November, 
LSSi), while recuperating at Hot vSprings, Ar- 
kansas, he was attacked with a violent hemor- 
rhage of the lungs. His indulgent father, being 
ad\ised of the crit- 
ical condition of his 
son, chartered a 
special train and 
went to his relief 
with two euiiiient 
physicians from St. 
Louis. 

The sufferer ral- 
lied, and during the 
following two years 
he traveled through 
the South and Mex- 



ico to reco\'e 
his lung tr 
He h; 



from 



ecuperated 
from that difficulty 
almost completeh- 
and was coinnienc- 
iiig to attend to busi- 
ness affairs again 
when, on December 

FISHER. -^' ^'^''1' 1'^ ^^'--l^ 

stricken with peri- 
tonitis and died in a few days, leaving his widow 
with one son two years old; three weeks later a 
second sou of the departed father was born. 
The remains of Mr. Cleves S. Fisher repose in 
Bellefontaine cemetery, in a place especially 
jM-epared, a spacious, magnificent tomb, one of 
the most nuicine and costh' habitations of the 
dead to be .seen in that vast and silent cit\-. 

DuuMMONi), J.\MK.s T. , forty-five years ago, 
before there was a steam locomotive in this 
State, lived in the western part of St. Charles 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



county, ^Missouri, near the little village of Flint 
Hill. He was a mere boy at the time aiidlived 
in an unpretentious log dwelling occupied by 
his father and famih'. 'Sir. Drummond liad his 
start, if such it may be called, in that vicinity, 
although he is exceedingly proud of the fact that 
he was born in St. Louis, in which city his 
parents, Mr. Harrison and Mrs. Elizabeth ( Wil- 
kins) Drummond resided during the thirties. 

It was on November 2i, 1834, that he first 
saw the light, and he was still an infant when 
the family moved into St. Charles county. .\s 
he grew into bo)hood, Mr. Drummond's facili- 
ties for obtaining an education were limited to 
the country log school-house, and even this was 
open during the three winter months only. The 
house was constructed of logs, with a "writing 
bench" extending along the wall the entire 
length of the building, with one log cut out just 
above the bench, and 8x10 glass inserted as a 
window to give light. He had to walk from two 
to three miles to reach the school-house from his 
home, and a like distance to return. Before 
sunrise he was required to cut wood, water and 
feed the stock, and then with a piece of corn 
bread and a slice of bacon for his luncheon, he 
would start on the road — many times through 
rain, sleet and snow — to the school-house. He 
would return home late in the evening to per- 
form similar duties. In the other months of the 
year he was required to plant, hoe and plow and 
gather corn and harvest wheat and oats, and 
plant and cut tobacco. This continued until he 
was sixteen or seventeen years of age, when he 
obtained employment in a small country tobacco 
factory in the neighborhood as a "Stemmer." 
For his services in this capacity he received 
from two to three dollars per week. He was 
afterwards promoted to the position of " Roller," 
at a salary of seventeen dollars per month. 

In 1S.')(; he taught school and continued at 
this profession during three sessions, taking 
advantage of the opportunity to complete his 
own education and add greatly to the little store 
of knowledge he had acquired in the log-cabin 
school-house. When twenty-four 3-ears of age 
he commenced traveling in the tobacco" business, 



his route co\-ering the States of ^lissouri anc 
Arkansas, and four years later, in 18(52, Ik 
commenced in business under the firm name o 
Myers & Drummond. The firm continued th( 
manufacture of plug tobacco for eleven years 
and in 1873 it was reorganized as Dausman .S 
Drummond. In 187!t the business had assumec 
such large proportions that it was incorporatec 
as the Drnnrmond Tobacco Company, Mr 
Dausman retiring from the business. The com 
pan)- has a national reputation, employs ove 
!'<)() persons and has regular customers in ever\ 
State in the Union. 

]\Ir. Drummond was energetic and wide-awaki 
as a boy, and he has kept in the front of the pro 
cession of successful business men since Ik 
became a man. His great success as a manufact 
urer at Alton, Illinois, and vSt. Louis, Missouri 
has brought to him a magnificent fortune, fo 
which he has only to thank his indomitabh 
energy and business forethought. He is a plain 
honest, unassuming man and has never forgot 
ten the friends of his boyhood and the witnesse: 
of his poverty and early struggles. He employ: 
a large number of laborers in his now extensivi 
business, and it might be of profit to others t( 
see with what perfect harmony capital and labo 
in this instance work together for the good of all 
The laborer knows that he is honest and just 
and he upon his part appreciates the dignity o 
labor and has a good word for all who earn thei 
bread in the sweat of their faces. 

Mr. Drummond married in the year 18.5) 
Miss Rachael Tatum, of Montgomery county 
Mis.souri, who died in 185^1. He remarried ii 
18t;5 Bethia Randall, of Alton, Illinois, and ii 
the year 1888 he was married a third time, hi 
present wife, Josephine, being a daughter of ^Irs 
Eva Jane Hazard, of St. Louis, and fornierl; 
of Alton. Mr. Drummond has four children liv 
ing. The oldest, ^Ir. Harrison, is assistan 
general superintendent of the Drummond To 
bacco ?klanufacturing Company, and the othe 
chidreu are James, Charles and Rachael. 

B.XR.STOw, Cii.XRi.KS W., sou of Capl.iii 
Charles and vSarah .\nn ( Hudson ) Barstow 




^^^^2yi^i^<-e^ U, c^^/^4^7^-j^^i-n^n^-i.-i^^v-i^^sX^ 



nn m:r. i run •. //. ,i /'/'/-: xn/x. 



was Ijoni ill North Pembroke, Alassaehusetls, 
l-'ehruary 24, 1838. He attended public schools 
ill IJostoii and then took a course of tuition in a 
])ri\ate acadeiiu' in his native town, .i^oiiio- later 
to IIaiio\-er, Massachusetts, where he took a 
coniinercial course. On leaving .school he be- 
came connected with the extensive paint and 
oil liou.se of E. (S: F. King & Company, of Bos- 
ton. He remained with the firm for nearly 
eiglit )-ears, when he enlisted in the Forty-fifth 
Massachusetts Regiment, under Colonel Charles 
R. Codman. His 



regiment was de- 


tailed for service in 


North Carolina, and 


he served for sixteen 


months. He took 


part ill se\-eral bat- 


tles, notably those 


of Kingston, White 


Hall and (ioldslioro, 


all of North Caro- 


lina. 


In I.SIM he was 


mustered out, and 


relurucd to Boston, 


where his old ciii- 


])Io\ ers were only 


too glad to reinstate 


him ill his old posi- 


tion. In Se])teinber, 


lS(;.->, .Mr. Barstow 


decided to go west. 


and, settling in .St. 


Louis, was a])])oiiited 


clerk 1>\ Mr. Ceorge 


worked until l.S('i8, \ 


the firm, which beca 


law X: Coiiiiiaii\-. 


chased his partner' 




CHARLi:^ U. BARSTOXI. 



he 



ite- 



P. Whitelaw, for wliom 
hen he was admitted i 
lie known as (1. P. Wli 
11 lS7;-5 Mr. Barstow jnir- 
interest and became sole 
projjrietor of tlie establishment, which is now 
one of the largest in the West, handling jiaint, 
oils, chemicals, heavy drugs and naval stores. 
Its headquarters are at tUT Ninth Second street, 
wlienee it does an enormous lousiness through- 
tnit ilie entire We.st and Southwest, enjoying 
among other things an exceedingly lucrative 



ii\t-r trade on the Mississippi and Alissouri. 
Mr. Barstow himself is a very prominent citi- 
zen of St. Louis. He has occupied the position 
of first vice-]n-esideut of the Merchants' Ex- 
change, and has also been \-ice-president of the 
St. Louis Public .School Board. His record on 
the Board of Education is a conspicuously bril- 
liant one, and during all the trouble of the 
board his good common sense and business ideas 
have contributed largely toward the maintenance 
of order and the contimiauce of the good work 
for which the board 
was responsible. As 
president of the St. 
Louis Paint, Oil and 
Drug Club he has 
done yeoman serv- 
ice for that useful 
trade organization. 

In l.Sdlt Mr. Bar- 
stow married Aliss 
Ella R. Gale, daugh- 
ter of Mr. Daniel 
dale. He has four 
sons, of whom Theo- 
dore (i. and Charles 
\\'., Jr., are asso- 
ciated with him in 
I)usiness. His two 
other sons are Daniel 
(i. and Edward H. 
He has also three 
daughters, Rosa, 
Calla R. and Jessa- 
mine. 
DMrxD. — 111 the chapter on 
• historical section of this 
on the eminence St. Louis 



Li 



■.J« 



work, stress i.- 
has attained as a tobacco center; and no man 
has done more to bring about this condition of 
affairs than Mr. John l-'.dmuiul Liggett. This 
prominent citizen and mannlactnrer is a St. 
Louis man by birth, education and residence, 
and he has lived to see so many changes in the 
citv that there is difficulty in recognizing in the 
metropolis of to-day the comparatively insignifi- 
cant town of half a century ago. 



324 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOL'IS. 



The Iyi,^,<jett family is of Irish and German 
extraction, Mr. Joseph Liggett having been 
born in Londonderry. He was brought to this 
country about 17SI8, and married, in St. Louis, 
Miss Elizabeth Foulks, daughter of Mr. Chris- 
topher Foulks, of New Jersey, where he was 
engaged in the tobacco business. He removed 
in 1818 to the West, locating for a time in Illi- 
nois and then coming on to vSt. Louis, where 
Mr. Foulks engaged at once in the tobacco busi- 
ness. 

The home of Mr. and Mrs. Josejjh Liggett 
was on Main street near the Iron Mountain 
depot, in a house which subsequently became 
the Swan Tavern. Here there was born to them 
a son, the subject of this sketch. Young John 
FMmund attended the public schools and was 
the first pupil of Mr. D. H. Armstrong, at the 
first public school in St. Louis at the corner of 
Fourth and Spruce streets. He remained under 
Mr. Armstrong until sixteen years of age. He 
then entered the Kempler College Grammar 
School, the building now doing duty as the 
Poor House, and here he studied for two years. 

His first employment was in the tobacco fac- 
tory of Foulks & Shaw, the members of this firm 
being respectively his grandfather and step- 
father. He was given no advantage on account 
of his relationship, but started at the bottom of 
the ladder and climbed it, aided l)y nothing 
except his natural ability and his indomitable 
perseverance and energy. 

In 1847 Mr. Foulks retired from active work, 
and Mr. Liggett, by this time a thoroughly 
competent man in e\ery branch of the business, 
was taken into the firm, the name of which was 
changed to Hiram Shaw ^ Coni])an\-. Eighteen 
months later [Mr. Shaw sold out his interest to 
Mr. William Carr Lane Liggett. The linn 
name then became J. E. Liggett & Brother, and 
for five years it conducted a most profitable 
business in manufacturing plug tobacco. Then 
for eighteen years it was known as Liggett >S: 
Dausman, and later as Liggett & Mvers. 

The house extended its operations \-ery rapidh", 
andafter it had been known as Liggett & Mvers 
for some years it was incorporated as the Liggett 



«Sl Myers Tobacco Company. The com])au} 
sells goods in every State in the Union, and ha: 
about fifty men constantly on the road in it: 
interests, the average number of emplo\es a 
the factory exceeding 1,100. 

The factory on Locust and vSt. Charles, jus 
east of the Exposition Building, is the bes 
equipped in the United States, haAing a front 
age of 22.") feet on St. Charles street and 12") fee 
on Locust street. Every floor is utilized for ; 
specific purpose, and every little detail receive 
so much attention that the factory is regarded a 
a model. The drying house is on Pine anc 
Xineteenth streets, and covers an area of 135 b; 
lo;i feet. Just south of it is an enormous stoi 
age house with a frontage of 338 feet, or an entir 
half block, on Chestnut street. So gigantic at 
the operations of the company, that it has a bo; 
factory of its own on Randolph street, near Jeffei 
son avenue, occupying an area of 228 by 232 
and used exclusively in manufacturing boxes fo 
the Liggett & Myers brands of tobacco, whicl 
are popular the world over. The offices of th 
company are in a handsome building special 1 
erected for the purjiose on Washington a\enue 
just east of Thirteenth street. 

For many years ]\Ir. Liggett acted as presi 
dent of this wealthy corporation, and his rela 
tions with his partners and his employes wer 
alwa\'s of the pleasantest possible charactei 
^lauy a young man has been encouraged to re 
newed efforts by his kind advice and greetings 
and in every other way Mr. Liggett has give: 
evidence of his good-heartedness. He has bee: 
connected with a number of important local in 
stitutions, and besides being a member of the oL 
\'olunteer brigade he was at one time secretar 
of the Washington Fire Company. He is also 
director of the Commercial Bank. 

Mr. Liggett married in 1>^")1 Miss Elizabetl 
J. Calbreath, of Calloway county, Missouri, am 
has three daughters: Dolly L., now Mrs. Claud 
Kilpatrick, of this city; Cora B., now Airs. Joh: 
Fowler, of St. Louis; and Ella I)., now Mns 
[Mitchell Scott; also a son, Hiram Shaw Ligg 
ett, who was at one time secretary of the com 
pany, but who was compelled to resign owin: 




.& ^>^^^^^ 



Bh HrRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



to ill health, and died at San Antonii), Texas, 
Dcceiuher i'-"), ISHi'. 

Mai.li.nckrodt, Edward, president of the 
chemical works whicli bear his name, and which 
ha\e a reputation extendin_o^ even beyond the 
limits of the United States, is a St. Louis man 
in e\ery sense of the word, and he is one of those 
citizens \\ho ne\er tire in their efforts to advance 
the city's interests and to uphold its good name 
whenever and wherever it may happen to be 
assailed. He was born in this city forty-eight 
years ago, and is the son of Mr. Kniile Mallinck- 
rodt, a nati\-e of Prussia, who settled in this citv 
some sixty years ago, when there were no 
houses in St. Louis west of Third street, and 
when all the business was done within a stone's 
throw of the river. He at once proceeded to 
active business and is spoken of by writers of 
the day as one of the first real estate dealers 
who operated extensively in St. Louis property. 

He laid out the cit\- of Bremen, which was 
looked upon as almost a distant suburb of St. 
Louis, and he was prominent in the construc- 
tion of the bridge over (jin Grass Creek. He 
married JVIiss Ellen Luckie, a member of a very 
jirnminent family which had settled in Missouri 
])rior to the marriage taking place. Mr. Mal- 
linckrodt continued in active business for many 
years and his death, which onlv occurred in 
May, l.S!t2, was mourned by hundreds of friends 
and admirers of this grand old .\merican gentle- 
man. 

Edward Mallinckrodt was born in St. Louis, 
January 21, 184;'). He was educated in the 
public school, and then, in order to acquire a 
thorough knowledge of chemistr\- in e\er\- 
branch, he went to Crermany, aiul for ten \-ears 
studied in the Weisbaden Chemical Laboratorv, 
returning to this country in 1S(;7 thoroughh- 
equipped for the magnificent career which lay 
before him. Mr. Edward at once associated 
himself with bis two brothers. Otto and (iustav 
X., both of whom are now deceased. The 
three brotliers formed the firm of Cr. Mallinck- 
rodt ^: Company, and commenced the erection 
of works at Second and Mallinckrodt streets. 



The site was peculiarly appropriate, as a farm 
worked by Mr. Emile Mallinckrodt had occu- 
pied it, and the street was named after him. 

The works were small compared with the 
colossal establishment of to-day, but they were 
constructed in approved fashion and equipped so 
as to make it possible to manufacture chemicals 
of every description. ( Ireat success attended the 
efforts of the concern, which in 1882 was incor- 
porated as the ALiUiuckrodt Chemical Works, 
with the subject of this sketch as president and 
exclusive manager, which arduous and important 
position he has held ever since. By giving per- 
sonal attention to every detail and giving the 
business the advantage of his excellent training 
and profound chemical knowledge, Mr. Mallinck- 
rodt has succeeded in making for the company a 
reputation second to no chemical house in the 
world, and orders are constantly received not 
only from every distant State, but even from for- 
eign lands. 

The trade of the West and Southwest is sup- 
plied almost exclusively from the St. Louis 
establishment, but owing to the increasing 
demand from eastern and European houses, 
another very large plant was put in at Jersey 
City during the 80's. The output of this house 
is very large and is cliiefl}- disposed of through 
the company's New York office. 

The St. Louis works occupy an area of up- 
wards of five acres, and find steady emplo\nieut 
for about 300 persons. Chemicals of everv 
description are manufactured and the verv best 
grades produced which are needed for medicinal, 
photographic and analytical purposes. Con- 
stant improvements and additions to the works 
ha\e made them uniquely complete and excel- 
lently adapted for the great business transacted 
in them. Their success has had a marked 
influence on the growth of the northern section 
of the city, which the Mallinckrodt family did 
so much to build up, and the name is geuerallv 
respected and looked up to throughout the 
whole of North St. Louis. 

Besides suijerintending the business of the 
gigantic concern Mr. Mallinckrodt acts as ])resi- 
dent of the National .\nnnouia Compan\- with 



V2r, 



OLD AND NF.W ST. LOUIS. 



headquarters at oOlS North Broadway. Vix. 
Mallinckrodt organized this company in I'S'Si' 
with a capital stock of S600,000 and has deve- 
loped it into a very large producer of auiniouia 
and aninionial products. He is also president 
of the Pacific Chemical and Ammonia Company, 
and also of the Colonial Ammonia and Chemical 
Company, all of which are engaged in the manu- 
facture of anhydrous ammonia, carbonate of 
ammonia and other similar products with works 
located in St. Louis, Xew Jersey, Philadelphia, 
Wilmington, Delaware, Detroit, Milwaukee, 
Denver, San Francisco and other cities. 

In addition to these positions and duties, Mr. 
Mallinckrodt is also director of the Union Trust 
Company and of the Chemical National Bank, 
and a member of the Merchants' Exchange, the 
St. Louis Club, the University Club and the 
Round Table. He married in June iy7(>, Miss 
Jennie Anderson, daughter of Charles R. Ander- 
son of this city, and he has one son, Edward, Jr. 

Mr. Mallinckrodt is naturally of a retiring 
disposition, and has not sought notoriety of any 
kind during his successful business career in 
St. Louis. That, however, does not alter the 
fact that he has beeu instrumental in aiding the 
industries in the northern portion of the city in 
a remarkable manner, and he is looked up to l)y 
an immense number of citizens as one of the 
best informed and careful manufacturers and 
commercial men in the West. He has not 
taken an active part in politics, but has a record 
for generosity and unostentatious philanthropy 
difilcult to duplicate. He resides with his fam- 
ily in a handsome residence on Vandeventer 
place, and occupies the foremost position as a 
solid and substantial resident of the West End. 

RiE.SMK\i;k, Loris TupxjdorI':, was born Sep- 
tember 2(i, l.s.')7, at the town of Bielefeld, (Ger- 
many. His father was an official at the Circuit 
Court, and a gentleman held in \-ery high regard 
in his native land, where he died when his son 
was only ten years of age. Mrs. Riesmeyer, the 
daughter of a school teacher, died in the follow- 
ing year, leax'ing Louis Theodore an orphan at 
the age of eleven. 



He had, duriug his parents' life-time, beei 
educated at the Gymnasium of Bielefeld, anc 
he continued his studies until the year 1872 
when, an opportunity arising, he emigrated t( 
the United States and became an apprentice t( 
a retail druggist in St. Louis. He attendee 
the .St. Louis College of Pharmacy, where h( 
graduated with highest honors in 187(5. Late 
he studied medicine and graduated at the Mis 
sonri Medical College in 1883, having the bono 
of being first in the talented class of that >ear 

Immediately after graduating he recrossed tin 
Atlantic and continued his medical studies a 
the Royal University of Berlin, having th^ 
benefit of the instruction of the noted surgeon 
Professor E. \'. Bergman, and also studying 
pathology under Professor Rudolph Virchow. Ii 
the year 1884- he returned to St. Louis and begai 
to practice medicine and surgery. 

In 1885 Dr. Riesmeyer was appointed firs 
assistant to the chair of surgery at the St. Loui 
Post-Graduate College of Medicine, and he wa 
also appointed lecturer on surgical pathology 
retaining both positions until February, LSltl 
when he resigned. In August of the same yea 
he was elected to the chair of ]>hysiolog\- at tlr 
Beaumont Medical College. In l<sil:> he ex 
changed this chair for the chair of pathologica 
anatomy at the same institution. 

The Doctor is in practice as a ph}sician, mak 
ing a si)ecialty of general surgery. He is ad 
mitted to be oue of the most talented surgeon 
in the West. He is a member of several med 
ical associations, including the St. Louis, Mis 
sissippi Valley and the Society of (lerniai 
Physicians of St. Louis. He is also presiden 
and an active member of the St. Louis Micro 
scopical Society. He is chief physician to tk 
medical department of the Alexiau Brothers 
Hospital; editor-in-chief of the .SV. Louis Afrd 
/ra/ l\c~i'ie7i', and has contributed many papers ti 
various medical journals. Among these are 
"Irrigation of the Stomach in Obstruction o 
the Bowel," which appeared in the S/. Loiii 
Medical Rcz'ii-a'; "Surgical Tuberculosis" anc 
' ' Reports of the More Important Surgical Case 
Treated at the St. Louis Post-Graduate Colleg( 



BIOCRAPHICAf. APPENDIX. 



and Hospital," iii tlie Courier of Medicine; 
" Multiple Tnl)erculosi.sF(illi)\viiig Wound Infec- 
tion," read before the St. Louis Microscopical 
Society; "Primary Tuberculosis of AIanimar\- 
Gland," "^Multiple Tubercular Osteomyelitis 
Following Extraction of a Tooth," " Laparoto- 
my for Parametritic Abscess," all read before the 
St. Louis Aledical Society of German Physicians. 



M.D., is the son of 
,vho will be remeni- 



HrxiCKK, William G. 
Herman August Hunicke 
bered by members of 
the older generation 
as a prominent mer- 
chant and hatter of 
St. Louis prior to 
and during the war. 
His mother was a 
daughter of Dr. John 
Luethy, who will also 
be remembered as a 
physician with a rep- 
utation which spread 
o\-er a \-ery large 
area. 

William (L at- 
tended the public 
schools of St. Louis 
and also had the ad- 
vantage of consider- 
able stud\- in Europe. 
When twenty years 
of age he entered the 
St. Louis .Medical 
College, and after 

taking the full course of three years he obtained 
his degree and entered the City Hospital, where 
he practiced for a year. 

He then crossed the .Vtlantic once more, in 
order to ac(|uire the proficiency which a lengtlu' 
course of study in Strassburg, X'ienna and ISerlin 
promised, and when he came back to St. Louis, 
aboiU ten \ears ago, he was welcomed b\- his 
brother physicians as a man liberally endowed 
with that knowledge which we know is power. 

He at once commenced to practice his profes- 
sion, and now has his office on Washington 




DR. WrULIAn G. HUNICKE. 



avenue, with Dr. (). E. Forster, who was his 
friend in IjonIumkI days and who is still more his 
friend now. .\s an oculist Dr. Hunicke is ex- 
ceptionally successful, and he is consulting ocu- 
list of the \\'abash Railroad, as well as of St. 
\'incent's Orphan Asylum, St. Mar\'s Hospital 
aiul the City Hospital. 

In 1884 the talented young j^hysician married 
Miss Adolphine Weinenger. Miss Weinenger 
was a resident of Vienna, Austria, being a near 
relative of Cardinal Archbishop Gangelbauer, of 
that city. Since his 
marriage Dr. Hun- 
icke has contributed 
largely to the med- 
ical press and is a 
member of theVerein 
Deutscher Aerzte. 

Dr. Hunicke has 
before him a career 
of great tisefulness. 
He is respected 
highly by members 
of all medical schools 
and is rightly re- 
garded as a coming 
man. His studies 
both at home and in 
Europe have given 
him a knowledge of 
medicine of the most 
valuable kind, and 
both as a physician 
and an author he 
stands in the front 
rank. He is a nuui of excejitional po]iularit\-. 

P.oi'X'KELKR, AnoLi'iirs, was born in War- 
stein, Westphalia, Germany, June 22, IMT. 
He was educated in the common schools and 
gymnasium of his own country, and came to 
vSt. Louis in l.S|(i. He secured employment in 
the city as a journeyman builder, and proving 
an exceedingly competent and conscientious 
worker, he found it easy to secure and retain 
lucrative positions. At the end of three years 
he had saved enough money to start in business 



328 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



in a very small way, builcling a saw mill run b_\- 
horse-power; and in the following years asso- 
ciating himself with Mr. Frederick Schulenburg, 
he established a steam saw mill. This partner- 
ship continued for no less than thirty-six years, 
until 1880, when Mr. Schnlenburg withdrew. 

About the year 1851, Messrs. Boeckeler, 
Hirschberg & Company opened up a planing 
mill, and in 18.')4 thev built a saw mill in Still- 
water, Minnesota. This mill was operated 
under the title of Schulenburg, Boeckeler & Com- 
pany, and soon obtained a very prosperous busi- 
ness. The two firms with which the subject of this 
sketch was so prominently identified carried on 
their operations separately, but their relations 
Ijecame more and more intimate until the build- 
ing of the saw mill at Stillwater led to what was 
practicalh- a consolidation. 

The firm of Boeckeler, Hirschl)erg&; Company 
underwent several changes until it became Schn- 
lenburg & Boeckeler, and A. Boeckeler & Com- 
pany succeeded to the saw mill business in 
St. Louis. In 1880 all these concerns were 
amalgamated, and a company was incorporated 
under the name of the Schulenburg & Boeckeler 
Lumber Company, with Air. Boeckeler as presi- 
dent; Mr. Charles W. Behrens as secretary; 
.Mr. L. C. Hirschberg, treasurer; and Mr. E. L. 
Hospes, of Stillwater, vice-president. Since 
the death of Mr. Behrens and Mr. L. C. Hirsch- 
berg in 1889, Mr. Boeckeler's oldest son, Will- 
iam Lassen, has been secretary and general 
manager of the company. 

Thanks very largely to the never-tiring energy 
and well-directed enterprise of the president, the 
corporation has grown in importance and wealth 
with great rapidity, and it is now one of the 
largest and wealthiest lumber concerns in the 
West. It handles an immense quantity of lum- 
ber of every description, and its yartls, which 
extend along the river front from North Market 
street to Palm street, are a scene of continual 
activity. It has been said that corporations 
have no conscience, but this company has a 
reputation for integrity and fair dealing which 
shows that the adage is sometimes at least a 
slander instead of a truism. 



Mr. Boeckeler is a hard working, energetic 
man. \\'lien he came to St. Louis the city hac' 
less than I'd, ()()() inhaljitants, and was a com- 
paratively unimportant town, and he has riser 
with it, pinning his entire faith to it and work- 
ing his way up the ladder to influence and afflu- 
ence. He has acquired both, and to-day then 
is no man in St. Louis who is more respectec 
and admired than Mr. ISoeckeler. He is a mem- 
ber of the Commercial Club and a director ir 
the German Savings Institution, besides beinc 
a prominent man in a \-ariety of other under- 
takings. 

Laidi.KV, Lkonidas H., M.D., was born Sep- 
tember 20, 1S44, in Carmichaels, Pennsylvania, r 
village situated in_ the beautiful valley of tlu 
;\Ionongahela river. His father. Dr. Thomas H. 
Laidlej', a medical gentleman, in his day knowr 
as an able physician and respected as a worth} 
citizen, reared twelve children, the subject o: 
this sketch being the tenth child. His mothei 
was a daughter of the Hon. Hugh Barclay, o 
Pennsylvania, a well-known gentleman in the 
halls of the Legislature of that State. 

Reared in a medical atmosphere, he was earh 
taught to revere the medical men of that day, 
which gave him a desire to enter the professior 
honored by his father and so kindly regarded by 
him. As earl}- as at the age of ten ^-ears he waj 
placed in the flourishing institution — Greene 
Academy — located at his nati\-e place. His edu- 
cation was directed with a \ie\v to entering the 
medical profession. He continued in school, 
spending his leisure moments in his father's 
ofifice, until the year 18f!(), when he entered the 
Cleveland Medical College. The following yeai 
he entered the Jefferson Medical College, at 
Philadelphia, Pennsyh'ania, attending the 
hdspitals of that medical center and enjoying 
the teaching of the most noted medical faculty 
of that day, including Professors Dunglison, 
Gross and Pancost, who made a history for 
medicine in America. Graduating from this 
institution in the spring of 18(;8, he entered into 
active practice with his father and lu'other. Dr. 
Jne). B. Laidley. 



r 




c0? ^^^Xe,/.^ 



r^H Xih'.lPHfCAL .l/>/'/-:XDlX. 



( )\vin.i;' to the limited field for study in that 
comimuiity, he went to Xew York, where he 
entered Bellevue Hospital Aledical College; here 
he took a higher and more thorough course, and 
gradtuitod with distinguished honors in that 
institution in 1S72. He immediately returned 
home, and not finding a sufficiently large field 
for a successful and extensive practice, located 
in St. Louis in the spring of 1872. 

Early in his career he showed a decided love 
for the humanitarian side of his profession, or- 
ganizing, in company with a few others, the 
"Young Men's Christian Association," to 
which he gave especial attention to the sick 
applying for aid to that institution. His work 
grew in such proportions that a free dispensary 
was organized, which was the nucleus of the 
Protestant Hospital Association, giving to this 
cit\- one of the most prominent institutions of 
its kind. As a teacher of medicine lie was earlv 
engaged; he was called to fill the chair of anat- 
omy and chemistry in the Western Dental Col- 
lege of this city. He continued in this posi- 
tion until two years later, when he was called 
to the chair of surgical diseases of women at the 
organization of the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of St. Louis. After five years of suc- 
cessful work, he resigned with eight of his 
colleagues. Having attained a reputation as 
teacher, he was again called to the chair of sur- 
gical diseases of women in the Beaumont Hos- 
pital Medical College on its organization, which 
position he still holds. As a writer he has con- 
fined his work to the reports of his cases, which 
lia\e been large in number, especially in the 
field of surgery, to which branch the doctor has 
given his untiring attention. He has been 
identified with the profession as a member of 
the American Medical Association, Medical 
Societies of Pennsylvania and Missouri, Ameri- 
can .Vssociation of (iyiuecologists and Obste- 
tricians, the St. Louis .Medical Society, in which 
he has held offices at various times. 

In l.S,s;i he went as a delegate to the lSriti-.li 
Medical Association held at Liver])ool while he 
was visiting the lios])itaIs at Edinburgh, Lou- 
don and Paris. He now holds the position of 



professor of surgical diseases of women at the 
Beaumont Hospital Medical College, surgeon to 
the Protestant Hospital, and consultant to the 
Female Hospital of this cit\-. 

He married Miss P^^lizabeth I^atta, daughter 
of William Latta, Ivsq., of I^ancaster, Ohio, iu 
tlie year l-SSO, from which union the\- ha\-e two 
l)right children. 

Li'Tz, Frank Joseph, M.D., sou of John T. 
and Rosiua (Muller) Lutz, was born in the 
city of vSt. Louis, ;\Iay 24, ISj.'). F'rom a \'ery 
early age he displayed a natural disposition for 
study, and applied himself most studiously. At 
the age of fourteen he went to Europe and laid 
the foundation for his classical education in a 
Prussian gymnasium remaining until 1>>72. 
He conceived the idea that home would be more 
preferable than abroad, so returned to his native 
city. 

He immediately entered the vSt. Louis Univers- 
ity and by close and constant study graduated 
with distinguished honors in 1874, securing for 
himself the degree of A.B. This tended to 
inspire him with a desire and ambition to 
become a professional man, so he sought instruc- 
tion in the St. Louis Medical College and grad- 
uated with the degree of M.D. in 187(). The 
Doctor launched out into the field of medicine 
w ell equipped for a magnificent struggle to gain 
the front ranks of his chosen profession. Hav- 
ing well merited the confidence and esteem of 
the medical fraternit\-, he now figures most 
prominently iu their midst as chief surgeon of 
Alexiau Brothers' Hospital; also professor of 
surgical pathology and clinical surgery in Beau- 
mont Hospital Medical College. The Doctor was 
president of the IMissouri State IMedical Society in 
l.s.s.s and l.ss;); president of the St. Louis Medical 
.Society iu ISi'O and is now surgeon of the St. 
Louis and San F'rancisco Railroad and consult- 
ing surgeon to the St. Louis Cit\- and Female 
Hospitals. 

In every-day life the Doctor is social and 
agreeable, easily approached and friendly and 
genial in his intercouse with his fellow-meu. 
Through persistent and untiring energy the 



330 



OLD AND NEW Sr. LOl'IS. 



Doctor has gained the front ranks of his profes- 
sion, and as a surgeon stands pre-eminently in 
the foreground. He is the recipient of the re- 
spect and esteem of all who know him. 

The Doctor was married in June, 11SS4, to 
Miss May Silver, a lad\- of rare accomplish- 
ments, and one who is all a wife should be. 

Aal, Albert Alfred, who is at the head of 
the Parisian Cloak Company, and one of St. 
Louis' most substantial citizens, first set his foot 
on American soil on the day President Ivincoln 
was assassinated, and since that time the record 
of his success had been unbroken. London, 
England, was the place of his birth and l^^rl 
the year. He is the son of Bernard and Flora 
Aal, the latter being a daughter of David Delaro, 
the eminent linguist and the thorough master of 
more than a dozen languages, who was for many 
years one of the faculty of Manchester LTnivers- 
ity. In 1S(;2 the parents emigrated to America, 
Ijut Albert was left in England in the care of 
relatives in order that he might complete his 
education. At the town of Gravesend, a town 
located at the mouth of the Thames, the lad 
spent the latter days of his school life and here 
he graduated and immediately thereafter sailed 
to join his parents in America. 

For some time after his arrival in this country, 
Mr. Aal was connected with several amusement 
enterprises, which caused him to visit Europe 
on business. After his return to America he 
located at Chicago and went into the cloak 
manufacturing business, a line of business 
which, as it was practically unknown in the 
West at that time, Mr. Aal must be considered 
a pioneer. The demand for cloaks at that time 
was not heavy, as only two styles were worn, 
and it would perhaps be interesting to all 
ladies to know that many of the styles which 
now supply the demand are due to the ingenuity 
and originality of Mr. Aal. 

After a year or two he became connected with 
the firm of Siegel Bros., of Chicago, a companv 
that at present is represented by houses in fif- 
teen cities of the United States. He was located 
here until bS.S."), when the firm, recognizing his 



absolute reliability, selected him to come to St. 
Louis to establish a branch house. The ven- 
ture \vas a daring one, as no experimental evi- 
dence existed that a house dealing exclusively 
in cloaks would pa\-, but the astute manager 
estimated the conditions exacth', and such was 
the abilit>- of his management tluit from the 
first year's business the returns amounted to 
SUM), ()()(). 

Mr. Aal's sagacity and discernment were also 
shown in the matter of the location of the Paris- 
ian Cloak Company. Tempting offers were 
made to induce him to locate on F^ourth street, 
then the leading thoroughfare of the city, Init 
he foresaw the movement of business westward, 
and located on the north-east corner of Wash- 
ington avenue and Broadway, a better location 
than which does not exist for the business. The 
increase of the business has been steady and 
phenomenal, until to-day it is the largest and 
most important house of the kind in the world. 
From the s UK), 000 of the first year, Mr. .\al 
had increased the trade to the volume of 
S4-i."),00() in 1891. Again and again have the 
growing demands of the trade compelled the 
enlargement of the premises, and the Parisian 
Cloak Company now occupies n:ore floor space 
than au)- other cloak company in the world. 

Mr. Aal has demonstrated his right to a posi- 
tion among the leading business men of the 
West, and as he is still in the prime of life, his 
expectations are great. Being a man of great 
determination, of uncommon industry and talent, 
his success in life is considered most natural liy 
all who know him well. He is a public-spirited 
citizen as well as a successful businessman, and 
is alwa\'s willing to lend his aid to anv scht-nie 
ha\'ing {ox its purpose the adx'ancement of the 
cit\'s interest. 

In politics he is a Democrat, and was for souie 
time a member of the well-known Iroquois Club 
of Chicago. He is a ^lason of high degree, is a 
member of the Royal Arcanum, of the National 
I'nion, of the Owl's Club, and is connected with 
five clubs of a private nature, besides. 

He nuirried Miss Frankenstein, of Chicago, 
ill IS.SO. The\' have four children: Joseph, 



BR ^CRAPirrCAL APPENDIX. 



.•!:51 



Ralph, Benianl aiul Jennie. The family lives 
part of the time in St. Louis and part of the 
time in Chicago, in botli of which cities Mr. 
Aal owns elegant residences. Both in St. Louis 
and Chicago, Mr. Aal and family have a large 
circle of friends and are deservedly popular 
among society leaders. 

FoRSTER, (). E., M.D., one of the leading 
physicians of the city, was born September 21, 
l'^')^i, and is hence a much younger man than 
his liigh standing 
in the medical world 
would appear to in- ' 

dicate. His father, 
Marquard Forster, 
was born in Bavaria, 
but came to America 
and settled in St. 
Louis some thirteen 
years before the birth 
of his justly popular 
son. Mr. Forster, 
Sr., identified him- 
self with the brew- 
ery interest soon af- 
ter his arrival in St. 
Louis, and has, for 
many years, been 
looked u])on as one 
of the prominent 
brewers of a city in 
which the brewing 
of beer has been re- 
duced to a science. 
Dr. Forster's mother was a 1; 
having been brought to tl 
parents when she was onI\- nine \-ears of age. 

Dr. Forster's early education was acquired 
in the j)ublic schools, and choosing medicine as 
his profession he attended the St. Louis Med- 
ical College, taking a three years' course and 
graduating in issL He then had a better 
medical training than a large number of prac- 
titioners, but recognizing the need of fur- 
ther experience, he continued his studies in 
Europe, taking a five years" course in the uni- 




of Switzerland, 
countr\- b\- her 



versities of .Strassburg and Bonn ( (Tcrmany ), and 
\'ienna, Austria. During these five years he 
gave his special attention to diseases of the 
throat, nose and ear, and on his return to this 
city in 1887 he became assistant throat, nose 
and ear physician in the Missouri ]Medical Col- 
lege, retaining the position until l^*it(). 

In addition to a very extensive practice as a 

specialist in the diseases mentioned. Dr. Forster 

had made himself quite a reputation by his very 

able contributions to the press on such difficult 

topics as " I^olypus 

__^ of the Xose," the 

" Treatment of Tu- 
berculosis" and the 
" Bona Fide Advan- 
tages and Reverse of 
Dr. Koch's World- 
reudwued L>inph." 
Dr. Forster is en- 
tirely wedded to his 
profession, and has 
1 not allowed himself 

to be drawn on one 
' >ide by the alluring 

influences of politics; 
hence it was because 
"f" k of his .sterling ability 

I as a physician that 

/: he was appointed a 

member of the City 
I'.oard of Healtli in 

— ^ April, is;i;i. He has 

hOk.Hii.k. devoted to the du- 

ties of the office very 
thoughtful care, and his advice has on several 
occasions proved valuable in the extreme. 

BoviJ, Tru.sten Bkowx, .son of David M. 
and F^lizabeth (Brown) Boyd, was bt)rn in 
Indianapolis, on Christmas day, 18.')-1. His 
father was one of the early settlers of Indiana, 
having come to the capital of that State on 
horseback. He had established a cabinet-mak- 
ing business in Indianapolis, and subsequently 
conducted a furniture establishment there. He 
is still li\ing at the age of eighty-three years. 



832 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOl US. 



Youn<j Mr. Boyd received a preparatory school 
education in his native town, and when fifteen 
years of age he left school and started out to 
make a name and fortune for himself. He 
secured a position as railroad clerk in the freight 
departnrent of the old Bee Line, remaining in a 
clerical capacity for two years. In 1<S71, when 
only seventeen years of age, he was appointed 
cashier of the road at headquarters in Indian- 
apolis, being one of the youngest men ever hold- 
ing a position of such responsibility and trust. 
In 1879 he resigned his position and came to 
St. Louis, with the intention of becoming inter- 
ested in the furnishing goods house of Wilson 
Brothers on Fourth street. 

In the following year he purchased a half 
interest in the business, the name of the firm 
being changed to Wilson Brothers & Boj'd. 
Two years subsequently he purchased the 
remaining moiety and became the head of the 
firm of T. B. Boyd & Company, which is now 
recognized as one of the finest and highest class 
gentlemen's furnishing establishments in the 
West. For six }'ears Mr. IU)yd carried on an 
exceedingly successful and prosperous business 
on Fourth street, during which time the Boyd 
shirt in particular attained a reputation in a 
number of States, and mail orders are still re- 
ceived for them every day. Mr. Boyd was 
one of the most enthusiastic supporters of the 
Exposition in its early days, and he made one 
exhibit in the year 18.S() which probably at- 
tracted more attention than anything attempted 
before or since. He had a room fitted up in the 
highest style of effeminate luxury and had an 
" old bachelor " sitting in an easy-chair in the 
gaze of thousands who \-isited the F^xposition. 
B\' the clever alternation of a live man and a wax 
figure, which resembled each other closely, the 
interest in the exhibit was maintained through- 
out the entire Exposition, and many hundred 
pairs of gloves changed hands over bets as to 
whether the " old bachelor " was a live man or 
not. Mr. Boyd has been a director in the Ex- 
position and Music Hall Association for six 
years, and is now its president. 

ShortK- after "old batchelor" success, Mr. 



Boyd found it necessar\' to mo\e to more com- 
modious and modern quarters, and he accord- 
ingly secured the magnificent premises on Olive 
street in the Commercial Building which he 
now occupies, and where he has more than 
doubled his annual business. This is a remark- 
able compliment to the firm's reputation, and 
another one which is still more significant i.= 
the manner in which St. Eouisans who have 
moved elsewhere will remember the establish- 
ment and send in their orders from their new 
homes. The retail business transacted since the 
opening of the present handsome store on Olive 
street is surprising, and ]VIr. Boyd is one of the 
few men who does not find it necessar^• to talk 
" hard times." Mr. Boyd's exceptional activity 
and the high respect entertained for him l)y 
people of all classes combine to ensure success 
of the most gratifying and continuous charac- 
ter. 

While building up his establishment, Mr. Boyd 
has supported every enterprise l>rought before 
his notice having for its object the im]irove- 
ment of vSt. Louis and the betterment of its pop- 
ulation. He was one of the charter memljers of 
the Mercantile Club, in which organization he 
is a director. He is a member of the Legion 
and Knights of Honor, and a hard worker in 
connection with the I'nion '\\. V.. Church. He 
is highly respected both in and out of the city, 
and is of an exceptionally kindly and generous 
disposition. 

He married in bS7(! Miss lunily Tousey, of 
Indianapolis, a daughter of 01i\'er Tousey, a 
promineiit merchant of that cit>-. He has two 
sons, Da\'id Milton, Jr., and Ingram Fletcher, 
l)oth of whom are now studying at the Smith 
Academy. 

(tAVI.ori), Samuel Augustix, sou of F;rastus 
and Sarah ( Messenger) Gay lord, was born in 
Pittsfield, New York, March 29, 1832. He is 
of New England descent on both sides, his 
father being a native of New York and his 
mother of Connecticut. He was educatetl in 
the public schools, and recognizing that noth- 
ing would more surely help him in the battle 




<j\j'(^- 



f ^ 



BIOCRAPHICAl. APPENDIX. 



of life which faced him tliaii a thonm.i^h 
business trainiuii', he studied with unusual dili- 
gence, and at the ao;e of seventeen was well in- 
formed and qualified to engage in either com- 
mercial or professional pursuits. 

At this period in his life he very wiseh' de- 
cided to come west, and in 1S4!I he located in 
St. Louis, securing a jiosition in the then im- 
portant banking house of George E. H. Gra\ & 
Company. He remained with the firm for three 
years, and in 1S52 secured a more lucrative 
position in the Boatmen's Savings Bank. His 
invariable courtesy, attention to business and 
general ability attracted the attention of the 
management, and as teller of the bank he made 
quite a brilliant record. 

Afterten years' connection with the Boatmen's 
Bank Mr. (xaylord resigned, and with his father 
established the brokerage house of Erastus Gay- 
lord & Son. After the death of Mr. Gay lord, 
vSr. , the firm became Gaylord & Levenwortli, 
and after Mr. Levenworth's retirement, Mr. 
John H. Blessing was taken into the firm, under 
the style of Gaylord & Blessing. This is one of 
the leading brokerage houses in the West, and 
does an immense business in stocks and bonds 
of all kinds, except only those of the wild-cat 
order. 

During his ft)rt\-four years of residence in this 
cit\- Mr. (ia\'l(ird has made an unique record as 
a man of sound intelligence and sterling integ- 
rity. His judgment has protected his clients 
again and again, and very large sums of money 
are placed in his hands from time to time for 
investment. He has made a study of financial 
and market conditions and has reduced the usual 
process of guessing to a science. His partner, 
Mr. Blessing, has been connected with the house 
since INti'.i, and has been a ])artner since ISSl. 

Mr. Gaylord has not taken an acti\-e part in 
politics, though his advice has been frequently 
.sought by the city's financiers. He married in 
l«(i(i Miss Frances A. Otis, of Batavia, New 
York, who died in l^Ttl, leaving two children, 
one of whom is now connected with the firm. 
His second wife was .Miss Clara 1'. Billon, of 
St. Louis. 



(iiK.SO.x, Chaklk.S Eudox, a promising young 
lawyer, who has inheritetl many of the gifts i)f 
his distinguished father, is the subject of this 
brief sketch, wdio was born in St. Louis October 
:i!i, l.S(i(». His father is the Hon. Charles Gib.son, 
patriot, scholar, orator, eminent lawjer, states- 
man and patron of literature, whose distin- 
guished merit has been rewarded by a high 
title of nobilit\' conferred l)y a European mon- 
arch. 

Through his father the \-oung man is des- 
cended from the Gibsons of Virginia, a name 
that has been conspicuous throughout the entire 
history of the Old Dominion. Through his 
mother, who was Virginia Gamble, daughter of 
Archibald Gamble, he is related to the old and 
prominent St. Louis family o{ that name. 

Young Charles E. was educated in the St. 
Louis public schools, finishing at the High 
School, from which he graduated with honors. 
He had long before this elected to follow the law 
as a calling, and on leaving school began to 
stud\- in his father's office. Under such an 
excellent preceptor he finished his course and 
was duly admitted to the bar in June, 18^0. 

He became associated with his father and at 
once demonstrated his adaptability to the calling 
by the assistance he was able to render the 
former. This arrangement continued up to 1 •*>''^!', 
when, through the admission of Judge Bond into 
the firm, its st\ le became Gibson, Bond X: Gib- 
son. In l.s;(2 Judge Bond was re-elected to the 
bench of the Court of Appeals, and the firm again 
became Gibson & (jibson, as wdrich it is known 
to-day. 

In politics Mr. Gibson is a Democrat. He is 
unmarried. 

Coi.Lixs, Monroe R., Jr., is a man whose 
name is familiar to most St. Louisans. He was 
born and reared in this city, and his family is a 
conspicuous one, he being the grand-nephew of 
Jesse and Peter Lindell, and one of the princi- 
])al heirs of the vast estate of that wealthy 
familv. Especially is .Mr. Collins well known 
in real estate circles, not only on account of the 
wide extent of his deals in that line, but also 



834 



OLD AND NEW ST. L017S. 



l)ecaiise of the rare business energy and ability 
he has brought to bear on the business. 

He was born February 8, 1854, and received 
the finishing courses of his education at Wash- 
ington University. On leaving school he en- 
tered on a mercantile career, beginning as a 
clerk in the wholesale grocery house of J. D. 
Wells & Company. In 18711 he entered into a 
partnership with Delos R. Haynes, and together 
they embarked in the real estate business. This 
arrangement continued up to 1884, when the 
partnership was dissolved and he organized the 
firm of which he is the present head. 

He does a regular real estate business, rents, 
buys, sells, collects, acts as agent for investors, 
etc., and the history of his transactions have 
been marked by the large number of important 
transfers he has closed and the number of big 
foreign investors he represents here. Remark- 
ably sound judgment has characterized all his 
moves in the real estate field, and to this is 
doubtless due his conspicuous success. Mr. 
Collins was induced b\- his friends se\'eral years 
ago to become a candidate for the House of 
Delegates. He was elected, and during his 
incumbency made a most efficient and able 
public servant, acting as chairman of the ways 
and means committee and as speaker pro tem. 

Mr. Collins is a young man, and from what 
he has already accomplished gives great promise 
of rising to a high position in the commercial 
world. 

CUMMING.S, John Campbell, A.M., M.D., 
son of Robert E. Cummings and Mary Campbell 
Cummings, was born in Washington count}-, 
Virginia, July I), 1.S27. He was educated at 
private schools and at East Tennessee Uni- 
versity, where he graduated witli credit in 1.S4S. 
He then studied medicine with Dr. James 
Paxton in Knoxville, Tennessee, and also had 
the advantage of instruction from Dr. G. B. 
Wood. He graduated in 1.S.'>1 and went to New 
Orleans. Ten years later he joined the Louisi- 
ana troops at Yorktown under (reneral M. 
Magruder. He served faithfully throughout the 
war as an army surgeon, witnessing much 



bloodshed and alleviating an innnense amoun' 
of suffering. 

The war over he returned to New Orleans anc 
in 1868 volunteered his services during the epi- 
demic of yellow fever. While attending th« 
victims of this scourge he became convinced o 
the correctness of the homoeopathic theory, o 
which school of medicine he has since been s 
leading exponent. In 1877 he was electee 
professor of clinical medicine at the Missouri 
Homoeopathic College. 

He was the first to suggest a homoeoijathic 
hospital for children in St. Louis, and was one 
of the four first visiting physicians of the hos- 
pital. He is now professor of the St. Louis 
Children's Hospital, president of the St. Louis 
Homoeopathic Society, and a member of the 
Western Academy and State Institute of Homoe- 
opathy. On May 2, 18(i7, about eight years 
before his removal to St. Louis, Dr. Cummings 
married Mrs. V. A. Logan, daughter of Judge 
J. R. Nicholson, of Mississippi. 

Bright, WrLLL\M, son of Samuel and Mar\- 
( Farmington ) Bright, was born in Cheshire, 
England, in the year 1830. His parents were 
not in affiuent circumstances, and he attended 
school very irregularly until he was tweh-e 
years of age. In April, 1.S44, he left England 
altogether and accompanied his uncle to Amer- 
ica. The new-comers located in St. Louis, 
which at this period, seventeen years before the 
war, was a river town just coming into promi- 
nence, but with a comparatively small traffic, 
even on the Mississippi. 

Young William's early career here was beset 
with trouble. His uncle died in 184.5, leaving 
him, at the age of fifteen, entirely alone and 
among comparative strangers, with very little 
money. He was not discouraged, however, but 
hunted up work, and in October, 1845, secured 
a position as errand-boy in the type foundry of 
.Mr. A. P. Ladew. Very little type at that time 
was made in this section of the country, the 
hulk of the manufacturing being in Philadelphia 
and the Ivast. .Mr. Ladew's foundry was the first 
in the West, ha\-ing been started here in 1840. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



The new errand-lioy became jjopiilar with liis 
employers, and soon rose l:)otli in tlieir esteem 
and in the o;rade of work lie was called upon to 
perform. He was promoted from position to 
position, and filled each with a painstaking care 
which commended itself to all with whom he 
came in contact. In the year 1861 it was de- 
cided to incorporate the company as the St. Louis 
Type Foundry, and Mr. Bright, who was then 
in the office doing clerical work, was elected 
secretary. He retained this position for twenty- 
five years, and in 188tj, on the reincorporation 
of the business, he was elected president, a po- 
sition he still holds. 

The company is now one of the largest in the 
country. It does a very large business in St. 
Louis and throughout the entire West and South, 
its specialty being the manufacture of labor-sa\- 
ing t}'pe, paper cutters and Mustang mailer. It 
has equipped hundreds of newspaper offices in 
the towns which have sprung up in the West 
during the last quarter of a century, and its lib- 
eral treatment is proN'erbial in the newspaper 
fraternit\-. It also carries a \-ery large line of 
type, printing and printers' uiachinery for job- 
bing houses, and is relied upon in an emergency 
by many of the large houses west of the Missis- 
sippi river, as well as a \ery large number east 
of that di\-iding line. 

For o\-er thirt\' years it carried on a large bus- 
iness in paper and paper suj^plies, it having 
been the oldest paper warehouse in the Missis- 
sippi \'alley; but the rapid increase of its t>-pe 
and press business compelled it, a short time 
ago, to relinquish this branch, the good-will of 
which was sold to one of the large paper houses 
in St. Lduis. The capital of the company is 
sl20,0ii(t.(in, and under Mr. P>right's energetic 
management it is increasing its business everv 
mouth. It has a special reputation for carrying 
complete lines of novelties and new ideas in 
type and sundries, aiul it is second to none in 
its enterprise in this regard. 

Mr. Iiright's career has been a remarkable one. 
The expression, " a self-made man," scarceh- 
covers his career. He has been connected with 
the same house for nearly fifl\- years, and ha\- 



iug started in on a salary barely sufficient to 
provide him with food and lodging, he is now at 
the head of the undertaking, a respected and 
prosperous man. His steady rise has been in a 
great measure due to his own individual charac- 
ter, and he is regarded to-day as one of the most 
honorable men to be found in business of an\- 
description. 

.Mr. Bright's success has involved a great deal 
more than the accumulation of personal wealth. 
No man has done more than he has to bring the 
type-foundry business to the front in the West, 
and his influence has been felt over a very large 
field. Not only has he built up a highly pros- 
perous business, but he has formed connections 
running over a vast area, many of the points to 
which he ships being on the other side of what 
have long been regarded as type-foundry centers. 
The shipping trade, both by express and freight, 
has assumed proportions of great magnitude, 
and he has popularized St. Louis as a printers' 
supply point to an extent not alwavs recog- 
nized. His relations with his customers in 
distant States have been of the most pleasant 
character. 

He was last married in the \'ear 1.S7.S to Mrs. 
Cornelia A. (rleason, and has five children. He 
resides in a semi-suburban home on Forest Park 
boxilevard, near Newstead avenue, and at the 
age of sixty-four is in the enjoyment of vigorous 
health and energy. 

Crawford, HrCrU A. — Few men in the West 
have more important or more diversified busi- 
ness interests, and few men su.staiu the weight 
of heavier commercial cares or administer their 
details with a wiser or more decisive ability than 
Mr. Hugh A. Crawford, who came to St. Louis 
in I.S74 from Pennsylvania, which he hails as 
his nati\-e State. He was born in Newcastle, 
in January, 1.S44. His mother's maiden name 
was Mar\- R. List. She was a superior woman, 
and his father was Alexander L. Crawford, 
whose hi.story is the history of the iron indu.stry 
of the great iron producing vStates of Pennsyl- 
vania, Wisconsin, Ohio, Tennessee, .Michigan 
and Indiana. 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



He was a poor Ijoy and had to make his own 
way in the world, but the qualities of success 
were born with him. As his life afterwards 
proved, he was a remarkable man in many re- 
spects, and all w-ho knew him were impressed 
with his wonderful energy and dash. Although 
he seldom erred in business he was venturesome 
even to the point of rashness, and it is stated on 
good authority that he bought the first iron roll- 
ing mill he ever saw, ran it himself and made out 
of it the first year enough money to pay f(.)r it 
in full. 

While living iu Newcastle, Air. A. L. Craw- 
ford built the J?J.wSi Iron Works and ,?itua Blast 
Furnaces, and owned largely in the Crawford 
Iron and Steel Works; owned blast furnaces at 
New Wilmington, Pennsylvania; Lowell, Ohio; 
Terre Haute, Indiana; and was largely inter- 
ested in iron and coal mining in Pennsylvania, 
Ohio, Indiana, Missouri and Tennessee. He 
was also one of the organizers of the Pittsburgh 
& Ashtabula Railroad and the Newcastle X: 
Beaver \'alley Railroad, and built and owned 
the Nashville & Knoxville Railroad at the time 
of his death at his home iu Newcastle, April 1, 

He was e\eu then, although iu his se\euty- 
sixth year, actively engaged iu the management 
of many vast enterprises, and right up to the 
close of his career he was a conspicuous and 
striking example of that great factor of American 
life, the self-made man. He amassed a great 
fortune, but it was by his own legitimate effort, 
and it was used in the employment of labor and 
developing and benefiting the country. He 
was a man of rugged honesty, and many traits 
of his character were made forcibly apparent, as 
was to be expected in a man who built the fabric 
of such a magnificent success and impressed 
himself so deeply on the commercial and manu- 
facturing history of his time. 

Hugh A. Crawford was educated iu the pul)lic 
schools until he was seventeen years old, when 
he took a position as weighing clerk iu one of 
his father's mills at Newcastle. At the end of 
a \ear he was promoted to the position of a ship- 
ping clerk, which last named position he also 



held one year and then quit the mill to take a 
course at Iron City Commercial College, at Pitts- 
burgh, Pennsylvania. When he finally left col- 
lege he took charge of a coal mine, in which he 
held an interest, iu Mercer county, Pennsylvania, 
a place he held for nine }ears, or until 1874, in 
which year he came to St. Louis to take the 
management of the ^Missouri Iron Company, and 
act as vice-president and purchasing agent of the 
St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock Railroad. In 
l.SHo he was made president of the Missouri Iron 
Company, and about the same time he was 
elected president of the Sligo Furnace Com- 
panv, which had been organized in ISSd. The 
St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock Railroad was 
organized in 1871, and as such operated until 
1886, when it was sold to the St. Louis & San 
Francisco, i\Ir. Crawford being connected with 
the road up to that time. Both the ^Missouri 
Iron Company and the Sligo Furnace Com- 
pany, under Air. Crawford's management, have 
licen In'ought to a most successful and pros- 
perous condition. Both are located in Dent 
count)-, Alissouri, and the former is engaged in 
the mining of iron ore and is capitalized for 
s;',()0, ()()(); capacity of the Sligo Furnace is 
17,000 tons of pig iron each year, and it is oper- 
ated by a capital of $100, 000. 

Mr. Crawford's business interests are very 
diversified and far-reaching. He is president of 
the Champion Laud ^ Lumber Company, of St. 
I^ouis, operating in Alissouri land and lumber; 
he is \-ice-president of the Nashville & Kno.xville 
Railroad of Tennessee; he is the first vice-presi- 
dent of the Continental National Bank, and has 
been a director since 1879, when it was a State 
bank located on Third street. In lM>f9 it was 
made a national bank, and since then it has been 
moved from Third to F'ourth and Olive, and its 
capital increased from $100,000 to $2,000,000. 
He is director of the Vigo Iron Company, of 
Indiana, with a capital stock of $.")(), 000; a 
director of the Wabash Iron Company, of Terre 
Haute, Indiana, capital, s.S(),000; Gadsden Iron 
Company, of Alabama, capital, $12j,000; Craw- 
ford Coal Couipau)-, of Indiana, and of the 
Union Trust Company, of St. Louis; and presi- 



lUOGRAPinCA I. APPKNDfX. 



(km of Crawford Coal (S: Iron Company, of Ten- 
nessee, capita], $1, ()()(),()()(). 

In character .Mr. Crawford is positive, decis- 
i\-e and enero;etic. 

.Mrs. Crawford was .Miss Jndith H. Ivvans, of 
this cit\-, to whom he wa.s married in l.STS, and 
wlio for her many \irtues retains the lii,y;li 
esteem of a wide circle of friends. 

h'fXKiior.SKR, RoBKRT .MoxKoi''., AI.D., son of 
Kol)ert .M. and Sarah Johnson Fnnkhonser, was 
born in St. lyouis, De- 
cember 10, lS.-)(). his 
father beiny at that 
time a prominent 
merchant. YonnL; 
Robert was educa- 
ted at private schools 
in this city, and then 
entered the l^niver- 
sity of \'iri^inia, 
where he graduated. 

He pursued his 
studies at Dartmouth 
College, Hanover, 
New Hampshire, 
where he graduated 
in IS?], taking the 
(It ;.;rees of Master of 
Arts and Bachelor of 
Arts. After this he 
entered Columbia 
Law School, of New 
York City, studying 
both law and medi- 
cine and graduatint^ i 
Laws. 

He again graduated in 1.S74 from the medical 
(Upartment of the liniversity of New \'(irk, and 
adiipling medicine as his jinjfession, practiced 
Inr one \ ear in the hos])itals of the great metro])- 
(ilis. In l.ST.') he returned to St. Louis and 
served for three years as assistant demonstrator 
of the Missouri Medical College. 

In l.STC Dr. Funkhouser to(jk an acti\e ])art 
in tlu' founding of the Beaumont ]\Iedical Col- 
lei^e, holding the chair of clinical surgery until 
22 




DR. R. M. FUNKHOUSER 



Bachel 



l<S!ll. .-Vmoug his present eni;agements the 
Doctor is consulting physician to the City and 
I'Vmale Hospitals, is surgeon to the vSouth Side 
DisiK'Usarv, and is also a prominent nieud)er of 
the .American Medical .\.ssociation. State Med- 
ical .Association, St. Louis Medical .Association, 
and .Medico-Chirurgical Society. 

The Doctor was married in September, 1.S.S2, 
to .Miss Cantrell, of Virginia, by whom he had 
one child. He married a .second time, in Sep- 
tember, ISltl, .Miss (loodding, also of Virginia. 
He is a prominent 
Mason, and a mem- 
l.)er of the Legion of 
Honor, and .stands 
very high in the es- 
timation of the gen- 
eral public. He is 
still in the prime of 
life, and is e\'ery 
year establishing 
himself more thor- 
oughly as one of the 
leading physicians of 
the West. 

KlXKAI.V, MlCIIA- 

K 1. , the s o n o f 
James and Margaret 
( .McOauren ) Kin- 
eal\-, was born in 
Cavau, Pro\-ince of 
Ulster, Ireland, Sep- 
teud)er 7, ls;i,"). He 
was educated in the 
"old .sod," taking the preparatory courses of 
])ri\ate schools and at Kilmore Academy, and 
finishing at Oueeu's liniversity, now Royal 
I'niversitv, graduating in IX;").') as a civil engineer. 
.\fler this he worked a short time at his ])ro- 
fession, or until he was elected assistant of the 
Ci\il bhigiueeriug Institute of Ireland. 

Feeling a desire to lr\ his strength in a wider 
field, he left the institute and went to England, 
where he wa-. c-mi)love(l in the office of a designer 
of iron ships. His next move was to Canada, 
which he reached in IS.j?, and soon secured 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



emplovinent in the eiij^ineer's office of the Grand 
Trunk Railway, but in tlie same year went to 
Chicago, tlien to Wisconsin, and in l.s.')H came 
to St. Louis. 

Here his abilities soon met with recognition 
in an appointment to the jirofessorship of 
mathematics and cheinistry in the Christian 
Brothers' College, a place he held until he en- 
tered the Federal army in LSIiH. At the close 
of the war he began the study of law, and since 
his admission has jjracticed that profession most 
successfully. 

In 18(!1 Mr. Kinealy was married tOvSarah J., 
daughter of Ralph Briscoe, of Ralls county. Of 
this union five children have been born. 

XiJLKi-K, \Vii.i,iA.\r F., son of John F. and 
Anna Maria t Bergman ) Nolker, was born at 
Osnabruck, Hanover, December (i, 1840. He 
was educated at private and public schools in 
lMiro])e, and at the age of sixteen came to this 
countr\-, landing at Baltimore in the year IS.'iT, 
and remaining a few weeks with relatives in 
thai cit\-. His first employment was in the 
Western Hotel, Cincinnati, which was then 
under the management of his brother, and he 
subsequently worked for two years as general 
utility man in the St. Charles Restaurant. His 
ne.xt work \vas as street railroad conductor, and 
after a year of this employment he was appointed 
messenger at the bank of Fallis, Young & Com- 
pany, now the INIerchants' National Bank. 

He was paid -S'iOO for his fir.st year's work, 
and when he left the bank in 18(53 he was earn- 
ing but three times that stipend. He next be- 
came cashier in the wholesale hardware store of 
E. G. Leonard & Compau)-, and while on the 
pay-roll of this companx- he served for three 
months in the One Hundred and Thirty-se\enth 
Ohio Infantry \'olunteers. ]\Ir. Xolker re- 
mained with Leonard & Company until \x^u\ 
when he entered the employ of William H. 
Shoenberger, of Cincinnati, who established 
the \'ulcan Manufacturing Company, of which 
Mr. Xolker was appointed general manager. In 
l.S(i7 Mr. Shoenberger retired and :\Ir. Xolker 
continued the business alone until the vear 1S7:>. 



He showed great tact and enterprise while 
in charge of this establishment, and he handled 
a number of patents very sitccessfully. He even 
went so far as to change the scope of the manu- 
facture, dropping bolts, rivets and spikes, and 
turned his attention to light machinery. 

In 1878 Mr. Xolker sold out and at once 
moved to St. Louis, in which city he has since 
become a leading capitalist and business man. 
Soon after locating here he married, and spent 
six months in Europe with his bride. Return- 
ing he purchased an interest in the brewery oi 
Brinckwirth & Griesedieck, the firm name being 
changed to Brinckwirth, Griesedieck & X'olker. 
In l'S78 JNIrs. Brinckwirth retired, and her inter- 
est was assumed by her son. In June of the 
following year, ^Ir. Frank (rriesedieck died, and 
the firm was reorganized under the name of 
I'riuckwirth & Nolker. 

In 1882 the concern was incorporated under 
the laws of the State as the Brinckwdrth-Nolker 
Brewing Company, with Mr. Nolker as presi- 
dent. In 1889 the company, consolidated with 
eighteen other large St. Louis breweries, form- 
ing the St. Louis Brewing Association, the 
largest corporation of its kind in the world. Mr. 
Nolker was appointed treasurer of this enormous 
concern, and he handles the large sums of 
money which pass through his hands with 
great abilit\-. 

This brief sketch of Mr. Nolker's career shows 
him to be a self-made man. He has never been 
afraid of work, and in his younger days accepted 
any position wdiich provided the means for earn- 
ing an honest livelihood. His zeal and integrity 
have enabled him to acquire wealth, infltience 
and respect. He is now sotiglit after whenever 
an important mo\-ement is projected, and there 
are few men in .St. Louis who stand higher in 
public esteem. 

He is a director of the (Terman-American 
Bank, the Mississippi Valley Trust Company, 
and a member of the executive committee; a 
director of the Madison Car Company; \-ice- 
president of the Krein-Nixdorf Manufacturing 
Com])any; president of the Kock H\(lranlic 
i'.rick Machine Comiiaux ; a director in the 



1^ «&^ f 







nn n.RAPUK a l appendix. 



Compton Hill Iiiiprovement Company, and in 
the Fair Grounds Association. He is also con- 
nected with other important organizations. 

.Mr. Xolker married on June •'>, hS7.5, I\Iiss 
Louisa Briuckwirtli, daughter of Air. Theodore 
Hrinckwirth. Mrs. Nolker died in Jul\-, Ls.s;;, 
leaving five children: Frederick, Laura, Louis, 
William and Robert. 



\'.vLi.K, Jn.K.s Fki 
was born in St. Loni 
was given a good 
general education in 
the schools of St. 
Louis and atthe\'ir- 
ginia Military Insti- 
tute. On January 
1'4, ISSO, he was 
married to Mary .\. 
Clover, daughter of 
Judge H. .\. Clover, 
and graduated at the 
St. Louis Medical 
College in 1885, and 
afterward spent a 
year as assistant pin - 
sician at the Cit\- 
Hospital. Then leav- 
ing the hospital he 
sjient two years tra\- 
eling in Kurope and 
cnmpleting his stud- 
ies in medicine and 
surgery, and since 
liis return to St. 
Louis he has been 

He is an active mei 
ical vSocietv, the St. 
Soci 



tx.— Dr. Jules Felix \a\\< 
, December -'s, IS,")!). Ht 




DR. JULES F. 



in regular practice, 
iber of the St. Louis Med- 
I^onis Medico-Chirurgical 
.■ty and the St. Louis Society of Obstetrics 
ud (iyntccology. He is chief of obstetrical 
linics in the St. I/niis Medical College and a 
Kiiiber of the staff of .St. l^uke's Hospital, and 
- also consulting gyiuecologist to the Female 
l"-pital and physician to the State Blind School. 
Dr. \'alle has alread\- built u]) a \aluable 
r.iclice, and ranks as oik- nf tile skillful pli\- 
ieiaus of the citv. 



Cook, Dougla.s G., was born in Chicago, June 
o, 1847. His father, Isaac Cook, was born in 
New Jersey, and was, in the days before the war, 
a prominent politician and newspaper man of 
the Windy City, hi l.sr)4Mr. Isaac Cook, with 
two partners as assistants, started a paper named 
Yoint^q- A7nerica, in Chicago, whose main prin- 
ciple was an undying .support of Stephen A. 
Douglas, who was a close friend of the elder 
Cook, young Douglas being named for tiie great 
Illinois Democrat. .\ few years afterward the 
name of the i)aper 
was changed to the 
Chicago Tillies.^ by 
which it is known 
to-day. 

Mr. Cook, the 
elder, was the ruling 
spirit of the paper, 
and a ver\' promi- 
nent man in affairs 
of Chicago before 
the war. He was a 
man of great origi- 
nality of thought and 
idea, and carried for- 
ward every scheme 
he laid his hand to 
with great enthusi- 
asm and energy. .Mr. 
Cook's mother, 
Harriet Cook, was of 
Phiglisli parentage, 
her family name be- 
ing Norton. She died 
IS.");;, while little Douglas was 



111 Chica.i 

still of a very tender age. 

hi the fall of IS-V.i tin- elder Cook sold out his 
interest in the Cliicago 'fiii/is and eaiiu- to St. 
Louis, where lie started the .\iiierican Wine 
CoinpauN'. The coinpaiu- was merged into a 
corporation, under the laws of .\hssuuri, in IMiT, 
with Isaac Cook as president. He continued as 
thechiefofTicerandmanagerof the company until 
his death, in hSXC, at the ripe age of seventy-five 
vears, whereupon Douglas (L Cook became ])res- 
ideut and has acted in that capacity ever since. 



340 



Ol.n AND XEW ST. LOUIS. 



Wx. Cook spent liis youth like most Ikjvs, in 
attending the common schools. He took the 
academical courses at Christian Brothers' Col- 
lege, Notre Dame, Indiana, and was making 
further preparation for college at Amherst, but 
was interrupted, called home and his school 
days ended. 

Mr. Cook is now at the head of a wine business 
as extensive as is to be found anywhere in the 
United States. The wine produced is celebrated 
evervwhere, and the label bearing the name 
" Cook" on a bottle of wine is looked upon as a 
guarantee of its excellence. Indeed, the person 
who will acknowledge that he does not know 
and like Cook's Extra Dry Imperial Champagne, 
argues himself not to be a connoisseur of wines. 
Such experts as George Augtistns Sala and the 
Lord Chief Justice of England have pronounced 
it the equal of any champagne in existence. 

The Cooks have demonstrated that just as 
good wine can be produced in America as any 
grown by La Belle France, and the merit of the 
wine has spread their fame and the name of 
St. Louis all over the globe wherever there are 
cultivated tastes which demand that nectar of 
the gods — champagne. They get their grapes 
from Sandusky, Ohio, where they control exten- 
sive vineyards, and where a special variety of 
grapes grown is known as the "Cook grape." 
The firm employs thirty men constantly at its 
vaults here in St. Louis. The principal reason 
why IMr. Cook has been able to bring the bus- 
iness founded by his father to a point of such 
gratifying success, is his thorough knowledge of 
the bu.siness. He entered his father's business 
as a shipping clerk, and has worked himself 
from bottom to top, mastering every detail of 
the business thoroughly as he progressed. 

Raxd.m.i., J. Harkv, was born in St. Louis, 
April 4, l.STO. He is the son of John H. 
and Emma ( Lewis) Randall, and received his 
primary education at the connnon schools of the 
city, finishing at Washington University. He 
showed a marked taste for art, and went through 
that dc])artment of the universitv, graduating 
therefrom in 1S.S4. 



After leaving the uni\-ersity he fitted himsell 
in a business way by taking the course at John- 
son's Commercial College, where he graduated 
in I?S88. His first venture of a business nature 
was assistant for J. B. Legg, the architect, b\ 
whom he was employed for three years. After- 
wards he became the junior member of the firm 
of Randall & Son, and subsequently opened ar 
office on his own account. 

He is now doing business as an architect, 
under the firm name of J. Harry Randall iS: Com- 
pany A number of splendid buildings stand ir 
St. Louis as monuments to and illustrations o 
his architectural skill. Among others thai 
might be mentioned are the famous Randal 
Terrace, at the southeast corner of Garrison anc 
Lucas avenues, and the Virginia Building, at 7:ii 
Olive street, owned by D. L. Addington 
Among numerous residences which he ha; 
erected which might be mentioned are those o 
L. H. Lohmeyer, B. T. Nelson and W. S. Bell 

In all his designs symmetry,- and elegance an 
found side by side, and in e\-ery dwelling-hous< 
planned b)- him, special features of marked vahi( 
are noted. Mr. Randall is an originator and no 
a copyist, and his popularity as an architect i: 
largely the result of this. 

Mr. Randall was married to Miss Birdi( 
Viah, of Montgomery county, Missouri, in ISSSI 

French, Pin'Ckxhv, M.D., comes original!) 
of good old New England stock, whose virtue; 
he illustrates in liis own energetic and success 
ful career. His parents were Isaac C. anc 
Malinda '\l. French. He was born in Audraii 
county, Missouri, May 10, 1852. His earh 
education was limited to the ordinary schools o 
the neighborhood in which he was brought up 
but having a marked taste for study he succeedec 
in getting a good general English education. 
Deciding to devote himself to the medical pro 
fession, as being the calling most in accord witi 
his tastes and best adapted to useful and success 
ful exercise of his abilities, he entered upon : 
regular course of stud\- under Doctors W. H 
Lee and John S. Potts, both leading physicians 
of Audrain counlv. His career as a medica 




^(S^ 



BIOGRA nine A [. APPENDIX. 



;;4i 



student was such as to raise lii.tjh anticipations 
in tlie minds of his friends as to his future in 
medicine. 

Following' liis course of readiu"', he uiatricu- 
Lated at .Miami College, of Cincinnati, Ohio, 
from which institute he o;raduated in IS?;'). 
His course of college training was characterized 
l)v close application to his studies and by that 
clear and practical comprehension of the princi- 
ples involved in the branches of surgery which 
ha\e marked his sulisequent career. The Doctor 
immediately located 
in his native town, 
.Mexico, Missouri. 
Here his high attain- 
ments and superior 
al)ilities as a phvsi- 
cian soon became 
recognized, and he 
rapidly built n]i a 
large ]iractice which 
he continued to hold 
with increasing suc- 
cess and reputation. 
In a few )ears he 
was appointed sur- 
geon of the Chicago 
& Alton Railroad, 
and surgeon of the 
\Val)ash Railroad, 
the former of which 
positions he con- 
tinued to hold until 
July last, when he 
resigned so as to 
give attention to other more pressing duties. 

In l.S7!t he was elected president of the i\Ied- 
ical Society of Audrain County. The following 
year he was honored by the board of curators 
of the iMis.souri vState Universit\- with the ap- 
pointment to a membership on the board of 
medical examiners of that institute, whicli 
position he held for se\eral )ears. The Doctor 
was elected the first vice-president of the Mis- 
souri State IMedical .Association in 18<S2, and was 
professor of surgical anatomy in the College of 
I'hysicians and Surgeons, of Chicago, Illinois, 




tluring the )'ears 1882 and 188;'), resigning to 
resume his general practice. He was during 
this time associate editor of the surgical depart- 
ment of the Western Mcd/ail aiui Si/ro/ca/ 
Ri-poiic)\ of Chicago. 

In 1X8;") he went to Europe for the purpose of 
acquainting him.self with the rapid progress of 
modern sciences, more especially those pertain- 
ing to medicine. The Doctor visited many 
hospitals of renown, observed and stiulied 
closely the branches of surgery, and gained much 
useful information 
a n d k n o w ledge. 
Here he was closely 
associated with some 
of the most eminent 
physicians and sur- 
geons that the world 
had e\er produced. 
Returning to this 
country he found 
that the strides of 
])rogress had made 
St. Louis a city of 
great desirabilit\' as 
a place of residence, 
and Dr. French, like 
man\' other men of 
]) regressive and 
liberal ideas, left his 
native t o w n a n d 
came to this city. 
He became at once 
connected with the 
College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons, which chair he held until 
1890. Having acquired a good practice auiong 
the best families of this city, the Doctor thought 
well of making vSt. Louis his permanent home, 
and in LSilO he moved his family and took uj^ 
his residence on Washington a\enue. More 
recently he has erected one of the handsonu-sl 
residences of Delmar aveinu'. The I )octor takes 
great pride in his new honu-, which is one of 
the finest homes in every respect in .St. Louis. 
.Vbout this time the Doctor became interested 
in the organization of the Marion-Sims College 



PINCKNEV FRENCH. 



I 



542 



OLD AND XF.W ST. LOUIS. 



of ^lediciiie, and was elected secretary of its first 
board of directors and also its first faculty. He 
was elected professor to the chair of the principles 
and practice of surgery and clinical surgery, 
and continued to hold same until the spring of 
1892. The Doctor's experience in this depart- 
ment of his profession gives evidence of his 
being an interesting and popular teacher, plain, 
practical, ready of language, clear in expression 
and discrimination in the enforcement of his 
conclusions. At all times has he been in sym- 
pathy with his students and has ever looked to 
their interest and advancement in their studies. 

In his profession the Doctor has no limit to 
the scope of his abilities. 

He also conceived the idea of rearing in our 
midst an institution of medical learning, built 
upon a true foundation of proper management, 
and established upon a policy of instruction 
which would be recognized the world over. 
Thus the "Barnes Medical College" had its 
birth. With the aid of Doctors Hughes and 
Carpenter a board of directors was at once formed, 
and the Doctor was made secretary, virtually 
placing within his hands the management of an 
in.stitutiou which has had its birth in prosperity, 
and with a phenomenal beginning will soon 
grow with unparalleled success until it stands in 
the foreground of the profession, the representa- 
tive medical institution of the West. 

Doctor P'rench is now in the full vigor and 
strength of manhood, with all his faculties 
unimpaired. He is a man of great sagacity, 
quick perception, sound judgment, noble im- 
pulses and remarkable force and determination of 
character. Honorable in every relation of life, 
and of nnblemi.shed reputation, lie commands the 
respect and confidence of all who know him. 

Among the many associations of which he is 
a member may be mentioned the Surgical Asso- 
ciation of the Wabash Railroad, of wliich he is 
now president; the Missouri State Medical Asso= 
elation, the American Medical Association, the 
Mississippi Valley Medical Association, the St. 
Louis Medical Society, and he is consulting sur- 
geon to the St. Louis City Hospital. 

The Doctor married in Februarv, 1.S74, Aliss 



Lucv P. Ouisenberry, of Boone county, ]\Iis- 
souri, a lady of varied accomplishments, and 
of unusual brillianc\- of intellect and conversa- 
tional powers. 

Fr.\n"Ciscu.s, J. ]\I., Jr., the son of J. Vi.. 
Franciscus, vSr., one of the pioneers of St. Louis, 
whose connection with its commercial life as a 
successful banker h.as already been enlarged 
upon in this work. He was a native of Balti- 
more, ^laryland, but the son was born in St. 
Louis in IHIiti. Young James was given an ex- 
cellent education, which was completed at the 
Washington University. 

Subsequent to graduation he made his entry 
in commercial life as a clerk for the Simmons 
Hardware Company, with which he remained 
two years. His next position was in the 
airditor's office of the Wabash Railroad, where 
he also acted in a clerical capacity for a term of 
eighteen months, and left there to take the 
position of book-keeper for the Third National 
Bank, with which he remained three years. In 
l.ssn he joined the real estate firm of ^^loffetl iS: 
Franciscus, in which he is still junior and acti\'e 
partner. 

Mr. Franciscus acted as commissioner for the 
Lindell estate, administering its affairs with 
excellent judgment and to the satisfaction of all 
concerned. He was placed under a bond of 
.•^7lH),0()(), and that he readily gave it shows the 
high confidence rejDosed in him by the business 
community. He also acted as special commis- 
sioner for the D. A. January estate, giving a 
bond of §485,000. 

In many other ways Mr. Franciscus has dis- 
pla>ed singular aptitude for the management of 
large estates. The firm of which he is a niem- 
l)er has a reputation for relial)ilit\- and sound 
judgment wiiich is not excelled in the entire 
cit\-. In addition to what may be termed the 
realty brokerage department it also acts in a 
confidential capacity for its clients, all of whom 
place the most imi)licit confidence in it. 

He is an acti\'e clul)-mau, being a member of 
Ijoth the Mercantile and St. Louis clubs. In 
is;i2 he was appointed a member of the Mul- 



niOCRAPinCA I. APPENDIX. 



.'14.''. 



I!o 



l)ut after 



()iijuiit- li', IMM), Mr. Franciscus was mar- 
ried to Miss Catherine Ci. Lindsa}', dau.tjhter of 
Captain A.J. Lindsay, a retired army oflficer. 
Two cliildren ha\-e been born to tliem, one of 
wliom, named James Lindsay Franciscus, is 



)HX Blasdi 
ieml)er of ai 



the 



-known 



.SiiAri.i-: 
physician, 
St. Louis family. 
His father, Augustus 
F. vShapleigh, is as- 
sociated with a great 
many jirivate and 
jiublic interests, is 
liead of tlie great 
liardware house 
bearing his name, 
and is the possessor 
of great wealth, and 
stands high among 
his fellow-citizens 
because of his rec- 
worth and 
ty. The 
f this sub- 
before her 
marriage. Miss Eliz- 
abeth A. Umstead. 
The Doctor is a 
iiati\c of this cit\', 
and was born Octo- 
ber ;il, l.s.'.T. He 

was educated at Washington l^uiversity, from 
which he graduated in 187.S, with the degree of 
.\.\\. In order to fit himself for the jiractice of 
medicine he entered the St. Lou is Medical College, 
and received his degree of M.D. iu 1 s,s l . As 
t horoughness has always been oncof the character- 
istics of the youngphysician, he was not satisfied 
to begin jiractice on graduation, as is generally 
done, but entered th.e City Hospital, spending a 
yearthere and practicing in the St. Louis Female 
Hospital for an equal length of time, gaining \-alu- 
able practical experience in both institutions. 



ognized 

i n t e g r 
mother 
ject was 




Uk. J. B. SHAPLEiaH. 



He had reached the wise conclusion that only 
through specialization could the ])hysician attain 
the highest results in his ])rofession, and he 
therefore began to turn his attention to diseases 
of the ear, etc. He went to F^urope and studied 
his specialty for a term under the eminent spe- 
cialists of Vienna, Austria. In IcSfSy he returned 
to St. Louis and began practice, and has met 
with a most flattering degree of success. He 
has won recognition from his professional breth- 
ren, and his services as au instructor are held in 
high esteem. He is 
clinical professor of 
diseases of the ear 
in the vSt. Louis Med- 
ical College, and is 
aural surgeon on the 
staff of St. Luke's, 
the St. Louis Prot- 
estant, and the 
Evangelical Deacon- 
ess hospitals. He 
holds membership in 
tlie St. Louis Med- 
ical S()ciet>-, the City 
Hospital M e d - 
ical Society, the 
.\merican Acadeni}- 
of Medicine and the 
.\mericau Otological 
Society. 

In p.ilitical appli- 
catiou Dr.Shapleigh 
is a Republican; in 
religious matters he 
subscribes to the doctrine of the Presbyterian 
Church, of which he is an influential member. 
The Doctor was married October i^T, issii, to 
Miss Anna F. Merritt, of St. Louis. Thev have 
two children — a son and daughter. 

KiXKAi.v, Jas. R., one of the rising young 
attorneys of the St. Louis bar, is a native of 
Missouri, being boni at Hannibal, July 17, l.S(i2. 
His father, Michael, and his mother, Sarah 
Jane (Briscoe) Kinealy mo\ed to St. Ivonis 
county, near the citv, in bSilii, and young James 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



attended the jxiblic schools until the age of 
twelve, at which period he was sent to Christian 
College and spent four years within its walls. 
Next entering Washington University, he grad- 
uated therefrom in 1«8;5 as a civil engineer. 

He followed this calling for a short time after 
leaving .school, hut could not resist the strong 
aspirations within him to follow in the footsteps 
of his father, and he accordingly entered the 
latter's office and began the work of fitting 
himself for the law. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1884, and since that date has built up a 
splendid civil practice, to which department of 
jurisprudence he devotes his talents. 

In 18i»l Mr. Kinealy was honored by being 
made president of the Washington University 
Alumni As.sociation, and is also supreme chan- 
cellor of the I^egion of Honor. He is unmarried. 

Stifki,, O'i'To P"., was born in St. I^ouis, 
November 4, isiii, and is a leader in that class 
of younger business men who are the present 
mainstay and the future hope of the commer- 
cial growth and progress of this metropolis. 
He is the son of Colonel Charles G. and Louise 
Stifel, the former one of the pioneers of the 
brewing industry in the West, who is yet living 
and is an honored citizen of St. Louis. The 
father was horn in Wurtemburg, German)', 
seventy-five years ago, came to America when a 
very young man and established a small brewery 
at Wheeling, West Virginia. After this he was 
engaged in various trading operations through- 
out the country until 1849, when he came to 
St. Louis and established the old City I^)rew- 
ery at the corner of Cherry and Collins streets, 
and this was the l)asis of the fortune he af- 
terward amassed. For many years he was 
known as a leader in the commercial life of the 
city, his capital being banking and furniture 
manufacturing, but of late years much of tlie 
care ol his business has devt)l\ed \\\>o\\ his only 
son, the subj^-ct of this sketch. 

The latter, after the regular preparatory edu- 
cational training, entered Washington Uni- 
versity of this cit>-. After the completion oi 
the prescribed courses there he went to (rer- 



manv, and in the School of Technology, at 
.Stuttgart, completed his education. Returning 
then to St. Louis lie entered his father's estab- 
lishment to learn brewing, one of the industrial 
a\ocations which requires as nuich m- more 
natural skill and schooling than many of the 
professions. After remaining in his father's 
brewery for some time he went to Chicago and 
afterward to Milwaukee and New York, spend- 
ing some time in each city perfecting himself in 
a knowledge of the science of lirewing, with the 
result that he returned to .St. Louis- with a 
thorough understanding of all the ])rocesses of 
the business and fully competent to assume the 
management of such a great establishment as 
that of his father. 

A few years ago, when the Stifel P>rewery was 
absorbed by the English syndicate, the directors 
of that body, recognizing his business talent and 
eminent fitness for the place, made him vice- 
president of the big concern, an oifice he yet 
holds. 

Mr. .Stifel has many genial, social traits, is 
popular both in business and social circles, is 
generous and liberal, and is a lover of good horses. 
He is an active club-man, holding membership 
relation with both the Mercantile and Union 
clubs. He is also a member of the Masonic fra- 
ternit)-. 

()n April ■'), 18tt;-J, he was married to Miss Ella 
Conrades, daughter of J. H. Conrades, the promi- 
nent furniture manufacturer of this city. 

Ro.MHAnu-;, Roderick E., the eminent .St. 
Louis jurist, is the son of Theodore and lierlha 
Rinnbauer, and was born in Hungary, Ma\' 1*, 
I'S;;;!. His father was pronrinently connected 
with ihc struggle for Hungarian independence 
in 1.S4.S-4!!, and upon the downfall of the revo- 
lutionary government became an e.xile. He 
went to England in 184!:l and thence to the 
I'niled .States of America, which was then, as it is 
now, the Mecca of European Republicans. His 
faniilx- followed him in 1N.">1, and became part 
of the Hungarian colony in the State of Iowa. 

Young Roderick was eighteen years of age 
when the decision was reached to seek a lu)me 



n/OCK. IPHICAL APPRNDTX. 



in America, and in 1S.");'> came with liis i)arents 
to St. Lonis, where many of their countrymen 
liad ah-eady fonnd a home. The youni; man 
liad received a good common school and 
cUis.sical education in the old country, so that 
immediately upon reaching St. Loui.s he went 
to Ouincv, Illinoi.s, and secured a position as 
assistant engineer on the C, B. & O., then 
Iniilding, he having studied engineering prior 
to coming to St. Lonis. He continued to assist 
in the construction of the road for about three 
vears, or until l<sr)(>, when, desiring to become 
a lawver instead of a civil engineer, he resigned 
his theodolite and at Quincy took up the study 
of Blackstone with Williams S: Lawrence, sub- 
sequenth- Chief Justice Lawrence, of Illinois. 

After .studying law thus for a short time he 
entered Harvard College, taking the full course 
and graduating therefrom in 1858, fully equipped 
to meet and solve both the problems of law and 
life. He at once returned to his old home in 
St. Louis, where, after being admitted to the 
bar, he shorth- afterwards opened an ofhce for 
practice. He began practice alone, but soon 
l)ccame associated with Mr. James Taussig, the 
firm doing business as Taussig & Rombauer, 
until the latter was elected to the bench of the 
Law Commissioner's Court in l.st)3. He held 
the wool-sack of this court until it was aboli.shed 
bv the adoption of the constitution of LSiiC, 
when he entered active practice again, opening 
an office with (L A. Finkelnburg as a partner. 

This partnership was dissohed in 18(i7, owing 
to the removal of Judge Moodey from the Circuit 
bench, and the appointment of Judge Rombauer 
to liisplace. He made a most impartial judge and 
filled the office with credit until, his term expir- 
ing in 1.S7 1 , he again took up his legal business. 
I'"or ten years he ]iracticed alone, increasing all 
the time the number of his clients and adding 
1(1 his ahead}' well-established reputation for 
abilit\ and legal .sagacity. In L"SX1 he took 
I)a\id C.oldsmith into his office as a partner. 
Shorth after the formation of this partnership, 
or in 1S.S4, Judge Rombauer was elected to the 
Cnurl of Ap]>eals, an office he still ()ccu]>ies at 
this writinsj. Since his ele\-ati(.>n to the l)ench 



the Judge has been called on to decide nuiny 
cases involving great interests and fraught with 
knotty legal problems; among others, the first 
important controversy between the city of St. 
Louis and the gas companies; and the case in- 
volving the controversy touching the stock of 
the State Bank of Mi.ssouri, between Capt. Jas. 
B. Eads and the State. 

He was the first judge rendering a decision 
setting forth the definitions of the fiduciary debt 
as referred to in the Bankrupt Acts of 1841 and 
18(37. This settled the matter as far as it could 
be settled by a State court, and was afterwards 
affirmed by the Supreme Court. The Federal 
courts later also adopted the same view. Judge 
Rombauer was also the successful attorney for 
the State in the cases involving the right of the 
State to subject the Iron Mountain Railroad to 
perpetual taxation, and the North Missouri [now 
Wabash] Railroad to the constitutional ordi- 
nance tax. 

Judge Rom1)auer is recognized among his 
brethren as a lawyer of splendid mental and 
legal attainments. His power of concentration 
and analysis is superb. His impartiality as a 
judge, and learning as a lawyer, are only equaled 
by his unimpeachable integrity as a man. He 
has devoted his life to the study of the civil law, 
and few jurists anywhere are better versed in its 
intricacies than he. 

Judge Ronil^auer was married while yet a 
struggling lawyer to Miss Augusta Koerner, of 
Belleville, Illinois, daughter of Governor Koer- 
ner, of Illinois. This mo.st fortunate event, as 
their subsequent lives have pro\-ed, took place 
in December, 18().j. They have had six children 
— three sons and three daughters. Two of the 
sons are following in the footsteps of their 
father, while the third, Alfred, is a mining en- 
gineer located at ISulte, .Montana. Theodore 
and Edgar are rising young attorneys of 
vSt. Louis. The daughters are named, respect- 
i\el\', I5ertha, Sophie and Inna. 

Jamics, Fraxk LowiiKK, ^LI)., son of Thomas 
Simmons and Laura ( Sjiauldiiig ) James, was 
born in August, bS-LJ, at Mobile, .Vlabama, 



346 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



where Mr. James, Sr. , was an engineer and 
architect in large practice. Frank L. receixed 
a good education in private schools in Mobile, 
and having made up his mind to follow a sci- 
entific career he went, when only fourteen 
years of age, to Germany and entered the PoI\- 
technic School at Carlsruhe in Baden. Sub- 
sequently he prosecuted his studies at the 
University of Munich at Bavaria, where he was 
for three years a pupil of the great chemist, 
Baron von Liebig, and other professors almost 
as famous. 

On the breaking out of the war in 18()1 he 
ran the blockade and returned to New York, ha\- 
ing secured from the university a certificate of 
competency. Pursuing his journey west and 
south, young Mr. James made his way through 
the Federal lines, and joined the Confederate 
arnn-. In addition to a great deal of arduous 
work in the field, Dr. James was employed in 
numerous scientific and confidential capacities 
during the subsequent four years. In l'S(i.") he 
surrendered with General Dabney Maury's army 
at Cuba Station, Missis.sippi, being paroled 
with the Twenty-second Louisiana Regiment of 
Gibson's brigade. 

After the war Dr. James traveled very exten- 
sively for two }ears, and in IMtiT he accepted a 
position on the editorial stafi' of the Memphis 
Appeal, now the Avalanche-Appeal, under 
General Albert Pike, and subsequently under 
Tyler and Keating. Being a very able and 
striking writer, he made great headway in 
journali.sm, but his eye-sight causing him anx- 
iety, he, in 1.S72, went to Mississippi county, 
Arkansas, where he spent several months in 
perfect repose, being compelled to have his eyes 
kept from the light most of the time. On re- 
covering the use of his eyes, the Doctor went 
to Osceola, .\rkansas, and resumed practice, 
drifting back, however, occasionally to :Mem- 
phis, where he did noble work during the vel- 
low fever epidemic. 

After this he traveled for another two years, 
and in l.S.s;» came to St. Louis, where he settled 
down to the practice of the profession in which 
he has since made a splendid record. He was 



ajJiJointed to the chair of chemistry in the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, holding the 
position for two years, during which he secured 
an "ad eundem degree " in the practice of gen- 
eral experimental chemistry. The Doctor is 
now in practice as a consulting j)h\sician, as an 
expert in chemical and microscopical exami- 
nation. His services are in request throughout 
the entire country, and the jDrofession generalh' 
recognizes that Dr. James is without a superior 
in microscopical investigations and examinations 
of a delicate character. His certificate carries 
great weight with it, and is invariably accepted 
as conclusive ex'idence. 

In his success Dr. James has not forgotten 
journalism, and his record as a writer is onK- 
second to that he has made for himself as an ex- 
pert chemical examiner and microscopist. In 
l,s,s;') he accepted the editorial chair of the 
.sy. Louis Medical ai)d .Surgical Journal , the old- 
est medical monthly in America, and which, in 
connection with Dr. A. H. ( )lnnann-I)umesnil, 
he now edits. In the following year he was 
appointed one of the editors of the Xalional 
Druggist. This he left at the close of l.S.s.'i, 
only to take full charge of it again on January 
1, l.sss. His contributions to this latter period- 
ical are practical and full of information, and 
make the journal of great \alue. In bs.sii he 
practically introduced the subject of hyj^notisui 
to the English-speaking people. It was then 
beginning to attract attention in France, and 
Dr. James, in a series of articles on hypnotism 
in the -SV. LmuIs Globe-DonocraL entitled 
"Ancient and Modern ^Miracles," at once di- 
rected attention to it in this country. The ar- 
ticle was copied into magazines published all 
over the English-speaking world. He still oc- 
casionalh- contributes both to the medical and 



secular press, and nis articles are ajJiM-eci- 
ated. 

The Doclcn- is unmarried. He is a man of fine 
])hysi(jue and handsome appearance, is a s])len- 
did conversationalist, and a man who at once 
inspires confidence. He has also strung individ- 
ualit\-, and has made excellent use of his o])por- 
tunities fi)r acquiring knowledge. He is a 



BIO(,R.\PH[CA[, APPENDIX. 



?A\ 



Master Mason, a Kni,i^lit of Pytliias, and a nieni- 
l)t'r of the St. Louis Medical Society, tlie Amer- 
ican Medico-Legal Association, of New York, 
the American Pharmaceutical Association, ]\Iis- 
sduri Pharmaceutical Association, and of the 
American Microscopical Society, ha\inw been 
])resident of the last named society and beintj 
now a member of the .^overnin"- board. 



)f J..h 



bori 



the 



1 Juhanii 
,ear 1.S4; 



RvAX, Frank K. 
H. ( Roomer) R\an, 
in Norfolk, Connect- 
icut. His father was 
a prominent citizen 
of Connecticut, and 
was at one time a 
memberof the Legis- 
lature. When P'rank 
was about eleven 
years of age h i s 
parents moved to 
Decatur, Illinois, of 
which cit\' Mr. John 
Ryan was postmas- 
ter from bSfiO to 
I'Sli?, in which lat- 
ter year the family 
moved to St. Louis. 

The subject of this 
sketch was educated 
at the Norfolk Acad- 
emy, at Norfolk, 
Connecticut, and 

subsequently at the ^ 

Christian Brothers' 

College in this city. He then studied law 
was admitted to the bar in the year bSTU, when 
he at once connnenced practicing in St. Louis. 
He attracted attention from the first bv his 
])rom])tness and keen appreciation of difficult 
legal ])oints, and his success as an advocate soon 
became proverbial. He .served as land commis- 
sioner of St. Louis under Mayors Britton and 
( )verst()lz, and filled other important positions. 

Mr. Ryan is a strong Democrat, and as chair- 
man of the executive committee nf the Demo- 
cratic State Committee, in the vear bsso, he did 




d hi 



yeoman .service for his party. The campaign 
over, he devoted himself once more exclusively 
to private practice, and soon became one of the 
busiest attorneys in the city. Mr. Ryan has 
been a very hard and painstaking reader, and is 
intimately acquainted with the intricacies of the 
law in this and other States. He has been called 
upon to conduct a number of very important 
cases in\-ol\ing the expenditure of large sums of 
money, and has been singularly successful in all 
his undertakings. He has a way of investigat- 
ing a case very fully 
when first submitted 
to him, and if he 
ad\ises active meas- 
ures, he leaves no 
stone unturned iii» 
pushing the client's 
interests. 

His opinions have 
been upheld by the 
highest courts, and 
unlimited confidence 
is accordingly placed 
in his advice. He 
is a num of very fine 
presence and as an 
advocate has earned 
esjjecial praise and 
congratulation from 
members of both 
bench and bar. His 
confident manner 
,M. and eas}- deli\-erv 

combine to make 
career at tlie bar a verv successful one. 



NiKMAXX, (k-.s-PAVK W. — Although l)orn in 
St. Louis, (iusta\-e W. Niemann, as his name 
indicates, is of (rerman origin. His father, 
William N. Niemann, came to St. Louis in 
1.S4."), soon eml)arked in business as a drv goods 
merchant, and for nuiny years maintained an 
establishment in that line on Franklin avenue, 
but closed it out in l.sy.'i and retired from active 
business. It was in this city that the elder 
Niemann met and married Custave's mother. 



84S 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



wlio was Minna, dau.i^^liter of Dr. Tranernicht, 
an eminent and well-known physician of St. 
Lonis before the war. 

Gustave wa.sbornJnly :^7, 1857, and is, there- 
fore, at this date, thirty-seven years of age, 
although, from his appearance, one would be 
led to the conclusion that he is not as old as 
such figures make him. In the public schools 
of this city he was given his education, and after 
he had finished the courses of study therein he 
made up his mind to fit himself for and adopt 
the law as a profession, and with such purpose 
in view entered the St. Louis Law School. 

In 1873, when his father retired from busi- 
ness, Gustave was sixteen years old, and as he 
was a shrewd and promising lad he attracted 
J:he attention of August Gehner, who offered him 
a situation in his office. He was industrious, 
quick and careful, invaluable qualities in such 
work as the investigation of titles, and as he 
rapidly demonstrated his capacity, substantial 
encouragement was accorded by Mr. Gehner, 
and this resulted in a determination to give up 
his purpose of becoming a lawyer and to make 
the title business his calling. He would doubt- 
less have made an able lawyer, but has instead 
made an expert and successful investigator of 
titles. 

Seven years ago, Mr. Niemann had made 
himself .so invaluable that he was taken into 
partnership with his employer, the firm becom- 
ing August Ciehner & Company. The senior 
partner's time is largely consumed by a multi- 
plicity of other outside interests with which he 
is identified, and thus of recent years the larger 
part of the title and investment business falls to 
the care and supervision of Mr. Niemann. Vlx. 
Gehner, as well as the many clients of the firm, 
have implicit confidence in him, a confideuce 
fully justified, for he has reduced the business 
of title investigation to an exact science, and 
his fund of knowledge respecting such instru- 
ments entitles him to rank as a high authority 
on all matters relating to the titles to land in and 
around ,Sl. Louis. 

Altliougli he is \ery jiopular in societ>' and 
has many ladv admirers, Mr. Niemann has so 



far a\'oided entanglement in Cupid's net. So- 
ciallv he is a genial and a good fellow; is a pop- 
ular club-man and holds membership in the 
St. Louis, Union and Noonday clubs; he also 
l)el(>ngs to the Jockey Club, and is one of 
the members of the governing board of that 
body. He is a Mason, and is an adejjt in the 
knowledge pertaining to that society, luiving 
taken all the degrees — thirty-two — in both the 
York and Scottish Rite. 

Cameron, Edward A., is the son of Alexan- 
der and Mary Cameron, iicc Henderson. The 
father was a gifted architect, and is remembered 
in St. Louis because of the handsome Custom 
House, of which he superintended the construc- 
tion, as well as numerous other buildings. 

Alexander Cameron died August 3, isito. 
His son Kdward was born in St. Louis, January 
<S, ISiJl, and is therefore still quite a young- 
man, notwithstanding the high place he occu- 
pies among the architects of his native city. He 
took the regular cour.se in the public schools 
and finished his education at Wa.shington Uni- 
versity, but this was supplemented In- a course 
in architecture, which he took at Cornell Uni- 
versity. 

After the latter course was completed he re- 
turned to his natix'e city and became his father's 
assistant on the Custom House, then in course 
of erection. He also assisted in the reconstruc- 
tion of the Equitable Building. Feeling that he 
needed the benefits of a more general practical 
experience he went to Boston and entered the 
office of H. H. Richardson. He remained with 
the latter until his death, and afterward with 
his successors until LS.S.S. 

Then he returned to vSt. Louis and resumed 
his position as assistant to his father until the 
latter's death. His next step, in a business way, 
was to form a partnership with Theo. C. Link, 
an association which has since been dissoKed, 
and Mr. Cameron is in business alone. 

During his connection with the Boston hrm, 
Mr. Cameron had charge of the construction of 
a number of celebrated buildings, among them 
the costly State Capitol, at .\il)auv. New York, 




a^ 



^,7^:. 



BfOGKAPHlCA L A PPF.NI VX. 



340 



and the Cliica.tjo residences of Franklin Mac 
\'ea.t:;h and J. J. (ilessner. He also snperin- 
tendedtheconstrnctionot Marshall Field's whole- 
sale house at Chicago. In St. Louis, some of the 
structures in the erection of which he was con- 
cerned are the residences of Nelson Cole, 
Charles C. Clark, James E. Hereford, S. M. 
Rayless, and J. H. Chaissang; the St. Louis 
College of Pharmacy and the East St. Louis 
Ice and Cold Storage plant. 

ScHWARZ, Dr. Hkxrv, is a native of (ier- 
niauy, but came to this country when seventeen 
years old. He is the son of Jacob and Snsanne 
Schwarz, and was born in (iiessen, Xoxendjer 
14, IS,")."). He was given the full advantages 
the best educational institutions of his native 
place had to confer, and was a student up to the 
time he left the fatherland to come to America. 

This was in 1873, when he was but seventeen 
> ears of age. He first obtained a position in a 
vSt. Louis drug store, and gradually worked his 
way up, graduating from the St. Louis College 
of Pharmacy in 18715. He then took up medi- 
cine and entered the St. Louis Medical College. 
From this institution he graduated and was given 
his degree in 187(1. Feeling that any person 
following the business of curing the ills flesh is 
heir to cannot have too much instruction in the 
methods of so doing, and knowing by experience 
tTie superiority of German schools in all branches 
of scientific knowledge, he determined to return 
to Germany and avail himself of their benefits. 

He entered the medical college of the Uni- 
versity of Giessen, his native town, and grad- 
uated in 1880. He then received the appoint- 
ment as first assistant physician to the female 
hos])ital attached to the University of Giessen, 
acting in this cai'iacitN' from bsso to ISNl. 
Continuing his sliulies in a i)ractical capacity, 
he became attached as assistant physician to the 
famed University of Heidelberg, holding such 
position from 1881 to 1M.S3. Then he returned 
to St. Louis and opened an oflnce for ]iractice, 
and as his courses of preparation therefor 
were exceptionally exhaustive and thorough, 
and as he has studied and practiced witli a nat- 



ural love for the science, he has been more than 
ordinarily successful. He has main- profes- 
sional offices and connections, and is held in 
high esteem by his brother practitioners. Mem- 
bership is held by him in the Xatur-Historisch- 
Medicinischer \'erein, of Heidelberg, Germany; 
the Society of German Phj-sicians, of St. Louis; 
the St. Louis Academy of Science; the St. 
Louis Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society, 
and a number of others. Among the impor- 
tant professional positions held by him is that 
of consulting physician to both the City Hos- 
pital and St. Louis Female Hospital. He is 
also professor of gyntecology to the St. Louis 
;\Iedical College, and is the gynaecologist at the 
Evangelical Lutheran Hospital. 

The Doctor was married on September 1, 
ISSU, to a daughter of ^Ir. Marquard Forster, of 
this city, J. Laura by name. 

Church, Aloxzo Chri.stv. — If a sturdy race 
of ancestors, strong and vigorous, both phys- 
ically and intellectually, give a man superior 
chances in the start of the race of life, the 
subject of this sketch may surely claim such 
advantage. His paternal grandfather, Alouzo 
Church, D.D., was born in Xew England, and 
.sprang from the hardy Pilgrims who settled those 
shores. Dr. Church was president of Franklin 
College of the University of Georgia until his 
death in lS<i2. 

His great-grandfather on his mother's side 
was Nicholas Jarrot, a name that figures promi- 
nently in the early hi.story of the Mississippi 
\'alley. He was a native of France and came 
to this country in 17»(), finally reachingCahokia, 
in St. Clair county, Illinois, in 17tt4. Being 
possessed with a great fund of energy and activ- 
itv, he at once, on arrival, embarked in bu.siness 
as an Indian trader, and by ])urchasing land 
claims he came to be the greatest land-owner of 
this section. He built the first brick house in 
Illinois, and the solidity and honesty of its 
construction is testified by the fact that it still 
stands. This is still in ]>ossessi()n of the family. 
.Major Jarrot died in \x-2'.'>. 

Alouzo's father was John R. Church, a gradu- 



ooO 



OLD AXD XEir ST. LOL'IS. 



ate of West Point. He was for some time an offi- 
cer in the regnlar United States array, and was 
stationed at various points on the frontier. He 
served as lieutenant in the First Cavalry, took 
part in a number of campaigns against the Indi- 
ans and was stationed with his family at Fort 
Washita, Indian Territory, and it was at this 
fort, on November 3, 1859, that Alonzo was 
born. 

Mrs. M. I". Cliristy-Church, now Mrs. vScan- 
lan, is a woman of great force of character, and 
she is yet living in her elegant home at the 
corner of Grand and Lucas avenues. President 
and Mrs. Cleveland were entertained there on 
their visit to St. Louis. During the tour of the 
great Frenchman, Boulanger, in America, a 
reception was given him by Mrs. Scanlan, the 
only reception tendered him in the United States 
at which French was spoken exclusively. 

After taking the preparatory courses at the 
grammar schools, he entered Christian Brothers" 
College, where he remained for a space of four 
years. Convinced of the benefits of travel and 
to try the famed colleges of Europe he started 
for the continent shortly after coming out of 
Christian Brothers' College, finally making a 
temporary settlement at Xeuilly, France, where 
he attended school for a year. Next he took a 
course of one year at the celebrated college at 
Orleans, F'rance, followed by two years spent at 
school at Hanover, (rermauy. 

After a short time spent in traveling over the 
Old World he returned to St. Louis and imme- 
diately entered St. Louis L^niversity, where, 
after three years of diligent application, he 
graduated in 1880 with first honors. Having 
for some time been convinced that the bar of all 
others was the profession best suited to his 
tastes, and acting on that conviction, he went 
direct from St. Louis University to the St. Louis 
Law School. At the end of two years, or in 
1882, he finished his scholastic life by graduat- 
ing from that institution. He was admitted to 
the bar in the .same year, and opened an oflfice 
alone for the purpose of practicing his profes- 
sion, and has continued his practice ever since 
without an office partner. 



;\rr. Church is and has always been a staunch 
Democrat in political principles. He was elected 
to the Legislature in 1890, and during his 
incumbency of the office did most valuable serv- 
ice to the people. The Speaker of the House, 
recognizing his ability, placed him on some' of 
the most important committees of the term. He 
was a member of the judiciary committee, the 
committee appointed to redistrict the State coii- 
gressionally, and was chairman of the insurance 
committee. During the last regular session he 
introduced, advocated and succeeded in passing 
the bill whereby the State of Missouri ceded 
jurisdiction over the ground on which Jefferson 
Barracks stand to the Federal government. He 
is also the author of that excellent economic 
ureasure enabling savings banks to receive de- 
posits from one dollar up and to pa}- interest on 
the same; and the law is in operation and ex- 
ceedingh- popular throughout the State at the 
present time. 

Mr. Church is an officer of many corporations. 
Among others, he is a director of the American 
Kxchange Bank, vice-president of the Wiggins 
Ferry Company, vice-president of the Transfer 
Railway Company, vice-president of the East 
St. Louis Connecting Railway Company, and 
is the legal counsel for the Wiggins Ferry Coiu- 
])any, one of the counsel of the bank of which 
he is the director, and has had charge of his 
mother's business interests ever since he luis 
been a member of the bar. 

He is a man of marked social tendencies, and 
is very popular with everybody with whom he 
comes in contact. He is therefore a member of 
the following clubs and associations: St. Louis 
Club, University Club, ^larquette Club, Mei can- 
tile Clul), .St. Louis Fair Grounds Club, Bar 
Association, and Law Library Association. Mr. 
Church is unmarried. 

Stark, Charles B., was born at Springfield, 
Tennessee, June Li, l'S.")4. His parents were 
Jo.seph C. and Lamiza .\nn ( Baird ) Stark. His 
father "was an eminent law\er of Tennessee, ha\'- 
ing been judge of the Tenth Judicial Circuit of 
that State. He died on Marcli li, \>^'MK 




OLiA^ir 0. W/fiAAAcJiy 



niOCKAJ'llli ■. //. . \PPENniX. 



Charles P>. was educated at tlie Cuniberlaiid 
Uiii\ersit\ , at Lehanon, Tennessee. He read 
law at Sprini^field, Tennessee, in the office of 
Stark lS: Judd, the former being his father, and 
tlie latter being subsequently appointed judge 
of the .Supreme Court of Utah during the first 
administration of President Cleveland, and being 
now a resident of Salt Lake City and U. S. 
district attorney for the Territory of Utah. The 
subject of this sketch was admitted to the bar 
lined in .Sjiringfield 



.May --'7, ISTi;. Ht 
until May 1, ISSO, 
when he came to St. 
Louis, and was ad- 
mitted to practice in 
the courts of this 
cit\- and State, June 
IL ISSO, and en- 
tered upon the active 
practice of his pro- 
fession. During that 
year he formed a 
])a rt nersh i ]) with 
Ci 



H. 



Li 



com I), wnicn comiu- 
ued until Col. Lips- 
comb removed to 
Denver, Colorado, in 
IHS-i. Mr.Starkthen 
continued the prac- 
tice ahviie until the 
s])ringof b'^'.n , when 
lie entered into part- 
nershi]) w i t h Mr. 
Walter!-. Mcluitire, 

under the firm name of Stark & McEntire, which 
continued for little more than a year. 

In 1.S.S4 Mr. Stark began the preparation of 
a digest of the reports of the Supreme Court of 
Missouri and of the Courts of Appeals, and in 
June, 1SS7, his digest was published under the 
name of "Stark's .Missoviri Digest." It com- 
prises three large volumes, and is a mo.st valu- 
able addition to the law literature of this State. 
This work was tlie result of three years of con- 
tinuous labor, performed mostly at night, as he 
did not permit it to interfere with his law bnsi- 




CHARLES B. STARK. 



ncss, which was c(jnstantly growing and required 
nearly all of his attention. 

He began it for the purpose of familiarizing 
himself with the decisions of the Missouri 
courts and having convenient a ready reference 
to an authority upon any point of law he might 
need in his daily practice, but the Gilbert Book 
Company, the law book publishers, knowing of 
Mr. Stark's plan of work and his method of 
digesting decisions, induced him to prepare 
his digest for publication, which he did, and 
the result was the 
most complete and 
\aluable digest of the 
decisions of the Su- 
preme and Appellate 
Courts of this State 
that has ever been 
])ul)lished — a work 
that furnishes the 
strongest testimonial 
of the indefatigable 
industry and learn- 
ing of its author, 
who, though com- 
paratively young in 
his profession stands 
high among the old- 
est and most experi- 
enced lawyers of 
this city and State. 
Injuly, I.SIM), Mr. 
.Stark was elected 
attorney for the Pub- 
lic School Board, 
served a term and was, by unanimous vote of 
the board, re-elected. He still holds this position. 
Mr. Stark is a prominent member of the Ma- 
sonic ( )r(ler, having been High Priest of his 
Chapter and Master of his Lodge; a member of 
the Knights of Pythias and chairman of the 
committee on appeals and grievances in the 
(irand Lodge of Missouri, and he is also a mem- 
ber of the Legion of Honor. 

While he is not a politician in the jiopnlar 
accejitation of the term, Mr. Stark takes a lively 
interest in jjolitics. He is a Democrat, because 



OLD AXn NEW ST. LOCVS. 



that party embodies in its principles what he 
believes to be the sound and correct theory of 
government; and his voice is raised in every 
campaign for those reforms for which his party 
stands. He is not a Democrat for what his 
party can do for him, but he is a Democrat 
for what he believes his party can and will do 
for good government and a pure and honest ad- 
ministration thereof. 

Herkford, James Edward, is the son of 
John R. and Mary (Cozens) Hereford, and was 
born in St. Louis county, on January 29, 18(il. 
He comes from a fainih' as old as the century in 
St. Louis, and as creditably known as it is 
old. His grandmother was born in St. Louis in 
ISOO, and his mother was born in 1840, at the 
corner of Seventh and Elm streets, and was 
married in the same house. After receipt of 
the advantages offered by the common schools 
he entered St. Louis University, and graduated 
therefrom in the class of 1880. 

His ambition was to follow the law as a pro- 
fession, and he therefore entered the law depart- 
ment of Washington University, and in \>^X-2 
graduated with the degree of LL.D., and by 
St. Louis University was given the degree of 
A.M. in the same year. On admission to the 
bar he formed a partnership with W. W. Huff, 
under the .style of Huff 6c Hereford, and im- 
mediately commenced practice. The firm has 
adopted the general civil branch of the law as 
its field of practice, and gives special attention 
within this to insurance law. They had charge 
of the insurance feature of the Chambers' mui"- 
der case, and wound up the affairs of the Mid- 
land .\ccideut Insurance Company, besides 
conducting to a successful ending a number of 
other cases of more than ordinary importance. 

The marked characteristics of Mr. Hereford 
are his industry and analytical powers, charac- 
teristics that are most necessary to any young 
man who hopes to win as a lawyer. Mr. Here- 
hm\ married Miss Emily Page, daughter of 
John Y. Page and granddaughter of Judge Rob- 
ert Wash of the Missouri Supreme bench. 
They have si.\ children, all girls but one. 



XORMILE, JAME.S Che.STER, when quite a 
child came up the river from Louisiana with 
his family, who founded Normanville, Kansas, 
being among the first settlers of that section. 
Losing his parents later, little Chester soon 
acquired a fondness for the habits of his Indian 
neighbors, and was rapidly developing into 
a child of the forest when his oldest brother 
captured him and shipped him down the ^lis- 
sonri to St. Louis, on his wa}- to school at 
Washington, D. C. 

After the usual preparatory training he en- 
tered Georgetown University, from which he 
graduated in US (>•"). He then became a student 
of the Columbian College Law School, from 
which he next graduated, and at once placed 
himself under the guidance of Hon. O. H. 
Browning, of Illinois, a leading practitioner in 
the United States Supreme Court, which he re- 
linquished to become a member of President 
Johnson's Cabinet. Mr. Browning, who saw 
the intellectual promise of his pupil, placed 
liim in charge of the library of the Interior 
I)e])artment. 

This sinecure gave him leisure and opportu- 
nity to gratify his thirst for literature. For 
three and a half years he read with industry and 
discrimination. He made himself familiar with 
the best writers in English literature, in prose 
and poetry, and formed that affluent and schol- 
arly style that has since characterized his elo- 
quence. In the spring of 18(iii he came to 
vSt. Louis. At the outset he encountered the 
struggles common to all young lawyers. He 
determined to labor and wait, pursuing with 
toilsome devotion his professional studies, and 
finding sweet recreation from .severe work in the 
delights of literature. He gradually gained 
ground by extending acquaintance and inspiring 
confidence. 

It was the Fore case that brought out Xor- 
mile. As Munson Beach was sitting, one smn- 
mer evening, on his front steps, surrounded b\ 
his family, Joseph H. Fore, his brother-in-law, 
came up and, without a word, shot liim dead. 
Xorniile, then an oljscure young law\er, was 
euiraoed to defend Fore. He determined to 



lUiiCR. IPllIC. //, APPEXniX. 



;55;; 



plead insanity. In the estimation of jnries, the 
defense is an odions one, and in the hands of a 
> oun<j lawyer, it is a dano^erous one. Norniile 
knew tliat his only safety lay in a ])ei-fect nn- 
deistandin.L^ of his case. 

He studied insanity thoronghly and fnnda- 
nientally, and when he took his seat at the 
connsel table on Fore's trial, it hazards nothin^j 
to say that no man in Mi.ssonri was more learned 
on that snbject. The medical experts learned 
t<} tear him, for by his merciless cross-examina- 
tions he pnt do,i(\nat- 



uid charlatanr 



mu 



In the 
..f the 



jiresentii 

testimony lie was 
brillianth' snccess- 
fnl, in his art;;n- 
nient to the jnry he 
was maj^nificent, and 
I'nre was acquitted. 

Xormile's abilit)' 
was now recognized. 
He was made cir- 
cuit attorney in 
1''^7l', and henceforth 
his rise was rapid. 
His abilit)- as a pros- 
ecutor was conspicu- 
ous. In 1.SX0 the 
office of circuit at- 
tnrne\' became \a- 
cant by the death of 
Mr. P.each, Xor- 
mile's former assist- 
ant. The jail was filled with desperate crim- 
inals, and Crovernor Phelps was severe in the 
enforcement of the law. He accordingly ])re- 
\ailed upon Xormile to accept the vacancy, 
which he filled for nearly two \ears. .\ learned 
lawyer and ready forensic debater and orator, 
he yet iirejiared his cases with the jiains of a 
t\ni. .\lways his triumphs were bought 1)\- 
toil, and his ])ath to jn'ofessional distinction was 
steep and laborious. 

In bSHIi he was elected judge of the Criminal 
Court, whose jurisdiction is confined to the trial 
23 




JUDGE NORMI 



of felonies. In LSHO he was re-elected for six 
more years, although, unfortunately, he did not 
live to complete the term, his career being cnt 
short by death while he was in the prime of 
life. 

Judge Xormile was an orator. Justin Mc- 
Carthy, the di.stinguished historian and critic, 
pronounced him one of the finest he had ever 
heard. He was able to delight and convince 
his audience, and his style was elevated and 
pure. By its occasional quotations, and by its 
general flavor, it con- 
stantly reminded one 
of books. It was dig- 
nified and rhetorical, 
with occasional 
flashes of wit and 
irony, and his de- 
scri lotions were fre- 
cpient a n d always 
splendid. In fact, 
his eloquence, like 
Moore's poetry, has 
been criticized for 
an excess of senti- 
ment and imagery. 
.\fter all, the .secret 
of his power lay in 
his intellectual 
wealth. With the 
most \aluable parts 
of b'uglish literature 
lie was not only ac- 
tiuainted, but famil- 
iarl\- and critical]) 
acquainted. It took the world fifty years to 
learn that Burke was not simply a great orator, 
but was really the greatest political thinker of 
the age. X'onnile was sometimes said to be 
thought a mere rhetorician. The truth is that 
his gorgeous rhetoric was but the co\ering of 
strong thought. He was not ouK' a well-read 
law\er, but an acute and powerful reasoner. It 
is ])ro])er to add that the same exuberance of 
thought and lofty and glowing diction, which 
his public discourses e.xliibit, characterized his 
conversation. Judge Xormile was of com- 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



inaiKlin<( stature and syimnetrical form. His 
eve, his \-oice, his features, iu short, his phy- 
sique, undoubted]}- contributed to his effective- 
ness as a public speaker, and the public, as well 
as the bench and bar, lost a handsome, as well 
as a valuable and honest man when he breathed 
his last. 

McNair, Lilburn (t. — A worthy representa- 
tive of an old and worthy family, a family closely 
identified with the earlier history of this city, is 
the subject of this sketch, who was born in St. 
Louis, February 7, 18;Jt). He is the son of An- 
toine de Reilhe and Cornelia McNair, and is 
related through descent to the De Reilhes, one 
of the most respected families of the old vSt. 
Louis, while his paternal grandfather was Col. 
Alexander McXair, who, although he lived in a 
day of intellectual giants, was conspicuous for 
his ability. He is noted as the first governor 
of Missouri after it became a State. He was 
a warm personal friend of President William 
Henry Harrison, and came to St. Louis from 
Pennsylvania in l.S()4. On his mother's side of 
the house, the subject of this sketch is also 
related, as a grand-nephew, to the first gov- 
ernor of Ohio. His father, Antoine de R. Mc- 
Nair, gave deep study to all improvements 
affecting the navigation of our great rivers. \\\ 
New York he became interested in se\-eral 
practical inventions, many of which were 
found of great use by Captain P^ads in building 
his jetty sy.stem at New Orleans. He died in 
l-S7;-i. Lilbnrn McNair's mother was a daughter 
of Dr. Clayton Tiffin, one of St. Louis' earliest 
physicians, and who was always reckoned as a 
learned and able man and as a leading citizen 
of his time. Mrs. :\IcNair's mother was, before 
her marriage to Doctor Tifhn, a Miss Jarrot, a 
family name that frequently occurs in the his- 
tory of the city. It will thus be seen that Mr. 
McNair combines in himself the blood of several 
of the oldest and best families of St. Louis, and 
with such an inheritance of good blood his high 
character and ability are altogether natural 
acquirements. 

Young Lill)uru atlcuded tlu- public scliools of 



St. Louis, but did not extend his education be- 
voud the counnon school liranches, as owing tc 
re\'erses which befell his father he was com- 
pelled to quit school and begin the task of earn- 
ing his own living. He began work as a mes- 
senger for the Kansas Pacific Railroad, in thf 
office of the treasurer, Carlos S. Greeley. Il 
should be mentioned here that at the age of six- 
teen, having been intended for a naval career 
he successfully passed the examination, bul 
never took advantage of the appointment or 
account of a lack of means, continuing in th« 
service of the railroad company instead. Fo; 
some time after accepting this situation Ik 
attended night school, where he diligenth 
applied himself to increasing his store o 
knowledge. His natural quickness and menta 
endowments also served him to good advantagt 
in the railroad office, qualities that met witl 
recognition from the officials of the coiiipan\- 
for at the age of twenty-two he was appointee 
the local treasurer and pay-master of the road, ; 
position he filled for several years with grea 
satisfaction to his employers. 

hi 1880 he resigned his position with th< 
Kansas Pacific,' formed a partnership witl 
Charles F. Tracy, Jr., and under the firm naun 
of McNair «S: Tracy opened a brokerage office 
After a time this partnership was dissohed 
and Mr. McNair conducted the business alone 
As showing his thorough-going enterprise anc 
progressiveness, it should be stated that he wa: 
the first man west of the Mississippi to establisl 
a private wire connecting St. Louis with Chicagt 
and New York. 

A few years ago he was strongly urged by in 
terested New York, Philadelphia and St. Loui: 
people to accept the presidency of the Kansa: 
City P^le\-ated Railway and Tunnel Company 
in which they had iu\-ested about two million: 
of dollars, with the view of working it out. I 
is said he accepted largely on personal grounds 
and against his better judgment, but with tin 
distinct understanding that the capitalists inter 
ested would back his judgment. 

His vigorous management soon made a \-as 
difference in the earnings, both gross and net 




=^^"-"■'-'3' 




IU( m;R.\ Pint AL APPENDIX. 



of tlie s>-stem. He was Ijolcl enough in one in- 
stance, finding a railroad using the terminals at 
insutficient rentals, to order the lease canceled, 
and took his chances on the tht-nry that ]iosses- 
sion was nine pointsin the law, and that he would 
not (111 an unprofitable business. It is well to 
nuMUidU here that the railroad in question found 
it l)etter to make a new contract at a higher 
rate than to continue in the courts indefinitel)'. 
Mr. McNair's legal advisers were the late Judge 
John P. Usher, Mr. Lincoln's Secretary of the 
Interior, and Major Wni. Warner. 

Of recent years Mr. IMcNair has drifted prin- 
ci])ally into the line of promoting various enter- 
])rises, mostly steam and street railways. He 
has negotiated some of the biggest transac- 
tions in this line that have taken place, among 
which might be mentioned the Olive street rail- 
way deal. His probity and unquestioned honest\- 
are universally recognized and appreciated, and 
although a young man he is freqnenth- called 
upon to act as trustee, and as such has often had 
control of vast amounts of capital and property, 
esiiecialh- in the reorganization of railroads. 

Like all men who develop a talent for business 
management. Mr. McNair has been called upon 
to associate himself with a variety of undertak- 
ings. He is a director of the Mississipi)i \'alle\- 
Trust Company; on the executive committee 
of the Union Casualty and Surety Company; 
a director of various branch lines of our great 
railway .systems, and is president of the Little 
Wabash Railroad, now in courseof constrnctiun, 
and which is intended as a connecting link 
between the Wabash and L. X: X. railroads, and 
gives another route from Chicago to the (".ulf, 
besides a large number of street railwaxs and 
land and investment companies. 

Mr. .McXair is one of the society leaders of 
.St. Louis, and is \er\- i)o]nilar in everx- circle in 
which he is known. He is an enthusiastic club- 
man, and is a niemher of the St. Louis, Univer- 
sii\, .Marcjuette, Jockey and other clul)s, and 
\\,i> a member of the Elks during the existence 
of that order; he is chairman of the house 
connnittee of the University, is a nunihrr of 
the board of governors of the Jock e_\- Club, and 



is also on one of the important committees of 
the St. Louis Club. In politics Mr. McNair 
has inherited the principles of his ancestors, 
and is a Democrat. He was married to Miss 
Minerva Primm, daughter of Alexander T. 
Prinim, of this city, on January 2.'), LSilo. 

NiDELET, JAME.S C, M.D., is descended from 
some of the most noted pioneer families of Mis- 
souri. His grandfather. General Bernard Pratte, 
was born in Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, and was 
educated at the Sulpitian College, Montreal, Can- 
ada, and returning to St. Louis, married Eniilie 
I. Labadie, a native of the town, and daughter 
of Sylvester Labadie and Pelagic Chouteau. 
His father, Stephen F. Nidelet, of French ex- 
traction and a native of San Domingo, arrived in 
Philadelphia when only se\en years old, and 
ultimately became a mem])er of the prominent 
silk house of Chajiron iS: Xidelet. While \isit- 
ing St. Louis he met and married, on August 
12, 182(i, Celeste F^., daughter of the Creneral 
Pratte above mentioned. He returned with his 
wife to Philadelphia, where, on the ir)th of 
January, 1834, James C. Nidelet was born. 

Young Nidelet acquired his early education in 
Philadelphia, at the classical school of John D. 
Bryant, a famous instructor in that cit\-. In 
1H44 he was taken by his j^arents to St. Louis, 
where his father spent the rest of his life, dying 
in 1 ><.")•). after having won the respect of a large 
circle of friends. His widow is yet living, a 
sprightly and well-preserved lady of eighty- 
three years. In her da\- she was one of the 
belles of St. Louis, and, des])ite the lapse of 
\ears, her recollections of jMoneer times are \ery 
distinct and interesting. 

James C. Nidelet attended the vSt. Louis I'ni- 
\ersity for a vear or two, and in 1S47 and l!^4.s 
St. Marv's College, F^mmittsbnrg, Maryland. 
In lS4'.i he entered vSt. Louis University again, 
and s])ent fi\'e years there, but left in IS;");;, while 
on the point of graduating. He then prepared 
for the military academy at West Point, but 
failing to receive an ai)i)ointnient as cadet, on 
account of the accident to Congressman John I"'. 
l)arl)\ , who became paralyzed, he immediately 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



applied liiiiiself to the study of medicine. His first 
tuition was obtained in tlie practical experience 
of a drug store, and for three years he was em- 
ployed in the well-known houses of Bacon, Hyde 
& Company, and Barnard, Adams & Company. 
He then attended the St. Louis Medical College, 
under Dr. C. A. Pope, and the Missouri Medical 
College, under Dr. Joseph N. McDowell. He 
graduated in l.S(!0, and began the practice of 
medicine. 

In December, IXiil, he joined the Confederate 
armv and served as chief surgeon under Generals 
Price, Maury and Forney, in the Army of East 
Tennessee and Mississippi. During the last 
year of the war he was transferred to the Trans- 
Mississippi Department. His service embraced 
four years of desperate and bloody warfare, and 
he was in every engagement in which his army 
corps participated. Among the most memorable 
of these conflicts may be mentioned those attend- 
ing the capture of Vicksburg, and the sangui- 
nary fields of Corinth, Big Black, luka, and the 
famous retreat from Hatchie. 

During all this period of exposure to the 
dangers and privations incident to the war, 
Doctor Nidelet was never wounded and never 
lost a day from sickness, his splendid constitu- 
tion carrying him safely through the trials to 
whicli weaker natures would have succumbed. 
He was always to be found where the danger 
was greatest, and where there was the great- 
est need for the prompt assistance of the surgeon. 
His composure amid the storms of shot and 
shell and the awful distractions of the battle-field 
was proverbial, and repeatedly won tlie com- 
mendation of his superiors. 

Frequently, with the din of conflict raging 
about him, he performed operations that would 
have made many a hospital practitioner famous. 
His four years' service in the war gave him a 
practically unlimited experience in every branch 
of surgery, especially that appertaining to the 
treatment of gunshot wounds, and in Julv, DSC"), 
he returned to St. Louis, rich in knowledge of 
the surgeons' art, but extremely poor in purse. 
The " Drake Constitution," which was then in 
force, forbade him to practice medicine, because 



he could not take the oath, and at one time 
while struggling against adverse fortune, he wa; 
on the point of leaving for the Pacific Coast. 

During the winter of 18(i5-(i(i, however, h( 
formed an engagement with his old Alma IVIater 
the Missouri Medical College, and assisted ii 
gathering the scattered faculty together onc( 
more. In the winter of 18(i(i-67 the college wa; 
reopened, and as professor of anatomy he wa 
for four or five years engaged in his fa\-oriti 
pursuit of teaching medicine. He had largi 
classes, and contributed materially toward 
bringing the historic old institution into popnla 
favor again. He then engaged in private prac 
tice of medicine with distinguished success. 

In lS7.">-7() Doctor Nidelet was appointe( 
police connnissioner, and for two of the fou 
years of his term was vice-president of the board 
He signalized his administration by a determinei 
effort to suppress the lottery business, whicl 
then flourished without let or hindrance i: 
St. Louis, and such success crowned his labor 
that more than fifty dealers were convicted an 
fined. As a consequence he incurred the hoh 
tilit\' of the "lottery ring," and charges of coi 
ruption were made against him. His indict 
ment was sought at the hands of several succes 
sive juries, but he was accorded a most search 
ing investigation, which resulted in the ntte 
failure of his enemies to make even a plausilil 
case of official misconduct against him. 

The following estimate of Doctor Nidelet' 
standing as a physician and surgeon is furnishe 
b\- a gentleman who has known him from a bo) 
was several years intimately associated wit 
him, and is familiar with his professional careei 

"Dr. Nidelet is a good physician in ever 
sense of the word, being thoroughh' and scienti: 
icallv educated for his profession. His succes 
has been as great as that of any practitioner c 
his vears in St. Louis, and he has a very larg 
and growing patronage. His judgment is accv 
rate, and in the diagnosis of diseases and in th 
selection of suitable remedies he is distinguishec 
I cannot say that he has any specialty, but h 
strikes me as being a fine s]iecinien of the syn 
metricalh-de\eloped doctor. 





-Zy{^6^ 




/?/( XlRAPHfCAf. A PPEXn/X. 



?>:u 



I'll ill Polk 

1 is a s.iii 

. Lt'wis siJiaiii^^ iroiii 

ancestors on both 



'f J' 



I.i-.wis, JAMKS M., was 1). 
'IVniR-ssc't.-, May :;, ls:,7, an 
A. ami Susan J. Lewis. .Mi 
Scotch-Irisli stock, and hi: 
sides were among the earliest settlers of \'ir- 
trinia, and were patriots and soldiers in the rev- 
olutionary war and the war of 1S12, one of 
them, General Andrew Lewis, having won great 
(listiiictit)ii in the re\olutionar\- war. 

Mr. Lewis was l)rought up and educated in 
the eastern part of his natix'e State, celebrated 
for its grand scenery, 
and among ]ieoiile 
noted for their in- 
dustry, i u t e 1 1 i - 
gence and integrity, 
and came to St. Louis 
in Januar)", lf>7(), 
and pursued his law 
studies in the ofhce 
of Hon. John B. 
Menderson, formerly 
a United States Sen- 
ator, and recognized 
as one of the lead- 
ing lawyers in the 
United States. Mr. 
Lewis was admitted 



dght years of age, 
argued an impor- 
Sujireme Court of 



al career was distiu 
the position taken b\ 



thi 



in Mav 7 
lays afte 
celebratt 
.\- first 1 




JAMtS M. LEWIS 



adi 



moved to Louisiana, Pike county, this vState, 
and began the practice of the law. He remained 
there for about two years and a half, returning 
to St. Louis in the spring of ISSI. 

He then became associated in the practice 
with I{\-Senator Henderson. The business of 
the ririii was largely confined to cases in the 
United States courts and extended throughout 
the Western States. On Oeneral Henderson's 
removal to Washington City, in ISS."), he formed 
a partnership with ^Latthew('.. Rexuolds, under 
the linn name of Reynolds & Lewis. 



Mr. Lewis was enrolled 
tant railroad bond case ii 
the United States. 

Mr. Lewis' professioi 
guished very recently by 
him in the land suit of Hammond vs. Johnston, 
involving o\-er two millions of dollars, the case 
being decided on December 14, l.s;tl, by the Su- 
preme Court of the I'nited vStates. His theory 
of the case was adopted b\- the Supreme Court, 
and he won to a 
successful issue for 
his client one of the 
most noted and hard- 
fought land cases 
e\-er brought before 
the courts of ]\Iis- 
souri. 

At a meeting of 
the American Bar 
Association at Sara- 
toga .Springs, Xew 
York, in LSSIO, he 
was elected vice- 
president of the as- 
sociation, and was 
re-elected in August, 
1S!M, at Boston, 
Massachusetts. I u 
March, ISMI, Mr. 
Lewis was commis- 
"sioned by (ioxenior 
Francis judge-ad- 
\ocate- general of 
the Xational Guard of Missouri, with the rank 
of brigadier-general. IMr. Lewis is a Democrat 
ill his political affiliations, and although ab- 
.sorbed with professional duties, as a campaign 



speaker he has d( 
and unselfish laboi 
ciples he firiuK' be 



lor tl 



isl 



wl 



)t earnest 



K.sTKi', Thoma.s p.., sou of 
( Anderson ) Ksteji, was l)orii 
in the .State of ( )hio, January 
educated in the public schoo 



IS.-.l. He was 
near his home, 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



and at the age of se\'enteen went to Franklin 
College, New Athens, Ohio, where he studied 
for four years, and for the next three years he 
taught school, studying law the meanwhile 
with his relative, J. M. Estep. Then desiring 
to enter the legal profession he went to Colum- 
bus, where he was admitted to the bar in 1X7^, 
and at once commenced practicing. In IS?:', 
young Mr. Estep came to St. Louis. His abil- 
ities as an advocate at once attracted attention 
and he soon found himself a busy and popular 
professional man. Grasping the salient features 
of a case promptly, and the way he has fought 
up-hill battles has made him famous. Among 
the manv trials with which he has been con- 
nected, the Anderson murder case may be cited, 
his advocacy iu that trial having been excep- 
tionally brilliant even for him. He is now, at 
the age of forty-one, looked upon as one of the 
most brilliant criminal lawyers of the West, and 
his elevation to the bench at an early date is 
regarded as a matter of course by his many 
friends and even by his political opponents. 

In 18110 Mr. Estep was persuaded to ask for 
the nomination as assistant prosecuting at- 
torney, and the local Democracy was only too 
ready to show its appreciation of his lo}-alty 
to the part}-. His election was looked upon as 
a matter of course, although it was expected 
that the two parties would run very close in 
most of the contests. When it was announced 
that "Tom Estep" had been elected by the 
largest majority evef secured, congratulations 
came from every quarter. 

Mr. Estep married, in the year ISS:^, Miss 
Mamie Ellard, daughter of Mr. Joseph b:ilard of 
this city. He has one son, William. 

LiNi)Si,i'',v, \)v, CouRCi'.v B., son of A. B. and 
Sarah J. (Jamesson) Lindsley, was born iu 18;}(), 
at Round Hill, in Fairfa.x county, Virginia, on 
an estate adjoining Mount \'ernon, and which 
was purchased of Washington. His parents 
moved to the national capital when he was 
young, and it was at Washington that young 
lyindsley rccei\ed a connnon school education. 
At the age of sexcnteen he came west, locating 



at Burlington, Iowa, obtaining a ])osition as a 
clerk in a general store. From Burlington he 
mo\-ed to Frankford, Pike county, Missouri, 
where he clerked in a country store, remainins 
until l.S.Vl 

In that }ear he moved to St. Eouis, iu whicli 
city he has resided ever since. He commenced 
work in the wholesale establishment of E. C. 
Yosti, on Main street. In 1854 the name of the 
firm was changed to Yosti &. Shields, and on 
November 1, 18;');"), Mr. Yosti was killed in the 
unfortunate Gasconade calamity, and Mr. Join: 
R. Lionberger, of Boonville, Missouri, becoming 
associated with Mr. Shields, the firm became 
Lionberger & Shields. Not long after, .Mr. 
Lionberger became sole proprietor of the estab- 
lishment, which was conducted under his name. 
Mr. Lindsley continued with the house as travel- 
ing salesman throughout all these changes. Or 
January 1, 18(j3, Mr. William C. Orr purchaser 
an interest in the business, ]\Ir. Lionberger gave 
Mr. Lindsle\- an interest in consideration of hij 
services, and the firm name was once more 
changed, this time to John R. Lionberger & 
Company. Through all these changes IMr. 
Lindsley continued to take a very active pari 
in the business, and his sound judgment anc 
ceaseless acti\ity had their influence. 

Four vears later Mr. Lionberger was electee 
president of the Third National Bank, where- 
upon he sold his interest in the shoe business tc 
his partners, and the firm name became Orr & 
Lindsley. ( )n January 1, LSSU, they incorpo- 
rated under the laws of the State. On the 
incorporation of the ( )rr ^ Lindsley Shoe Com- 
]ian\-, Mr. William C. ( )rr became president 
Mr. Lindsley, vice-president; and on the death o 
Mr. William C. Orr in 1888, Mr. Lindsle> wa> 
elected jiresident, with Mr. W'. A. Orr as vice- 
])resident. 

Mr. Lindsley married in November, Im;;'., 
.Miss Fannv .M. .\nderson. He has four chil- 
dren — (iuy Lindsle\-, now very popular in tlu 
theatrical profession; Dr. De Courcey B., win 
is practicing dentistry in this city; .Vubrey C, 
who is attending Rugb\ .Vcadcmy; and out 
daughter, Mae Lindslev. 



lilOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



a59 



( )n Decfinht 
(if business, ai 
pany ceased t' 
had well earned nian\ 



1, ISItl 
the Or 
exist 



Mr. Lindsley went out 
,X: Lindsley Sluie Com- 
as such. Mr. Lindsley 
ears of rest and quietness; 



hut only a few were permitted, for on December 
•s, l.s'i;}, he died, regretted by an army of friends 
and to the deep sorrow of his family. He was 
aged sixty-three years and ten months. 

( )TTOFV, L. Frank, son of Leopold and 
Louisa (Lanffer) ( )ttofy, was born in I^udapest, 
Hungary, September 
."i, l.stil. He was ed- 
ucated in his nati\e 
C()untr\- until thir- 
teen years of age, 
when he came to 
.\merica and attend- 
ed public schools in 
Cincinnati and vSt. 
Louis. He made 
rapid jirogress with 
his studies, and 
showing a distinct 
aptitude for the legal 
])rolession, decided 
to study law and ac- 
cordingly entered 
the St. Ivouis I^aw 
.School where he 
graduated with the 
degree of LL.I5. 

He was admitted 
to the bar on June 
i:i, 1.SS2, before he 

he had attained his niajorit>-. He at once com- 
nunced the practice of law, and on Mr. James 
L. Carlisle resuming practice in vSeptember, 
I'^^iM, a co[)artnershi]) was formed and the law 
lirui of Carlisle v\; Ottofv become among the 
best known in tlu- cit\'. 

Mr. ()tlof\- married in October, 1 Sll L Sarah 
11. Sitlingtoii, of Columbia. This faniilx- in- 
cludes a step-daughter named Bessie Sitlington, 
aged seven years, and a .son named for his law 
partner, James Carlisle, who was born .\.pril :!, 
isii;;. 




He is an exceptionalh- able and bright law- 
\er l)ut little over thirt>" years of age, and it is 
the opinion of the legal profession that an luino'. - 
able judicial career is before him. .\ man who 
commences practicing law before he is twenty-one 
years of age; and who, by the time he is thirt\-, 
is looked upon by the profession generally as 
an expert, can hardly fail to be called upon to 
serve his city or State on the bench. 

He is a member of Occidental lyodge. No. 
lfi;5, A. F. & .\. ^L, and Royal Arch Chapter, 
Xo. iS; also of the 
Ro\al Arcanum, A. 
O. U.W., and Order 
of F^astern Star, and 
the Mercantile Club. 
Although a member 
of these organiza- 
tions he is domestic 
in his habits, and a 
consistent member 
of the M. E. Church 
South. 

Mr. Ottofy maybe 
descrilied as a very 
representative mem- 
ber of the \ounger 
class (_)f lawyers who 
are forcing their 
way to the front 
and making their 
influence felt in a 
ver\' consjiicuous 
and im]iortant man- 
ner at the bar. 
ui.i.v, TII()^rA,s, .M.D. — The subject of 
moir was born in \'irginia,C<)unt\- Ca\'an, 
li day of b'ebruary, 1.S27. 
eel descendants of the most 
ace who, thvcnigh the vicis- 
ncidental to the civil wars 
id his successors, retained 
the sacrifice of 



HKANK OTTOFY. 



( ) 



tins memoir was bo 
Ireland, on the 11 
His parents were d 
ancient of the Irisl 
situdes of fortune 
under Cromwell i 
their social respectabilit 
their vast estates. 

They had, however, the foresight 
that a good education was the uk 
dowry they could bestow upon their 



:ertain 
ildren. 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUS. 



and tlic\- luul the i^ood fortune to live and enjoy 
the satisfaction of seeing their wisdom verified. 

At an early age the Doctor developed great 
precocity of genins. Before he was twelve years 
of age he had read and translated Ovid, Virgil, 
Salnst, Horace, Livy and Cicero in Latin; the 
New Testament, Lncian, Homer and Xenophon 
in Greek, and fulh' comprehended algebra and 
geometry. Relying on his ability to pass the 
preliminary examination required before enter- 
ing a medical school, he presented himself be- 
fore the court of examiners of the Apothecary's 
Hall, Dublin, Ireland, and pa.ssed with honor, 
though he had not quite attained his thirteenth 
year. This enabled him to commence the study 
of his profession, which he did immediately by 
entering a drug store, where he obtained a 
thorough knowledge of drugs, their composition 
and uses. 

He then became assistant to the celebrated 
Dr. John h'rancis Purcell, of Carrick-on-vSuir, 
Ireland, under whom he had \-ast experience, 
both in the fever hospital, and in the hosjMtal 
of the Carrick-on-Suir Union Work House. 

Dr. Purcell accompanied the Earl of Bissbor- 
ough to Dublin, when the latter was created 
lord-lieutenant of Ireland, and Dr. O'Reilly 
followed them. In Dublin he continued the 
stud)- of his profession at the Meath Hospital 
and Original School of Medicine. In the for- 
mer place he soon obtained the position of as- 
sistant clinical clerk, and by assiduity and care 
was advanced to the higher grade of chief clin- 
ical clerk under the celebrated Doctor Stokes 
and Sir Philips Crampton, father of the Cramp- 
ton who for many years was British minister to 
Washington, D. C. 

At this time his duties were most onerous and 
trying. The great famine of lX4:)-'4(;-'47-'4S, 
prevailed. Destitution, poverty and death were 
every where over the unfortunate country to such 
an e.xtent as to excite the commiseration of the 
civilized world, and from no place did Ireland 
receive aid e(|ual to the practical efforts of the 
people of the United States, whose opportune 
relief went a long way towards alleviating the 
mental, if not corimral, miserv of the Irish 



people in those years. All the hospitals in Ire- 
land were charnel houses of sickness and death, 
and the French government desirous of advanc- 
ing medical science by settling the disputed 
point as to the difference between typhus and 
typhoid fevers, sent a commission of medical 
men to Ireland so that they could carefulh' 
examine this disease when it was so pre\alent, 
and report to the French Academy of Medicine. 

To this commission Doctor O'Reilly was ap- 
pointed anatouiist, but scarcely had they entered 
on their duties as commissioners before each 
member was prostrated by ty])hus fever, and of 
their number one member. Dr. John 01i\-er Cur- 
ran, died. This broke up the commission, as 
the other members, after a most tedious reco\-- 
ery, returned to France, too enervated and fee- 
ble to resume their duties. In the spring of 
1«48 the breaking out of the French Revolution 
electrified all Europe and unsettled the minds of 
all the students, who had an ardent aspiration 
for the liberties of mankind, and who, luuiug 
witnessed the misgovernment by which so many 
perished in Ireland, hoped to change that go\-- 
erumeut. 

The Dublin students were no exception to this 
excitement, as almost all of them were enthusi- 
astic young Irelanders, and Dr. O'Reilly, 
desirous of making himself as useful as possil)le 
in this cause, threw up his Dublin appointments 
and proceeded to Carrick-on-Suir, which was the 
center of the young Ireland movement at that 
time. Here he remained, awaiting any efforts 
that might be made by men determined to sacri- 
fice themselves for the sake of their unfortunate 
countr\-, until the fiasco at Ballingarry satisfied 
him that all chances of a successful insurrection 
were at an eiul. With a heart bowed down with 
scenes of human misery for which there seemed 
to be no relief, he returned to Dublin to finish 
his medical education, so as to be in a condition 
to lea\e behind him Ireland and her sorrow. 

In June, 1S49, after taking out his diploma in 
the College of vSnrgeons, he eni1)arked for the 
I'nited States with the hope that the sea wtnild 
separate him from the companioushi]-) of suffer- 
ing which attended him during the iireceding 




TtUo-i^^^^ (fy^^^ ?^i2>. 



nn icii. \riin : //, . //vaavva'. 



8r,i 



]icriods of his life. Ho\ve\'er, he was disap- 
pointed, for in mid-oceau cliolera made its 
appearance anion.<;st the crew of thirty men, and 
in less than ei^ht hours six of them were con- 
siL^Mied to a watery jj^rave. The captain was 
panic-stricken, as he thought there would not 
be a seaman left lo work the \-essel; but fortu- 
nately the remainder were spared. It then 
attacked the poor emigrants, of whom between 
six and seven hundred were on board, and in 
ten days prostrated one hundred and twenty-five 
of them. 

The ship was a perfect (lolgotha, as all on 
board were more or less sick and awaited their 
end with melaucholv resignation. Yet a curious 
incident connected with this voyage was that all 
sickness ceased as suddenly as it had broken out 
when the ship entered the Gulf stream; so that 
when she arrived in New York not a case of 
sickness was on board. The history of this 
voyage created a profound sensation in Xew 
Yc)rk, and the papers for several days were filled 
with detailed accounts of it; nor were the jias- 
sengers, now that danger had ])assed, unmindful 
of the obligations due to the Doctor, who, with 
most inadequate means, was unceasing in his 
efforts, both night and day, to lessen their suffer- 
ing and save their lives. They presented him 
with a well-filled purse and a most flattering 
address of thanks, which, with the notorietv 
recei\'ed from all the Xew York ])apers, would 
have enabled him to enter on a large practice 
there; but as a near relative, Count Alexander 
O'Reilly, had been the first governor of Louis- 
iana, under .Spanish rule in ITliS, he had an 
anxious desire to see a country whose early 
liislory had been framed by his ancestors. 
When he arri\'ed in .St. Louis he found him- 
self without an acquaintance and without monew 
so there was no alternative but to remain here. 
Rilying on the appreciation of a generous 
jiublic, he placed himself at their service bv 
attending so stricth' to his ])rofessioual duties 
that for a period of ele\en years he ne\-er lost a 
week from his office. lie then revisited his 
nalixe land, and while there realized that ei\-il 
war was inevitable in the United .Stales, so he 



returned, to learn off Nantucket light-shi]i that 
Fort Sumpter had been captured by the Confed- 
erates. Belie\ing that the overthrow of this 
government would be a calamity to the human 
race, he hurried on to St. Louis, where he found 
the Confederate flag floating and many of his 
conntrxiuen in arms ready to support it. 

He arri\ed in the cit)- at noon, and the livcii- 
iiig lutclligcmcr of that da}- contained a strong 
address to American citizens, asking them to 
consider the consequences of overthrowing a 
government of whose existence, except for its 
beneficence, they to that time were unconscious. 
The effect of this was to set many of them 
thinking who unwittingly had joined the Con- 
federate cause. During the war he placed him- 
.self at the disposal of the CTOvernment for anfc 
duty required of him, and was employed in many 
important missions. When the war was over 
he commenced the agitation for the establish- 
ment of a series of public parks around the cit\' 
limits, which at tliat time extended only six 
hundred feet west of (rraud a\'enne. His per- 
sonal persuasion induced the late Mr. .Shaw to 
donate Tower tn'ove Park, one of the first of 
this park system, which now adorns our city; 
and he was among.st the first of the commission- 
ers appointed to lay out Forest Park. 

During the last ten years he has been acti\elv 
engaged in supporting the cause of tlie Irish 
people in their efforts to obtain home rule, and 
has l)een unremittingly engaged in his profes- 
sional practice. He has written some medical 
papers which were very generally copied by the 
journals. One was the " Beneficial Influence of 
Tobacco as an .\ntidote for Strychnine Poison- 
ing;" second, "The Influence of Rest and Rec- 
reation as a Cure for Ner\-ous Prostration." 

The last one was on hygiene. Dr. ()"Reill\ 
is still engaged in active practice, with a clear 
mind and keen conception, so that it is lo be 
hojjed that he will leave behind him a work de- 
scri])ti\-e of his \-ast ex])erience and deserving of 
a i)lace in the medical lileralure of the age. 
During the time he acted as chief clinical clerk 
in the Meath Hosjutal, the death of Clarence 
Mangan, the greatest of modern Irish poets. 



802 



OLD AND XFAV ST. LOUIS. 



took place in tliat institution. This event 1)ein.a; 
now clouded in obscurity, has led to mistakes on 
the part of his modern biooraphers as to the con- 
ditions of his last end. How Mangan entered 
the hospital, Dr. O'Reilly cannot say, as he has 
only his memory to rely on, but he presumes 
that it was as an ordinary patient, for on the 
morning after, Dr. Stokes recognized him 
amongst the other patients of the public ward, 
and ordered him removed to a private one where, 
at Dr. Stokes' expense, everything that could ren- 
der his last days comfortable was bestowed upon 
him. His phvsical and mental condition were 
weak, so that he could little realize the tender 
care with which he was nursed, both by physi- 
cians and students, and he passed away some 
tJine in either May or June of l.S4!». 

Okkick, JOHX Cromwki.i,, nuu' be described 
without flatterv as one of the most able lawyers 
in the West and as one of the most influential 
and reliable citizens of St. lyouis. Although 
not yet fifty-four years of age, he has had charge 
of interests involving millions of dollars, and 
his zeal on behalf of his clients has resulted in 
saving immense sums of money to them. 

It is specially gratifying to note that Mr. 
Orrick is a Missouri man, ha\iug been born at 
St. Charles, on October _'.'), 1.S4(). His father, 
John Orrick, was a Virginian, belonging to the 
famous Pendleton family of the Old Dominit)n. 
He moved to ^Missouri in 1834, and ten years 
later was sent to the State Legislature by St. 
Charles county as a Whig, although the count\- 
was regarded as safeh' Democratic. Mrs. John 
Orrick w^as formerly ]\Iiss Urilla vStouetraker. 
She was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, whither 
her family had removed from Pennsylvania, in 
which State their ancestors had settled at a 
remote period. 

Mr. Orrick, the subject of this sketch, received 
a thorough literary education, the foundation of 
which was laid at tlie Avondale Academy, and 
completed at the St. Charles College, graduating 
from that institution in the class of 1859. He 
then took the law course in the law school of 
Harvard College, graduating in the class of 



I'Sfif, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He 
then returned to St. Charles and commenced the 
practice of law in the office of Mr. Thomas W. 
Cunningham. 

His legal career was, however, interrupted at 
the outset by the war. He espoused the cause 
of the Union and set himself to work to organize 
a military company, which was placed under the 
command of Colonel Arnold Krekel. For two 
years he himself served as captain under Gen- 
eral Lewis Merrill, in North Missouri. In 18(;;{ 
he was appointed counselor for the North Mis- 
souri Railway- Compau}-, now known as the 
Wabash & .St. Louis, and he held this position 
for nine vears. In the same vear he was ap- 
pointed Ijy (iovernor Gamble, United States 
district attorney for the Nineteenth Judicial 
District, to fill the unexpired term caused by the 
resignation of Mr. W. W. Kdwards. He was 
elected for another term in lS(i4, but resigned 
after two years, in order to become a candidate 
on the Republican side to represent St. Charles 
county in the Legislature. He served for two 
terms, and in 18<>8 was elected speaker, being 
the youngest man ever to occupy the chair. He 
pro\-ed an able parliamentarian and a ver\- 
impartial presiding officer, and although he was 
the youngest speaker Missouri has ever seen, he 
was certainly one of the'best. 

The very difficult question of dealing with the 
former secessionists came up for settlement, and 
there was a great divergency of opinion among 
prominent politicians as to the course to be 
adopted. ;\Ir. Orrick, then speaker, advocated 
the remo\-al of disabilities from those disfran- 
chised. It is well known that he was largely 
responsible for the drafting and submission of 
the amendment to the constitution, dealing with 
the jiroblem in a liberal and large-hearted man- 
ner, which enfranchised the rel)els and their 
symjjathizers. 

Public feeling ran high at the time, and .Mr. 
( )rrick, who had offered a resolution in thisdirec- 
tion in the Republican caucus and secured its 
adoption, ran the gauntlet of a great deal of 
l)itter criticism; but he recognized that the 
amendments would, if adopted, cause the .State 





y^L^Mi^J:^ 



nior.R.irHK al appendix. 



863 



to lea]) forwanl more lliaii a oeneratiuii in Us 
iiiaivli (it progress, and tlie results have more 
tlian justified his expectation and prediction. 

.Mr. ( )rrick caure to St. Louis in 1X71, in or- 
der to have a wider and more hicrative field in 
which lo practice his profession, and from that 
lime until the jireseut he has been regarded as 
one of the leading members of the St. Louis 
bar, and has devoted himself exclusively to his 
])nictice. While in St. Charles, Mr. Orrick was 
in partnership with W. \V. P'dwards from \'!^^\'.\ 
to 1S(;4, and afterwards with Colonel Benjamin 
Imuuious, an able jiractitioner at the bar of vSt. 
Charles and adjoining couiuies. This partner- 
ship was continued until 1.S74, with offices in 
St. Lc-inis and St. Charles, CV>l<-)uel Kunnons re- 
maining in St. Charles. In 1S74 .Mr. Orrick 
formed a partnership with General John W. 
Xoble, late secretary of the interior; this part- 
nership was dissolved on January 1, IXX.S, and 
Mr. Orrick has been practicing alone since. 

Mr. Orrick gives his attention entireh- to the 
juactice in ci\il cases, and has been counsel in 
many important and stubbornK-contested cases. 
He was attorney for the St. Louis, Kansas City 
i.\: Colorado Railroad, and as such conducted 
\ery successfully a series of important and in- 
tricate litigations; notably, the contest with the 
Wabash Railway to obtSin entrance to the Union 
Dejiot b\- the use i>f its tracks through I-'orest 
Park into tlie cit\-, and it was decided in favor 
of the plaintiff in the Supreme Court of the 
I'nited States. 

Xoble & Orrick were also the attorneys for 
the St. Louis Gas Light Company during the 
])rolonged litigation between the comjDanx- and 
the i-it\ , in which a fa\-orable decree was obtained 
for their client. 

.Mr. ( )rrick was marrieil in St. Louis, June HI, 
bsCli, I., .Miss Penelope .\lleu, a daughter of 
Hon. P>everly .Mien, an old ami ]u-oniinent 
lawyer of this city. Tlie\ ha\e tliret' cliildven — 
.\llen Cromwell, Christine and P'loience King. 

\Vki.i..s. Rni.i.,\.— .\lthongh not, as his lather 
— a brief record of whose career can be found on 
pages in and 111' of this work — a .self-made 



man, Rolla Wells early luoved himself no less 
energetic, self-reliant and talented and able to 
take up his father's work where it was left off 
and carry it forward to the highest results of 
which the opportunities created by the latter 
were capable. His father was the late Erastus 
Wells, at one time omnibus dri\-er in vSt. Louis, 
and afterwards railroad ])uilder, capitalist. United 
States congressman and publicist. He was a 
man of remarkable energy, common sense and 
solid, sound judgment, and in his career illus- 
trates the immense possibilities American life 
and conditions hold for the young man who has 
the talent, industry and determination to grasp 
them and rise aboxe adversity of circumstance. 

Rolla Wells is one of three children born to 
.Mr. Erastus Wells' first wife, who was a daughter 
of John E. Henr\-, of this city. He was born in 
vSt. Louis in 18.')(>, and was educated at Wash- 
iiigtou University. He couipleted his education 
and left the institution at the age of twenty, im- 
mediately entering the employ of his father for 
the purpose of acquiring a practical business 
training. He quickly manifested his good judg- 
ment and ability to learn and was soon made 
assistant superintendent of the Missouri Street 
Railroad, then under the management of that 
street railroad expert, Alfred W. Henry. He 
showed himself so well adapted to the require- 
ments of his position, and administered the 
affairs of his office with such fidelity and exact- 
ness, that, oil the death of Mr. Henry, he was 
promoted by his father to the responsible posi- 
tion of genei-al manager of the Olive street line. 
Vxom. 1879 to 1X<S3 he conducted its affairs, leav- 
ing it one of the most iiii])ortant and best-paying 
roads in vSt. Louis, in fact, b\ the last named 
\ear the ]M-opert\- had become so \alual)le that 
a s\-iidicate was foniud and such a handsome 
offer made t.. the elder Wells that he sold the 
controlling stock, and the line passed out of his 
hands. 

.\fler the reorganization of the affairs of the 
road had displaced .Manager Wells, he became 
acti\ely interested in the cotton and linseed oil 
business and to a greater or less extent in a 
nnniber of other enterjuises. .\bonl this tinu- 



364 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOriS. 



the liealtli of his father began to fail and the 
weight of liis varied and responsible interests 
fell on the son. The infirmities of the father 
increasing, soon caused the entire superintend- 
ency of his business to rest upon Rolla, who 
was the responsible head of tlie various interests 
up to his father's death in 18tt3, since which 
time he has been actively engaged in the settle- 
ment of the estate as administrator. Both be- 
fore his father's death and since, he has shown 
his capacity for great affairs, as well as an 
ability to keep in mind and successfully manage 
a great nuiltiplicity of interests. He has cer- 
tainly displayed a high degree of talent as a 
business man and occupies a place as one of the 
leaders of the local commercial world. 

Mr. Wells is a lover of the country, and has 
a strong inclination towards an agricultural 
life. He is especially fond of blooded stock, 
and is considered an authority on fine horses. 
For many years he has taken a deep and active 
interest in the success of the vSt. Louis Fair 
Association and Jockey Club, and the stock- 
holders, taking advantage of his executive 
ability and his knowledge of horse-flesh, elected 
him president of both the Fair Association and 
Jockey Club. This office was not one of nominal 
duties or merely honorary attributes for Mr. 
Wells by any means, for the general management 
of both concerns gradually passed into his hands. 

vSo well did he fill both positions of responsi- 
bility that he served three terms at the earnest 
solicitation of his associates, and could probabh- 
have held the office indefinitely had he consented 
to do so. Although the duties of the place were 
both heavy and exacting he administered its 
affairs with less friction and to the better general 
satisfaction of stockholders and public than had 
any officer for years previously, and it was with 
the deepest regret of all concerned that he 
resigned the presidency in the fall of 1893, the 
business of the Jockey Club, Fair Association, 
his father's varied affairs and his own commer- 
cial interests, proving too uuich for even a man 
of his quickness, grasp of affairs and industry to 
see to. Since his resignation he has devoted his 
attention to his own affairs and his father's estate. 



Too often the boy born to an established posi- 
tion and with great wealth at his command finds 
little incentive to make any exertion in an\- 
direction and frequently degenerates into a 
uonentit}-. Mr. Wells is certainly a striking 
exception to such a rule, and has alreadv bv his 
own efforts proved his ability to take and hold 
his place as one of the leaders of men, and that 
he realizes the responsibility of proving himself 
a worthy sou of an able and noble father. 
.\lthough still young in years his judgment has 
the ripeness of maturity, and with the confidence 
of his fellow-citizens and many successes already- 
attained, to his credit, his future .seems full of 
the brightest promxise. 

Mr. W^ells is married, as are most men who 
fully realize their whole duty to themselves and 
humanit)-. He has an interesting family, con- 
sisting of a wife and four children, the former 
being before her marriage Mi.ss Jennie H. Parker, 
of this city. 

JONE.S, J.\MES Coulter, is a young man of 
marked popularity and gives promise of becom- 
ing as successful as his father in his chosen line 
of work. He is a lawyer, and since his admis- 
sion to the bar, excepting two years, has been 
in partnershij) with his father. Judge \A'illiam 
C. Jones, who for fort\-* years has been a bar- 
rister, and for almost as long a period has been 
before the people of St. Louis as a publicist aiul 
man of affairs. The Jones family is of English 
origin, which at an early day came to America 
and spread over \'irginia and Kentucky. James 
C.'s motlier was Mary Chester befoi'e her mar- 
riage. 

Mr. J. C. Jones was born in St. Louis, March 
2;!, ISiii;, and was educated in the public schools 
of this citv. .\t fifteen years of age he went to 
^Marshall, Texas, and while there studied law 
in the office of Hon. .\mory R. vStarr. When 
eighteen years old he returned to St. Louis, was 
admitted to the bar, and for two years practiced 
law alone, and then formed the partnership with 
his father which has since continued. He 
devotes special attention to life and acci- 
dent insurance law, and had charge of that 




P^a;-^^^^\!^^ 



nfocR.irnicAi. irrExnix. 



.■Ki") 



ft-ature of tlie 

Mr. Jones iiui 
JauK-s Maouiu 
Arclil.islioii Ry: 
lliree cliildicii. 



)rate(l 

1 Mis 

St. 

f I'liil 



vSti]H'l cases. 

(lau.i^vlitei- of 

iiul niece of 



P.XTTLSox, Hrcii r., son of Tlionias and 
Rose ( .McOnellan ) I'attison, was born in tiiis 
city, May .S, is:.?, and altliou-^li lie is not yet 
past liis earl\- manhood, is rated as one of the 
most successful anil ii<.)|)iilar \oun^ citizens of 
the westeru metrop- 
olis. He received a 
fair education at the 
parochial schools of 
the city, and on 
lea\in<; them went 
to work as office-lK)>- 
for his father, who 
was sniDerintendent 
of a packing-house 
o{ considerable size 
and importance for 
those days. He re- 
mained at this ap- 
pren ticeshi ]) for 
about two years and 
then transferred his 
services to a grocery 
store, where he acted 
in the capacity of 
clerk for al)ont three 
>-ears. 

He absorbed knowl- 
edge relative to all 

matters of a mercantile character most readily, 
and it was not long before his merits met with 
substantial recognition, with the result that he 
was a])]iointed to the su])erintendenc\' of the 
])aeking and shipping deiiartment of the Ivist 
,St. i.onis Packing and l'ro\ision Company. He 
held this ])osition until the s])ring of I'STlt, and 
then accejHed a position in a like cajnicity with 
the National vStock Yards Company-, where he 
continued until the s]iring of ISSO, when he 
was com])elled to resign on account of ill 
health. 




.\ period spent in the country restored him to 
health, and on his return to St. Louis he ar- 
ranged a partnership with Cnstave Orth, and 
under the firm name of Orth & Pattison they 
ojieued a grocery on Sixteenth street. Within 
about a year Mr. Pattison sold out to his part- 
ner and opened a grocery on his own account at 
l{lliott and Cass avenues. He conducted this 
business very successfulh- for four years, and 
then dis]:)osed of it to acce])t the position of 
superintendent of the Union Club-house, where 
he continued until 
he accepted a posi- 
tion in the city 
water rates office. 
Here lie remained 
two years, or until 
he was called to a 
place in the city 
treasurer's office. 

In 1890, .submit- 
ting to the .solicita- 
tion of his legion of 
friends, he became 
a candidate for of- 
fice, aspiring to be 
clerk of the Crim- 
inal Court. He 



elei 



lud 



HUGH 



Since 


\ o\-emb 


er, 


l.Slto, 


has adminis- 


tered 


tlie affairs 


of 


the 


o ffi c e w 


th 


marked tact and 


sa- 


gacitN 


• and in a mail- 



ner to greatly increase his popularity-. 

Mr. Pattison is married, his domestic part- 
ner having been before marriage Miss Josie 
P'raineN', of this cit\-. 



H I'Tcir I N.soN , Roi! !•: k 
at Petersburg, Virginia 
of Rev. P:. C. Hutchius 
( Randolph ) Hutchinso: 
University of \'irgiiiia 
ISerliu.Cermanv. .\fte 
course abroad he relnriu 



■|' Ra.nhoi.pii, was born 
, .Vugnst I'N, l.s.".7, son 
on, D.I)., and Lucy P.. 
n; was educated at the 
and the l'niversil\- of 
r tinishing his university 
L-d to the United Slates, 



3(;(i 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOCIS. 



and was admitted to the bar in l.S(iU. He came 
to Missouri in 1X41. On the breaking out of 
the civil war he espoused the cause of the South, 
and entered the First .Missouri Infantry Regi- 
ment in the Confederate army, and served as 
assistant adjutant-general of Bowen's Missouri 
Brigade and Division, until the fall of Vicks- 
burg. PVom that time until the close of the war 
he served in Rodes' Division, Jackson's Corps 
of the Army of Northern Virginia, as assistant 
adjutant-general, with the rank of lieutenant- 
colonel. 

When peace was declared. Colonel Hutchin- 
son returned to St. Louis, and being unable to 
practice law on account of the test-oath apply- 
ing to attoruexs, he turned his attention to other 
pursuits, and became cashier of the Lucas Bank 
until its consolidation with the Mechanics' 
P.ank, in LSTil, when he was elected cashier of 
this institution, which position he has since 
held, devoting the ability and educational train- 
ing that would have made him a first-class law- 
yer to the building up and extension of the 
business of the institution in which he holds so 
responsible a trust. 



Western was bought out by the Inland Oil Com- 
pany. ;\Ir. Jones had become such a valuable 
man in the btisiness that the new company 
made him an offer of employment, which he 
accepted. 

After three years he was ready to go into the 
oil business for himself, and he accordingly be- 
came connected with A. A. Speer & Companv, 
the style of the firm becoming Speer, Jones & 
Coui]5auy. This firm did business for five years, 
or until Mr. Jones bought out Mr. Speer's in- 
terest, and has since conducted the business as 
sole proprietor, under the style of George P. 
Jones & Company. A large part of his trade 
lies with railroads, although he sells largely to 
manufacturers, for whom he makes a line of 
specialties. 

.Mr. Jones has been a member of the Merchants' 
Exchange for twenty years. He is also a mem- 
ber of the Mercantile Club, and in fraternal 
circles belongs to the Royal Arcanum and the 
Legion of Honor. He was married .Ma\- 1"), 
l.S.Sl, to Louise C. Crofton, of Bloomiugton, Illi- 
nois. Three children have tieen born to them, 
onl\- one of whom is livino-. 



JuNH.s, (ii'.oKCi-; I'., is a native of Louisville, 
Kentucky, where he was born September 11, 
1!^.')'), nearh- half a century ago. He was 
brought to St. Louis when but four years of 
age. His father, Henr\- Jones, was a prosper- 
ous physician, and followed his profession for 
many years in Louisville, but on locating in 
St. Louis retired from active practice. His 
mother's maiden name was Eliza Kate Carlisle. 

The lad received a thorough common school 
education in the public schools of the city, and 
when he had progressed as far as these schools 
could take him, he then took the regular com- 
mercial courses at Jones' Business College. 
Innnediately after his graduation from the busi- 
ness college, employment was offered by the 
Western Oil Com])any: he accepted, and this 
was the beginning of his connnercial career in a 
line of business in which he has continued ever 
since. His time of service with this companv 
continued over a term of five vears, or until the 



RiciiARDSOx, William C, M.D., was born 
March Ii', LS41*, near Davenport, Iowa. His 
early years were spent on a farm, principalh- in 
Illinois, where his father remo\eil while he was 
(|uite \<>ung. He entered the arm\- in l.sii;>, be- 
ing then but fourteen \-ears of age, enlisting as 
a private in the vSeventeenth Illinois Cavalr\-. 
He served during the remainder of the war, and 
at its close was honorablv discharged. He is 
now a member of Ransom Post, Ci. A. R. 

In ISdl, while on a special ser\'ice in St. 
Louis, he became so well impressed with the 
cit\- as a field of future usefulness, that at the 
end t)f his term of service in the arni\' he de- 
termined to locate here to practice his chosen 
profession. After completing his studies, he 
began the ]iractice of medicine and surgery in 
St. Louis. 

In 1.S70 he married Miss Dinaise \'erdier, an 
accomplished ladv, a native of l-'rance, but 
reared and educated in St. Louis. 



ni( u./,\ nunc. //. Arriixnix. 



.';(i7 



Dr. Ricliardsoii has hceii from tlie cuiniiiencc- 
iiKMil of liis medical career an enthusiastic and 
untiriuj; student of his profession, and he soon 
became recognized as one of the lights of his 
school. He was appointed adjunct professor of 
diseases of women in the Homceopathic Medi- 
cal College of Missouri in IHOtt, and in 1X7;! 
was made professor of obstetrics and surgical 
diseases of wonien, which position he still 
holds. 

rer of the college 



1 


n 1878 he \v 


IS elected t 


and later dean, w 


hich 


oifi 


ce he now holds. 


Fri 


ui 1X7.') to 


1S7S 


he 


was editor o 
n-icaii O/ku 


• the 


All 




an< 


in 1880 o 


■ the 


.lA 


//nr/Co/iriri 


,aud 


is 


a frequent 


COU- 


tributor to the i 


ledi- 


cal 


journals an 


1 so- 


cie 


ies, inchu 


ling 


loc 


il. State anc 


1 na- 


tioi 


ial,iu all of w 


hich 


he 
me 


holds an a 
nl)ershi]i. 


ctive 


.\ 


midstallthis 


unil- 


tip 


icitv of w 


'rk. 




DR. WILLIAM C. k!ICI1ARl)^.()N. 



a text- 
a stand 



i u fan t um 
r diseases of c 
ok on obstetric: 
d work, not only 
untr\-, hut in 1mi 
iclor i-^ one of ih 



Idren; and in 1S7.S 
which has become 
the medical schools 



Tl 

this comuniuil\-, 
sivcly with the .\. 
into I'"nter])rise Li 
.March-, 187(;; the 
Lodge of Mis.souri 
siou he was elcctc 
the office coiUinu 



(). r. \V. Ul 
dge, -Xo. ."., of 
following moil 
was instituted 
.1 C.nuid Reco' 
.usly up to .M 



I most 

.St. I,, 
Lh the 
.\l tl 
<ler, an 
irch 1, 



The Doctor's great interest in the order was 
made manifest b\- inaugurating a more perfect 
system of medical examination, which has 
proved to be the most perfect yet devised by any 
beneficiary order. It was adopted by the Su- 
preme I^odge unanimously, and the Doctor was 
at once appointed supreme medical examiner 
under it. While occupying this position he 
com]iiled a book of instructions for medical ex- 
aminers, which is the recognized guide for over 
ten thousand medical examiners throughout 
the entire United 
States and Canada. 

From 1882 to 1888 
he was chairman of 
the Supreme Lodge 
Committee on \'ital 
Statistics, and his re- 
]3orts have circulated 
all over the world. 
He is known every- 
where as ///(•• author- 
ity on vital statistics 
relating to the work 
of beneficiary soci- 
eties. His reports 
show great stud)- and 
research. 

In Xo\-ember, l.s;i2, 
he was elected public 
administrator of the 
cit\- of St. Louis for 
a term of four \ears. 
He had always be- 
fore kept out of poli- 
tics, but the Republican party, with which he 
has always been identified, was so earnest and 
em])hatic in tendering him this nomination, and 
subseciuent election, that he was finalK' con- 
strained to accei)t it. His election that year by 
the largest number of \oles of any one t)u the 
ticket, when e\erything else went Democratic, 
was a nuirk oi the high esteem in which he is 
held by the connnunit)-. 

.Ml of the time that can be spared from his 
practice is dcN'oted to the ]>romotiou of the wel- 
fare of two of our best-known institutions, the 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



HoiiKEopathic .Medical Co]le<,'e of Missouri and 
tlie Ancient Order of United Workmen, in both 
of which he is honored with the highest official 
positions. 

Dr. Richardson is a fluent lecturer, and his 
reputation as a speaker is such that he is often 
called upon to deliver public addresses for socie- 
ties and institutions of learning. His reputa- 
tion as a consultant and surgeon is so extensive 
that he is frequently called to distant cities for 
consuhations and to perform operations. 

Platt, Hkxky S. — While Kentucky and Vir- 
ginia have ftirnished their quota of forceful men 
who have made St. Louis the great city she is 
to-day, no less a number of uien of this character 
who have become the leading merchants, manu- 
facturers, bankers, aud professional men of 
St. Louis, were born in New York. Many other 
Northern States are represented here, notwith- 
standing the fact that St. Louis is .sometimes 
said to be a .southern city, inhabited only by 
.southern people. 

Among the other prominent St. Louisans na- 
tive of New York is the subject of this sketch, 
who was born in the quiet little village of An- 
gelica, in Alleghany county, October 19, 1828, 
and therefore lacks but four years of having 
reached his three score \ears and ten. He is 
the son of Theodorus James P. and Melissa A. 
Platt, whose maiden nauie was Bellinger, and, 
although educational facilities were not of the 
best in that early day even in New York, the 
lad received a fairly good education in the com- 
mon schools of the State. 

Some men absorb knowledge froui ever\- 
source, and with little regular schooling are 
still well educated men, while others after 
attending schools and colleges for years have 
yet learnt little, for where the natural talents 
exist education is easy. Mr. Platt was endowed 
at birth with natural talents of a high order, and 
he was therefore enabled to make the most of 
meager educational facilities, and these natural 
endowments have subsequently contributed 
largely to his material success. 

In 184(1, or when about eighteen years old. 



he became imbued with the idea that the Wes1 
was the jjlace for a young man, and he accord- 
ingly bade his relatives and friends good-bye, 
and in April of the above-mentioned year landec 
in St. Louis. He thus became to some exteni 
a real pioneer, for while St. Louis in that da} 
was of certain relati\e im]iortance, it was fai 
from being actually urore than a good-sizec 
town. After reaching the town he formed f 
connection with the drug firm of Barron & 
Rothwell, then located on Pine street, betweer 
Main and Le\ee, intending to learn the btisi- 
ness. 

However, the war with Mexico was brewing 
aud soon broke, aud the \oung druggist after £ 
year's serxice with the firm was moved to enlisi 
under Colonel A. R. Easton and Lieutenant- 
Colonel Ferdinand Kennett in Company B. Ht 
served, however, only from May until August, ir 
which month he returned to St. Louis, and witl; 
the limited amount of capital which he hac 
acquired opened a small drug store on the north- 
east corner of Se\'enth street and PVanklir 
a\-enue. He conducted a very successful ant 
constantly expanding business here until 18(ii. 
when he went into partnership with Robert 
Thornburgh, and with their capitals thus com- 
bined the retail drug business was abandoned 
and a paint, oil and glass business established. 

As ;\Ir. Platt is essentially a business man, 
and as the business which he so prosperously 
conducted for so many years is \'ery closely 
identified with and reflects his personality, it is 
fitting that a few facts relative to the samt 
should be here given. Mr. Platt judged rightly 
that there was a demand for such commodities 
that would amply support a house dealing in 
them exclusively, and the firm was prosperous 
from the da\- of its institution. P^ver ambitious, 
Mr. Platt was not content with the field of labor 
offered by the paint, oil and glass business 
alone, and with an energy of a kind that is the 
moving force of commerce, in 18(i5, he, in con- 
nection with other gentlemen, established a 
white lead manufacturing plant at the corner oi 
M:iin and I^oml)ard streets. 

This business was run under the firm luune ol 



liKUiR. \rilICAI. APPEXniX. 



nC!) 



riatl, Tlioiiihur.uli X; Coiiipaiiv niilil Lstu, when 
it was incorporated as the vSontlicrn Wliite Lead 
Coni])any, a name that was afterward carried to 
every point of the country by the company's 
]irodiicts. ( )f this company Mr. Piatt was made 
\ice-i)resident, and like every other measure 
with which he has been connected, the mills did 
a l)i<i business until 18cS;i, when, upon the forma- 
tion of the lead trust the .Southern :\lills were 
absorbed, and are now conducted as a jiart of 
the huo;e corporation. In March, l!S^!(l, the 
paint, oil and glass business was incorporated 
as the Piatt & Thornburgh Paint and Glass 
Coiupany, with H. S. Piatt, president; Robert 
Thornburgh, vice-president, and H. W. Hayden, 
secretary. In December, of the same year, Mr. 
R. Thornburgh died, and his sou, W. H. Thorn- 
burgh, took his place as vice-president. ^Ir. 
Ha\deu also died soon afterward and was 
succeeded in the secretaryship by H. Boardman. 
In lHl)rnary, 18W, Mr. Piatt, finding that his 
health was failing him, retired from active busi- 
ness, turning his business over to his sous. This 
made necessary another reorganization of the 
company, and W. H. Thornburgh was elected 
president; Philip C. Piatt, vice-president; H. 
P>oardman, secretary, and C. R. Piatt, assistant 
secretary; and H. S. Piatt, Jr., superintendent. 
In connection with this business the company 
has erected a five-story building for the purpose 
of storing and handling paints, glass, etc. The 
fact that St. Liniis is the leading paint and glass 
market in the country, and that the house is the 
largest in the city, will give some idea to its 
importance. 

Much of the present success of the business is 
undoubtedly due to ^Ir. Piatt, as his sound 
judgment and energy have played a most ini- 
])ortaut ])art in the compan\'s historw He is 
an excellent citizen, respected by all who know 
him, and is a man of inflexible integrity and 
honesty. Many demands have been made on 
his ability in the conduct of enterprises outside 
of the business with which he has been regu- 
larl\- identified. He was one of the original 
organizers of the Crystal Plate (ilass Comjiany, 
of which he is still a director; he is also one of 



the original founders ai the P'ranklin ISauk, and 
is still connected with the instituti(ju as a 
director. 

Mr. Piatt has had a large family of children, 
se\eu of whom, six sons and one daughter, are 
yet living. All are children of intelligence and 
promise, and are a great sujiport to their parents 
in their old age. Mr. Piatt was married Octo- 
l)er i:«, l.S.-)l, to Miss Elizabeth W. P,arnes, of 
Philadeljdiia, Pennsylvania. 

La.SHKR, RorkkT K., sou of P^li and Marv 
(Kellogg) Lasher, was born at Hillsdale, New 
York, June m, 1848. He attended the Hills- 
dale district schools three or four months in the 
vear until twelve years old, when he went to 
work on his father's farm, lu bsiii' he secured 
other employment, and in l-sdli turned his at- 
tention to carpentering, but later decided to 
learn the carriage business and entered the 
South Egremont ( Massachusetts ) carriage fac- 
tory. In 1871 he removed to Lincoln, Ne- 
braska, and for sixteen months worked at his 
trade, but in 187:^ came to .St. Louis. P'or six 
years he worked hard at his trade, putting bv 
money monthly with a view to go into business 
for himself. In 1880 he commenced manufact- 
uring kitchen safes, under the firm name of 
Campbell & Lasher, l)ut sold out, and in 1^81 
established the firm of R. V,. Lasher lS: Co., 
with a furniture manufactory at 1424 North 
Main street. 

In April, bSSH, the factory was partly de- 
stroyed by fire. Afterward he purchased the 
vacant lots 2722 to 27.SO on South Third .street, 
upon which he erected a modern and splen- 
didly-equipped one-story brick factory, cover- 
ing a space of 8.')xl."')2 feet, which later was 
increased in size by the addition of one story, 
and it is still occujued by its enterprising 
builder. 

In Eebruary, bs,s4, M,-. \V. H. Martin was 
admitted to partnership, but in 188;i the founder 
of the firm purchased his interest from him. 
Seventy-five skilled mechanicsare uowemployed 
in the establishment. Mr. Lasher was a mem- 
ber of the old P'uruiture Board of Trade, and 



OLD AND N1-:\V ST. LOUIS. 



continued his nKmbcislii]) wlien, in l.S«!S, it was 
reorjrani/.ed. In l.^'.M Mr. r.asher was elected 
president of tlie Ixiard. 

St. Louis is now one of the three great furni- 
ture manufacturing cities of America, and to Mr. 
Lasher is due much of the credit for forcing the 
business of his choice to the front. 

Ad.wis, Elmer B., was born October '11, 
1.S42, at Pomfret, Windsor county, Vernioiil. 
Hi.s parents were Jarvis and Eunice (Mitchell) 
Adams. He received a thorough collegiate edu- 
cation, graduating from the Kimball Union 
Academy, at Meriden, New Hampshire, in isdl. 
preparatory to entering Yale College, from which 
he graduated in the class of 1865. He then 
made a tour of the Southern States as a corre- 
spondent and agent for certain wealthy and 
philanthropic citizens of New York and Phila- 
delphia, who desired to contribitte to the educa- 
tion of the children of the indigent whites in 
the South. In furtherance of this design, Mr. 
Adams inaugurated a system of free schools in 
Atlantic and Milledgeville, Georgia, with the 
aid furnished by the New York and Philadel- 
phia parties, erecting school-houses and employ- 
ing teachers, part of whom were drawn from 
the North and part from the South. These 
schools were devoted exclusively to the educa- 
tion of poor white children, and were supported 
for one \-ear by the parties represented by Mr. 
Adams. 

After spending a year in the South, Mr. 
.\dams returned to \'ermont and began reading 
law in the office of (rovernor P. T. Washburn 
and C. P. Marsh, of Woodstock, where he re- 
mained for two years, except during one term at 
Harvard College Law School in l.S(i7. After 
being admitted to the bar in Vermont, in l!Sti8, 
he came to Missouri and was admitted to the 
bar in the same year. He at once began the 
practice of law and remained alone until 1.S7-2, 
when he entered into partnership with Mr. 
Bradley I). Lee, which continued until January 
1, l.S7!i, when he took his seat on the Circuit 
Court bench, to which he had been elected 
on the Democratic ticket in November preced- 



ing, having defeated Judge David Wagner, 
ex-chief justice of the Supreme Court of Mis- 
souri. 

Judge Adams .served the full term of six years 
for which he had been elected and declined a 
re-election, preferring to return to the practice. 
On retiring from the bench in IS.S.") he formed 
a partnership with Judge W. E. Boyle and Mr. 
John E. McKeighan, under the firm name of 
Boyle, .\dams & McKeighan, which was con- 
tinued until January 1, 18il2, when it was 
dissolved Ijy mutual consent, and Judge Adams 
and Boyle formed a partnership under the name 
of Boyle & Adams. 

While Judge Adams was on the bench cases 
involving the enforcement of the laws for the 
collection of delinquent taxes and winding up of 
insolvent insurance contpanies came before him 
for adjudication. He held those laws to be valid 
and established a precedent for their enforce- 
ment. The principles of law invohed in these 
cases were new and unsettled when brought 
before him. 

Since he retired from the bench, Judge Adams 
has been employed as counsel in many of the 
most important cases that have come before the 
courts in this State, among which we might 
mention his connection as attorney for the 
receiver of the Provident Savings Bank, as one 
of the attorneys of the Laclede (ias Company 
in its im])ortant litigation with the city, and has 
represented several corporations in opposing the 
anti-trust law enacted by the Legislature in 
I8.s;i, themo.st notable of which was the defense 
of the Simmons Hardware Company in the suit 
brought by the State to forfeit the charter of 
that corporation for an alleged ^•iolatiou of the 
act of ISSii. He is also attorne\- forthe Lindell 
Railway Company. 

Judge Adams is a thorough lawyer and does 
not permit anything to divert him from his pro- 
fession. As a judge on the bench he was a 
model of courtesy to the bar, and his decisions 
and rulings were marked by that strong sense 
of justice and clear perception of right which 
characterized in every age the well-trained 
law\er and the profound jurist. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



.".71 



Duriiiii the siunnier of ISS.") Jvids^-e 
si)cnl his \acatii)n in Kiirojie, rfluniiui; 
tobcr to resume his official duties. He 
many places of historic interest and can 
benefited in every wax hy liis tri]i. 

Jnd.iL;e Adams was married Sejitenilier 1 
Id Miss I'.mnia Richmond, of W'oodst 
mont. 

Stokkkl, Rk.mv Joseph, M.D., son 
and Adelaide ( Marys ) .Stoffel, was born 
h'rance, December 1, 
l.s.')(i. His parents 
came to this countr\- 
wlien he was an in- 
fant, leavinw him in 
care of his ,o;rand- 
motlier in Paris; and 
liis father was in bus- 
iness in this city as 
a wall paper and car- 
pet mere ha nt lie- 
twcen the years of 
is:..-) and I'ST.S. 

when he 
years of 
(J Rem\- 
is countr\- 



Adams 
in Oc- 



^k, \-^ 



Paris, 



In ISliO 
i\as nine 
i_y;e, youi 



came to th 

and attended school 

at tlie PUliot ( now 

the ICads ) School. 

He remained here for 

si.\ years, acquiring 

a sound education, 

and on reaching his 

majority went to St. Vincent's College at Cape 

C.irardeau, Missouri, where he graduated in the 

commercial department after two and a half 

years' study. He then taught school at Kvans- 

ville for a year, and for another year at .Sparta, 

afler whicli he returned to St. Louis, 

ing medicine as a profession stut 

Doctor Booth, of Belleville, and Do 

ens, of this city. 

In 1S77 he entered the .St. Louis Medical 
College, where he graduated in l.S.so, obtaining 
his diploma witli honors. He at once com- 




DR. 



and select- 
ied under 
:tor Hodg- 



nienced to practice medicine in >St. Louis, and 
in the year 1."<1M) was appointed attending phy- 
sician to tlie medical department of the Alexian 
Brothers' Hospital. Doctor Stoffel is a kind and 
able physician; and by giving every case which 
is brought under his notice his most careful 
attention, he has succeeded in getting a large 
and paying practice. 

He is a member of the St. Louis Medical Soci- 
ety, the Missouri State Medical Association, and 
the American Medical Association. He is also 
a ]M-ominent member 
of nearly all of the 
benevolent and bene- 
ficiary orders. 

In the year l.SSO 
Doctor Stoffel mar- 
ried Miss Marv K. 
Green, of this city, 
a lady who has been 
identified with the 
public schools and 
has attained a very 
high reputation as a 
teacher, her last and 
best work being at 
Humboldt School. 
Their familyat pres- 
ent consists of two 
girls and two boys, 
who, fortunately, in- 
herit the al_)i]it\" and 
industryof bothtlieir 
^^QPPgL parents, and aremak- 

ing rapid progress. 
Tkrry, Johx H. — The real estate men of St. 
Louis stand high as a class, both because of 
their energy and responsibility, and there is 
none among them better known or more gener- 
ally respected than John H. Terry, of the firm 
of Terry, Scott & Company, doing business at 
t)23 Chestnut street. 

Mr. Terry was born in a farm-house in Seneca 
county, New York, in the year lf<37. In him 
is combined both the blood of the English and 
Irish, a combination that makes the strongest 
and most energetic men of the Caucasian race. 



372 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



His father, W. James Terry, was of Irish de- 
scent, and was reared on Long Island. ^Irs. 
Terry was of a good old linglisli faniih", but 
was born in New York. Mr. and Mrs. Terry 
were the parents of a family of ten children, of 
whom the subject of this sketch' was the 
eighth. 

Like most men who have succeeded, young 
John was taught the lesson of industry and self- 
reliance by hard work. While a bo>- he worked 
on his father's farm, and attended the district 
school in the winter. New York has always 
been blessed with good public schools, and at 
the age of twenty the young man was possessed 
of a good common school education. At this 
time the question of his vocation in life came 
up. His father tried to induce him to follow in 
his own footsteps and become a fanner, but the 
bov was ambitious and determined to embark in 
a professional career, his heart being set on be- 
coming a lawyer. 

In 1859 his father died, and a year afterward 
the young man entered the Albany Law School, 
having already taken preliminary conrses at 
Trumansburg and Ithica academies. He had 
not sufficient mone)- to complete his legal edu- 
cation, and was compelled to work several 
hours each day to pay expenses. Whenever a 
\-oung man is compelled to pay for his own edu- 
cation by hard work, he shows he is made of the 
metal of which success is coined. In 18(U Mr. 
Terry graduated with honor, and returning to 
Ithica, entered the law office of Boardman & 
Finch, then the leading j)ractitioners of that 
section of the State. 

Scarcely had he gotten fairly started on his 
legal career when the war broke out. Being 
always a man with a high sense of honor and 
duty, he could not remain at home when his 
country needed him, and actuatedby these noble 
impulses he enlisted as a private on August 17, 
18(i-2, in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty- 
seventh Regiment, New York Volunteers. He 
did untiring work in raising this company at his 
old home in New York, and when he had finally 
succeeded, his companions in arms, recognizing 
his evident courage and abilitv, rewarded his 



good work by electing him captain, his commis- 
sion being dated Augu.st 28, 18()2. The com- 
panv was mustered into the United States ser\ice 
September 20, 1862, the regiment being a part 
of the Third Brigade of the Second Division ol 
the Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac, com- 
manded by General Henry Slocum. Captair 
Terrv made a brave soldier and an officer thai 
all his men loved and trusted on every occa- 
sion where danger threatened. He servec 
through all the campaigns of the Army of th« 
Potomac, participating, among others, in the 
battles of Fredericksburg, Winchester and Chan- 
cellorville. On the third day of the last-namec 
battle he was severely wounded and carried of 
the field. Owing to this wound and incidenta 
ill health, he was compelled to resign his com 
uiission and retire from the army the Juni 
following. 

After the war he spent some time at his olc 
home in New York State, and likewise livec 
for a time at Washington, D. C. Seeking ai 
opportunity for an opening, none offering in tin 
East, he concluded to tr\' the West, just thei 
beginning the wonderful growth inangnratee 
bv the change and uphea\-al caused b\- the war 
Starting on a tour of the West, he stopped a 
Ravenna, Ohio, long enough to review anc 
polish up his legal learning, which had becomi 
rusty through his years of military .service. 

In the summer of 18(jr) Mr. Terry arrived ii 
St. Louis, full of hope and ambition, l)ut with 
out a friend or acquaintance in the cit\-, anc 
with but thirty dollars in his pocket. However 
he was in no way discouraged and set braveb 
to work to begin building the fabric of his fort 
une. That winter he delivered a course o 
lectures before the students of Bryant & Strat 
ton's Commercial College, and later for sonu 
time acted as assistant Ignited States attorney 
under Charles (x. Mauro, finally forming th( 
law partnership of Terr\- X: Terr\-. It will thu; 
be seen that he was not long in making his per 
souality felt as a force in the community, whicl 
fact is further emphasized by the fact that ii 
l.siiS, or three \ears after his coming to .St 
Louis, he was elected to the Twentv-fifth Gen 




/ 







-p^^ 



niOGRAPH/CAf. APPExnrx. 



era! Asseiiibh- mi tlie Deiuocralic ticket. Dur- 
iiii; tlie session he was one (.)t the leaders of tlie 
Hduse ami liis al)ilit\' be.i^aii to attract attention. 
In I'^Tl lie was appointed land conuni.ssioner, a 
jndicial position of importance at that time in 
vSt. Lonis, and the affairs of which office he ably 
administered. 

In 1.S74 he was aj^ain sent to the Le,u;islatnre, 
bnt this time to the Senate. His ability was 
reco,t;nized by the Senate as by the House, and 
he was given a place on several of the most im- 
portant committees, such as the committees of 
accounts, ways and means and criminal juris- 
prudence, and was chairman of ways and means 
and a member of swamp lands, the blind asylum 
and the insane committees. During the session 
he accomplished a vast amount of work, (lifted 
with forcible eloquence, a logical mind and rare 
personal magnetism, he won the respect and 
esteem of his colleagues at once, and was recog- 
nized as one of the most influential men of the 
bodv. During his terms in the Legislature he 
conceived and succeeded in lia\-ing ])assed the 
law governing the condemnation of propert\- in 
St. Louis, and the present insurance law of the 
State. 

.\t the end of his term as senator he returned 
to St. Louis, where he decided to devote his en- 
tire attention to the law. Although he was 
\er\' successful in his profession and had soon 
built up a legal business that placed him among 
the leading members of his profession, with that 
keen business sense that has always character- 
ized him, he became convinced that real estate 
offered a more rapid road to wealth. Acting 
upon this conviction, he, in 1S72, formed a part- 
nership with Mr. S. vS. Scott, the firm name 
being Terry &. Scott. 

The association assumed at once a ])ositit)n as 
one of the most responsible and c(jnser\ati\e 
real estate firms of the city. During the activ- 
ity in real estate during the past decade it has 
extended its business in every direction and has 
l)een very prosperous. The legal knowledge 
and connections formed during the practice of 
his profession 1)\- Judge Terr\- were of great ad- 
vantage to the real estate firm, and many of his 



old friends and clients intrusted the firm with 
their business in jK-rfect confidence. 

It is to be expected that a man of Judge 
Terry's force and character would be felt in the 
affairs of the community in which he lived. He 
has borne a good share of local public work, and 
was one of the organizers of the Real Estate Ex- 
change, and its president during one term. The 
Mercantile Club has had the benefit of his influence 
and advice. He has served it as its vice-presi- 
dent for four )ears, as a director, and had also 
acted as chairman of the house committee, and 
did much for the club in the earlier days of its 
existence. He is a patron of belles lettres^ and 
in recognition of his scholarship he now holds 
the presidency of the I'uitarian Club, one of the 
leading literar\- clubs of the cit>'. He is now 
also president of the St. Louis Property S: Fi- 
nancial Company, and is a member of several 
important local societies. He organized and 
was first chancellor of the Legion of Honor, a 
very successful benevolent society, which now 
has a membership of .'),()()(). 

Mr. Terry's home-life has yielded him the 
fullest share of domestic happiness, and has been 
brightened by a delightful little romance. In 
l«(i.H Judge Terry was married to Miss Elizabeth 
Todd, daughter of a well-known St. Louisan, 
Hon. Albert Todd. The union lasted twenty 
years, or until IS'SS, when Mrs. Terry died. 
During his boyhood days Judge Terry had 
known and loved Miss Vashti Boardman, who 
lived on a farm adjoining his father's and with 
whom he attended the same di.strict school. 
Some circumstance caused a barrier to rise 
between the lovers, }'oung Terry came West, and 
Miss Vashti married Edward Pearsall. In Lss.') 
Mrs. Pearsall was left a widow. In IMIU Judge 
Terry went P^ast to visit the scenes of his boy- 
hood days, and while at his old home met Mrs. 
Pearsall; their lo\-e was renewed and a very 
])rett\' romance was crowned by orange blos- 
soms September ii, ISHI. 

Judge Terr\ has four sons 1)\- his first wife. 
The two oldest, .\lberl and Robert, graduated at 
Cornell Uuiversit\ in \>>\\-l. Robert is taking a 
medical education at Cohunbia College, New 



OLD AXD NEW ST. LOUIS. 



York, while Albert is his father's able assistant 
in the real estate business. 

Judge Terry's career has been most honorable 
and successful. Being one of the younger sons 
of a large family he has inherited nothing from 
his parents but a proper training and the virtues 
of industr\- and honesty, and he is therefore a 
.self-made man. By these qualities he has forced 
him.self to the front. 

Nasse, August, son of August and Matilda 
(Werdmann) Nasse, was born in St. Charles 
county, Missouri, November 29, 1837. He was 
educated in the public schools of Gasconade 
county, his parents having moved when he was 
nine years old. In 1854 young Nasse came to 
St. Louis and secured a position with the whole- 
sale dry goods house of Collins, Kellogg & 
Kirby. He attended strictly to his duties dur- 
ing the day, and being anxious to perfect his 
education attended night school after office 
hours. He remained with Messrs. Collins, Kel- 
logg & Kirby for a period of eight years, com- 
mencing as stock boy and being promoted l)y 
rapid stages to the positions of shipping clerk, 
superintendent, traveling salesman book-keeper 
and cashier. 

In the year lH(il Mr. Nasse enli.sted in the 
Third Missouri Reserves, under General John 
McNeil. He served for three months with the 
Reserves, and then entered the State militia, 
in which he did active work until October, l.S(i4, 
when he was mustered out. He then entered 
into clerical work for several commission houses, 
continuing until the year 18(U>, when he entered 
into partnership with Mr. Conrad Fink in the 
wholesale grocery business. The firm of Fink 
& Nasse is still in existence, the members of the 
firm now being Wm. Ct. Fink, Conrad Fink, 
August Nasse and Henry Gildehans. They 
carry on a very large business as wholesale gro- 
cers on North Main street, their establishment 
extending from No. 13 to No. 19. The)- have 
traveling salesmen throughout the entire West, 
and are belie\ed to do a larger business in matches 
and other specialties than any other house in the 
West. It has also a manufacturing plant and 



makes a number of brands of pure spices, pow- 
dered sugared goods and extracts, besides roast- 
ing all its own coffee. It has about 350 men in 
its employ and maintains large branches at 
Clinton, Missouri, and Hot Springs, Arkan.sas. 
Mr. Nasse is a very prominent St. Louisan, 
and is one of the moneyed men of the city. He 
is a member of the German, Union and Lieder- 
kranz clubs, and also of the St. Louis Swim- 
ming School, of which he is a director, and the 
Legion of Honor. He married on March 2(), 
18B7, Miss Caroline Fink, of vSt. Louis, and 
has three sons, August, Albert and Walter. 

EhrhardT, J. G., M.D.— Dr. F. Hhrhardt, 
since deceased, a native of Germany, and a 
graduate of the University of (ioettingen, had 
a most remarkable and successful career in the 
field of medicine. After distinguishing himself 
in his own country he emigrated to America 
and located in Beard.stown, Illinois, where he 
soon rose in his profession, and at the time of 
his death was known throughout the country as 
one of the aljlest physicians and surgeons in the 
State of Illinois. In the fall of 1849 he had 
born to him a son of much promise and whose 
career was then destined to be one of much suc- 
cess and prosperity in the profession of his father. 

Young Ehrhardt, the subject of this sketch, 
at a very early age applied himself to acquiring 
knowledge in the preliminary studies selected 
with great care as being best fitted for his 
successful study of medicine. After a most 
diligent course of study and training at tlie 
public schools of his native town, and under the 
careful and judicious training of a corps of 
tutors, young Ehrhardt began the study of 
medicine with Dr. F. E. Baumgarten as his 
preceptor. He soon entered the St. Louis Med- 
ical College and applied himself very studiously 
during three years, when he graduated with 
highest honors; this was in 18(59. 

The Doctor immediately left for the old 
country, with a view to completing his course 
of medicine, which he considered that he had 
only just begun, going to Germany, where he 
entered the University of Goettingen; here he 



BIOCKA I'HICA I. APPENDIX. 



875 



was fx-fr reniiiKlfd of the close conneetion he 
IkuI to this old iiistiliitioii of medical leariiinsj, 
in that his father had s^radnaled within its 
walls years before; this added much to the 
enthusiasm and earnestness with which the 
Doctor applied himself to his course. 

The Doctor also studied at the universities of 
Berlin and Vienna, acquirino- much useful 
knowledoe and ijaining experience from his 
association with these celebrated institutions. 
After three years the Doctor returned to the 
scenes of his child- 
hood, and anions; 
those who were 
once his playmates, 
now .i^rown to man- 
hood and men of 
families, he engaged 
ill the general prac- 
tice of medicine, in 
partnershi]) with his 
father. 

The Doctor dur- 
iiiLi; these \ears of 
practice de\eloped 
so largely in his 
profession that he 
found the necessity 
of engaging in a 
broader field, and 
looking u]K)n vSt. 
Louis as being a 
ci t >■ o f a d\-au ce- 
ment, more progres- 
si\e ideas and larger 

opjiortunities, the Doctor became identified with 
this city in 1875, whose confidence and esteem 
he soon well merited and whose patronage he 
largely ac(|uired. Doing a general practice of 
medicine, the Doctor was very successful and 
liad a large and innsl reiuuiu-ratix'e practice, when 
he abandoned it to gi\-(.- his atleiition entirely to 
acquiring knowledge of the special treatment of 
the eye and ear, having formed an ardent desire 
for this s]iecialty while attending lectures and 
witnessing the operations of .some of the 
greatest then living ocnlists known to the 




profession, among others the renowned \'on 
(iraefe, of IVrliu. 

vSo thoroughly was he possessed with the desire 
to adopt this specialty that he went to Europe in 
l'S83, and there spent over one year in studying 
the diseases of the eye and ear in the hospitals 
and clinics of Berlin, Vienna, Paris and London, 
and having perfected himself in the knowledge 
of his chosen specialty, r-etnrned to St. Louis, 
and here established himself in a successful 
]nactice which has since grown to be one of the 
largest in the city. 
The Doctor soon 
became connected 
with the vSt. Louis 
College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons, 
being unanimously 
elected professor of 
ophthalmology and 
otology, which chair 
he still fills with 
credit to himself and 
those around him. 
He has extended his 
field of usefulness in 
accepting the posi- 
tion of consulting 
physician on dis- 
eases of the eye and 
ear to the St. Louis 
City and Female 
hospitals, and lends 
his assistance in 
critical operations 
11 the Pius Hospital demanding special skill. 
While the Doctor does not pose before the 
literary man, yet he has fre- 
1 jxipers ui)on subjects which 



KHRMARDT. 



medical world as 

(luenth- contribut 



in tl 



luue awakeiK-i 
brethren cons 
time to time 
Oplithalmoloo\ 
American Jouiiial <■ 
St. f.oitix Cliiii(jit<-. 
member of the ( 
Societv. 



minds 
erable thou* 
ippeared in 
the Aniiiv 



)f his professional 
It, having from 
the Archirfs of 
»• of Otology, the 



f .Inicricaii .Scioiccs ^.wA the 

The Doctor is a prominent 

k-rman St. Louis Medical 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



The Doctor has extensive experience in 
traveling, having been abroad four times, and 
in 1890 was a distinguished member of the 
Ophthalmological Section of the International 
Medical Congress, then convened in Berlin. 

Dr. Ehrhardt owns a very elegant home on 
Grand avenue, so popularly known for its many 
handsome residences. The Doctor takes great 
pride in his home and has spared no expense in 
furnishing and fitting it up for his family, until 
now it might be considered one of the finest 
homes in e\-ery respect in St. Louis. 

The Doctor was married in 1<S77 to I\Iiss 
Fannie Eggers, of this city and daughter of 
Mrs. Bertha Eggers. Mrs. Ehrhardt is a lad\- 
of varied accomplishments, of unusual brillianc\- 
and intellect and conversational powers and in 
e\-ery wa\' worthy of the noble husband whose 
luune she bears. 

Branch, Joskph \V., son of Richard and 
Sarah Branch, members of well-known English 
families, was l)orn at Rotherham, England, in 
the year 1821). His birthplace has been im- 
mortalized by Sir Walter Scott in the first 
chapter of ' ' Ivanlioe, ' " and is one of the prettiest 
and most romantic districts of England. He 
was a somewhat delicate child and was unable 
to stand the rough usage of public school life, 
and in consequence of this he was educated at 
home by his mother. Mrs. Branch was a ver\- 
talented lad\", and her son's education was in 
consequence \-er\- thorough, and quite as good 
as he could have obtained had he attended 
school at an early age. In addition to this he 
learned from his parents lessons in integrity and 
zeal which have resulted in bringing him to the 
front as one of the leading men of St. Louis and 
Missouri. 

He spent much of his spare time in his 
father's factory at Rotherham, and when he 
expressed a desire to enter the counting house 
or office of the Globe Works, at Sheffield, his 
parents consented rather as an experiment than 
otherwise. vStrange to say, the comparativelv 
hard work of tlie office proved exceedingly bene- 
ficial to him, and he .soon outgrew the feeble- 



ness of his youth. When only eighteen \ears 
of age he had been in charge for a year of 
several of the most important departments of the 
extensive Globe Works. The proprietors of the 
concern had already established works in Amer- 
ica, and not being satisfied with the results, they 
selected young Mr. Branch as the most suitable 
man to cross the Atlantic and establish their 
American house on a firm footing. The under- 
taking was a serious one for so young a man, 
but Mr. Branch undertook it willingly and with 
a determination to succeed. Unfortunately, 
however, the co-operation from the heads of the 
departments was not forthcoming. They were, 
for the most part, several years older than the 
\oung manager, and after two years Mr. Branch 
found it impossible to secure their assistance in 
the work he had mapped out, and he accord- 
ingly resigned, nuich to the regret of his princi- 
pals in England. 

^Ir. Branch, Sr., advised his son to take ad- 
vantage of his opportunit\- and travel over the 
continent. Accordingly, in 1S48, he traveled 
through Mexico, a serious undertaking at that 
time. The country was in a condition border- 
ing on anarchy, but young Mr. Branch, at this 
time twenty-two years of age, organized a party 
of sixteen and rode on horseback from Vera 
Cruz to Mazatlan on the Pacific Coa.st. In 184;t 
he went to San Francisco and visited the newh - 
opened mines, and later in the same year he 
commenced the return journey eastward, but 
only got as far as St. Louis. It did not take a 
young man of his discernment long to see what 
a splendid opening there was for business in 
St. Louis, and he purchased on favorable terms 
the St. Louis Saw Works from Messrs. Childs, 
Pratt & Company, who had recently introduced 
the business into this city. 

Mr. Branch traveled for three or four years 
more, but in 18,');] finally settled in this cit>-, 
and for the last forty years he has been one of 
its best respected citizens. He organized the 
firm of Branch, Crookes & Frost, and on Mr. 
F'rost's retirement in 1857, the name of the firm 
was changed to Branch, Crookes & Company, 
Mr. Branch's partner being his brother-in-law, 



lUOCR. IPiriCAI. APPENIUX. 



Mr. Joseph Crookes. In 1S72 Mr. IJranch i)ur- 
cliased the interest of his partner and Ijecanie 
sole proprietor, though he did not make any 
change in the firm name. In l^*<S()the business 
was incorporated under the name of the Branch- 
Crookes Saw Company, with Mr. I^ranch as 
president. 

Durincr the forty \ears of Mr. Branch's active 
connection with the concern, it has steadily in- 
creased in importance. The excellence of the 
output has won for it an excellent reputation 
throughout the entire country, and to-day it 
stands unexcelled and barely equalled by any 
other house in the United States. Although 
Mr. Branch has devoted the best years of his 
life to the development of the firm, he has not 
been allowed to escape public dut>-. He has 
filled the position of president of the Illinois &: 
St. Louis Railroad and of the Madison County 
Ferry Company with great ability, and his efforts 
on behalf of the Mechanics' Bank helped ma- 
terially to build up that enterprise. 

He has always been anxious to assist people 
in distress, and as president of the St. George's 
Society he has assisted hundreds of deserving 
immigrants. He has taken a great interest in 
St. Luke's Hospital, and his gifts have been 
exceedingly numerous and costly. He has also 
done a large amount of active work in the 
Knights of Honor Society, which was not in a 
\ery flourishing condition in Missouri when he 
was made chief officer for the State. Under his 
management he speedily established it on a very 
firm footing, and its financial stability to-day is 
largely the result of his effort. 

He is also intimately connected with the Le- 
gion of Honor. Mr. Branch is an Episcopalian, 
with a leaning towards the Broad church. He 
is a practical Christian, and when senior war- 
den of St. (George's Church has kept his check- 
book constantly at the disposal of that institu- 
tion. At one time in the history of St. (ieorge's 
Church it was in debt to the extent of $(;o,()()0, 
when Mr. Branch and Mr. Edwin Harrison set 
to work to get rid of this incumbrance, these 
two gentlemen alone contributing more than 
half the sum. He has also contributed verv 



liea\il\' to the exchequer of drace Church. 

Mr. Branch is independent in politics. Dur- 
ing the war he supported the Union cause, but 
was not so bitter as his fellow Unionists, and 
favored the settlement of the dispute without 
recourse to further fighting. His charity towards 
the Confederate sufferers was marked, and 
although by no means a trimmer, Mr. Branch's 
manly conduct won him the respect and lo\'e of 
both sides in the civil war. 

He married in 1857 Miss Annie Clark, 
daughter of :\Ir. Matthew Clark, a wealthy 
farmer of Cusworth, Yorkshire, England. The 
young people were brought up in the same 
neighborhood, and when he came to America, 
correspondence was continued between the two 
with a result of marriage which has proved of 
the happiest character. ]\Irs. Branch is her 
husband's lieutenant in all works of charitv, 
a:ld she has educated her thi'ee sons and four 
daughters in a very able and hearty manner. 
The oldest son, IVIr. Joseph Clark Branch, is 
secretary of the Branch-Crookes Saw Companv, 
and resides at 39;");") Sherman place. A younger 
son, Richard C, is also connected with the 
company. 

Ej)Kxkorx, William, president of the Con- 
solidated Steel and Wire Company, has the 
satisfaction of knowing that the position he now 
occupies as one of the most prominent members 
of the manufacturing community of St. Louis is 
entirely the result of his unaided exertions. He 
is the son of Jacob and Antoinette (Hessmer) 
Edenborn, both natives of Germany, and he was 
born in W^estphalia, on March 20, 1848. His 
parents placed him in a private school near his 
home. Here he remained until he was twelve 
years of age, when they both died, and he found 
himself when a mere school-boy dejxiulent iqion 
his own exertions for a livelihood, as well as for 
means for completing his education. Much too 
independent to solicit assistance from relatives 
or friends, he looked around and found a position 
in a wire factory, where he remained until 
eighteen years of age. 

He then came to America, arriving in Pitts- 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



hiiigli just at the close of the war. His intimate 
acquaintance with the details of wire-work en- 
abled him to find a position in a wire factory in 
that cit\- without difficulty, and he remained in 
it for two years. Then, impressed with the 
growing importance of the West, he came to 
St. Louis, in which city he has made his home 
for a little over a quarter of a century. His 
first position here was with the St. Louis Stamp- 
ing Companx-, but he was all the time impressed 
with the need of a wire mill in St. Louis, and 
about the year 1X()9 he started a mill of that 
kind with Mr. F. AL Ludlow. In this mill he 
drew the first piece of wire ever made in the 
West. 

Recognizing the necessity of a sound business 
training before attempting to go into business 
himself, he took a course of study at Jones" 
Commercial College, and having done that, 
secured a position in an humble capacity with 
the Ludlow-Saylor Wire Company. He was 
entirely too useful a man to be kept long at 
manual labor and he was speedily promoted to 
the position of salesman in which he displaced 
marked ability and every attribute for success. 

His next advancement consisted in becoming 
a partner in the firm which Mr. O. P. Saylor 
and he established for the purpose of producing 
wire. The outlook was brilliant in the extreme, 
but misfortune interfered with Mr. Edenborn's 
plans, for within sixty days the mill was burned 
down and a total loss incurred. During the 
next \ear Mr. Kdenboru made wire loops for 
a beer bottling and soda water manufactory; but 
he did not abandon the idea of placing a wire 
mill on a successful basis in this city, and asso- 
ciating himself with Messrs. O. P. Saylor and 
D. C. Wright, he established the St. Louis Wire 
Mills. Two and a half years later he bought 
out his partners, and associating himself with 
Mr. T. W. iMtch, he constructed the mill now 
standing on Twenty-first and Papin streets, 
extending clear through to Gratiot. 

The greatest possible success attended the 
operations of this enterprise, which, in iss^, 
was incorporated as the St. Louis Wire Mill 
Company. In LS^^o Mr. Edenborn started the 



liraddock Wire Company, of Pittsburgh, and 
acquired an interest in the Iowa Barbed Wire 
Company, of Allentown, Pennsylvania, and 
New York City. The company also acquired 
the Lambert & Bishop Wire Fence Company, 
of Joliet, Illinois, and the Baker Wire-Com- 
jiany, of Chicago and Lockport, Illinois. It 
thus had a consolidated business, consisting of 
five establishments, founded in 18 (ill, IST.S and 
1884, and when in 1892 the company was re- 
organized and incorporated under the name of 
the Consolidated Steel Wire Company, with a 
paid capital of $4,000,0()(), it had a capacity of 
.")()(),()()() tons a year. 

The officers of the companx' are William 
Fxlenhorn, president; ^Ir. John Lambert, vice- 
president; Mr. Alfred Clifford, treasurer; Mr. 
V. E. Patterson, secretary; and Mr. J.W. (iates, 
general manager. The company makes a spe- 
cialt\- of wire rods, plain wire, barbed wire and 
wire nails, and also of the "Baker Perfect" 
barbed wire, for which there is a never-failing 
demand. Its operations are so extensive that 
it keeps resident managers in charge of offices 
in Chicago, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, New Orleans, 
New York City and San Francisco, and its rep- 
utation is so high that it is always called upon 
in an emergency when large orders ha\e to be 
executed without delay. 

Mr. Edenborn has shown great inventive 
genius, having secured more than tweh'e val- 
uable patents on wire- working machinery which 
are now in general use in both this country and 
Europe. In addition to his wire-working con- 
nection, Mr. FMenborn is president of the South- 
ern Land and Mining Company, as well as a di- 
rector in the St. Louis Iron and Machine Works 
and the Superior Press Brick Com])any. He 
also owns a large quantity of undeveloped coal 
and farming land in the Missouri Valley, South- 
ern Missouri and Arkansas, and he has also 
made very extensive experiments in fruit farm- 
ing, having now over two hundred acres planted 
with pecans, with a view to determining the 
])ossibilities of profitable pecan culture. 

Mr. Edenborn married in October, 187."), Miss 
.Sarah Drain, of .St. Louis. .Mr. and Mrs. Eden- 





^->5^ 



nrocRAPirrcAr. .ippend/x. 



^M(k• 



oth 


(lauj^litcrs, ai 


1(1 


'leo-; 


111 1 


t'sidence 


at 


\\^\\ 


qui 


e a fanii 


Iv 


lein 


^er . 


f the Mer- 


ch 


bs, 


is well 


as 


ii;e. 


H 


> is not 


a 



born iKue Iwi 
the fan 
2(117 Park a\enue. 
mail, Mr. Ivlenborii i 
cantile, Uni(.)ii and J 
of the Merchants' V. 
seeker after notorietw 
lician. 



TuoMi'Sox, GHORdi'; Howard, was born F'eb- 
niarv .">, USd-^i, at Memphis, Tennessee, under 
the shot -scar red 



walls of Fort Pick- 
ering. He came to 
St. Louis with his 
family in 1S71. His 
mother's maiden 
name was Lnc\- Au- 
gusta Jennison, and 



lath 



age 
•ioht 



Thomixson, 
world-wide 
tion as a ju 



GEORl 



reputa- 
•ist and 
as a profound writer 
on law, being the 
author of numerous 
books wliicli are rec- 
ognized everywhere 
as authorities. 

The Doctor was 
educated in the pub- 
lic schools of St. 
Louis, the Upper 
Iowa University and 

the Missouri State University. He determined 
to adopt medicine as a profession instead of fol- 
lowing in the footsteps of his father, "because," 
as he sa\s, " I iie\-er expected to ecpial him in 
the law, and wished to avoid all contrast with 
him." He, therefore, took his degree as ^LD. 
from the ?kIi.ssouri Medical College, went to 
New York and graduated at Bellevue Hospital 
College, and in bSS!) traveled to ICurope and 
studied in the hospitals and colleges of Jena, 
Leipzig, Berlin and Dresden. 

He reached home again in November, l.S'.M, 




the jiossessor of a scholastic equijiment second 
to that of no young physician in St. Louis. 
Soon after his return he accejited the chair of 
materia medica and therapeutics in the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons, and in February, 
l'S94, he was made secretary of the faculty 
and board of trustees of the college. Dr. Thomp- 
son is a member of the St. Louis Medical So- 
ciety and an officer of the Knights of Pythias. 

hi jiolitics he is a Republican, although he is 
too deeply interested in medicine to give polit- 
ical affairs practical 
attention. While 
attending college at 
Leijjzig, Germany, 
lu- met Miss Pauline 
Adelaide (iebliard, 
the descendant of a 
very old and distin- 
guished family of 
the fatherland. The 
meeting ended in 
mutual love, and 
when the }oungmaii 
left (Termain- he car- 
ried the lady's prom- 
ise to be his wife. 
The wedding took 
place April 20, 1892, 
at the residence of 
the bride's brother, 
in lirouklvn. New 
York. One child has 
been born to them. 
Dr. Thompson is 
a scholar and a gentleman, and his prospects 
to attain a success in medicine equal to that of 
his father in law are very promising. 



),MPSON. 



\Vi;iixKK, Cu. 


VKI.I-.S K 


.'r Coal Comp 


mv, ha 


lely raised himself to 


id moderate wc 


alth in 


lopted as his h 


line. I 


., 1S4S, in the 


town o 



bv h 



sident of tlie Weli- 
own efforts 
a i)osition of infiueuce 
the cit\- which he has 
le was l>orn No\-ember 
f W-rdeii, Kingdom of 



lanover, Germany. His n 
narriage was Dorothea L< 



name Dei 



^■fore 
jberring, while his 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



father, Henry Weliner, was a man of standiuj^ 
in his native hind, being during the youth of 
Charles a quartermaster in the Prussian arui\-. 
This office he resigned in 1855 and was imme- 
diately promoted to the position of engineer of 
construction. This was a very high and respon- 
sible position, and in this capacity Henry Weh- 
ner built the I^oehne-Rhein railroad, which from 
a military point of view is one of the uiost im- 
portant roads of German)-. 

When six )-ears of age Charles went to a school 
which was located in the town of Buende, West- 
phalia, Prussia. At twelve he entered an acad- 
euiy, where he pursued his studies for two years, 
being farther ad\-anced at the end of that time 
than are many American boys who have spent 
three years in college. 

His education thus completed, he returned to 
his old home at \'erden to look about him for a 
means of earning his own living. The only 
chance that offered was in connection with the 
large dry goods house of C. R. Wendte, to whom 
his parents finally apprenticed him. Boys now- 
adays, who are compelled to work for nominal 
wages while learning a trade, consider their lot 
a peculiarly hard one, but if they had to serve 
as did young Wehner, they would have real 
cause for complaint. .\u iron-clad bond was 
entered into which bound the apprentice to ev- 
erything and the employer to very little. I'uder 
this agreement the apprentice had to work for 
the firm for a term of five years. Not only was 
he to serve for this length of time, but he \yas 
to receive no remuneration whatever, and instead 
was to pay the finu $50 in gold each \ear for 
the full term of five \ears. 

r3uring his apprenticeship he was compelled 
to work thirteen hours a day every day in the 
week, including Sunday, excepting every fourth 
Sunday, on which his employers, by a stretch of 
magnanimity, allowed him a half holiday. To 
work like this and then pay for the privilege of 
so doing, would discourage any boy less stout- 
hearted than young Wehner, but he was natur- 
ally possessed of a mind quick to grasp things, 
and he learned the dry goods business thor- 
ouehh'. 



.\t the end of his term of service, according 
to a local trade regulation, he passed a rigid 
examination before a board consisting of three 
dry goods merchants and two city officials. 
During his entire term of service, his behavior 
had been such that the firm never had occasion 
to reprimand him, and so satisfactory was his 
examination that the firm remitted one-half of 
his last year's payment and immediately offered 
him a regular engagement. He was at once sent 
out ou the road and continued traveling for six 
months, when, feeling satisfied he had earned a 
rest, he went home on a visit to his parents. 
This was in the latter part of isiii!, at the close 
of the Prusso-Austrian war, his parents at that 
time living at Buende. 

While on this visit to his parents, after talk- 
ing the matter over with them, Mr. Wehner 
decided to do as many of his countrymen before 
him had done — seek his fortune in the New 
World. He resigned his position with the dry 
goods house, the work of preparation was soon 
complete, and on June 8, 18(57, he sailed for 
America on the steamer ^\>z£' York. He arri\ed 
in New York, and after remaining but a few da\s 
left for Cincinnati. Here he also remained a 
short time looking for a position, but as no 
opening offered he came ou to St. Louis, which 
had been the objective point of his journey from 
the start. 

When he first saw St. Louis he was without 
one cent, without a friend or an acquaintance 
and knew not where to turn for assistance. But 
adverse circumstances and misfortune always 
served only to nerve him to greater exertion, and 
as there was no one else on whom he could rely 
he was compelled to take the better course and 
depend on himself. He began a most acli\e 
and energetic search for employment, and soon 
secured a job as a salt packer, which paid fifteen 
dollars per month and board. After about six 
mouths, although he knew little of carpenter 
work, he saw an opportunity to better his con- 
dition, and therefore accepted a position as a 
carpenter in the St. Louis Planing Mill, corner 
of .Mullauphy and Seventh. He was put to 
work on sash and doors, and so well did he ful- 



BIOCKAPHICA L A PPENDIX. 



:wi 



fill liis duties that lie soon was awarded the 
eoutraet fur niakiui^ eoinmon sash, a contract at 
which he worked about a >ear, iiiakiut^ a oood 
lixinj^ and saving some money. 

He was finally induced to lea\-e this work by 
a schoolmate who had come from Ciernuiny and 
who ])ersnaded him to go to Cincinnati. There 
he again manifested his ability and readiness to 
do anv work that offered, and was soon located 
at a ]:>lace called Mazard Hall, tending bar. 
With his eyes always open, in the hope of better- 
ing his condition, he soon afterward secured 
employment with the large dry goods house of 
Alms iS: Doepke, with whom he remained until 
the spring of l.S(i9, when, to his misfortune, he 
was again persuaded to leave a good job, this 
time to go to Chicago. Not finding things as 
he expected, he was unable to get employment 
and soon ran out of money. Realizing that 
something must be done he, with the usual con- 
fidence in himself, engaged as a painter and was 
sent with a boy to finish the interior of a fine 
house as his first jol). Here his versatility- again 
stood him in good stead, for although he had 
never had a paint-brush in his hands, he did 
the work so well that he staid with the boss- 
painter during the entire season. 

He could not remain idle, and after cold 
weather threw liim out of work as a painter 
he tot)k the first thing that offered and tended 
bar until August 1, 1X70, when he and his 
friend, C. A. Ivohmanu, who is now the well- 
known nnisic dealer of this city, determined to 
come to St. L,ouis. The tramped the entire 
distance, reaching this city August 12th. Mr. 
Wehner was too forceful and energetic to ever 
remain long without work, and it was not many 
da\s before he secured a job as box-maker at the 
factory of Henry (kuiss, where he remained one 
year. His next chance of employment took him 
to dry goods again, as he had secured the posi- 
tion of salesman with the firm of Trorlicht & 
Dunkner, with whom he remained five years, 
finally leaving the liouse in LSTii to go into the 
coal business as agent for the ()' Fallon Coal 
Cnmpanv. 

In 1.S77, joining a partnership with J. S. 



Morris and Henr\- (ierke, they leased a mine at 
Leljanon, Illinois, which they oi)erated until 
\^1\\ when Mr. Wehner withdrew to become 
the agent of the Mt. Olive Coal Company, occu- 
pying the position for five years. His next step 
was to purchase an interest in the business, 
which he held until the company sold out to the 
Ellsworth Coal Company in March, 1884. He 
acted as the solicitor of the new company until 
March 1, 188(i, when he went into business for 
himself, under the firm name of Charles E. 
Wehner & Company, conducting this business 
very prosperously until 1889, when he in com- 
pany with the old members of the Mt. Olive 
Coal Company associated themselves under tiie 
name of the Mt. Olive & St. Louis Coal Com- 
pany. Later the company was reorganized as 
the Wehner Coal Company, Mr. W'ehner own- 
ing the controlling interest. 

In religious belief ^Ir. Wehner is a Catholic, 
and is a member of St. Liborins Church. He 
has taken a deep interest in religions and social 
societies for se\-eral years; he is at present a 
member of the Order of Catholic Knights of 
America, and has held the position of trustee of 
the State Council of that body. He is also the 
founder and now president of the St. Lil)orius 
Maenner-Chor. 

In politics he is a staunch Democrat, and 
although he is nowi.se a partisan politician, his 
friends have frequently insisted on him entering 
local politics in an official capacity. In LS'S7 he 
was one of Mayor Noonan's most ardent sup- 
porters, and was a delegate to the convention 
which nominated him. In 18511 Mr. Wehner 
was prevailed upon to run for the Council. He 
made the race and received the second highest 
vote of anv man on the Democratic ticket made 
bv the convention. He was elected, by a vote 
of lli,;!!t7,over hisOcrmau Republican opponent, 
who received 12,0.')-i. His worth was recog- 
nized by the president of the Council, who 
appointed him to a number of important com- 
mittees. As chairman of the committee of rail- 
roads he did valuable work for the city. 

On November 22, 1871, Mr. Wehner was mar- 
ried to Mi.ss Wilhelmina Boedeker, of this city. 



382 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



WiiiTTK.MOKK, Robert Blackweli., is an- 
other of the proininent and enterprising business 
men who have made a marked impress on the 
growth of St. Ivouis. A man of great energy 
and of a cool, clear-sighted judgment, he is 
regarded everywhere in the business world as a 
man of cajnicitv who would succeed in whatever 
position he might be placed. His father was 
Homer Whitteniore, and his mother, before her 
marriage was Maria Blackwell, daughter of 
Sanuiel Blackwell, who at one time owned the 
greater part of Astoria, New York, and for 
which family the celebrated BlackwelPs Island, 
above Xew York City, was named. The father 
was a native of ]\Iassachusetts,and was for many 
vcars engaged in the manufacture of cotton 
cards, and was connected with Amos Whitte- 
more, who was the inventor of the machine. It 
seems that the ideas of his descendants dwell on 
cotton, for the subject of this sketch has been 
for a long time interested in cotton compresses. 

Robert B. Whittemore was l)orn in the town 
of A.storia, New York, July 11, lK2(i. He was 
given good educational opportunities and at- 
tended a private school until he was seventeen 
years of age, when he went into a wholesale 
dry goods store in New York City as a salesman, 
remaining there one year. At the end of the 
year he determined on coming west, and reached 
-St. Louis in January, 1H4."). Here he joined a 
brother, who had come to St. Louis six years 
before, and was at that time running a whole- 
sale hat and cap store, and dealing in furs and 
pelts. Young Whittemore accepted a position 
with this brother, commencing in a stibordinate 
cai)acity, until 184il, in which year he was taken 
into the firm as a partner. 

In 1 •*>."!<) the elder brother was called to Xew 
York, where he remained permanently. The 
entire responsibility and management fell ui)on 
Robert, who despite his youth managed the 
business with the ability of a veteran. At that 
time the business was located at what was then 
known as No. 127 North Main. In 1<S7() the 
business had increased until more room became 
necessary, and the headquarters were changed 
to the corner of Main and Vine streets. 



In bS74 an offer was made that could not be 
refused, and the hat, cap and fur business was 
sold. A man of Air. Whittemore's energy and 
push could not long remain idle, so he immedi- 
ately set to work and organized a company for 
handling and compressing cotton. Messrs. Oli- 
ver and A. B. Ciarrison and John G. Wells were 
his associates in this company, of which Mr. 
Whittemore was made president. He remained 
in this office until the company was consoli- 
dated with the Peper Cotton Press Company, 
under the title of the latter. Of the company 
thus constituted Mr. Whittemore was selected 
secretary, treasurer and general manager. In 
such position he remained, managingthe house's 
business with rare, good judgment, until he sold 
out his interest in the firm in ISSD. 

vSince he left the cotton business he has been 
interested in the Levering Investment Company, 
which belongs to the estate of Lawrason Lever- 
ing, deceased, and was organized by the exec- 
utors of that gentleman's estate for the purpose 
of buving and selling lands, lots and houses and 
doing a general real estate business. Mr. Whitte- 
more is president of this company, and its present 
success is largely due to his able management. 

Mr. Whittemore was one of the organizers and 
incorporators of the Lucas Bank, of which Major 
Turner was president. This bank was after- 
ward merged into the Mechanics' Bank, of which 
he was for several years a director. He was 
also the treasurer of the Mound City Mutual, the 
first building association ever organized in St. 
Louis, and a stockholder and life-member of the 
Mercantile Library, as well as a member of the 
LTniversity Club. 

Mr. Whittemore was married in November, 
1 still, to Miss Kate S. Levering, daughter of 
Lawrason Levering. Their children are, re- 
spectively, Lawrason L., president of the Mis- 
souri Mantel and Decorative Company; R. B., 
Jr. , secretary of the Missouri Iron Roofing and 
Corrugating Company; P'rederick Churchill, 
Louisa, Clinton L., John R., Allan P., Kather- 
ine and Audenried. Frederick C. is a rising 
young insurance nuin of this city. Louisa is 
now married to Mr. Harry Knapp. 



lUiM.h'. l/'/f/CAL APPENDIX. 



Clafl 
lidii 

cit\-, 
he w 
the 
an.l 



a p; 
Win 

tlie 

Kissi 

sti" 



i.i.i'X, CiiAS. Clafi.ix, sou (if Jdliii Arlliur 
JaiR- I':ii/.al)elli (White) Allen, was horn in 
eil\- Jnlv -i.'), l!^'>">. Mis father was a meni- 
i)f the widely-known hoot and shoe house of 
u, Allen & Company. The earlier educa- 
of Mr. Allen was received in the puhlic 
)ls and at Washington University, of this 
and at Princeton University, from which 



as graduated in 1X7.') 
vSt. Louis Law Sclu; 
rccei\ed the degree 
.' began a gen- 
practice of law, 
in l<Sil2 formed 
irtuership with 

I{. Fisse, under 

tirm name of 
'^l^ Allen, which 



He at once entered 

where he studied 

)f LL.P.. in 1.S77. 



continues 



though deeply inter- 
ested in all public 
and political ques- 
tions, his interest 
has that wide and 
liberal scope which 
excludes all self- 
seeking and consid- 
ers questions only in 
the light of the pub- 
lic good. Mr. Allen 
is in no sense a par- 
tisan ])oliticiau; he 
is a lawyer above 
everything else and 
is devoted to his pro- 
fession, but he ne\-ertheless has acknowledged 
the duty which he owes to his fellow-citizens 
and has discharged such responsil)ilities with 
unselfishness and ability. In LSSl he was 
elected to the Thirty-first (General Assembly, 
and during both the regular session of ISSl and 
the extra session of the year following was a 
member of several important committees. He 
is an earnest advocate of purity, decency and 
honesty in the administration of public affairs, 
and as a member of the Civil Service Reform 
Association of Missouri since its organization, 




has done splendid work in the promotion and 
extension of the principles it represents. 

He was for some time the president of the as- 
sociation, and has been for several years a mem- 
ber of the American Academy of Political and 
Social Science. He is also an active member 
of the American Bar Association and a number 
of other organizations of a kindred nature. 
Mr. Allen is a student, a gentleman of literary 
tastes and scholarly attainments. 

On March i'7, l.S!i(), he married Miss Carrie 
Louise Richards, of 
St. Louis. 

Among the not- 
able achievements of 
Mr. Allen as a legis- 
lator may be men- 
tioned the prepara- 
tion of the original 
draft of the corru])t 
]) radices act, de- 
signed to pre\-ent 
bril)ery and corrup- 
tion in elections. 
This measure, in an 
enlarged form, was 
submitted to the Alis- 
sciuri Legislature by 
the Cix'il vSer\-ice Re- 
form Association, 
and became a law 
last \ear. He was 
also acti\-e in secur- 
ing the i^assage of 
that law, as well as 
allot Law, and other 



CI.AFI.IN ALLEN. 



use 



Missouri .\ustra 
ul legislation. 



Kaimic, Jamhs I'jiwix, the well-known real 
estate man of this city, and the seuim- member 
of the firm of J. V.. & D. F. Kaime, was born in 
Chichester, New Hampshire, June ;L IS-JS. He 
is the son of Benjamin and Sally ( Watson ) 
Kaime, and comes from very old families on 
both sides of the house — families that helped to 
make the history of New England, their ances- 
tors liaving come to America in the seventeenth 



3S4 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



centurv, and being among tlie earliest colonists 
who settled this country. 

James was given a good education at the High 
Schools at Pittsfield and Gilmington, New Hamj?- 
shire. As he intended to fit himself as a teacher, 
he finished his education by taking a year's course 
at the Normal School of Bridgewater, Massa- 
chusetts. Part of his education was also obtained 
from a pri\-ate tutor — Rev. Wells — at Pittsfield. 
After his education had been completed he pro- 
cured a position as teacher in the academy at 
Effingham, New Hampshire, next going to take 
charge of a school at Springfield, Massachusetts, 
this being about 1852, following his engage- 
ment here by a six months' term as teacher of 
the (xrauunar .School at Greenfield, New Hamp- 
shire. 

At the end of this engagement he followed 
the great tide of young men setting westward, 
and was borne along by it until he reached 
Providence, a small town in Illinois, where he 
secured charge of a school and again assumed 
the duties of the profession of the teacher, being 
made the principal of the Providence Academy. 
During the three years he directed its affairs he 
brought the academy to a high state of efficiency, 
and demonstrated his thorough ability as a 
teacher. The trustees of the school would have 
been pleased to continue him in his position, 
but his shrewd and well-balanced judgment led 
him to the conclusion that at that time the 
" Future Great " certainly contained all the ele- 
ments of greatness, and was filled with opportu- 
nities for the yoixng and ambitious, and he 
resigned his chair of instruction and came to 
St. Louis in July, IS.');^. 

Shortly after his arrival, the school board 
needed an assistant to Prof. J. I). I^ow, prin- 
cipal of the High School, and so high did Mr. 
Kaime's examination show him to stand in the 
science of pedagogics that he was the successful 
api^licant of a list of thirty-three. This appoint- 
ment was the beginning of a seven years' term 
of service in tliis school, during part of which 
time he was instructor in mathematics, and for 



one vear 



e princi]i 



.f tl 



Becoming interested in the lumber business, he 



left the school to go to Ironton, Missouri, in 
which place, however, he remained only six 
months, and for a year following his departure 
from Ironton, traveled with his wife and child 
throughout New England, visiting relatives and 
friends in his native State as well as in Illinois. 

Eighteen hundred and sixty found the family- 
back home in St. Louis, and that year marked 
Mr. Kaime's introduction to the real estate busi- 
ness. A partnership was formed with Wm. H. 
Merritt, and an office was opened at Third and 
Pine. Two months after the partnership was 
formed Mr. Kaime bought out Mr. Merritt's 
interest, and ran the business alone until late in 
the succeeding fall, when a partnership was 
formed with W. J. Webl), under the firm style 
of Webb X: Kaime. On January f, ISIil, the 
headquarters of the firm were removed from 
Pine and Third to W^ashington avenue between 
Third and Fourth, remaining there until the 
building of the bridge approach made another 
removal necessary. In 18()5 Mr. Webb sold his 
interest in the business to D. F'. Kaime, the 
vounger lirother of Jas. E., who had come to 
St. Louis from New Hampshire in l.s.')7, the 
firm becoming J. E. Kaime & Brother. Under 
such an arrangement the firm continued until 
Jul\- 1, L'^iii, when E. F. Kaime, son of the 
subject of this sketch was taken into partnership 
and the style changed to J. E. Kaime & Com- 
pany. The firm is one of the oldest and most 
substantial real estate organizations in the city, 
and its high standing is so generally known 
that nothing further need be said on that point. 

Mr. Kaime is a devout and prominent church- 
man, being one of the most liberal members of 
the Pilgrim Congregational Church, one of the 
largest and most influential religious bodies in the 
cit\ . He wasoneof the organizers of this church, 
and he, together with A. M. Edgell, purchased 
the lots on which the building now stands and 
donated them. He also gave in cash for the 
construction of the church, and has been one of 
its ni(_)st liljeral contributors e\-er since. He is 
likewise a member of both the St. Louis and 
Mercantile cluljs. 

\\'hile \et a struggling school-teacher in New 




o:?^ 




n/ocN. I r///c. I/. .1 pp/uVD/x. 






A p 
ontli 



Eii,s;land, ^Ir. Kaiiiie fell in love with and mar- 
ried Miss Laura L. Sherburne, of Chichesler; 
tile weddint;; occurred May :^">, \>>'^'l. Miss 
.Sherhurne was the daughter of Squire Sher- 
liurnc. The marriage was a most fortunate one, 
the wife pro\-ing a genuine helpmate to her 
husband, until her death, on December ■>■>, 
l.s.s:.^ 

I'.ROKAW, AUGUSTI'S \' 

cian of St. Louis, who, c 
already made a name 
for himself which 
many medical men 
of the most mature 
prt)fessional experi- 
ence might well 
en\-y, and who gives 
e\-erv indication of 

ing his future 
complete suc- 

i s h e whose 
name heads this ar- 
ticle. Dr. I'.rokaw 
was born at the St. 
Louis City Hospital, 
(if wliich his father 
was then superin- 
tendent, April (i. 



surgeon, and a unml)er ol daring ai 
but successful, operatiinis lia\-e gi 
tioii of talent of a superior order. Hi 
met with recognition, and he is now 



1 difficult, 

en iiidica- 

iiierit has 

surgeon of 



crow I 



cess 



the Polvtecl 



ist;;;. His educa- 
tional training was 
receixed in the pri- 
mary schools of the 
city and s u j) p 1 e - 
men ted 1)\- the 
courses of instruction offered 
and High .School. 

He had early determined to adopt tin 
sidu ill which his father was such a 
light, and, therefore, after the necessar; 
sional schooling, he made his entry in the field 
of medical practice in 188(5. He began prac- 
tice as a regular physician, but soon turned his 
attention to the surgical branch of practice, and 
it is in that department he won his subsequent 
successes. Marked skill, confidence and pro- 
gressivencss have characterized his work as a 




shining 
■ profes- 



St. John's Hospital and consulting surgeon to 
the City and French hcspitals. 

As a lecturer he has shown an understanding 
of his sul.ijects which makes his services most 
valuable to colleges, and at the present time he 
is the professor of anatomy in the Missouri Med- 
ical College, as well as demonstrator of anatomy 
and operative sur- 
ger>- at the same in- 
stitution. He is a 
ill ember of the Amer- 
ican Medical Asso- 
ciation, tlie.St. Louis 
.Medical Society, the 
.Southern Surgical 
and Gynsecological 
Society and the Med- 
ico-Chirurgical So- 
ciety. 

f)r. Urokaw was 
married October Id, 
isss, to Mi.ss Julia 
I'eiiii Crawford, of 
Alabama. 

Although only 
thirt\'-oiie years of 
age. Dr. Brokaw has 
gained an excellent 
reputation which is 
cxteiisi\e in the ex- 
treme. 
,io\i), was born in County Tip- 
May 2;'), 1<S-2!I, where his father 
He attended a local private 
ith \-ear, when he went to 
farm, where he remained 



Ci.K. 
perary 



RV, Rhi. 
Ireland, 
was a farmer, 
school until his fifteci 
work on his father's 
until he was twenty. 

Ill 1850 he came to America and at once set- 
tled in St. Louis, where his brother-in-law, P. 
Ryan, resided. For a year he drove a team for 
Mr. Rvau, who was contractor on Manchester 
road, and he next secured a position under John 
J. Auder.son, of Carondelet, for whom he worked 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



until I'S.M, taking care of his horses and doing 
other work around the place. 

For the next eleven years he was engaged in 
the retail grocery and feed business. In the 
year 18(i;), he, having saved considerable money, 
organized the firm of Cleary & Taylor, commis- 
sion merchants, with headquarters at 21) South 
Commercial street. In 1875 a branch estab- 
lishment was opened in Chicago, :Mr. Taylor 
going to that city to take charge of it, and two 
years later the firm dissolved partnership, Mr. 
Cleary retaining the St. Louis connection. 

In 1H8S he incorporated his btxsiness under 
the name of Redmond Cleary Commission Com- 
pany, with a paid-up capital of $200, OOO. The 
house does a very large and exceedingly sound 
business, with R. Cleary at the head of it, hav- 
ing forced his way to the front from a very 
humble commencement. 

Stoddart, Thomas A., was born in Pliila- 
delphia, Pennsyh'ania, September 10, IS:^;), 
and was educated in his nati\-e city. In l'S4'.> 
he became acquainted with Mr. Charles A. 
Perry, then one of the leading merchants of 
Northwest Missouri, living at Weston, Platte 
county. That gentleman described in such 
glowing colors the opportunities and advantages 
which awaited an active and ambitious 3-oung 
man in the West, that on his return to his west- 
ern home he was accompanied by young Stod- 
dart, to whom he offered a position in his estab- 
lishment, then doing business under the name 
of Perry & Young. He remained with the firm 
until 1851, and then went to Salt Lake City. 
From there he returned to Philadelphia, and 
then drifted back to Weston, where he again 
engaged in business. 

Mr. Stoddart was married at Glasgow, ;\Iis- 
souri, September in, 1S5(;, to :\Irs. Anna Dickey, 
)icc i\IcCoy. 

His business engagements at Weston ha\-ing 
terminated about this time he came to St. 
Louis, and through the kind offices and influ- 
ence of Mr. Charles A. Perry, who was at that 
time a member of the Legislature, J\lr. Stoddart 
was elected book-keeper of the old Southern 



Bank of St. Louis, which had been chartered 
under the general banking law of Missouri en- 
acted in 1855. The bank opened for business 
June 17, 1857, and was continued until December, 
1863, when it was converted into the Third Na- 
tional Bank of St. Louis under the national 
banking act of 18(i2. It was one of the first 
national banks organized, receiving its certifi- 
cate December 25, 18«3. In March, 18(14, .Mr. 
Stoddart was elected cashier, and has continued 
to fill that position ever since. 

He is a financier of marked ability, and a 
sound, conservative man. 

Peckham, Osgood Hazzarh, who is so 
closely identified with the manufacturing inter- 
ests of St. Louis, and whose efforts more than 
those of any one man have contributed to the 
upbuilding of the candy-making industry, 
claims Ne\v York as his native State, having 
been born in Oneida county, September 9, 1844. 
Hence he is now nearly fifty years of age, though 
his appearance would lead the observer to the 
l>elief that he lacked a dozen years of the half 
century mark. He spent his youth at home, 
attending the public schools of Oneida county 
until eighteen years of age, when in common 
with many other youths of that time, he acted 
on the advice of Horace Greeley and migrated to 
Davenport, Iowa, then as now, a town of con- 
siderable prominence. 

He began his study of the experiences of 
actual life behind the counter of a Davenport 
hotel, where he obtained a situation as clerk, a 
place that offered excellent facilities to study 
human nature, a study from which he has since 
derived great benefit. A wider field in which to 
continue this lesson was to be found in the 
position he accepted a year later as traveling 
salesman for the wholesale grocery hotise of 
H. B. Evans & Company, of Davenport. Al- 
though he was without technical experience he 
proved his ability as a salesman at once; but he 
was ambitious and always watching for a chance 
to better his condition, and after two years of 
traveling he resigned and moved to Chicago 
where he accepted employment as a traveling 



r,n h;r.\phica[. append/x. 



MS 7 



salesniau for Day, Allen (S: Company. With 
tliis firm he remained tliree years, extending his 
acqnaintance and l)ecomin<; more vahiable each 
\ ear to tlie honse, which accepted his resigna- 
tion with rehictance when he presented it in 
order to accept an offer of Farrington, Brewster 
& Company, who had made liim a most advan- 
tageous proposition. 

He was a man of too much spirit and ambition 
to l)e satisfied in the position of an employe, and 
after two year's traveling for Farrington, Brews- 
ter & Company, he 
turned in his samplc 
cases and in \>>l-> 
came to St. Louis 
for the purpose of 
entering business on 
his own account. As 
the candy business 
was in its infancy, 
he shrewdly foresaw 
that it offered great 
promise of expan- 
sion. By years of 
economy he had 
saved some money, 
but it was only in a 
small way that he 
established himself 
at the corner of \'ine 
and Second streets 
as a wholesale cand\- 
dealer. 

.\t first business 
was done under the 

firm name of O. H. Peckham & Company, which 
was sul)sequeutl\- changed to Dunham, Peck- 
ham & Company. Within a year after this 
change Mr. Peckham sold out his interest to the 
Dunham ^Manufacturing Companx , and re-estab- 
lished himself in business at Xo. 7011 Xorth 
Second street, under the old .style of O. H. Peck- 
ham X: Company. Two years afterward he 
moved to the corner of Second street and Christy 
a\eune, but a year later his plant was consumed 
by the fire which destroyed the building and 
goods of the (ireeley-Buruham Ciroccr Compau)-. 




O. H. PECKHAM. 



His next step was to purchase the plant and 
good-will of the Dunham .Manufacturing Com- 
pany, the business of which he conducted until 
ISSK), when fire for the second time laid his plant 
in ruins. He was not discouraged, and it was 
only a short time until with new and improved 
nuichinery and a largely increased capacity he 
was established in the Eads Building at the cor- 
nor of Se^■euth and Spruce streets, a structure 
that was erected especially for him and is the 
largest and most perfect building devoted to the 
business of cand}'- 
making in the 
United States. The 
firm occupies the 
entire six floors and 
devotes its attention 
■ exclusively to the 
manufacture of cou- 
fectionery. The 
finest equipment and 
the newest and most 
impro\-ed machinery 
have enabled it to 
approximate perfec- 
tion in its special 
line and has pro- 
moted the growth of 
the business until 
to-day the house 
sells to se\'ent\--five 
per cent of the 
candy jobbers of the 
Ignited States, who 
constitute their en- 
tire list of patrons and supporters. 

That the house has thus reached such magnifi- 
cent results is due almost entirely to the talent 
of Mr. Peckham. He is untiring in his indus- 
tr\-, of indomitable courage and with progress- 
ive and original ideas, which applied to the 
manufacture of confectionery has made his 
business what it is. In bSSH the business had 
increased to that volume where incorporation 
was deemed expedient. The O. H. Peckham 
Candy Manufact(.)ry Com])any was the title 
assumed, while Mr. Peckham was elected presi- 



?,s.s 



OLD AXn NEIV ST. LOr/S. 



(lent, an office he has since held. Hisstandino- 
in the trade was shown by his unanimous elec- 
tion to the presidency of the National Confec- 
tioners' Association at the annual meetino; of 
that body in 1891 in St. Louis. 

Mr. Peckhani, aside from his manufacturing 
interests, is one of the most \'aluable citizens of 
St. Louis, being prominently identified with 
and a promoter of every scheme tending to con- 
tribute to the welfare of the city. He is a man 
of liberal ideas and a believer in progress, and is 
an active member of the Merchants' Exchange. 
His name is also on the mem1)ers' book of the 
Mercantile Club. 

He has been married twice, the first time to 
Miss Fannie .Sherwood, of Utica, New York, 
October, bSTd, and who died in I.SS!^!. To this 
marriage four children were born, only two of 
which, Frank E. and Mary F., are now li\ing. 
His second wife, Mrs. Susie H. Clark, to whom 
he was married in March, l-siH, was also a New 
York lady, a native of Syracuse. 

SCHOTTKX, HuBKRTUS, the present senior 
partner of the old firm of Wm. Schotten & 
Company, has been conspicuously identified 
with the commercial growth of St. Louis for 
over twenty years. 

]\Ir. Schotten was born in St. IvOnis, AIa\- :^8, 
bS.")5, and was the eldest son of the late William 
Schotten. His father was a native of (ierman\-, 
who emigrated to America in the early forties, 
settling at St. Louis. After receiving the usual 
primary instructions in the preparatory schools, 
Hubertus entered Saint Joseph's College, near 
Effingham, Illinois. After four years of col- 
legiate studies he quit college and began assist- 
ing his father in his business, showing from the 
.start a remarkable aptitude for commercial pur- 
suits, which soon developed into a practical 
knowledge of business unusual for a bov of his 
years. 

His father was strict and exacting, and the 
bo>- in consequence was well acquainted with 
hard work long before he gained his majoritv. 
When nineteen years old his father died after a 
short illness. Hubertus took his father's death 



\-ery much to heart, his mother having died 
when he was a child. 

The business established by his father in 1.S47, 
on a very small scale, had by this time attained 
large proportions for that line of business, and 
its management was by no means a small affair, 
as it required a knowledge and experience that 
was possessed by but few at that time in the 
territory which was then essentially known as 
the West. It devolved upon young Schotten to 
assume the management of the business. Under 
his guidance a steady progress was made from 
the start. 

In the course of a few }ears it became e\i- 
deut that he possessed not only the ability, but 
an indomitable will that left no room to doubt 
the future success of the old house. Meeting 
with many obstacles and disappointments, even 
from those from whom he might have expected 
encouragement, was a severe enough test to 
have discouraged a much older man than he, 
but in his line of business he became the leader, 
a place he holds to this dav. 

Five years after ha\-ing assumed the mauage- 
uient he was given an interest in the business, 
having only received a salary up to this time. 
The second year after his admittance to the firm 
with a j-ounger brother the interest of his 
father's estate was withdrawn altogether, lea\- 
ing the liusiness in the hands of him and his 
brother, h'rom this time on the jirogress of the 
house became more apparent, and it took rank 
with the foremost in the country. 

William Schotten & Company are looked 
u]5on in the trade as one of the most reliable 
spice firms in this country. St. Louis is fortu- 
nate in the possession of many firms of (.)ld 
standing which have grown \\\> with the cit\-, 
contributed to its advancement, and in turn 
shared prosperity with it. The firm of vSchot- 
ten & Company is conspicuous among these. 

In IN.SO Mr. Schotten married Miss Addie 
Helming, of Milwaukee, daughter of R. H. 
Helming, an old resident of that cit\'. The 
union turned out to be a ha]iiiy one. Mr. and 
Mrs. Hubertus Schotten ha\e only one child, a 
daughter. 




- *' ^ 



nrocR.irHiCAL appenpix. 



;s<) 



Harkkian, LavrkncI':, chief of police of the 
citv of .St. Louis, lias been desionated time and 
a,L;ainbv conipett-nt judges as " the finest police- 
uian in the United States." Certainly, no more 
efficient, sagacious or untiring police officer 
exists. Colonel Harrigan, as a patrolman, a 
detective, a subordinate police official and the 
head of the police department of St. Ivouis for 
niaii\- \eavs, won a renown in liis jirofcssion 
which is worhl-wide. His eminence is undis- 



On tl 



ISi 
madi 



1 of May, l.S(iS, Ser- 
' chief of detecti\-es. 
Septend)er 2t;, ISTd, 
March .s, 1X71, aL-'ain 



he St; 



among those 



of sergeant. 

geant Harri, _ 

He resigned this jiosition 

but returned to the force 

as a sergeant. 

On the 1st of June, 1.S74, he was appointed 
chief of police. He held this office until the 
I'Slh of Xo\ember, IS?;'), when he again re- 
signed. He was made chief again on the fSth 
of January, 1SS4, but resigned his position .Ma\- 
4, ISSfi, to accept an office from President Cleve- 
land, at the expira- 



upon to show a depth 
of tliought, a pene- 
tration and a keen- 
ness of insight which 
are deemed as special 
mental gifts, and 
when developed bv 
shrewd observation 
and perfect knowl- 
edge of human nat- 
ure, are looked upon 
as marvelous facul- 
ties. 

Laurence Harri- 
gan is a nati\'e of 
Ireland, having been 
born in that country 
on June 1."), l.s;;4. 
He c a m e to t h e 
United States when 
li e was fo u rtee n 
\ears of age and re- 
mained in New York 
Cit\' until L'^-'i;>, when he came to St. Louis. 

He went to work at the bench of a shoemaker, 
learned the trade and worked at it until LS;')?, 
when he was ap]M)inted on the jiolice force as a 
]xitrolman. This was on June l.'.th of that 
year. ( )n the liHh of June he was j^romoted to 
the rank of sergeant, a position he held until 
the null of October, IMCi;, when he was made 
lieutcuaiU of jiolice. 

May -'7, isiw, he resigned from the force. 
On the :'.nth (.1 Xovember, liStu, he was again 
l)laced on the force, recei\ing the api)ointment 




\ 



tion o: 


which he was 


reappointed chief of 


]iolice 


May ^(t, LS90. 


This 


)ffice lie still 


holds 


to thesatisfac- 


tion o 


politicians of 


e\ery 


grade. 


He 


was ma rri ed 


June, 


IS.-.C, to Miss 


r.ucy 


Cole, of St. 


r.onis 


and has three 


child 


ren li\-ing, 


Laura 


M. ( wife of 


w. J. 


liaker), Lau- 


rence 


V. and Eliz- 



LAURENCE HARRIOAN 



abetli. His ])arents 
were James H. and 
Elizabeth ( Scanlan ) 
Harrigan. 

Chief Ha rri gan 
has, in the period of 
his police experi- 
ence, figured in many 
of the most notable captures in the criminal 
history of the United States. In every ]iositioii 
that he held he was feared by law-breakers and 
admired by his a.ssociates for his intrepid bravery, 
his iron determination and his tii ' 



Iwavs 



He has known nothing but the dut\ 
before him, and this he has 
with religions zeal. 

In his civil positions he h; 
strong execiiti\'e al)ility as 
As a (leteeli\-e, he was with( 
a chief of department in polic 



activity, 
that lay 
^charged 



^ shown the same 
11 his ])olice life, 
nt a peer, and as 
' circles, has ne\-er 



OLD AND NEW ST. 'LOUIS. 



been equaled. He has always been prominent 
in political life, and a citizen of whom St. Louis 
has always had reason to be proud. 

Oi'P, Frederick, son of John and .Minnie 
(Bushing) Opp, was born at Lawrencetnirg, 
Indiana, 1«55. His parents moved into Durban 
county, Indiana, where he worked on a farm 
until 1870, when he went to Gainesville, Texas, 
remaining in the South about a year. In Sep- 
tember 1871 he came to St. Louis, where he 
.secured employment in the establishment of 
Wood, Kingsland & Company, with whom he 
remained for nine years, doing excellent work . 
and acquiring very valuable experience. In 
1880 he accepted a position with Messrs. Buse 
& Morell, with which firm he was connected 
for three years. 

In October, 1S8.H, Mr. Opp, haviirg saved a 
considerable sum of money and acquired a very 
intimate knowledge of the tobacco business, as- 
sociated himself with Mr. F. Wm. Weinheimer, 
forming the firm of Weinheimer & Ojjp, which 
established itself at No. 20(5 Walnut street as 
wholesale tobacco leaf merchants. Both mem- 
bers of the firm are acti\-e and well resj^ected 
men, and they have now a very large trade in 
the city which is recognized as the finest tobacco 
market in the world. The firm occupies a four- 
story building with a commodious basement, 
ha\ing a floor area of 32x120 feet fully equipped 
with every convenience for the accommodation 
of their extensive stock. Shipments of tobacco 
are constantly being received from Connecticut, 
Wisconsin, New York and Pennsylvania, while 
the firm also handles immense quantities of the 
finest grades of the Havana and Sumatra out- 
put. Mr. Opp visits Cuba every year personally 
in order to secure the finest tobacco raised on 
that island, and this he sells to the manufactur- 
ers of the finest cigars sold in this country. 

The house has regular customers as far south 
as New Orleans, as far north as St. Paul, with 
many as far east as Cincinnati, and even farther 
west than Denver. Both partners are energetic 
and liberal business men, very popular in trade 
circles, and noted throughout the couutr\- for 



their energy, generosity and sterling integrity. 
VlX. Opp is a very busy and active man, but he 
finds time to do good work on behalf of the ]Ma- 
sonic fraternity, of which he is a member, as 
well as a Knight Templar. He is also a prom- 
inent member of the Mercantile Club, and has 
found time to assist in a number of important 
enteri:)rises, including the East End Impro\e- 
ment Association. 

He married, in the year IS.SI, ]iliss Cnisie 
Fernkas and has two children, Harold P). and 
Gusie. 

^lORTOX, TcRXKR B., SOU of FraukHu and 
Lucy (Frame) ^lorton, was born (;)ctoher i'l, 
l>!4;i, at :\Iilton, Illinois. He was educated at 
the common schools, where he remained until 
sixteen years of age, when he accepted a posi- 
tion as clerk in a dry goods store, where he re- 
mained for two 3-ears. Then his employer 
added a grain branch to his establishment, and 
young Mr. Morton acted as clerk and manager 
in the warehouse for eight years. 

In 187.') Mr. Morton came to St. Louis, where 
he clerked for ]\Iessrs. Wright, Rickert ^c Com- 
pany for a year and a half, after which he re- 
turned to Milton and established himself in the 
hotel and confectionery business. He was ap- 
pointed postmaster of the town, and held the 
ofhce to the general satisfaction of the people 
for two years. In 1877 he returned to St. Louis 
and acted as clerk for ^lessrs. W. P. Rickert & 
Company until that firm's retirement from busi- 
ness in 18.S4. 

He then formed a co-partnership with Messrs. 
Alvan L. Messmore and John M. Gannett, form- 
ing the firm of Messmore, Gannett & Company, 
commission merchants. This is now one of the 
largest commission houses in the cit>-, and it 
has connections throughout the entire West and 
South. He is a very prominent member of the 
Merchants' Exchange, and exceedingly popular 
with all his fellow-members. 

Although devoting his time to his business in 
a very conscientious way he is also a very prom- 
inent Odd F'ellow, and is treasurer of the .\rtisan 
Building and Loan Association. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



391 



.Mr. Morton m; 
Jeanette L. .\ller 
fi\-e children — CI 
Tnrner I>., fr. 



rried in Xo\'ei 
, of Millon, II 
uule, Jennie, ] 



I.ST:., .Miss 
. He has 
Lucia and 



Ri 



K, \Vn.i.i.\.M .\i.i-RKi), vice-president of 
tlie Christopher & Simpson .\rchitectnral Iron 
and Fonndry Company, is a native of this city, 
where lie was born June i;!, 1S.'»,S, and here 
he likewise rec 



his education, attendiu'^ 
until fifteen years old, 



tlie puljlic schools 
when he began to 
earn his own living 
by entering the em- 
ploy of William El- 
lison ^: Son, ma- 
chinists, as a clerk 
and book-keeper. 
Remaining but two 
years at this work 
in these shops, he 
then accepted a po- 
sition with the Chris- 
topher & Simpson 
.\rchitectural Iron 
and Foundry Com- 
jiany, with which 
he has Ijeen con- 
nected ever since. 
He soon made his 
employers aware of 
his industry, quick- 
ness and the finished 
manner in which he 
did all his work, and 

was gradually advanced until in 1SS:.\ when 
the firm was incorporated under the present 
st\le, he was liolding a responsible position. .\t 
that time he was made vice-president of the com- 
pany, a position he has occupied ever since. 

He has made it his business to become thor- 
oughly acquainted with the business in which 
he is engaged, with the result that he is consid- 
ered one of the best-posted men in the West on 
architectural iron work. He takes a deep inter- 
est in everything relating to the construction of 
bnildings, and in LS-Sll was president of the 




Mechanics" F^Kchange, now known as the 
Ihiilders' F^xchange. His administration of the 
affairs of this office was accomplished in a most 
successful manner, and is still prominent in the 
coun.sels of the E.xchange. Outside of his con- 
nection with the iron company, Mr. Rutter is 
also secretary of the Glenny Brothers Glass 
Company, of which his father-in-law is presi- 
dent, but during office hours he devotes his 
entire attention to the architectural iron com- 
])any, the trade of which is extensive and the 
responsibilities 
heavy, a large share 
of both devolving on 
the vice-president. 
So entirely does he 
rrnderstand and so 
thoroughly has he 
the business system- 
ized that he has be- 
come a most valua- 
ble man to the com- 
pany, and is respon- 
sible in a full share 
for the company's 
prosperit\'. 

He is very popu- 
lar everywhere and 
especially among 
contractors and 
builders, where his 
trade relations ha\-e 
made him known. 
He is a representa- 
tive and patriotic 
vSt. Fonisan, and an earnest and enthusiastic 
supporter of e\ery means having for its purpose 
the material advancement of St. Louis. Mr. 
Rutter is of English blood, his father, William 
Rutter, being a native of that country, who came 
to America in 1840, settling in St. Louis, where 
he has conducted a livery business ever since. 
His mother's maiden name was Maria Gosnell. 
The subject of this sketch was married October 
2(), ISSO, to Miss Annie Belle Glenny, a St. Louis 
lad\-. They have three children, William A., 
Ralph (;. and John (i. 



-FRED RITTRR. 



392 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Praxgk, Frkdkkicr William, son of Fran- 
cis and Mary Prange, was born in Westphalia, 
Germany, :\Iarcli 31, 1828. He received his 
early edncation in the private schools of his 
native city, and when twenty-one years of age 
came to America. He arrived in New York in 
1849, and came on direct to St. Lonis by the 
canal ronte, and landed in his fnture city and 
home with only five dollars in gold. 

He at once looked around for sonre means of 
earning a livelihood, and obtained a position 
with the late S. R. Bosier as office-boy and 
driver. This position he retained for a few 
months, but then gave it up and commenced to 
learn the carpenter's trade, attending night 
school in the meantime. At the end of three 
years he had become a competent carpenter. 

In the meantime his brother, Casper Henry, 
had arrived from the old country, where he had 
received a thorough training and apprenticeship 
as a cabinent-maker. The brothers went into 
partnership and started business on their own 
account. In li^.")2 they erected a small frame 
building on Kleventh street, between .\nglerodt 
and Destrehan streets, in which they soon 
worked up quite a valuable business; but their 
factory, with a large stock of manufactui'ed fur- 
niture, together with a valuable stock of fine 
lumber, was entirely destroyed by fire in l.s.'iii. 

But Mr. F. W. Prange was not the man to 
be discouraged by this misfortune, so began work 
at once, and while his means were small, his 
credit was great, and he erected a large and com- 
modious brick factory with the latest improved 
machinery and with a large private lumber yard 
connected, which occupies one-half block, giving 
employment to about seventy-five skilled work- 
men. In bSCS the Bremen Savings Bank was 
organized, and Mr. Prange was made a director, 
being one of the principal stockholders, with 
Mr. Marshall Broderton as president. 

In 1878 Mr. I'\ W. Prange was elected presi- 
dent, and when the bank was reincorporated in 
1888 as the Bremen Bank, Mr. Prange was 
re-elected as president, which position he still 
holds. He has contributed much towards 
establishing the bank on the verv firm and sub- 



stantial footing it now enjoys, and it nows 
carries a very large number of very hea\y ac- 
counts for wealthy (xerman-.lmerican business 
and professional men. 

Mr. Prange continued his active management 
in the furniture and cabinet making business 
until the }'ear 1882, when he turned o\er his 
interest to his son, Louis Henry, and his nephew, 
Frank, the latter a son of Mr. C. H. Prange, who 
died in the year 1879, and since then he has 
devoted his entire time and attention to his 
banking business. 

Mr. Prange married in the year 18.');> Miss 
Meier, a native of Westphalia, Germany. He 
ha.s had seven children, of whom two sons and 
one daughter are now living. The three are 
all grown up and are heads of families of their 
own. His eldest son, Henry Louis, is now the 
superintendent of the Prange Furniture Com- 
pany of this city. His second son, John, is a 
farmer near ]\It. Olive, Illinois, and his daughter, 
.\nnie, is the wife of Henry Naber, the well- 
known lumber man. 

LlEDiNGHAUS, Henry, son of Henry and 
Mary Luedinghaus, was born in Westercanpel, 
(lermany, July 11, 18;-};->. 

In 185;'), at the age of t\vent>-two, he embarked 
for .\merica, coming direct to St. Louis; in 
LS.")!! engaged in the wagon business by himself 
until 18().'), and then with his brother-in-law 
under the firm name of Luedinghaus v\: .Vrens- 
man, which ]iartnership continued until the 
death of Mr. Arensman in 18(i8, after which 
he conducted the business in his own name uji 
to IS.Sii, when, upon the formation of the 
Luedinghaus-Espenschied, Manufacturing Com- 
pauv (with Fred. Espenschied, who had suc- 
ceeded to the business of his father), he l)e- 
came president of the company. 

In l.SS!) he purchased Mr. Espen.schied's in- 
terest, and in company of his sons has carried 
it on ever since. He is at present filling the 
positions of both president and treasurer. 

.Mr. Luedinghaus is a man of firm business 
a1)ilily, as is apth- demonstrated in the effi- 
cient manner in which the affairs of the com- 




^j///^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



?,\)?, 



pany have been so invaiial:)ly conducted. 
In May, 1857, he was united in niarriau;e to 
Miss Anna Arensman. They have six children, 
Amelia, Henry, Emma, Julia, William and 
Otto. 

Collins, Robert K. — The prominent .St. 
Louis lawyer, Robert K. Collins, was born at 
the village of Florence, in Pike county, Illinois, 
January 7, 1851, and is the son of Muuroe R. 
and Esther (Baker) Collins. He is thus related 
to the powerful Lin- 
del 1 family, and 
through such de- 
scent inherited real 
estate and other 
wealth which places 
him beyond the ne- 
cessity of following!; 
a jnofession for a 
livelihood; but he is 
actuated by the prin- 
ciple that there is 
work for e\-ery man 
to do and that there 
is none so unfortu- 
nate as the idle, and 
accordingl)- he fol- 
lows the law from a 
trennine love for it, 



tevotion 
been n 
a succes 



which 

•arded 

that 




jiartnership which lastcil Iwn \ears. This was 
followed b)- a i)arlucrslii]) with his old ])re- 
ceptor, Britton .\. Hill. 

After four \ears this was also dissoh-ed and 
the present ])artnership formed with Dorse)' A 
Jamison, which as a legal firm is now the oldest 
in the cit>-. Mr. Collins handles a general legal 
business, but it seems to have been his fortune 
during the last eighteen years to have appeared 
as counsel in a great many important cases. 
One of these in particular, which might be 
mentioned, was the 
case of (ilasgow \-s. 
Baker, which was a 
suit in ejectment 
brought b\ the pub- 
lic sch..nl c.Mumis- 
sioners of St. Louis, 
wlio claimed title to 
f laud 
in the West 
Mr. Collins 
counsel for 
l.S,S4, 



located in 

End. 

became 

defendant 

but the 

been pern 



ase 



the 



1. He 

niit to a 
conclus 



nee 
•sed 



pr 
success- 
ion for 
I d a u t s 



has g r e a 1 1 >■ i n- 
creased the wealth 
of his inheritance. 

While Robert was yet an infant his parents 
reuu)ved to ,St. Jvouis. After he had taken the 
preparatory courses at various schools in this 
city, he was sent to the celebrated Washington 
and Lee University at Lexington, Virginia, and 
graduated in 1872. He immediately determined 
to ;ido]it the law, and on his return to St. Louis 
began his reading in the office of Britton A. 
Hill, afterward finishing at the St. Louis Law 
School. He was given admission to the bar in 
\X'rl, and with James L. Carlisle formed a 



ROBERT E. COLLINS, 



Mr. Collins w; 
Bishop, of I'.altim 



through the Circuit 
Court, the Court of 
.\ppealsand the vSii- 
preme Court of the 
United States. 

luxrried to Miss Ida K. 

?ilar\laud, in \X1'.\. 



bo 



Tkichm.\xx, Chaklh.s H., 
Celle, Hanover, on July i'7, XX'.Vl. His father, 
Friederich Teichmann, was a man honored in 
his native land, and for forty-eight years held 
the responsible position of title inspector in one 
of the high courts of justice in C.ermany. His 
mother's maiden name was Christiana Hole- 
kaiu]). 

He was educated in a private school, taking 



394 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



the collegiate course at the university or gymna- 
siuiii, wliich he left in l''^47 to go to Brunswick, 
where he expected to learn mercantile business. 

At that time the stories of the freedom and 
fortune to be found in America attracted his 
attention, and that with the testimony of friends 
who were here or had been here, clinched his 
determination, and he accordingly severed his 
connection with his emp]o)-ers at Brunswick and 
sailed for America. He first set foot on the 
shore of America at New York, in August l<s4ii. 

When he arrived he had little worldly wealth, 
but was full of youth, hope and ambition, and 
immediately set about the search for employ- 
ment, which he soon found in a mercantile 
establishment, keeping the books, doing office 
work, etc. He held this position about two 
years, when he again concluded to move west- 
ward. He was engaged as book-keeper by 
Louis Speck, who was at that time in the whole- 
sale notion business on Main street, to accompany 
him to St. Louis, where they arrived in the 
summer of IS.');!. Young Teichmann at once 
entered upon his work as the book-keeper of the 
firm of L. & C. Speck & Company. In bS.');") he 
was offered a better position by Angelrodt & 
Barth, commission merchants, and acted as 
salesman for them for two years, when, being 
convinced that the best way to get ahead in the 
world was as proprietor of some business, he, 
in 1S,")7, in conjunction with Mr. Andrew Einst- 
mann, who perished at the great Southern Hotel 
fire in 1877, established the firm of Teichmann 
& Company, of which he is now the head. 

The firm does a general commission business, 
making the handling of barley a specialtv. 
Im-oui the beginning the firm has extended its 
territory and influence, until it has become to- 
day one of the foremost and most influential 
firms in its line in St. Louis or the West. In 
1«IS'2 the business had expanded to such an 
extent that incorporation became desiral)le, and 
this step changed the style of the firm to the 
Teichmann Commission Companv. Mr. Teich- 
mann was made the president of the company, 
and has held the ofiice ever since. 

Since bS.J.') Mr. Teichmann has been an 



honored and influential member of the Mer- 
chants" Exchange. His worth and executive 
talent have been recognized by his fellow-mem- 
bers, and twice has been elected as vice-presi- 
dent, and also served two years on the board of 
directors, besides having been at various times 
called to serve on every committee pertaining 
to that body. On December 24, 1889, he was 
nominated in caucus for president, but declined 
the honor on account of his contemplated trip 
to Europe, his health being impaired. All men 
of Mr. Teichmann's probity, ability and influ- 
ence generally meet with recognition bv the 
community in which the\- live, and their names 
and services are in demand by various im- 
portant enterprises, and Mr. Teichmann has 
not proved an exception. For eleven )ears he 
was i^resident of the United States Savings In- 
stitution, but resigned the oflfice in 1875 to go to 
Germany. For twenty-five years he has been 
interested in the Jefferson Insurance Company, 
and has been its vice-president. 

When the war broke out in b'^iil Mr. Teich- 
mann was one of the first to enlist in the Second 
United States Reserve Corps, Colonel Kallman 
commanding, and he was appointed first ser- 
geant of Company H; as such with his com- 
pany he joined the General Fremont expedition 
by steamboats for Birds Point, remaining there 
in camp for thirty days. At the end of his 
enlistment for three months he was honorabh' 
discharged. Later he was sworn into the 
United States service twice, to guard the cit\". 

He is considered one of the benevolent men 
of the city, and has done much for his less 
fortunate fellow-men. He is a member and 
trustee of the Merchants' Exchange Benevolent 
Societ\-, and for over five years has been a meni- 
])er of the ^lullanphy Board. In social and 
club life as well as in business circles he is a 
conspicuous figure, and is a member of the 
Germania Club as well as the Liederkranz. I\Ir. 
Teichmann's marriage took place on September 
.'), 18.")7, and Mi.ss Emily Bang, of Germany, 
was the lady who became his life partner. Of 
this marriage has been born five children, three 
li\ing; William C, (_)tto L. and Anna. 



BIOGRAPHICA f. APPENDIX. 



sn5 



IIia'KKL, Ckorgk p., son of Cliarlcs and 
I{IiiR- ( Fathiiiaii ) Heckel, was l)orn in vSt. Lonis 
in the year ls.'>il. He was edncated at tlie pnb- 
lic scliools, and took a course at the Jones' Com- 
mercial College. At the age of fonrteen lie com- 
menced to learn the hardware bnsiness, remain- 
ing a few years in the establishment of G. A. 
Spaunagel, and then securing a position in the 
wliolesale honse of Hilger & Company. The 
bnlk of his training was, however, witli the 
Sliapleigli-Cantwell Hardware Compan)-, in 
wliose employ he 
continued until the 
year 1888. During 
his long connection 
with this house he 
filled se\-eral ])osi- 
tions, his integrity 
and industry rapidh' 
]nishing him to the 
front. He was in 
control of \'arious 
dejxirtmeuts and ac- 
quired a full insight 
into the business in 
its minutest detail. 

In the year ISSN 
he decided to use the 
small capital he had 
accumulated out t)f 
his sa\Mngs in estab- 
lishing a business on 
his own a c count . 
He accord i ngl y 
secured premises at 

Cass avenue and I^-ifteenth street, where he 
opened as C.ecirge P. Heckel i.^ Ci.im]iany, and 
commenced a wholesale and retail hardware 
business. He succeeded be\-ond his ex])ccta- 
lions and soon found the cpiarters too snudl and 
out of the way for the trade that he built wy. 
In ISHO the capital was largely increased and 
the firm was incorporated under the laws of the 
.State as the Heckel Hardware Company, with a 
eajiital of SKlO, ()()(). It at once moved into the 
new bnilding erected for it bv .Mr. I^. C. Nelson, 
president of the vSt. Louis National Ikink, on 




QEOROE P. HECKE 



Twelfth street, between Locust and St. Charles, 
ami is now one of the leading wholesale hard- 
ware establishments of the West. 

The new building is six stories high, 
thort)ughly equipped for the lousiness, and in 
every way suitable for the purpose. It is 
strongly constructed and has modern appliances 
of every descrij^tion. Its location was con- 
demned by several at the time the ])lans were 
apju'oved, but Mr. Heckel rather prides liimself 
on luuing been one of the first to recognize that 
Twelfth street is 
destined to be the 
leading thorough- 
fare of St. Louis. Its 
exceptional width 
and its u n i q u e 
street railroad 
facilities are already 
bringing it to the 
front, and the com- 
pletion of the new 
City Hall, and of the 
stone Ijridge over 
the railroad tracks 
will still further 
cement its hold on 
the first i)lace. Mr. 
Heckel saw all this 
in advance, and b)' 
securing a good loca- 
tion at the then low 
prices, saved his 
company many 
thousands of dollars. 
The same foresight has been freely exercised in 
the conduct of the business, and the monthly 
returns are increasing so rapidly that the house 
bids fair to acquire national fame before the end 
of the present centur\-. 

.Mr. Heckel is a Mason and a Knight Templar. 
He is also an Odd Fellow, and a i^rominent 
member of the Legion of Honor. His extensive 
experience as a traveling salesman makes him 
an important and valuable coun.selor of the 
Travelers' Protective Association and also of the 
Western Coniniercial Travelers' Association, and 



39(5 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



he is interested in other well-known societies. 
He is a man of strong convictions and good 
presence, and impresses those with whom he 
comes in contact with his earnestness and trnth- 
hilness. 

Whittemore, Frederick Churchill. — In 
St. Lonis business circles a man young in years, 
but with a mature prosperity he has won, is the 
central tignre of this brief history. Although 
he is not yet thirty he has attained a degree of 
prosperity that some men strive an entire life- 
time for and never find. 

His father, Robert P.lackwell Whittemore, 
was a native of New York, and came to St. 
Louis in 1.S4."). At first he engaged in the whole- 
sale hat and fur business, at which he was \-ery 
successful for a period of thirty years. After 
his retireuient from this line he became a cot- 
ton compressor, and made considerable money 
at the business during the fifteen years it en- 
gaged his attention. He is still active and 
fills a useful position as president of the 
Levering Investment Company. The mother's 
maiden name was Katherine Levering. She 
was a native of Springfield, Illinois, and came 
to St. Louis with her parents in 184.'), the same 
year her husbaiul reached the city. Her father 
was Lawrason Levering, of the St. Louis Bag- 
ging CompauN', and vice-president of the Mer- 
chants' National Bank. 

Young Whittemore is a native of this city, 
liaving been born here August ;>1, lsi;4. He 
attended the public and private schools of the 
city regularly, applying himself with industry 
to his .studies until he had reached the age of 
sixteen, when he left school to accept a position 
as clerk with the St. Louis Bagging Company. 
He remained in this position seven \-ears, or 
until l.SST, during that time earning the esteem 
of his emphjyers and a reputation for promj)!- 
ne.ss, industry and penetration. 

Concluding that the only position for an 
ambitious man was in a business of his own, in 
1H87 he opened an insurance office with Nich- 
olas R. Wall as a partner, the firm doing business 
under the title of Wall ^ Whittemore. As thus 



constituted the firm is doing business to-dav. 
Among the companies for which the firm is 
resident agents, are the St. Louis branch of the 
Commonwealth Insurance Compan\-, of New 
York; the North River Insurance Company, of 
New York; Reading Fire Insurance Company, 
of Reading, Pennsylvania; Ohio Fanners' Insur- 
ance Company, of LeRoy, Ohio; the Eagle and 
Broadway, of New York, and the Citizens, of 
Pittsburgh. Its success has far exceeded the 
expectations of its founders, and it stands to-day 
as an example of what per.severence, ability and 
fair dealing can accomplish. 

Besides his insurance interests, j\Ir. Whitte- 
more is secretary of the St. Louis Bagging Com- 
pan\-, and is a director and was one of the 
incorporators of the Ranken 6c Fritsch Foundry 
and ^Machine Company. He was president of 
the Missouri Mantel Decorating Company until 
last January, when he resigned, and he is at the 
present time the largest stockholder. 

Mr. Whittemore is a very popular young man 
and is a leading meniljer of the I'niversity Club. 
He is a member of the Merchants' E.xchange 
also. 

Mr. Whittemore has a handsome and brilliant 
wife to wiiom he was married No\ember 17, 
I'Sii:^. She was Miss Elenore Euglesing of this 
cit\-, but formerly of Mississippi. 

Root), Horace P;dg.\r, son of Horace Fuller 
and Nancy ( Louden ) Rood, was born at Rice- 
ville, Penns_\l\-ania, Nt)\-ember 4, IS.')."). When 
he was still an infant his jiarents moved to 
Nokomis, Illinois, where Horace was educated 
in the public schools, and subsequently assisted 
his father in the mercantile and express busi- 
ness. He took kindly to, and was successful in, 
the trans])ortation business, and when only 
seventeen years of age he was given entire 
charge of the American Express Company's 
office at Nokomis, and for five years conducted 
the business in a highly satisfactory and credit- 
al)le manner. 

In 1S7>! the conipan\' realized that \'oung^Ir. 
Rood's talents fitted him for work in a larger 
field than Nokomis, and accordingh- transferred 





^^^^^zZ^^^^^^^ 



nh u-.RArim al ap/'z-nd/x. 



:!07 



liiin til Si. Louis, where he filled x-arious posi- 
tions for the company until the year 1.S.S4, when 
lie was promoted to the agency for the American 
and Wells Fargo & Company Expi-ess, which 
position he has held np to April 1, IHiiH, when 
he retired to become the president of the 
fashionable Hotel Beers, and to the business of 
which he has since devoted his attention. 

.Mr. Rood was looked nptni as one of the ablest 
expressmen in the western country. His youth 
was freely commented npon at the time he was 
given the manage- 
ment of affairs at 
vSt. Lonis, and it was 
argued that .so yonng 
a man could not be 
relied upon as head 
of such an important 
office. But while it 
was true that Mr. 
Rood was the young- 
est man ever placed 
in charge of a metro- 
]iolitan oflfice, it is 
equally true that no 
office was ever man- 
aged with greater 
success, or in a more 
creditable manner. 
TIk- capital of the 
I wo CO mpa u i es 
amounts to thirty- 
million dollars, and 
the responsibility of 
the jiosition was ver\- 
great, but Mr. Rood never fal 
ceeded by his abilit\- and energy ' 
yearly \-olume nf business win 
res]x>ct from his emplo 

He is still a xonug man, \-ery popular in 
vSt. Louis, and with a large unmber of friends 
in Illinois and thronghout the West. Since 
becoming interested in the Beers, he has shown 
the executive talent he applied to the express 
business, and has proved himself able to fill the 
place com])etently. He married in ISSi; Miss 
Josephine Jesse Norton. 




, and suc- 
■reasingthe 
additional 
id their patrons. 



Jd.xh.s, Wii.i.iA.M CiTiiincuT, one of the lead- 
ing members of the bar of St. Louis, which is 
justly celebrated throughout the entire country 
for the learning and intellectual ability of its 
members, was born at Bowling Green, Kentucky, 
July 1(), 1.S81. In 1X84 his parents moved from 
Kentucky to Chester, Illinois, where his father 
])racticed medicine and surgery, occup}'ing the 
front rank in his profession. His father was the 
son of Francis Slaughter Jones, who was an 
extensive planter and prominent citizen of Vir- 
ginia, living at Cul- 
pepper Court House. 
His mother's maid- 
en name was Kliza 
R. Treat, daughter 
of Hon. Samuel 
Treat, at one time 
United vStates Indian 
agent at Arkansas 
I'ost. 

Judge Jones was 
educated at ^IcKen- 
dree College, Illi- 
nois, being a gradu- 
ate in the class of 
l.S,')-2. After gradu- 
ating he went to 
Unwlingdreen, Ken- 
tucky, and read law 
under the direction 
of Loving (S: (irider, 
and was admitted to 
the bar in 1 .S.");-?. 
After his admission 
t Chester, Illinois, for 
. Louis Sejitember 1, IS.U, 
li]) with \\'illiani L. .SIoss, 
ifter one vear. He then 



;liced 1 
eto.Sl. 



to I lie bar he ])r 
a year. He cai 
forming a law partner: 
which was dissolved 
entered into partnership with the late W. W. 
Western, of Ho]ikinsville, Kentucky, which 
continued until lS()lt, wdien he formed a partner- 
ship with the late Judge Charles F. Cady, which 
was dissolved by mutual consent on the breaking 
out of the war, and on Ma\ >>, ISCl, he enlisted 
in defense of tlu- ruioii, and was commissioned 
captain of Company I, I'ourth United States 



398 



OLD AND NEW ST. I.OUIS. 



Reserve Corps (the late B. Gratz Brown's regi- 
ment), and took part in the campaigns in 
Southwest Missouri. In October, 1862, he was 
appointed pay-master in the United States Vol- 
unteers, with the rank of major, and served in 
this capacity until the war ended, and was 
mustered out of the service November l.'i, 18(i.'), 
after a continuous sei'vice in the army of over 
fotir and one-half years. 

Immediately after coming home from the 
army, Major Jones associated himself with 
Wyatt C. Huffman in the sign and steamboat 
painting business, which proved entirely suc- 
cessful in a financial way, but injured his health 
to such an extent that he gave it np and re- 
sumed the practice of law in January, 18t>s, in 
partnership with Charles G. Mauro, under the 
firm name of Mauro & Jones, which lasted 
until 1871, when he formed a partnership with 
John D. Johnson ( he being the senior member 
of the firm), which continued until he was 
elected judge of the Criminal Court of this city, 
in November, 1.S74. While serving as judge of 
this court he tried some of the most notable 
and important criminal cases ever tried in this 
country. Among them were the celebrated 
Kring case, the trial of McNeary for the mur- 
der of Ida Buckley, and of the five Sicilians 
for killing a peddler. 

When Judge Jones retired fl'om the bench in 
December, 1878, he again resumed the practice 
of law, this time in partnership with Rufus J. 
Delano. This partnership continued until 1883, 
after which he practiced alone until the spring 
of 1885, when he formed a partnership with his 
son, James C, which is still in existence, and 
has an extensive practice in all the civil courts. 

Although devotedly attached to the cause of 
the Union during the late civil war, he favored 
the most liberal policy towards those who 
had fought on the other side, advocating their 
enfranchisement and the removal of all disabili- 
ties on account of their participation in the 
rebellion, and has since been in accord with, 
and an active and consistent member of the 
Democratic party. During the dark days of that 
party he did not hesitate to advocate its cause. 



nor to accept a nomination when it meant only 
obloquy and defeat. He was its nominee for 
clerk of the Circuit Court of St. Louis county, 
in 18()(i, and went down in defeat with his 
])art\-. In the presidential campaign of 18t)8 he 
was the candidate for elector in what was then 
the second congressional district, comprising 
nine counties, and when the election day came, 
he had gone over his district three times, advo- 
cating the election of Seymour and Blair. 

Among the illustrious names to be found upon 
the rolls of the grand fraternal and benevolent 
order, the Knights of Honor, none occupy a 
higher place than that of Judge William C. 
Jones. He has been grand dictator of the 
.State, and a member of the Supreme Lodge for 
twelve years, and was chairman of the committee 
that framed the present constitutions of the 
supreme and subordinate lodges, and also chair- 
main of the committee on appeals and grievances 
in the Supreme Lodge, and member of the com- 
mittee on laws. 

Whether as soldier, lawyer, judge or an every- 
dav private citizen, Judge Jones has in\-ariably 
shown himself to be the same brave, honest, 
just and amiable gentleman, sympathizing with 
and ready to fight the battles of the poor and 
lowly, and bestowing upon all whom he meets 
the same kindly greeting. 

He has always taken an intelligent interest 
in local movements of importance, and is always 
quick to grasp the important points in any 
question where a difference of opinion is likely 
to arise in commercial as well as legal mat- 
ters. 

Judge Jones was married November 20, 185(>, 
to Miss Mary A. Chester, of .St. Louis, daugh- 
ter of Joseph Chester, of Chester, England, and 
sister of the late Thomas C. Chester, by whom 
he has had seven children, four of whom are 
still living. The eldest, Fanny, is now Mrs. 
Walter B. Watson, of this city; the second, 
James C, now his father's partner in the law; 
Julia (the wife of Joseph P. Goodwin), and 
Giles Filley, now nineteen years old, and a very 
promising student at the Missouri State I'ni- 
\-ersitv. 



niOCRAI'IllL A I. ,!/'/'/■ NDIX. 



W'l'S'j', S'i'ii.i.MAX Ai;.sTiN, son of Roberl and 
Cvntliia Angelina (Smith) West, was born at 
Hopkinton, Massachusetts, July :?4, 1N49. His 
father was in the shoe business at the time of 
his birth, and his early days were spent in the 
verv center of the shoe district of Massachusetts, 
where he received a public school education. 
At sixteen years of age it became necessary for 
him to earn his own livelihood, and he secured 
work in a shoe factory. He made no attempt 
to discover a royal road to success, believing 
that his only hope 
la )" i n thoroughly 
uiastering every de- 
tail of the business. 
Hence he c o m - 
menced at the bot- 
tom of the ladder 
and worked his way 
steadily up to the top 
of the tree. 

At twenty years of 
age he was promoted 
to the head of a fit- 
ting room, of which 
he had entire charge. 
He displayed great 
mechanical talent 
and inclination, and 
was soon placed in 
charge of the entire ' " 

machinery of a fac- j 

tory as adjuster and ' 

machini.st. His pro- stillma 

motion continued to 

bf rapid through the \-arious departments of the 
business, including also the designing of lasts 
and patterns, in which ca]iacity, being of an in- 
\enli\-e turn of mind, he was successful from 
the very beginning. 

After gaining a thorough knowledge of the 
business he came west and settled at Racine, 
Wisconsin, where he was ]ilaced in charge of 
tlieJosei)h Miller & Com]ian\- factory. He es- 
tablished a jierfect revolution in that faclor\- b)- 
introducing shoe machinery hillierto unused 
and scarcelv understood in Wiscoirsin. He re- 




mained with Miller X: Comi)any for two years, 
during which time he invented and patented 
shoe machinery which has since developed into 
great value and general use. His success was 
so marked, and his patents proved of such great 
value, that he soon received a very flattering 
offer from the Car\-er Cotton (xin Com]iany, of 
I)oston, to uuike and sell his machines in con- 
nection with that house. 

As a result, Mr. We.st, in spite of the protest 
of his principals, terminated his connections 
with Mr. Miller and 
became connected 
' with the Host on 

house as traveling 
salesman. His suc- 
cess was uiarked and 
he earned a high rep- 
ulatit)n by the able 
manner in which he 
not only i)laced 
machinery, l)ut set it 
up for his various 
customers. While 
traveling for the Car- 
ver Cotton { lin Com- 
]iany he made the 
acquainlance of the 
]i ri nci jkiIs of the 
Hamilton-P.rown 
ShoeCouipany,of 
vSt. I^ouis, and in the 
year 1.S.S4 he ac- 
cepted the position 
of manager and su- 
nn facturiug department, 
hat com]>auy was of a 
ter, and the ser\-ices he 
rendered it were of acknowledged value, doub- 
ling their sales in less than five years. He was 
superintendent of construction of the magnifi- 
cent factory at Twenty-first street and Lucas 
place, which is acknowledged to be one of the 
finest and best equijiiK-d ])lants in the Ignited 
States. 

Mr. West terminated his connection with the 
above comjKun- in the fall of \>>\^\, and in b'eb- 



WKSl 



periutendcut of their n 
His connection with 
most satisfactorv char; 



40(1 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



niary, IXSii, he oroauized the West-Jump Shoe 
Company, which was incorporated with a capital 
of $75,000, Mr. West becoming its president. 
The factory is located at the corner of Seventh 
street and Lucas avenue, and occupies six spa- 
cious floors, and as a result of the practical 
knowledge and ingenuity of its projectors is 
fitted up in the best possible manner, and is 
equipped with the latest and most approved 
machinery for the manufacture of the finest 
grades of shoes, with a capacity of 2,000 pairs 
of shoes per day. The company started out 
with bright prospects, and owing to the long 
experience of the several active members the 
future presents the most promising aspect. Al- 
ready it has Ijuilt up a magnificent trade in the 
South and West, thus adding to the long list of 
firms that have made St. Louis a name as a shoe 
manufacturing center, a concern of enterj^rise 
and energy, of which she may well be proud. 

It is of interest to add, in this particular, tliat 
the shoe manufacturing industry has experienced 
a notable change since Mr. West located here in 
18!S4. At that time but little regard was paid 
to the sanitary conditions and cleanliness of fac- 
tories. During the early part of his career in 
St. Louis he succeeded in making the factory of 
which he was manager such a model one, that 
the best and most skilled operatives sought 
emplo)Uieut with him, and in order to compete 
the other factories were compelled to remodel 
after his example. In consequence of these im- 
portant improxemeuts St. Louis has come to the 
front, and is known by all buyers to have the 
cleanest, best equipped and nuiuaged factories of 
any city in the L^nion. 

Mr. West is a prominent member of the Shoe 
Manufacturers' and Jobbers' Association. He is 
a member of the St. George's Church, of which 
he is junior warden. 

He married, in the year liSSij, :\Iiss Anna 
Bowers, of Peru, Illinois. During his eight 
years' residence in St. Louis, lAx. West has 
made for him.self a large circle of friends among 
the best people of the city, and is regarded as 
one of the responsible and enterprising men of 
this section of the countrv. 



RlCH.-\RD.SON, J.\CK PHILLIPS, .SOU of Dr. 

W' illie G. and Elizabeth Ann ( Phillips ) Rich- 
ardson, is of English and Irish blood, and was 
born in Laurdale, Alabama, May 5, 1X34. He 
was raised on a farm and received all the edu- 
cational benefits a backwoods district cotild 
afford, which usually amounted to about three 
months' schooling within the year. When nine- 
teen years of age he left the farm and went to 
Aljcrdeen, Mississippi, then the leading town 
in the Tombigbee \'alley, where an older brother 
was already located, and .secured a position as 
clerk in a general store. 

In 185.5 he went to Mobile, Alabama, then an 
important sea-port, and accepted a place which 
had been offered him in the wholesale and re- 
tail hardware house of H. L. Reynolds & Com- 
pany. Here he gave such exceptional service 
and showed such rare mercantile ability that 
within five years he was made a partner of the 
firm. The civil war breaking out about that 
time proved most disastrous to the concern. 
Tile senior member of the firm having gone 
North on liusiuess, was arrested and paroled, 
and the four clerks of the house having entered 
the service, the entire weight of the business 
fell upon young Richardson. He closed out 
the business as soon as he could and entered 
the Confederate army, and was under Major 
Myers, chief ordnance officer of the Gulf De- 
partment, when the war ended. 

When hostilities had ceased he returned to 
Mobile, and engaged in the wholesale grocery 
business until 18()7, in which year he came to 
St. Louis. Here he embarked in the general 
commission business, which he conducted up to 
187(i, or until he instituted the present business 
of dealing in lumber. Mr. Richardson is known 
evervwhere for his work in benevolent and 
fraternal circles, his membership in orders of 
this kind being altogether too extended to be 
treated of in a biography of this brief character. 
He is a high degree Ma.son and has held the 
highest offices of nearly all the orders with 
which he is connected. 

He is a member and an ex-president of tlie 
Mercantile Club and is a member o{ the Mer- 



Bioc.KAi'HiCAL . iri'iixnix. 



401 



chants' I^xcluinj^c, the Lumbermen's Exchange 
and the Furniture Board Exchange. His inter- 
est in educational matters is no less pronounced 
than has been his work in fraternal circles, and 
he was elected to the Board of Education, as a 
director-at-largein bS87, by a majority of 4,i);i(;. 
During his four years' term he did exceptional 
work for the cause of education. 

In 1857 Mr. Richardson was married to Miss 
Ivouisa Meek, of Aberdeen, Mi.ssissippi, who 
died in 18()3, leaving two sons, who are now 
successful business 
men. In 18ti4 he 
was again uiarried 
to ;\Iiss Mary C. 
vStodder, of Mobile, 
Alabama, of which 
union three sons and 
five daughters have 
been born, all now 
livins: but one. 



WVKTH, H.\RRV 

Bi.sSKLL. — A native 
of St. Louis, and one 
among her young 
men of promise, is 
Harry I'.issell \Vy- 
cth.who is at present 
identified with the 
lumber interests. He 
was born in this city 
June (>, 18(>7, and 
has, therefore, only 
passed the quarter 
century mark. His 
ha\-er ) W'yeth, was 
and his father, J. II 




HARRY B. WVETH. 



mother. Elizabeth ( Rode- 
)orn in St. Louis count\-, 
\V>eth, a nati\-e of New 
York, was for a number of years after coming 
to .St. Louis the purchasing agent of the ]\Iis- 
souri Pacific Railroad, but is now engaged in 
the railway supply business in this city. For 
six years young Harry attended the public 
schiMils (if St. Louis, and then entered the Man- 
ual Training School Department of Washington 
University, graduating from that institution in 
1><'S4, ijeiuir a member of the second class turned 



out after the urgauization of the school. I5ut 
he did not consider that this completed his edu- 
cation, and from the St. Louis Training School 
he went to Ann Arbor, Michigan. He entered 
the celebrated University of Michigan, where 
he studied for nearly four years, but was 
compelled to leave without graduating, owing 
to ill health. 

Leaving college, Mr. Wyeth spent a \ear 
traveling through various parts of the United 
States, looking for a business location and for 
the purpose of be- 
coming acquainted 
with the people and 
country in which he 
lived. He finally 
settled at Hazel- 
hurst, Wisconsin, 
where he took a 
position with the 
Yawke\- & Lee Lum- 
ber Company, ha\- 
ing determined to 
learu the lumber 
business. He was 
always thorough- 
going by nature, and 
he was under the 
conviction that that 
which was worth do- 
ing at all was worth 
doing well; and thus 
for one year he did 
the hardest kind of 
work in the woods, 
vards and mills of the company, doing all the 
regular labor of a roustabout and learning every 
feature of the business. At the end of the year 
he was ready to enter the business for himself 
in a small way, and he accordingly journeyed 
into the pineries of Arkansas. After about a 
month spent in prospecting, he purchased a 
small interest in the A. J. Neinieyer Lumber 
Companv, with headquarters at Waldo, Arkan- 
sas, where he was made manager in the ofRce 
and was soon advanced to the place of secretary, 
which he held until he severed his connection 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



with the firm in tlie sprin.tj of l.s!)]. He was 
induced to make this change by the opportuni- 
ties he was certain St. Louis held out to a quick 
and energetic lumber dealer. Comiug to this 
city, with the small capital which had rapidly 
increased since he had come south, he organized 
the Southern Lumber Compan)-, and thus em- 
barked in business for himself. The company 
does an extensive and profitable wholesale and 
commission business in yellow pine and hard 
woods, and in 1892 Mr. Wyeth bought out his 
backers and incorporated his business as the 
Wyeth Lumber Compau)-. 

Although a very young man he has the rare 
faculty of profiting by every experience, and he 
now knows more of the lumber business thau 
many other men who have been in it all their 
lives. He has inspired confidence in maiiy meu 
of shrewd judgment and po.ssessedof large means, 
and as a consequence now has extensive capital 
back of him, and will undoubtedly make his 
mark in the commercial world. 

While attending college at Ann Arbor, Michi- 
gan, ]\Ir. Wyeth met and fell in love with ]\Iiss 
Daisy Richardson, one of the belles of the uni- 
versity town, and the daughter of Noah Rich- 
ardson, one of the pioneers of the Saginaw 
\'alley, a prominent citizen and at the time of 
his death a banker of East Saginaw. As the 
lo\-e w-as mutual the marriage took place im- 
uiediately after the young student's graduation. 

Watsox, Howard, was born ^lay K'>, IS.")'), 
at Mount \'eruou, Jefferson county, Illinois. 
His parents were Joel F. and vSarali Watson. 
His father was also a native of Mount \'ernon, 
and was in many respects a remarkable man. 
He was six feet two in height, and although 
afflicted from the age of nine years with paral- 
ysis, he was a diligent and thorough student, 
and after securing a good education he engaged 
in teaching school, after which he began in the 
mercantile business, his house becoming one of 
the most iuiportant in that section, and held its 
rank as such for many years. It is well remem- 
bered by the older hou.ses of St. Louis. He 
raised and educated a large family, and during 



his life succeeded in accumulating a great deal 
of property. His uiother died when he was 
four years old. 

The subject of this sketch attended the public 
schools at Mount \'ernou until he was sixteen 
years old, when he entered the employ of a 
builder and contractor, and learned the carpen- 
ter's trade. After working at that business for 
about four years, he went into the lumber busi- 
ness at Belle Rive, Illinois, with a partner, 
who, at the expiration of six luouths, absconded 
with the partnership funds. Mr. Watson then 
entered a dry goods store at Mount \'eruou and 
held the position of clerk there and at Rush- 
ville until 1880, when he was employed as a 
book-keeper by a lumber firm at Mount Vernon. 
While in Mount Vernon he ran as an independ- 
ent candidate for tax collector, and was elected 
by a large majority and held the office one year, 
declining a second term. He secured a position 
with Col. Jack P. Richardson, of St. Louis, in 
b'^''^]. He remained with Colonel Richardson 
until 1885, and then went into the wholesale lum- 
ber commission businesson hisown account, wnth 
offices in the McLean Building, but soon found 
the offices too small for his increasing business, 
and nroved to -lO.") Walnut street, and later to 
his present location in the Temple Building, 
where he has large, well-lighted and well-venti- 
lated offices, which afford ample facilites for his 
large and increasing trade, which is mostly 
local. He deals principally in hard wood lum- 
ber, and his sales during the year IXiH amounted 
to twenty millions five hundred thousand feet. 
^Ir. Watson was one of the principal organizers 
of the St. Louis Lumber Exchange, which was 
organized in March, 1889, and incorporated 
under the laws of Missouri on June 27, ISHl, 
and he was made a director on its organization. 
At their annual meeting, January 1, 1892, he 
was elected treasurer. Mr. Watson, while a 
\-oung man, is thorough, and devotes his whole 
time to business, and has never taken auy active 
interest in politics. 

Mr. Watson has two brothers, both of whom 
are meu of prominence in their respectixe prt)- 
fessions. Walter Watson is a well-known phy- 



II l( XiRAPUR \ll. APPENDIX. 



40.", 



siciaii, anil Alliert, the \ouii.oest brotlicr, is 
iiiakint;; a l)iilliant record as an attorney. 

Mr. Watson was married some years ago to 
.Mrs. Fannie H. Fisk, of this city. They have 
one cliild — Martlia, six years old. 

Wkxzlick, .\lbp;rT. — One of the yonng; men 
of marked energy and ability in the title ex- 
amination and investment field, is the snbject of 
this brief biography, who was born in this city 
April 22, l.StiO, his parents being Peter and 
Mary (\'oldrath) 
Wenzlick. He was 
given an elementary 
education in both 
the public and pri- 
\ate schools of the 
cit\-, and finished by 
attendance at the 
Polytechnic Insti- 
tute, where he was a 
pupil at different 
]ierio(ls from the 
time he was twehe 
until he was twenty 
years of age. In 
INTli lie entered the 
office of his brother, 
who had that year 
established the title 
examination and in- 
vestment business 
now conducted by 
.\lbert. h'rom ISSO 
to l.s.s."i he was con- 
nected with the title 
.M. P.. O-Reillv, but 
formed a inutnershii) with his brother, which 
existed until it was dissolved by the hitter's 
deatli, about three years ago. Since then Mr. 
Wenzlick has conducted the business alone, and 
has been most successful. 

( )ne of the s]H-cialties of this business is the 
in\estigation and verification of titles 1)\- an 
original and most ingeniously de\ised SNstem. 
Otlu-r features of the business are the drafting 
of conveyances, mortgages, wills, power-of- 




ALBERT WENZLICK. 



the 



attorney, and legal docuuKuts of all kiud»i, 
as well as investments of capital. Mr. Wenz- 
lick has business relations with no less than 
sixteen building and loan associations. Of the 
Columbia, the Columbia Xo. 2 and the Ameri- 
can In\estmeut liuikliug and Loan associations, 
he is at the present time the secretary. He is 
also a member of the Legion of Honor. On 
April 17, 1888, Mr. Wenzlick was married to 
Miss Emma Schall, daughter of a prominent 
dry goods merchant of East St. Louis. Thev 
ha\-e one child liv- 
ing — Albert, Jr. 

Rkv.xolds. Thos. 
P'raxk, is a living 
illustration of what 
jHish and energy, 
combined with good 
business ability, will 
accomplish. He was 
l>orn at Keokuk , 
Iowa, January 20, 
!>!<><). His parents 
were Charles C. and 
Katherine ( McKer- 
nan ) Reynolds. His 
early education was 
accjuired in the pub- 
lic schools, later at 
the Christian Broth- 
ers' College and the 
.St. Louis U n i \- e r- 
sit\-, then located at 
Ninth and Christ\- 
At the early age of four- 
work in the dry goods 
then one of the leading 
establishments of St. Louis, remaining there 
two years, when, not finding the life of a dry 
goods clerk exactly congenial, he eutered the 
carriage factory of ;\IcCall ^: Haase, where he 
remained four \ears. 

In the meantime he had thoroughly mastered 
the art of carriage Ijuilding in all its cletails, and 
feeling a desire to see something of the great 
world outside of St. Louis and vicinit\-, he bade 



( now Lucas ) avenue, 
teen years he went t 
store of B. L. Hardon 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



adieu to llie " rklound City," and for five years 
lie tried Cinciuiiati, Chicago, Baltimore, Phila- 
delphia, New York, and other eastern cities. 
Then, finally becoming convinced that St. Louis 
offered about as good a field for an enterprising 
man as could be found, he returned in 1885, 
going to work at his trade. In November l-S.S.S, 
he engaged in the carriage business with W. C. 
Creveling, at 2()0(i St. Cliarles street, where he 
is at present located. 

Mr. Reynolds is still enjoying a life of single 
blessedness, and resides at home with his 
parents. 

SiMi'SOX, William vSimkox, son of Joseph 
and Eliza ( Haslett ) Simpson, was burn on a 
farm in Hamilton county, Ohio, July 1, l>i47. 
His father was a native of England, Imt had 
emigrated to Montreal, and subsequently to( )liio, 
prior to the birth of the subject of this sketch. 
When William S. was but three years of age his 
father died, and Mrs. vSimpson moved to vSt. 
Louis in the year ls,'),s. It was in the public 
schools of this city that Air. vSimpsou's educa- 
tion was received, remaining at his books until 
eighteen years of age. 

On leaving school he secured a position as 
clerk in the quartermaster's department of the 
Federal army stationed in this city, and after a 
short term of service there he entered the box 
factory of Henry B. Poorman as book-keeper 
and clerk, remaining with this firm until 1870. 
In that year he became book-keeper and general 
office assistant for Mr. J. H. Pocock, manufact- 
urer of tin cans, remaining with this firm until 
1873, when he resigned and in connection with 
Mr. J. Christopher organized the firm of Chris- 
topher & Company, which was the beginning of 
the present Christopher & Simpson .\rchitect- 
ural Iron and Foundry Company. Mr. Simpson 
took an active part in the organization and 
work of the foundry, which made a specialty of 
architectural iron work. It has been entrusted 
with the iron work of a large number of \er\- 
important buildings and establishments, includ- 
ing the Bank of Commerce, the IMercantile 
Library, the Odd Fellows' Hall, the new Citv 



Hall, the Bell Telephone Building, the new 
Polytechnic Building, the Rialto Building, and 
the New Planters' House. 

In 1882 the firm was incorporated as the 
Christopher & Simpson Architectural Iron and 
Foundry Company, with Mr. J. Christopher as 
president, Mr. Wm. A. Rutter as vice-president, 
and Mr. Wm. S. Simpson as secretary and treas- 
urer. During the ten }ears which have elapsed 
since the incorporation, the firm has more than 
doubled its business, and now occupies the 
large foundry on Park avenue between Eighth 
and Ninth streets. 

Air. Simpson is a member of the Legion of 
Honor; is president of the Park Building Asso- 
ciations, Nos. 1 and 2; a member of the Aler- 
chants' Flxchange; a member of the Builders' 
Flxchange of twenty years' standing and two 
years as director; and is a large stockholder in the 
Jaccard Watch and Jewelry Co., of Kansas Cit\'. 

He married in the \ear 187() Miss Belle 
Buckingham, of St. Louis. He has four chil- 
dren, William S., Jr., Lillie Belle, Grace Alildred 
and F^dgar Ralph. 

Mr. Simpson is an influential church worker, 
is a member of the Park Presbyterian Church, 
and for the ])ast five years has acted as one of 
its elders. He is regarded as a man of pro- 
gressive ideas and of public spirit. 

BOHMKR, JOHX G., principal and .sole pro- 
prietor of the well known Jones' Commercial 
College, on Broadway, between ( )li\-e and Locust 
streets, is the son of Henry and Margaret ( Kind- 
lein ) Bohmer, and was born on a farm near 
Richfountain, in the month of November, A. I). 
1850. He was educated near his home until 
seventeen years of age, when, aspiring to acquire 
a sound business training, he came to St. Louis 
and took a complete course in the Jones' Com- 
mercial College, which even at that date was 
regarded as one of the most reliable commercial 
colleges in the United States. His ability 
attracted the attention of the principal, and 
owing to his extraordinary skill in penmanship 
he was appointed assistant writing teacher. He 
held this position for a short space of time, when 





, yj^^-T^^^i^^^ 



'^^^-ty 



/;/( n;R.\ri[ic.\i. appf.xdix. 



405 



he was promoted to professor and principal in 
tlie penniansliii) department. 

During a course of years Mr. IJolinier ^ave 
instructions in tlie art of Inisiness writing in a 
most successful manner to an ever-iucreasino; 
number of puj^ils, and his reputation became 
\ery popular throughout the country. He was 
finally appointed general superintendent of the 
college, and after holding this position for a 
number of \-ears he then, in the year is.sn, 
became associate princi])al with Professor Jona- 
than Jones, founder 
of the college, ac- 
quiring an interest 
in the business. In 
February, 1884, Pro- 
fessor Jones died, and 
Mr. Bohmer, the sur- 
viving partner, be- 
came sole proprietor 
of the school. 

So man\' hundred 
of the leading men 
in St. Louis owe 
much of their suc- 
cess in life to the 
t r a i n i n g the \- r e- 
ceived in Jones' 
Commercial College, 
that it would be su- 
perfluous to enlarge 
at any length on the 
value of the institu- 
tion to the city and „„,v, ,j 
the country sur- 
rounding it. The average number of students 
attending in the various departments of this 
institution is above live hundred; and while a 
majority of these are vSt. Louisans, quite a number 
come in from distant cities and countries in 
order to partake of the training and other 
advantages offered. It is an interesting feature 
of the college, and one which redounds greatly 
to the credit of those at its head, that quite a 
large percentage of the students are sons of men 
who themselves took a course at the college 
twenty, thirty and forty years ago. .\ higher 




mark of ajjj^reciatiou or more sterling jiraise 
could scarcely be given an institution than this, 
and it has heeonie a rule in St. Louis to accejit 
an ajiplicant for a jiosition without close exam- 
ination into his ability, provided he has a 
diploma from the college of which all St. Louis- 
ans are so jnstl\- ])roud. 

Mr. Bohmer, who is a modest, unassuming 
uuui, does not claim entire credit for the mag- 
nificent success of the college, l)ut it is uni- 
versally known that he brought with him into 
the institution many 
modern ideas which 
have proved of in- 
estimable value to it 
and to the .student. 
( )ne department he 
has added has re- 
sulted in many hun- 
dreds of young men 
and young ladies se- 
curing lucrative po- 
sitions. This is the 
short-hand and t\'pe- 
writing department. 
^Ir. Bohmer teaches 
the Isaac Pitman sys- 
tem, because the gen- 
eral verdict of the 
Knglish -speaking 
world is in favor of 
this -style of the 
winged art of writ- 
ing. Full tuiti^in is 
also given in tlieu.se 
mil ])opular type-writing ma- 
ing the graduates to operate 
it may be placed before them, 
which is considered an absolute essential to the 
make-up of the efficient stenographer. (Grad- 
uates of the short-hand and type-writing dejiart- 
ments are constantly in demand by the hading 
business and professional men of the city and 
country, who aiijily to the college for competent 
stenographers. Mr. IJohuier has perfected ar- 
rangements with the Western Union Telegraph 
Comixany whereby students are made efficient 



OHMHK. 

of all the leading 
chines, thus euab 
an\- t\ i)e-writer th 



40(i 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



telegraphers; and so complete is the tuition in 
this regard that students who have been through 
a thorough course are readily accepted for posi- 
tions in the leading railroad and telegraph 
couii)anies. 

In other respects Mr. Bohnier has added to the 
high reputation of the college, and he is regarded 
as one of the best informed and most successful 
teachers to be found in the West, as well as one 
of the deepest thinkers and ablest scholars of 
the country. His advice on questions of tuition 
is frequently sought, and he is an acknowledged 
authority on all matters bearing upon commer- 
cial training and mercantile education. 

ScTDDKR, Jamks Whitk, SOU of Joliu A. and 
Mary (White) vScudder, was born in St. Ivouis, 
July .'), ISiil. He was educated in the public 
schools, and then went through a course of 
study at Washington University. When twenty 
years of age he commenced what has already 
proved a most successful commercial career as 
clerk with Messrs. Fink & Nasse, wholesale 
grocers, with whom he remained one year. 

On attaining his majority he accepted a posi- 
tion with (iarneau, Scudder& Company, aud on 
that firm going out of business, he became secre- 
tary of the Kraft-Holmes Grocery Company, fill- 
ing that position for si.K years, during the latter 
portion of which much of the active management 
fell into his hands. When the firm decided to 
retire, he purchased the stock and good-will 
and established the firm of James W. ,Scudder& 
Company. 

The new firm has only Ijeen in existence for 
four years, but the business already shows a 
very large increase, aud prospects for the future 
are Iiright in the extreme. Mr. Scudder is but 
thirty-three years of age, but he has made the 
best possible use of the last ten years, and is in 
con.sequence a very competent business man. 
He has associated with him in partnership, 
Messrs. George Miltenberger, H. H. Downman 
and Henry Reinhart, making tiie firm a verv 
strong and capable one. 

Mr. Scudder married on b'ebrnary is, ls!)l, 
Miss Harriett McKinley, of this citv. 



GoLD.M.ix, Jake D., son of Demascus and 
Anna (Meyer) Goldman, was born in Germany, 
AjDril 2(5, 184."). He recei\ed a public school 
education in his native land, and when fifteen 
years of age he came to America, where he 
secured a position as clerk in the general mer- 
chandise house of Meyer Brothers, New York. 
Then went south and joined the Southern army 
for four years, under General Bragg. At the 
close of the war, in 18(j5, Mr. Goldman nio\ed 
to Arkansas, where he established himself in the 
merchandise business, among his old comrades 
of the army. For ten years he remained in 
Arkansas, and built up a valuable connection. 
In 1S7S, however, he decided to go into business 
in a metropolitan center, and moving to St. 
Louis he opened the house of Adler, Goldman 
X: Company, which was incorporated in the year 
l.sss. 

Mr. Goldman has a general merchandise busi- 
ness at Maiden, Missouri, and also at Dardanelle, 
Arkansas. He is also a partner of Jarrett & Com- 
pany, of Mariana, Arkansas, as well as president 
of the Goldman & Levy Land Company, at Dun- 
can, Missouri. The Adler-Goldman house had 
a branch at New Orleans for nine years, and 
the combined firms have a record for ha\'ing 
one of the largest connections in the I'nited 
States. 

Desjjite his numerous commercial duties, Mr. 
Goldman has l)een pressed into other service. 
In the \ear ISSl lie was appointed president of 
the St. Louis Cotton Exchange, and is now a 
director. He was one of the first directors of the 
Cotton Belt Route, investing money to foster 
the enterprise. Few men have done more to 
make the Exchange a practical success, and lie 
is consulted on every emergency, with utmost 
confidence in his decision. He is also director 
and stockholder in the St. Louis Cotton Com- 
l^ress Company. 

;\Ir. Goldman married, in January, IS.SO, Miss 
Sarah Hirsch, of Batesville, Arkansas, and has 
four children, Alvin, May, Florence and Hortense. 
He is one of the substantial commercial men of 
St. Louis, aud has unbounded faith in the future 
of the city in which he has made his home. 



n I OCR A PI/fCA I. APPENDIX. 



407 



s h,M-n 


at Marv 


IS-IS. 


His par 


H. iCra 


wfnnl) R 


stui(l\- 


liuinet-rs 



RoKixsDX, K. C. 
I 'iiidii C()Uiit\', I )lii< 
William M. and Hai 

sou, were aniDu.i^ those sturdy iiioueers \vh 
pushed up the Hue of ci\ilizatioii t'roui the 
Allej^hauies westward beyoud the Rockies. 
The elder Robiusou was iforu iu I.SOS, a day 
wheu that spot was cousidered at the extreme 
westeru froutier of civilizatiou. The ludiaus 

bout iu 



roauied tlirough the 
pursuit of the o;ame 
ijefore the destruct- 
i\-e white m a u. 
Auiids> such scenes 
the father of E. C. 
Robinson passed his 
boyhood, the play- 
mates of his child- 
hood aud the com- 
panions of his youth 
being Indians, some 
of whom afterwartl 
became distin- 
guished as warriors 
and chiefs. The old 
gentleman, who is 
still li\ing iu excel- 
lent health, at the 
advanced age of 
eighty-five, has al- 
wa\-s contended that 
the American In- 
been more 
gainst than 



whi 



lerness thei 
ch had not 



fled 




(liau 
siuui 



E. C. ROBINSON 



Tlu 



subject of this sketch was the youngest 
of seven children, aud up to his eighteenth year 
enjoved those educational advantages offered by 
his native place, which nsuaih' consisted of six 
mouths' schooling in the year. When twenty 
years of age he left the paternal roof to go to 
Kansas, locating at Ottawa. When he reached 
this desliualiou his total assets amounted to 
eight dollars, which to him meant, instead of 
despair and discouragement, that he liad to go 
to work. Taking the first thing that offered, a 
jiosition of general utility man in a l)akery, he 



heldj it until he secured a situation as clerk 
iu a grocery store, a few months later. 

In 1870 he went into the grocery business for 
himself at Thayer, Kansas. There he also 
bought a tract of land for $400 and sold it for 
S-SOO, but in 187;; his establishment was de- 
.stroyed by fire, the loss being total. Despite 
this overwhelming disaster tlie owner went 
cheerfully to work to retrieve his fortune, and 
iu 1880 he was able to sell a lumberyard which 
he had acquired and his stock of groceries and 
hardware at a good 
price and connected 
himself with the 
lumber firm of S. A. 
Brown & Company, 
of Chicago, then 
o ]) e r a t i n g about 
seventy-five yards in 
Kansas and Western 
Missouri. Mr. Rob- 
inson had charge of 
twenty-five of these 
\ards, with head- 
ijuarters at ( )ttawa. 
In 18,sii he dis- 
posed of his interest 
in the above firm, 
and in January-, 
li^Ito, came to St. 
Louis. He at once 
purchased the lum- 
ber yard of G. H. 
Hockenkamp, on 
Monroe street. Im- 
mediately he made further investments iu lum- 
ber, establishing yards on Kaston avenue and 
King's Highwav, this city, and at ( Htawa, Kan- 
sas, and Madison, Illinois. His trade is grow- 
ing rapidlv, in the manipulation and increase of 
which the same energy and bu.siness sagacity 
that marked his earlier business ventures are 
plainly discernible. 

He is still a comparatively \ouug man, iu the 
enjoyment of vigorous health, and an active 
worker, who never tires of "standing up for 
vSt. Louis " and singing its praises. 



40S 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



ForT, Frederick W. — Frederick W. Font, 
the successful claim and pension attorne\-, was 
born October 30, 1839, in the little town of 
Meissen, near Buckeburg, Germany. His 
mother was Sophia (Spannnth) Font, and his 
father, Frederick Wilhelm, was the village 
blacksmith of the little town of Meissen. His 
parents were thrifty and economical, and fully 
comprehending the benefits a good education 
confers, kept the boy in steady attendance at 
the school of his native village, which he left at 
the age of fifteen to go out in the world and 
seek his fortune. Sailing for America, his 
journey found an ending at New Palestine, 
Indiana, where an uncle lived, and with whom 
he made his home. There he continued his 
studies until he determined to become altogether 
independent, and engaged liimself to a car- 
penter to learn the trade. After his apprentice- 
ship was completed he worked at his trade for 
awhile, but aspiring to a higher calling and a 
better education, he temporarily laid aside his 
saw and plane to enter Franklin Academy, 
Indiana. This was in 1859, and he attended 
scliool in winter and returned to his carpenter 
work in summer, until the spring of l.siil, 
wliicli pro\-ed a momentous epoch in his life, as 
it did in tlie li\-cs of thousands of other Ameri- 
cans. 

He was filled with an intense ]>atri()lisni for 
his adopted country's cause, and at the very 
beginning of the war, or in April, 18t)l, enli.sted 
at Indianapolis as a private in Company I, 
Seventh Indiana Infantry. The regiment partic- 
ipated in the battles of Philippi, Laurel Hill, 
and Carrick Fort, all in West Virginia, but as 
the men had only enlisted for three months, in 
August they were ordered back to Indianapolis 
and mustered out. But young F'out had enlisted 
in the beginning with determined and patriotic 
motives, whicli were not in the least abated bv 
the service he had seen, and he accordinglv at 
once re-enlisted in an artillery regiment. The 
latter was broken up by internal dissensions, 
but each battery entered the service as an inde- 
pendent organization. 

In January, 18()2, Mr. Font was made orderlv 



sergeant of the Fifteenth Indiana Independent 
Battery, and in August of the same year won 
promotion to a second lieutenancy for gallant 
service. In January, 18(54, he was made first 
lieutenant, and after that time was almost con- 
tinuously in command of the battery, which saw 
almost constant fighting under Generals McClel- 
land, Miles, Burnsides, Schofield, Sherman and 
Cox; and it may be mentioned incidentally that 
it was one of Lieutenant Font's guns that threw 
the first shell into Atlanta. In June, l-Sd."), the 
lieutenant and his battery were mustered out 
at Indianapolis, its commander having served 
from the first to the last month of the entire 
war. 

Not having seen his parents for almost a 
dozen years, soon after the declaration of peace 
he determined to visit them, and sailed for the 
fatherland. He remained there but a short 
time, but long enough to form a tender attach- 
ment for Miss Mathilda C. Brandt, the daughter 
of his old school-master, who was a child four 
years old when he left home. The young lady 
reciprocated, and in liSlili came to New York, 
and on August :^7th, in that cit)-, they were 
married. 

After the honeymoon the young conjile went 
to Indianapolis, where ;\Ir. Font, with others, 
l^ecame interested in the glass manufacturing 
business, their plant being at that time the first 
and only one in the West. After a number of 
years he severed his connection with the glass 
company, and subsequently engaged in various 
commercial enterprises, meeting with success in 
some and reverses in others. In l'S81 he came 
to St. Louis, and for seven years was considered 
by the Missouri Glass Company one of its most 
valuable traveling salesmen. He resigned be- 
cause the work kept him too much away from 
home. Surveying the field after his resignation, 
he decided to go into the claim and pension 
business. He fitted himself therefor, was admit- 
ted to practice before the governmental depart- 
ments at Washington, and is now at the head of 
one of the most extensive and successful pension 
and claim businesses in the West. In addition to 
his large practice he has, of late years, given 




^/A^. i/:^"^.^ 



nh h;ra phica l appendix. 



409 



C()nsi(lcral)le attention to Ijtiikh 
course of the last three years lia 
citv of St. Louis with some of 
most modern residences to be seen 
part of the city. 



IlAKKK, 

.\lma (He 
countv, II 



AM 



I'.s EuGKXK, sou of Ji 
■ks ) Baker, was born i 
s, :\Iav 1, 1S47. He 



died tlie 
inest and 
e western 



se])h and 
1 I.aSalle 
was edu- 
native 
ley-iate 



as a solicitor for the Mu 

I'or seven years he \ 

this ca])acity, or unti 



al Mie, of New York, 
rked industriously in 
lis superiors became 



cated in the common schools of hi 
countv, and subsequently received his c 
t r a i 11 i n g at Knox 
College, Cialesburg, 
Illinois, graduating 
in the class of I'ST'i. 
He i m m e d i a t e 1 y 
started out in the 
world to earn his liv- 
ing, and in the fall 
of the same year he 
left school found 
himself at St. Paul, 
Minnesota, where he 
secured a situation 
with the vSt. Paul 
HarvesterWorks. In 
this ]:iosition he ex- 
ecuted liis work so 
faithfully, and did 
hisduty so well, that 
in about two years 
after he reached St. 
Paul he so fa\-orably 
impressed the whole- 
sale grocery firm of 

Xewell i<: Harrison, in the neighboring 
Miiiiieai)olis that they offered him emiil 
as traveling salesman. 

He remained witli this house a year, and was 
a very successful salesman, but he had reached 
the conclusion that St. Louis offered exceptional 
ojjportunities to a young man, and he accord- 
ingly left the firm and came to this city in 1.S7.'). 
He at once accepted a position as solicitor for 
the :\Iutual Benefit Association, of Newark, New 
Jersey, at which work he continued until the 
year 1880, when he accepted a better position 




aware that his knowledge of the insurance busi- 
ness and his devotion to their interests entitled 
him to promotion. He was made superintend- 
ent of agencies, an office he administered fur 
two years, or until the year IJSIS!), when he asso- 
ciated himself with the Messrs. vSherman and 
Joseph E. Baker, under the firm name of Sher- 
man, Sou & Baker, in the general insurance 
agency bus in ess. 
Injune, 18fl2,this 
firm was succeeded 
by James E. and Jo- 
seph E. Baker, under 
the style of Baker 
Bros. The firm holds 
the general agency 
for the Mutual Life 
Insurance Company, 
of New York, and 
the agency is one of 
the most important 
in the gift of the 
company, its terri- 
tor\' covering Mis- 
souri, Oklahoma and 
Indian Territory, a 
sectitni that contains 
more ])atrons of the 
Mutual Life than 
any other life insur- 
ance concern can 
boast. Mr. Baker is 
considered one of the most expert and best posted 
life insurance men in St. Louis. He has forced 
his way to the front with very little outside 
assistance, and with nothing but his pluck and 
energv to assist him, and is now regarded as 
not only an insurance expert, but also as an 
exceptionally valuable citizen and general worker 
for good. 

He was married Mav, ISTii, to Miss Prances 
Rilev, of Rome, New York. Mrs. Baker died 
August ">, 1881, leaving three children — Maud, 
Henry E. and George S. 



JAHES E. BAKER. 

■ilV of 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Drew, Francis A., the third sou of William 
Henry Drew, of Lisinore, Waterford county, 
Ireland, was born June 7, 1S48. He, with his 
Inothers, was educated by a private tutor until 
the former was fifteen years of age, when he was 
sent to the college of the Trappist Monks, at 
Mount Melleray, remaining there as a pupil 
until he was seventeen. In order to complete 
his studies he was sent to the Catholic I'ni- 
versity of Ireland, and whilst there determined 
to take up the study of medicine. Successfully 
passing the examination for entrance, he was 
given the benefit of lectures at the University 
School of Medicine, and for hospital practice 
attended the Mercer Street, Mater Misericordia 
and St. Vincent hospitals. He had as fellow- 
students at this time many men who afterward 
rose to distinction as members of the Parlia- 
mentary ])arty of Ireland, such as John and 
William Dillon, O'Connor, Fottrel and Dawson, 
and also Henry D'Arcy, who became a promi- 
nent member of the St. I^ouis bar. 

During the Fenian excitement of l.Si>7-().S, 
Mr. Drew, with other students of the universit\-, 
was suspected with being in s\-mpath\- with the 
movement, and not wishing to incur the dis- 
pleasure of the authorities, h.e determined to 
leave his nati\-e land. Heing informed that the 
position of house surgeon in a hospital at Lima, 
Peru, was at the disposal of the famous Dr. 
Stapleton, of Dublin, he made application for 
the place, but on account of his }outh the 
jietition was not granted, and this operated to 
fix his determination to go to New York, to 
which city his friend and fellow-student, Henry 
D'Arc\-, shortly followed him. Remaining in 
New York only a short time, he came on to St. 
I-,ouis, where he settled, and after undergoing 
all the disap])ointments which new arrivals 
generally experience, he got a position as l)ook- 
keeper in a paint, oil and glass house. 

There, by applicatiini and hard work, he 
learned enough of the glass business to warrant 
liim in starting independently for himself, and 
with the aid of his friends he secured the agency 
for one of the oldest plate and window glass im- 
porting houses in New York, combining with 



this the agency for a foreign encaustic tile com- 
pany, and opening an office in the Insurance 
Building, at Fifth and Olive, laid the foundation 
of his present business. Finding his business 
growing, he, at the end of the first year, opened 
a store on Sixth street, between St. Charles and 
Locust, where he remained four years and then 
mo^'ed to Seventh and St. Charles streets. 
There he remained twelve years, or until, to 
meet the requirements of the enlarged business, 
a mo\-e became necessary to the present splen- 
did building at Twelfth and ,St. Charles streets. 
The firm is incorporated under the style of the 
F. A. Drew Glass Company, with Mr. Drew as 
its president. 

Mr. Drew is socially inclined, and is a member 
of the L^niversity, Mercantile and .Marquette 
clubs; he is a director of the Merchants' Na- 
tional Bank, is a director of tlie Mercantile 
Library .\ssociation, and is also treasurer of the 
Catholic ( )rphans' Board. 

Though his father was a Protestant up to the 
time of his marriage, and although he never 
completeh- severed his connection with that 
church, he allowed the mother, who was a 
member of the Catholic church, to bring up all 
the children in that faith; consequently, Mr. 
Drew has been and is now a Catholic. .Although 
his \-iews are not of the extreme sort, he sub- 
scribes to the political principles of the Repub- 
lican part)'. 

On September ^, l.ST:^, he was married to 
F'mma L. Barnett, .second daughter of Oeorge I. 
Barnett b\' his first wife, who was a daughter of 
Kdwin Lewis, surgeon in the Royal Nav\' of 
(ireat Britain and Ireland, and who at the time 
of his marriage was in active service on board 
Her Majesty's Ship L2niuloiig. Mr. Drew is the 
father of ele\-en children, seven girls and four 
lx)\s, all of whom, with the exception of one, 
who died recently, are li\-ing. 

( )wing t(_) his uni\ersit\- training he is a man 
of liberal education, which has been polished by 
extended travels throughout this country and 
F'urope. He is .still quite a student and takes 
a great interest in all intellectual and literary 
questions. 




v^lC vl. \ 




■*^>^wviMr 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



vScHXHLLH, August H., sou of Christopher H. 
and Margaret Elizabeth (Eversmann) Schnelle, 
was born near Dayton, Ohio, December 22, 
is;;;i. His parents moved to St. Louis wlien he 
was four years of age. Until he was twelve he 
attended a private school, after which he studied 
at the Jefferson Public School for two years. 

He commenced work with Mr. Alexander 
Riddle in the lumber business in 1858. Young 
Mr. vSchnelle remained with him for four )ears, 
d\uing which time he acquired much valuable 
knowledge concern- 
ingthe business. He 
then resigned his 
position and went 
through a business 
course at Jones' 
Commercial College, 
after which he ac- 
cepted a position 
with Mr. James D. 
Leonard, who trans- 
acted a large lumber 
business under the 
supervision of Mr. 



Schnelk 



•ho had 



full charge of the 
business at the time. 
He remained with 
M r. Leonard f or 



time 



ith the 




large that it was decided to incorporate a com- 
pany under the laws of the State. The new 
corporation was named the Schnelle & Ouerl 
I^umber Company, with Mr. Schnelle as presi- 
dent and Mr. Ouerl as treasurer. The business 
having entirely outgrown its quarters, it moved 
to the present commodious premises occupied 
by it on the corner of Main and Angelica streets. 
Mr. Schnelle's career has been a very pros- 
perous one. The firm of which he is president 
is now carrying on a very extensive and profit- 
ab le lumber bu si- 
ness, with connec- 
tions at very distant 
points, besides a lo- 
cal trade of great 
magnitude. He has 
made his way in the 
world by indnstr\- 
and by attending 
stricth' to his own 
affairs. He has been 
repeatedly urged to 
enter political life 
and run for office. 



It h 



as stead 1 1 \- 



refused andhasneN'er 



cen auv 



Mr. Schi 



Miss Sop 



L. 



management of the 

business, and when 

in I f^fi'S he decided to start in business for himself, 

I here was nothing in connection with the lumber 

business that was worth knowing that was a 

sealed book to Mr. Schne'Ue, who had over 

fifteen years experience in the lumber trade. 

Associatinghimsc-lf with .Mr. Charles I-. Oner), 
they purchased llie Wilkinsun-Hryan lumber 
\ard on the northwest corner of Highth and 
Mnllanphy .streets, where the new firm carried 
on business for a sliort time and then mo\ed to a 
more convenient location on Main and Destre- 
han .streets. In 1881 the business became .so 



AUGUST H. SCH^EIJ 



.\u.t 
Ron 



Crothers, of Natch- 
ez, IMississipjn. The 
ed with four children — 
iam C, Airnes !•;., and 



Maktix, Johx Ikwix, was born May 21, 
isi.s, in St. Louis, .Mis.souri. His parents were 
William and I'rances (Irwin) .Martin. He 
attended the public schools until he was four- 
teen years old, and then worked for his father 
in the drayage business, keei)ing books and 
superintending the business, and not hesitating, 
when it was necessary, to drive a dray hini.self. 



412 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



He then held the position of shii)ping clerk and 
salesman for the connnission house of Theodore 
Kleinschmidt 6c Company; was then employed 
as salesman by T. A. Anderson & Company, 
commission merchants, and then as salesman 
for George Bain & Company for several years. 

During the years of 1873-74, he was in the 
grain, commission and agricultural implement 
business on his own account. He soon built up 
au extensive business, and at the St. Louis Fair 
of 1873 was awarded the second premium for 
the largest display of agricultural imi^leraents 
in the United States. In 1875 he failed in busi- 
ness on account of having extended credit to 
the farmers of Missouri and Kansas, who were 
unable to meet their debts because of the de- 
struction of their crops by the grasshoppers. 
He refused to take advantage of the bankruptcy- 
law, turned everything over to his creditors and 
retired from business. 

He then read law in the office of R. S. McDon- 
ald. During this time he aided in forming the 
[Missouri Artificial Stone and Paving Company, 
of which R. vS. McDonald was president; Hon. 
Nicholas M. Bell was secretary and treasurer, 
and Vi.x. ?klartin was superintendent and busi- 
ness manager. This conqiany filled many large 
contracts for paving the streets. 

In 187(1 Mr. Martin was admitted to the bar 
by the judges of the St. Louis Circuit Court, 
Judge Liudley presiding. In 1M7!I he was ad- 
mitted to ])ractice before the United States Su- 
preme Court, on motion of Hon. Montgomer\- 
Blair. 

Since that time Mr. Martin has given almost 
his entire time and attention to the practice of 
law, his business 1/eing largeh' the defense in 
criminal cases. In this Ijranch of the law he 
has won a high reputation, ha\-iug been engaged 
in many of the most notable and important 
cases that have been tried in this city, among 
which were the Chinese Highbinder cases, 
the Milton Neal and Maxwell-Preller cases. 

In is.s;) Mr. Martin formed a partnership 
with Mr. vSimou .S. Bass, later Mr. Carr joining 
the firm, which is one of the most successful in 
this city of strong firms and able lawyers. 



Although an active Inisiness man before 
entering the legal profession, and a busy, hard- 
working lawyer since. Air. Alartin has found 
time to give a good deal of attention to politics, 
and is always ready to respond to the call of his 
party, and he has frequently been honored by it. 
He was elected to the Legislature in 1872; 
re-elected in 1874, and again in 187(5. At the 
session in 1.S74-7.") he was elected speaker pro 
tempore, and frequenth" presided over the 
House, always acquitting himself with great 
credit. During his entire legislative career he 
was assigned to important committees and 
proved himself a careful, industrious legislator. 

Before Mr. Martin attained his majority he 
was president of "The Red Rangers," one of 
the largest political clubs e\-er organized in the 
city. In l.S7(_) he was the member of the City 
Democratic Committee from the Ninth Ward; 
was the first member of the Democratic State 
Committee from the E'ghth District, and served 
in that capacity for eight years. In 1884 he 
was the Democratic elector from the Eighth 
District. In addition to his services for the Dem- 
ocratic party in his own State, Mr. Martin 
has canvassed the States of Illinois, Indiana and 
Ohio in the presidential campaigns of 1M84 and 
bS'SS^ speaking man)- times from the same plat- 
form with Thomas A. Hendricks. 

Mr. Martin is prominent in the work of \ari- 
ous fraternal and bene\-olent societies. He has 
been the orator for the Ancient Order of United 
Workmen for several years; is Past Grand Com- 
mander of the Legion of Honor of Mi.s.souri; is 
Past Grand and present Grand Dictator of the 
Knights of Honor of Missouri, besides being a 
member of other orders in which he has exer- 
cised executive functions. 

Mr. Martin was jnarried June 11, 1S7l\ to 
Miss Clara La Barge, daughter of Captain 
Charles La Barge, of the old La Barge line of 
steamers, who lost his life many years ago in 
the explosion of the steamer Saluda. 

ScHKKR, Jacob, is of Teutonic origin and 
extraction, ha\-ing been born in ISolienhcim und 
Berg, Ciermau}-, October 2<i, ISLl. His parents 



n/OGR.lPIflCAL APPENDIX. 



4ir 



were l"'raii/, a 
Mr. Scheer v 
pul)lic schools 



■X Margarethe 
s educated ii 
afterward lea 



Seltsoii ) Scheer. 
(rerniaiu- at the 
ling the trade of 



wagon maker. 

In is;')?, .seeking for a wider field, he em- 
grated to America, coming direct to .St. \^o\\\> 
where he worked at his trade until the sprin 
of lcS4(), when he started in business for hinise 
as wagon maker, at the corner of .Sixtli an 
Chestnut streets. He continued to carr\- o 
tile business of wagon making until the suuimt: 
of bS'S"), when, hav- 
ing amassed a com- 
petency, and having 
seen all of his chil- 
dren married and 
comfortablx- settled 
in life, he retired 
and was succeeded 
in l)usiuess by his 
si Ml, Louis Scheer. 

Mr. Scheer is a 
fine illustratioi 
spent 
toiling 
fully ill early 
now in his old age, 
he is reaping its 
liar\est, and in his 
comfortable litime, 
at L'l!2!l Bernard 
street, himself and 
the comijaiiidu and 
sharer of his sor- 
rows and joys are 
]-)caccfully spend 



■11- 



Aftt 



of a 
ife. 
mail- 
life, 




g the remainder of thei 



(la\-; 



Mr. vScheer was n 
tu Miss IClizabeth 
union has been six i 
daughters. In l^!? 1 
to see the land of his 
visiting the scenes :i 

KiianM':R, An; 
I'.oanl of luhicatioi 
member of the firir 



larried Se])teiiil)er 17, ls;;s. 
Stork. The result of this 
diildreu — two sons and lour 
, he took a trip to Germany 
birth, and spent six months 
nd friends of his vouth. 



T H. 
of th 
.f Kir 



th 



.S: Ki 



architects, was liorn in the \ear l^'i.s, in the 
city of St. Louis. 

He is too \\ell known to reciuire aii\' introduc- 
tion into a history of St. Louis. He is a mem- 
ber of that grand profession that does more in 
the education of mankind in general than at 
first appears to the disinterested observer. 

Of all the arts, architecture is the most use- 
ful; it is so pre-eminently useful, when compared 
with any of the other arts, that they appear 
almost entirely of a different nature. 

Within its scoj^jc, 
all of the otlier arts 
are enumerated. 
Hiigineering, one of 
its factors, added to 
it within recent 
years only, now 
forms one of its 
chief accinirements; 
besides, financiering 
must be included as 
one of the accom- 
l)lishmeiits of the 
architect of to-day. 
Xo one single in- 
dustry or pn.ifession 
sn hngelv cnntril.- 
ules In the welfare 
of man as architect- 
ure. 

T o - (1 a >• , the 
science of medicine, 
;cHNER. as far as sanitary 

appliances are con- 
cerned, must be compassed b>- the architect. In 
fact, none but those of the broadest intellect can 
achieve success in the field of architecture to-day. 

The standing in the c 
ject of our sketch, still 
sufTicient reference to tin 
no further comment h\m 

Cki:vki.i.v<;, William 
the j)ushiiig, progressiv 
so materially to the wealt 
prosperity of this metropoli 



inmunit\- 


of the sub- 


oung 


in 


vears, forms 


geuer; 
us. 


IP 


iblic to need 


.'l.l-'.M, 


j^ . 


fair l\pe of 


\1)11U 


g men who add 


th an 


1 s 


)lid business 


olis of 


the .Mississippi 



414 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Valley. He is the son of Henry C. and .Mar- 
garet ( DeWitt ) Creveling, and was born at 
Morrow, Ohio, April 2, 1857. 
, In 18r)8, while but an infant, his parents re- 
moved to St. Louis, making it their permanent 
home. He attended the public schools of the 
citv for a number of years, going from there to 
the Washington University. At the age of 
nineteen he left the latter institution to engage 
in business, securing a position with the Wig- 
gins Ferry Company, of which his father was a 
prominent stockholder, and remaining with the 
fcrr\- company nine years. 

In December, 188H, he engaged in the car- 
riage business on his own responsibility at X'-rli 
(^live street; in 1887, one year later, he built 
his present commodious establishment, 2007 
Lucas place. 

^Ir. Creveling has for a number of years taken 
an active part in all political affairs, and is an 
ardent Democrat. For six years, from 1.S7.S to 
1S84, he was central committeeman for both 
congressional and city in the Eighteenth ward, 
discharging all the manifold duties of the posi- 
tion with entire satisfaction to the party to 
which he is allied. He is also a strong patron 
of the turf, with a love for blooded stock, l)eing 
a director of the Missouri Breeders' Association, 
and at his stock farm ( Blue Star), eleven miles 
from the city on the Clayton road, he keeps a 
superb stock of trotting horses, as well as Jer- 
se\- cattle and other fine stock. He is also a 
member of tlie vSt. Louis Trotting Association. 

He was married June L'>, 1.S78, to Aliss .\nnie 
Hyde. The issue of this union has been se\en 
children, four boys and three girls. 

O'vShka, Jo.SKPH M., is of Celtic origin, his 
father, Dennis O'Sliea, coming from Limerick, 
Ireland, while the name of his mother before 
her marriage was Mary Sullivan. Joseph ^L 
O'Shea was born in Dubuque, Iowa, -\pril 7, 
l.*S44. He received his pre]iaratory education in 
the schools of Ferryville, Missouri, completing 
the same at the Jesuit College of St. Louis. He 
considered his talents suited to a mercantile 
career, and after leaving school spent se\eral 



years in commercial pursuits, and finally located 
at Union, Missouri. 

The citizens of that town within a few years 
recognized his worth, and in Lstiii he was 
elected collector and deputy sheriff of Frank- 
lin county. LTpon the expiration of his four 
years' term, during which he developed such 
capacity as a public official that the people 
elected him to the more responsible position of 
circuit clerk, an office he held two terms, 
covering a period of eight years. At the expi- 
ration of this period he spent several years in 
tra\eling, but in I.S.SH he accepted the appoint- 
ment as deputy chief inspector-of grain. 

His chief resigned in 18il0, and Wx. O'Shea 
was ai^pointed in his place to fill the unexpired 
terra of eight months, and at its expiration was 
appointed as his own successor for a term of 
four vears, which is yet unexpired. He is a 
verv influential citizen in I'nion, where he 
resides, and has been a member of its town 
council for au\- number of terms. Mr. O'.Shea is 
unmarried. 

Dorci.A.s, WalTKK Bond, was born at Bruns- 
wick, Missouri, December 20, 1S.')1. His gen- 
eral education was received at Westminster 
College, Fulton, Missouri. After he had earned 
the graduate's diploma of this institution he 
determined to embrace the law as his profession, 
and accordingly entered Harvard College, taking 
the law course and graduating therefrom in the 
class of l'S77, with the degrees of A.B. and 
LL.B. He then returned to his old home at 
Brunswick, but was prevented from opening a 
law practice by a dangerous term of illness, 
upon recovering from which he removed to St. 
Louis, where he has since resided. 

He began the practice of law as soon as he 
was settled, continuing at such alone until Jan- 
uary, 18.s;?, at which date he entered into part- 
nership with William H. Scudder, the firm 
being known as Douglas & Scudder, and attend- 
ing to a general civil practice. The firm has 
made a reputation for the careful manner in 
which it has assisted in the settlement of a 
number of big estates, among which was the 



lUOCRArniCAL APPENDIX. 



adiniuistration of tlie noted Ames estate, on 
wliicli, with Colonel Broadhead and (iiven Camp- 
bell, they have been engaged for the past eight 
years. They are now at work on the Sonlard 
will case, which is scarcely less important. 

IMr. Douglas married Miss Fannie B. Kimball, 
danghter of Benjamin Kimball, of this city, and 
has two children. 



vScHOTT, ArorsTrs 
:\Iary ( Rabba ) Schott 
(iennany, Jannar>- 
I'll, l.s.')(). His father 
was at that time ^i- 
gaged in mamifact- 
uring carriages at 
the German capital, 
and is now carrying 
on the same lousiness 
at .\lton, Illinois, 
where he located on 
coming to America. 

Angnstns attended 
tlic common schools 
at .\lton for a term of 
two }ears, and then 
entered Sheutleff 
College at Upper Al- 
ton, from which he 
graduated in d u e 
course. In bSTii he 
studied medicine 
under Doctor P. E. 
Johnson. Reentered 
t h c Hnmccopathic 
Medical College of .Mi.s: 
during the years 1S7I 
the s])riug of I'STiJ. 
in .\lton the same ; 
.St. Louis. 1 



H., son of (reorge 
was born in Hamb 




ouri, in which he studied 

'I and 1S72, graduating in 

He commenced practicing 

ear, and in ISSl mo\'ed to 

is,s;i he was elected to the chair 



DR. A. H. SCHOTT 



.f his .\h 
rhildren. 



a Mater as professor of diseases of 
In l.sss he was elected to the chair 
of i)rofessor of the theory of medicine, and in 
l«'H!i of the i)ractice of medicine, holding that 
position now. 

Doctor .Schott is attending ])h\sician of the 
Memorial Home and of the .Missouri Institute of 



Homoeopathy. He is a .Master .Mason and a 
prominent member of the local Legion of Honor, 
Royal Arcanum and .\. O. U. W. He is con- 
sidered as one of the leading homoeopathic phy- 
sicians of the West, and his treatment is regarded 
with great respect by his colleagues. He is an 
ardent believer in the principles first enunciated 
by Hahnemann, is jirominent in all discussions 
as to the best system of treatment of various 
diseases; his college lectures are exceptionally 
brilliant, and his opinion is sought constantly 
b\- students in the 
schools of medicine 
other than his own. 
Although his St. 
Louis practice is 
\ery large, he is fre- 
quently called out of 
the city in difScult 
and dangerous cases, 
and his brother phy- 
sicians in the West 
all ajipreciate his as- 
sist a n c e and a (1 - 
vice. 

He is very liberal 
in his \-icws, happy 
in liis ]iri\ate life, 
and a very popular 
cili/euiu every sense 
of the word. 

Dr. .Schott married 
in l>i7.'> Miss Lmma 
Xulson. He has four 
children, all girls. 
Pi'LLLS, .Arc.r.STf.s, son of 'riiomas R. and 
Harriet (Berdan) Pullis, was born in St. Louis, 
September 28, l.S4.'). He was educated in the 
public schools of St. Louis until .seventeen years 
of age, when he entered the iron foundry busi- 
ness, then being carried on by his father and 
uncles, with a \-ie\v of learning the trade of 
machinist. He served as aiijirentice for four 
\ears, and remained with the lu)use until 1.^74, 
when he became a member of the firm, which 
was from that time known as T. R. Pullis vS: 
Sons. On the death of .Mr. Pullis .senior, in 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



1H7.S, the business was continued by the sons, 
under the uame of Pullis Brothers, by which 
name it is still known, although durino; the last 
fifteen years it has increased in importance so 
rapidly that it is difficult to imagine that it is 
the outgrowth of the comparatively small estab- 
lishment of the seventies. 

The brothers are the proprietors of the Mis- 
sissippi Iron Works Foundry, with an office at 
1208 S. Seventh street, and covering over half a 
block, with frontage on Seventh, Eighth and 
Hickory streets. The works turn out an enor- 
mous quantity of iron andiron goods every year, 
and are shipping their products to every State 
in the West and vSouth, and also to ^lexico. 
The business was established fifty-three years 
ago by the father of the present owners, and 
their uncles. It is hence almost the oldest iron 
establishment in the city, having been estab- 
lished in 1839, and is one of the oldest and larg- 
est in the West. The output of iron manu- 
factured goods in vSt. Louis increased between 
the years of IX.SO and 1890 from about 
$4,000,000 to considerably over $5,000,000, and 
a large share of this increase in the annual out- 
put was enjoyed by the Mississippi Iron Works 
Foundry. The foundry makes a specialty of 
agricultural, ornamental and structural iron 
work, and has a \ery high reputation for first- 
class work and elegance of design. Air. 
Augustus Pullis is in charge of the St. Louis 
office and of the enormous works attached to it, 
his brother and partner having gone to Chicago 
early in 1892 to manage the branch of the firm 
established there. 

Mr. Pullis married on vSeptember 27, 1872, 
Miss Angeline Somerville, of St. Louis. Mr. 
Pullis is quite a prominent St. Louisan, and his 
famih- is prominent in the West and South Kuds. 

Pullis, Tiio.MA.s R., son of Thomas R. and 
Harriet ( Berdan) Pullis, was born in St. Louis, 
December 11, 1850. His father had moved 
from New York City in 1X39, and had laid the 
foundation for the firm now known as Pullis 
Brothers at the time of the birth of the subject 
of this .sketch. Young Thonuis attended the 



public schools of this city and entered the St. 
Louis University, where he studied until seven- 
teen years of age, when he went into his father's 
employ and remained about four years in various 
confidential capacities. When twenty-one years 
of age he was admitted into the firm, which was 
known as the T. R. Pullis & vSons until the 
year 1.S7.S, when Mr. Thomas R. Pullis. vSr., 
died, and the firm name was changed to Pullis 
Brothers, with Augustus and Thomas R. as sole 
proprietors. 

Mr. T. R. Pullis took an active part in the 
management of the Mississippi Iron Works 
F'ouudry, taking a special interest in the large 
works of extension which became necessary as 
the business of the works increased. Early in 
the year 1892 the immense amount of business 
coming from Chicago and the Northwest made 
it necessary to open a branch establishment in 
Chicago, and Mr. Thomas R. Pullis went to 
that city to take charge of the branch. He re- 
ports rapid increase of orders, and is figuring on 
some contracts of an unusually exteusi\'e char- 
acter. 

In the year 1878 Mr. Pullis married Miss 
Cora Marshall, of St. Louis county, and prior 
to going to Chicago occupied a very pleasant 
residence at No. 200'S Rutger street. He is a 
very popular man in vSt. Louis, and the neces- 
sitv of his moving to Chicago was much regret- 
ted by many friends. It is hoped that when he 
has fully established the new branch he will 
return to St. Louis and reside again among his 
numerous friends. 

Roo.s, Lkon.\rd, .son of Leonard and Eleanor 
( Liszt) Roos, was born at Baden, (yermany, in 
1<S3;>. He was educated in his nati\-e city and 
went through a course of study in the high 
schools of Baden. Leaving school when quite 
young he entered heartily into the fur business, 
which he commenced to learn very thoroughl\-. 
His education in this industry was cut short by 
the re\oIution of 1S49, when his family left 
I.adeu and came to .\mcrica. The\' settled in 
Newark, New Jersey, and young Roos secured 
employment in the trade of his choice in New 



niOdRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



417 



York City, where he worked until l.S(il, when 
lie was again disturbed by revolutionary troubles, 
this time being the civil war. 

He at once enlisted in the Union army. He 
saw much acti\-e service and exhibited conspic- 
uous bravery, especially at the battle of Antie- 
tam, on September 17, 18()2, when he was 
dangerously wounded. After leaving the hos- 
l)ital he was discharged from further service 
on account of disability, and he returned to New 
York, where, on regaining his health, he resumed 
his work in the fur trade. 

In the year 1867 Mr. Roos came to St. Louis 
and established himself in business at the cor- 
ner of Fourth street and Washington avenue, 
where he speedily built up a good trade. He 
started in with -small capital, but being a 
practical furrier and the originator of a num- 
ber of new ideas, he soon attracted attention, 
and before he had been in the business many 
years had a larger amount of trade than he 
could well attend to. In 1887 he incorpo- 
rated the business. The Tveonard Roos Fur 
Company was incorporated with a capital stock 
of $50,()0(), with very spacious quarters at No. 
;')12 Locust street. The company carries one of 
the largest and most costly stocks of furs to be 
found in the West, or indeed in any part of the 
country, and its agents in different States are 
always prepared to purchase rare and handsome 
skins and furs. The window is one of the 
handsomest in the city, and is pointed out to 
visitors as one of the local attractions. At the 
Exposition Mr. Roos has spared no expense or 
trouble in preparing designs and exhibits of the 
most magnificent character. He was among the 
first to appreciate the value of moving figures, 
and his display has been looked upon for some 
years as practically an exposition of itself. 

As will be seen from this sketch, ]\Ir. Roos 
has built up his own career. During the last 
tweuty-five years he has established a fur busi- 
ness of exceptionally large proportions, and b\- 
strict attention to business principles has accu- 
mulated, if not a large fortune, at least a hand- 
some competency. He has sold high-priced 
furs to New York millionaires, as well as to the 



wealthy men of the Pacific Slope, and, indeed, 
to connoisseurs in all parts of the countrv. lit- 
is now one of the leading men of St. Louis. 
He is a proniiuent member of the Frank 1'. IJlair 
Post, (t. a. R., the Legion of Honor, the I'liiou 
Veteran Legion, the Gentlemen's Driving Club, 
the Liederkranz vSociety and the Turner Society. 

H.VVDOCK, WlIXIAM ThOMPSOX, SOU of Zeuo 

and Hannah (Thompson) Haydock, was born 
at Monrovia, Indiana, January 1, l.S4.">. His 
parents moved to Warren county, Ohio, when lie 
was quite young, and his early education was 
received in the public schools of Wafren 
county. He attended the Southwestern .State 
Normal, at Lebanon, Ohio, where he graduated 
in the year ISCU. 

He then taught school for ten years, and in the 
year 1.S74 joined his brother, Mr. T. T. Hay- 
dock, who was in the carriage manufacturing 
business at Cincinnati, and the firm became 
known as the T. T. Haydock Carriage Company. 
In 1-H77 William T. Haydock and his brother 
Daniel W. Haydock came to St. Louis and 
established a carriage factor\- at the corner of 
Third street and Chouteau avenue, where the\- 
carried on the business as Haydock Brothers 
with great success. They continued business 
here under the same name, Haydock Brothers, 
until 1884 when Mr. D. W. Haydock withdrew. 

For nine }ears Mr. W. T. Haydock has con- 
tinued the business of Haydock Brothers as 
sole proprietor. He remained at the Third street 
and Chouteau avenue locationuntil the year 1888, 
by which time his trade had increased so rapidly 
that he was compelled to move into a more mod- 
ern and roomy quarter. He accordingly built 
for himself a magnificent factory at Fourteenth 
street and Papin avenue and moved into it. 

The factory is thoroughly equipped with mod- 
ern machinery in every department, and is not 
onh- the largest and best equipped carriage fac- 
tory in St. Louis, but is absolutely unexcelled 
in the entire West. He remained .sole proprie- 
tor of the firm until his death in I8iia, and the 
output of carriages of the highest and best 
grades was exceedingly large. 



4 IS 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



In addition to liis vSt. Louis interests he was 
])rtsident of the T. T. Haydock Carriage Com- 
pany, of Cincinnati, Ohio, since 1885; president 
of the Cook Carriage Company, of Cincinnati, 
Ohio, since 1890; and he was also president of 
the American Cathedral Glass Company, of 
Anderson, Indiana. Mr. Haydock was for many 
years qnite prominent in St. Lonis, and was in 
the foregronnd in every movement affecting the 
citj-'s interest. He was a prominent member of 
the executive committee of the Aiitumnal Festi\'- 
ities Association, and was also a member of the 
Mercantile, the St. Louis and the Union clubs. 

He was a member of the Lafayette Presby- 
terian Church, and served on the board of 
trustees for that institution. His standing was 
such, even in Cincinnati, where he had not 
resided since 1877, that he was at the time of 
his death president of the Carriage Makers' Club 
of that city. 

Mr. Haydock was married on August 4, ISHo, 
to Miss Emilie Lewis, of New Vienna, Ohio, and 
has two children. His daughter married Mr. J. 
P. Camp, the manager of the Haydock carriage 
factories at St. Louis; and Oscar Haydock is 
connected with his family's business interests in 
this city. Mr. W. T. Haydock's health failed 
him last year and he died after a brief illness. 

Bakkr, Joseph Edwin, one of the authorities 
on life insurance in this city, and a prominent 
man in business or professional circles generally, 
is nearh- fifty-two years of age, he having been 
l)nru in Saratoga county, New York, on August 
■1\, \M-1. His father was Mr. Joseph Baker, 
and his mother's maiden name was Alma 
Hendricks. Although an eastern man by birth, 
Mr. Baker is i-eally western in education as well 
as sentiment, for while he was still an infant his 
fauiih- moved to Illinois and settled in LaSallc 
county, in the connnon schools of which Joseph 
E. was educated. He then entered Sandwich 
Academy, where he graduated at the age of 
eighteen. 

In the .same year, 18(;(), he accepted a position 
as school teacher, and taught school for one 
year. Having a preference for a more active 



life, he then entered the agricultural implement 
and reaping business, with which he was con- 
nected for a jjeriod of seven years. In l.S7o Mr. 
Baker moved to St. Louis, having accepted a 
special agency here for Andrews & Company, 
the well-known school furniture house. His 
work was so satisfactory that he was soon pro- 
moted to the position of manager for the firm. 
Again his efforts were \-ery successful, and he 
finallv made up his mind to start in Imsiness 
for himself. 

At the end of three years he had built up a 
very valuable connection and made a consider- 
able sum of money, and ^Ir. (i. H. Thompson, 
the extensive dealer in picttire frames and mold- 
ings, then made him a \-ery tempting offer 
to assume charge of his city business. After 
some hesitation Mr. Baker accepted the offer, 
and retained the position until the year 1880, 
when be finally connected himself with the jiro- 
fession in which he has subsequently attained 
such distinction. 

His first work in the insurance business was 
as special agent for the Mutual Life of New 
York. In 1887 he was appointed superintend- 
ent of agencies for the same firm, and this jiosi- 
tion he retained until 1889, when he became a 
member of the firm of Sherman, Son &: Bakers. 
His connection with the firm led to a great in- 
crease in its business, and when in bSil:> it 
became reorganized as Baker Brothers, it was 
one of the largest general ageuc\- businesses in 
the \Vest. During the last two years it has 
continued to inci'ease in importance, and now 
takes leading rank in this and adjoining States. 
The subject of this sketch is the active manager 
of the business, and is regarded as an expert in 
insurance questions generally. He has found 
time during his busy life to dispense consider- 
able charity in an unostentatious manner, and 
he is one of the leading pr<.)fessioual men of the 
cit>-. 

Mr. Baker married, on August Hi, 18(i4, Miss 
\\'aity O'Dennis, of Somanauk, Illinois. He 
has two children — ISIarcia E. and LeRoy, and 
resides with his family in an elegant residence 
on Allen a\enue. 




^a:. 



a-^^^y^-^€^ 



BIOCIiAPinCAI. APPENDIX. 



41<.) 



Ma 



CuRiSTopiri'iR, Jacor, sou of Jacol) 
(Arensburi^ ) Cliristopher, was born ()cl()1)er 11, 
Xt^il , ill France, just across the Hue from llie 
city of Strassburg, aud withiu a few yards of tlie 
tlicu Germau frontier. His father was a fanner, 
and when he was about six years of age the 
family came to America and settled in New 
( )r]eans. After a short sojourn in the extreme 
vSontli tliev mo\-ed to Louis\-i]le, and it was in 
the public schools of that city that Jacob 
recei\-ed his primary education and training. 

At the age of six- 
teen he left school 
and did general work 
in I^ouisville until 
the year 1845, when 
he was apprenticed 
to learn the moldcrs' 
trade. He served 
f(.)r two years aud 
then as a journey- 
man until the }ear 
IS .")(), when he came 
to vSt. Louis and 
secured a position in 
Haslett's foundry, 
where he was fore- 
man for four years, 
and then became 
connected with the 
estal)lishment of Mr. 
T. R. I'ullis, re- 
maining with that 
firm as foreman aud 
manager for a pe- 
riod considerably in excess of seventeen year 

In 187;-5 he started in business on a sm: 
scale at Park a\-euue and Ninth street, associa 
ing himself with Mr. \Vm. S. Sim]ison, und 
the firm name of ChvistoplKr X: Compan\-, ai 




JACOB CHklSTOPHRR 



in the year 
as the Ch 
Iron and 1- 
pher as p 
I'rom a v^ 



ISS: 
ristoi 



^: Simp 
Irv Coiupaiu', 
ent, a jiositio 



iiicorpon 
.\rcliitect 
Mr. Chri 

• still ho 



lte( 



•y small beginning the firm has 
grown into one of very large proportions, and 
the foundry now manufactures store fronts, jail 



work, railings, shutters, fire escapes and 
balconies, and all kinds of iron work for build- 
ers. It also makes a specialty of castings of 
every description, aud its work is of so high a 
character that it frciineiUly receives orders from 
cities very far removed from this point. The 
foundry was originally a small building, but 
thanks to the ceaseless energy of Mr. Christo- 
pher it is now one of the largest in the West, 
occupying an entire half block, with floor spaces 
of 2()IlxI")4 feet and 74x1 _'.') feet. It is equipped 
with e\-ery modern 
appliance for carry- 
ing on first-class 
work, and is able to 
execute orders of al- 
niost unlimited 
ainoiint with great 
rapidit>-. 

The career of Mr. 
Ch ristoplier has been 
in e\-ery resj^ect a 
highly creditable 
one. Tosa\thathe 
is a self-made man is 
to make use of an 
ever\-day e.xpres- 
sion which scarcely 
co\-ers the ground. 
When he first left 
school he was coni- 
l)elled to work for a 
livelihood and to be 
couleiit with \er\- 
small wages. He 
was ne\er, however, so poor but he was able to 
.save a trifle, and by practicing .strict economy 
he succeeded in amassing sufficient capital to 
commence in business for himself. His career 
since then has been one of steady ]n'ogress. The 
cit\- has grown with great rapidity duriug the 
IweiitN- \ears he has been at the head of the 
foundry, and he has seen to it that the ])rogress 
made by his establishment has been even more 
rapid than that of the great city in which he 



ides. Mr. Christopher is regarded generalh' 
St. Louis as an e.xceptionally sound and 



420 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



reliable man, and his example is one which any 
young man might follow with great advantage 
to himself. 

In 1«;J8 .Mr. Christopher married Miss Harriet 
Simpson, of Ohio. He has one son, Arthur. 

Root, Augustine Kilburn. — Although he 
has lived many years at Alton, Augustine K. 
Root has, during nearly half a century, been 
identified directly with the trade and commerce 
of St. Louis. Coming to Alton in 1849 he 
entered trade in a small way, and by industry 
and business talent attained a success which 
permits him to spend the latter years of his life 
in ease and plenty. He was born in Montague, 
Massachusetts, December 8, 1829, and is there- 
fore sixty-five years of age. His father, Elihu 
Root, was a member of a prominent family and 
was a man of ability; Kilburn, one of the names 
given to the subject of the sketch, was also the 
family name of his mother. In 1834, when 
Augustine was yet a child, the family removed 
to Craftsbury, \'ermont. In this village the lad 
attended the public schools until he was old 
enough to begin earning his own living. His 
commercial career was begun by clerking in a 
dry goods store in the village, a position only 
held a year, however, and then left it to accept 
a better position offered him in a store at Albany, 
\'erniont. 

But being- young and ambitious, he was filled 
with a desire to join the throng which was push- 
ing westward. At the end of a year's service 
in the Albany store, he yielded to such long- 
ings, and in October, 1849, reached Alton, Illi- 
nois, which was then a town of much more com- 
parative importance than now. He soon found 
a position as clerk in the stove and hardware 
store of A. Nelson, holding the situation until 
18;')3, and then severed such relations to accept 
a place with Topping Brothers, dealers in hard- 
ware. About two years later, another change 
was made, which resulted in his becoming a 
proprietor, instead of an employe. A partner- 
ship was formed with Mr. A. B. Piatt, and un- 
der the firm name of Root & Piatt opened a 
business in Alton, on Third street. 



When the war broke out Mr. Root became 
associated with J. H. Lamb, of Sjiringfield, Illi- 
nois, in furnishing beef to the army. After the 
close of the war Mr. Root returned to Alton and 
for a few >ears actively engaged in assisting his 
partner in the management of the business. 
When the firm was finally dissolved it was to 
permit Mr. Root to engage in the heavy hard- 
ware and agricultural implement business in St. 
Louis, at 113 South Main, under the style of 
A. K. Root. F'or three years this establishment 
existed and was very successful. The next busi- 
ness connection in which he became interested 
was with J. E. Hayuer & Company, general 
western agents for the Wood Harvester. This 
last named partnership was formed December 
2(1, 1.S7-2, and was continued up to January 1, 
1886, on which date Mr. Root, feeling that he 
had been in harness long enough, and having 
earned much more than a competency, retired 
from active business and sought his family's soci- 
ety at his beautiful home in Alton. Although he 
is out of business in the stricter sense of the 
word, he has his fortune in\-ested in a numl>er 
of enterprises, among which may be mentioned 
the St. Louis National Bank of this city, in 
which he is a heavy stockholder and a member 
of the board of directors. 

In St. Louis as well as Alton he stands high 
as a man of ripe business experience and sound 
judgment. In the pursuit of wealth he has 
always applied the strictest rule of integrity and 
honesty to the government of his course, and 
can pass his latter days cheered by the reflec- 
tion that he has successfully applied the 
"Golden Rule " to the methods of business life. 
In Alton he is a citizen wielding a well defined 
moral force, and is a respected member of the 
Unitarian Church of that place. He has a most 
interesting family, and two of his sons are 
already actively engaged in business. His wife, 
Harriet E. , to whom he was married December 
20, l.S(i.-), is the daughter of Capt. N. J. Eaton, 
for thirty years a member of the Board of Under- 
writers of this city. They have five children 
living. Henry E. is engaged in the pressed 
brick business at Dakota, Texas; George E. is 




C^'/'^/iJ^ 



nn )(;raphical appendix. 



121 



a clerk in the lianlwaie establisliiiR-iit of the 
I'addock-Hawley Iron Company, of tliis city, 
and Ral]ili vS. is still at school. The names of 
the two dan.i^hters are Lillian A. and Harriet H. 
.Mr. Root cannot be looked npon as an old 
man, for he is still acti\e and ener,y;etic and the 
center of a large circle of personal friends and 
business acquaintances. 



lowii real 
that then 



DuKFV, JosKi'H .\., the \v 
estate dealer, was l)orn in the 1 
stood at the south- 
east corner of Fif- 
teenth and ()li\e, in 
this city, in lcS.").s. 
His parents were na- 
tives of Pennsylva- 
nia, and his father 
was a builder by oc- 
cupation. 

Mr. I)nff\- recei\ed 
his education at St. 
Louis University, 
where he graduated 
in IS?.'). His first 
employment after 
lea\-ing school was 
with Ciraff, Bennett 
^ Com])any, whole- 
sale dealers in iron, 
for whom he acted 
as salesman a short 
time. Quitting their 
employ he branched 
out into business for 

hiuLself, becoming a dealer and speculator in 
grain. This business was followed for a }ear, 
and from that he entered the mercantile broker- 
age business, buying or selling anvthing in 
which money could be made. 

This was a ])eriod of ambitious recklessness 
in the life of the subject of this biography, and 
within two years after beginning business as a 
mercantile broker he abandoned that line to 
open a real estate office. This was about ten 
years ago, and his prosperity and success since 
then have been virtuallv unbroken. 



JOSEPH A. DUFFY 



Mr. Duffy is essentially a self-made man. He 
.started out in life with a quarter of a dollar, and 
although he is still a young man, he has po.s.ses- 
sion of enough of this world's goods to be con- 
sidered very wealthy. Besides his real estate 
business Mr. Duff\- is connected with a variety 
of other public and private enterprises. He 
owns a splendid stock farm, worth $50,000, in 
Washington county, this State; he is a director 
of the Covenant Mutual Life Insurance Com- 
pany; is a director iu the International vStecl 
Post Company; a 
director of the vSt. 
Louis Art Institu- 
tion, and is a stock- 
-— »x.^_^ holder in the Jeffer- 

^^ sonP.ank. Although 

U ^ he is abo\-e c\-cry- 

,^fl|pB thing else a business 

^ SiF^y man, he has found 

"fxf time to travel, either 

on business or plea.s- 
ure, over almost 
every part of North 
America. 

M r . I) u ff \- w a s 
married in No\-em- 
ber, 1.SS4, to Miss 
:\Iartha Gartside, 
daughter of Josepli 
Gartside, of the Cknt- 
side Coal Company. 
Tliey have two very 
bright aiul intelli- 
gent children. 
^L B., is one of the leading 
investigators of titles to real estate in the city, 
and his is the oldest hou.se in that line in St. 
Louis. He is foremost also as a i)ractical and 
successful land law counselor. 

Mr. O'Reilly was born at Rathdawgan, in 
the Parish of Hacketstown, County Wicklow, 
Ireland, May 10, l«;-5iS. His father was .Michael 
O' Reilly , a native of Camolin Parish , Count>- Rex- 
ford. His mother, Mary Byrne, of Bernia, County 
Wicklow, was of the famous Byrne Clan of that 
county, whose surviving branch still holds (ilen 




O'Rk 



422 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Malure and other sites in the Eden county of 
old Irehmd, noted for their beauty and historic 
interest. Mrs. O'Reilly received confirmation 
at the hands of the great "J. K. L." — Dr. 
Dovle, the famous Bishop of Kildore and Leigh- 
ton. To the parents six children were born, 
two remain, the sole surviving representati\es 
of the family, Mr. M. B. O'Reilly and Rev. P. 
F. O'Reilly, A.M., a graduate of St. Louis 
University and later on alumnus of Gape Girar- 
deau and Carton colleges, the well-known priest 
and orator of this city. John, another brother, 
who died in 1!S()(>, was remarkable for talent 
and literary acquirements. He aided very 
materially in the incorporation as a munici- 
pality and the early development of East St. 
Louis. 

It was in October, l.S-4tl, that Mr. O'Reilly's 
parents left Ireland for St. Louis, embarking in 
the sailing vessel Anne McLestc}\ bound from 
Dublin to New Orleans. The vessel reached its 
destination within eight weeks and three days, 
and after a voyage varied by much rough 
weather and one more than commonly danger- 
ous storm. After a stay of a few days the 
family proceeded from New Orleans to St. Louis 
in a steamboat, Aleck Scoff, the same which 
was in the first days of the war con\-erted into 
the first ironclad — the handiwork of Captain 
luids. St. Louis was reached shorth- before 
Christmas, l.S4<S. 

Mr. (.)'Reilh's early education was pursued 
under the direction of a private tutor. Later 
he studied at Old College and at the night 
school of Washington University, and finally 
took the prescribed course at Jones' Commercial 
College, leaving there in l.s.'ilt with a certificate 
of proficiency. 

Mr. O'Reilly, prior to this date, contemplated 
entering on a commercial career, but on mature 
thought decided in favor of his present calling. 
In May, 1859, he obtained employment as clerk 
in the title investigating business of Peter J. 
Hurck, who was then at the head of one of the 
first and best land-title e.vamination houses in 
vSt. Louis. In ISUi; Mr. O'Reilly was admitted 
to full ]iartnershii) in the business, under the 



firm name of Hurck & O'Reilly. In order to 
perfect himself in every way for the require- 
ments of this responsible calling, Mr. O'Reilly 
gave himself up to the study of law, and was 
admitted to the bar by Hon. Irwin L. Smith, 
judge of the Circuit Court of St. Louis, ]\Iarch 
/), I'SiIS. Since then he has acted as counsel in 
a vast number of important land suits with 
marked success. He has confined his practice 
as counsel exclusively to land law matters. In 
1870 he purchased the interest of his partner, 
]\Ir. Hurck, and ever since has conducted the 
ever-growing business of an establishment which 
is among the greatest and most successful of its 
kind in the city. 

In 1867 Mr. O'Reilly married Mary C. Don- 
ovan, eldest daughter of the widely-known and 
esteenred Daniel H. Donovan of this city. The 
children of this marriage are six boys and three 
girls. Two are graduates of St. Louis Uni- 
versity, and one of Visitation Convent, while 
the younger children are still at school. Eugene 
and (lerald assist their father in business. 

In 1S,S2 Mr. O'Reilly made a tour of 
Europe, lasting some months, and brought back 
with him many treasures. Of early St. Louis 
he recounts, from experience and remembrance, 
the big fire of 1848 and the terrible cholera epi- 
demic of that year. As a lad he hunted in the 
woods on the west side of Thirtieth street 
between Washington a\-enue and Market street, 
and recalls the fact that there were no made 
streets in those da\'s west of Se\-enth street; 
neither has he forgotten the thrilling personal 
experiences of the " Knownothing " riots. 

]\Ir. O'Reilly has a decided and discriminat- 
ing artistic and literary taste, as is evidenced by 
his rare collection, few in number, but of choic- 
est character, of paintings old and new, and his 
library, rich in its severely choice collection of 
works, some of which bear dates four hundred 
years old. Though quiet in his habits he is a 
most entertaining host, and is known to his 
friends as a noble type of the true Christian 
gentleman. He is a Catholic, and is numbered 
in the list of nian\- Catliolic organizations of the 
city, religious, benevolent and social. He has 



IWW 




.m V 



f 




^/£M 




niOGRAPinCAL APPENDIX. 



been a lifc-Iont; Democrat, and wliik' acti\-e in 
all that pertains tn the pro.s^ress and pr()S]X'rit\- 
lit St. L<)nis, has never son^lit or held political 
iilTice. Me is connected with not a few of the 
most important and influential business institu- 
tions of the city. Ainono; the most prominent 
of these is the Fourth National IJank, of which 
he is a stockholder and a director. 



BOW.MAX, .SAMI'ia., 

years taken an acti\e pa 
nessof St. Louis, and 
he is one of the able 
manaj^ers and expert 
\aluers\vho have at- 
tracted outside capi- 
tal to the city and 
thus created an in- 
quiry after t(ood 



■^ for the last seven 
in the real estate busi- 



ijiert}-. The liis- 
y of' the real es- 
e world in St. 



Loui 



du 



o tl 




xanta.tfe of the e\enin<; schools and qualiried 
himself thoroughly for a commercial life by a 
course of study in Jones' Commercial College. 

At the age of si.xteen years he engaged in tlie 
real estate business with Messrs. Barlow, Valle 
& Bush. This firm remained in existence only 
three years, and Mr. Bowman then went with 
Isidor Bush into the management of the Bluffton 
Wine Company. This com])an\- a \car later, 
in l.S7(), sold out to Isidor Busli ^K: Company, in 
which Mr. Bowman was taken as a partner at the 
age of twenty. This 
firm was and is yet 
engaged in thenative 
wine lousiness in this 
city. In 1.S77 Mr. 
Bowman withdrew 
from the firm and 



been full of interest, 
though the real 
awakening to the 
value of property 
has taken place dur- 
ing the last ten years 
and especially while 
Mr. Bowman has 
been in actix'e 1insi- 
ness as an agent and 5amuel bowman. 

operator. 

Mr. vSamuel Bowman was born in Weston, 
Platte county, Mi.ssouri, on February 'l\, IcS,")], 
his father, David Bowman, having been engaged 
in mercantile business in the city since 1>>I7. 
At an early age he had the misfortune to lose 
his father, and the widowed mother remoxed to 
St. Louis in June, 1858, where he receix-ed a 
common school education in the public schools. 
.\ctuated by a desire to aid his mother in main- 
taining her family, he quit scliool at the age of 
thirteen years and began life as an errand-boy. 
Being of a studious turn of mind he t(«jk ad- 



estal 


ilished the 


firn 


ofB( 


wmau&Bleyer 


and 


later the 


Bow 


mau 


Distilling 


Com 


l.an> 


, all of whicl 


firm.'- 


comman 


led ; 


large patronag 


e. 


Tl 


lis line of 


busi 


ness 


becomini 


I nn 



congenial, Mr. Bow- 
man, in 1.SS7, estab- 
lished himself in the 



ate business. 



the fir 



X: Compain 



Tb 



terprise and energy, contributed in a large degree 
to the activity which has characterized St. Louis 
real estate during the past five years. Being a 
thorougli belie\-er in the \irtue of ])rinter's ink, 
Mr. Bowman has by its aid built up a real 
estate business which ranks with the largest in 
this city. He is progressive in liis iiietliods and 
enjoxs the confidence of the entire business 
coinmnnity. 

Mr. Bowman was married in December, 1<S7.S, 
to .Miss Tillie Sdiiele, and has a familv .,f four 
chihlren. 



424 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOVIS. 



O'SuLLivAX, John, son of James O. and 
Margaret (McCarthy) O'Sullivan, was born in 
County Kerry, Ireland, in 1830. He attended 
McCarthy College until fourteen years of age, 
when with three elder brothers he came to this 
country. He settled at Worcester, Massachu- 
setts, where he clerked in the wholesale grocery 
house of Dixey & Company eight years. He 
then accepted a position as book-keeper for a 
large lumber firm at Albany, New York, and 
soon showed such steadiness and aptitude for 
the work that he was appointed manager. For 
five years he filled this position faithfully, act- 
ing on the policy that there is no limit to the 
future of a young man who does his duty fear- 
lessly and honesth-. 

In 1860, acting on the advice of several of his 
old country friends, he located in Milwaukee 
and, as he had saved a large percentage of his 
wages, opened a lumber yard there and soon 
showed what there was in him. His executive 
ability was so marked that not only did he form 
a very valuable business connection, but he 
was also called upon for public service. He was 
elected to the Board of Education, on which he 
served for over four years, during which time he 
effected some valuable reforms and especially 
labored in the interests of economy. His fellow- 
citizens then insisted upon his turning his at- 
tention to municipal government. Afterwards 
he was elected to the Council for four consecu- 
tive terms. His eight years' record was a clean 
and memorable one. While doing work for his 
fellow-citizens he did not neglect his own biisi- 
ness, but his disinterestedness and public spirit 
were shown in a measure in which the Grand 
Haven Steamship Company applied for several 
thousand feet on the river front for dock pur- 
poses, Mr. O'Sullivan favored the application, 
because he believed the benefit to the cit}- would 
be very large, although its granting would in- 
volve the practical destruction of his own splen- 
did yard. Through his disinterested advocacy 
the company secured the franchise, and as a 
result he had to reduce his s^tock. Shortly after- 
wards, in 1.S77, he sold out his business and 
moved to .St. Louis, of which place he has been 



an honored citizen ever since. He at once as- 
sociated himself with j\Ir. Joseph O'Neil, and 
organized the O'Neil Lumber Company, with 
Mr. Joseph O'Neil as president, Mr. O'Sullivan 
as vice-president and business manager. Mr. 
O'Sullivan remained with this company for six 
years, and then in 1883 established himself in 
the lumber business on Spruce street, from 
where he moved to his present location, at I'XHI 
Clark avenue. He is one of the influential citi- 
zens of St. Louis, and his knowledge of the 
lumber business is equal to that of any man in 
the trade. 

He married in .\pril,18")4,Miss Hannah Dono- 
hue, of Boston. Of the twelve children that 
blessed the union, two are boys and ten girls, 
three of whom are in convents. Mrs. O'Sullivan 
died in October, 1891. 

fyORiJON, JOHX S. — ^John S. Gordon was born 
in Tuscarawas count\-, (!)hio, January 2.''), 183(), 
and was the third of a family of ten brothers 
and sisters. His father, James Gordon, was a 
farmer and stock raiser, and he assisted his 
father on the farm in summer, and in winter at- 
tended the district school. After finishing the 
common school course, he entered the college at 
Richmond, Ohio. 

While in his twentieth year he completed his 
education and returned to the farm, making 
that his home until about 1.S71. When the 
war broke out he had not yet reached his thirtieth 
year and was in that period of life when the 
spirit of adventure is strongest. He left home 
to become a participant in that struggle, and, 
although not a regular combatant, he saw con- 
siderable rough service. He was connected 
with the quartermaster's department of the 
Ami)- of the Tennessee for about two years and 
a half. 

During the period intervening between his 
twentieth and thirty-fifth year he traveled over 
the country considerably, and in 1871, being 
impressed with the advantages of St. Louis, he 
remo\ed his family here and entered business, 
opening a retail book and stationery store on 
the corner of Twenty-ninth and Chouteau 



niOC.RAriflCAI. APPENDIX. 



42.' 



avenue. He was very successful in lliis l)usi- 
ness from the start, coutiuuiuo to conduct the 
business for fifteen \-ears. 

During that time he had given much study to 
tlie details of insurance and building and loan 
business. Having been elected secretary of tlie 
National American Association, a benefit and 
fraternal organization, he sold out his book and 
news business in 188(5, and gave his whole at- 
tention to the insurance business. He held the 
ofl[ice of secretary of the National American As- 
sociation for three 
years, at the end of 
which time he as- 
sisted in organizing 
the Iron Hall Build- 
ing and L,oan Asso- 
ciation , and w a s 
elected secretary 
thereof, and still 
holds that position 
for the fifth term, 
the b u s i n e s s 
methods of this as- 
sociation soon won 
it a reputation as 
one of the soundest 
building and loan 
associations of St. 
lyouis. It has a cap- 
ital stock of $(i()(),- 
"00, and has already 
loaned on excellent 
security upward of 
j;l'OO,0()() during 

the five years of its existence. The association 
is working in the most gratifying manner and 
bids fair to terminate as intended at the end of 
the hundred mouth period. 

In l.s;t2 lit- organized a new association, 
called The Leader Building and Loan Associa- 
tion, with a capital of 81,000,000. This com- 
])any is the result of .several years' study and 
observ.ition of the building and loan Imsine.ss on 
Mr. (rordon's pari, and is an adaptation of plans 
alread\- in operation, strengthened by a nnml)er 
of new and original ideas. It is a most decided 



conii)liment to Mr. (iordou's knowleilge of tile 
business and his financial ability, to state that 
the ])lan on which The Leader is organized is 
considered by experts as the nearest to com- 
pleteness and perfection yet devised. The as- 
sociation is too young yet to have developed all 
its points of excellence, but it lias started out 
under the most auspicious circumstances and 
bids fair to achieve a most signal and gratifving 
success. 



Mr. Gordon 




general age 
Sun I-in 



Con 
I'r:i 



JOHN 



the oencral atrencv of the 
•ire and :\Ia- 
I 11 s u r a n c e 
my of San 
ci SCO, until 
when the coiii- 
])aiiy concluded to 
restrict its business 
to territory which 
excluded St. Louis 
and caused the Sun 
to ]ilace its policies 
with other com])a- 
iiies. .Since his re- 
tirement from the 
.S nil he h a s a c- 
cepted the agency of 
the Manchester of 
b)n gland, which 
should consider it- 
sell fortunate in se- 
curing such a man 
to manage its inter- 
liORDON. i-sls in this section 

and city. 
Mr. Gordon is a menil)er of the Order of 
-^^gis, and is a memljer of the Royal Arcanum. 
Me was a member of the Order of Iron Hall for 
the full seven years required, and at the expira- 
tion of that period receix'ed his l)enefit and 
retired. 

Mr. Gordon was married in l.s,'»7 to Miss 
Catharine Riley, whom he met while attending 
college at Richmond, Ohio, her people being 
residents of Cincinnati. The marriage was a 
most fortunate and compatible one, whose do- 
mestic felicity has been crowned by the coming 



426 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



of three children, all of whom are grown. Flor- 
ence, the only daughter, and oldest child, is 
now married to Lewis B. Blackwood, a prosper- 
ous architect of this city. William, who is next 
in point of age, devoted some attention to agri- 
culture, until l.Sil2, when he sold his farm and 
returned to St. Louis. George G., the young- 
est, is his father's chief adviser and assistant in 
the ofhce, and is a young man of good attain- 
ments. Mr. Gordon's mother is still living on 
the old homestead back in Ohio. His father 
died many years ago. 

Mr. Gordon is a man of affable disposition, 
and a person needs but to look at him once to 
be convinced that he is in no respect a pessi- 
mist, but that he is disposed to look on the best 
side always. His demeanor naturally attracts; 
he has an army of friends, and the statement 
that he is one of the most popular men in his 
line in the city is not far amiss. He occupies a 
suite of offices convenient and well adapted to 
his business at 105 North Eighth street. 

McCi.ruK, RiCH.^RD I'., the ])rominent con- 
tractor and builder of St. Louis, the son of Rich- 
ard P. and Mary (Irwin) McClure, was born in 
Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, April IT), 
185L His education was acquired in the schools 
of Pittsburgh and Alleghany. He was studious 
in his habits, and quit school with a very good 
education. He was compelled to earn his own 
living, and in conformity with such necessit}', he 
accepted the position of a driver on the tow-path 
of the canal, making the trips between Pitts- 
burgh and Oil City at stated intervals for a space 
of three years. The records that have come 
down from that time state that he manifested 
an industrious I'egard for the interests of his 
employers and did his work well, humlile 
though his employment was. As the person 
who will not do his task well in one instance 
is apt to neglect it in another, in this work well 
done at that time, is seen in the lad the indica- 
tions of success as the man. 

At the end of three years' work on the canal 
tow-path, he determined to fit himself to uuikc 
his wav in the world bv learninsr a trade, and 



therefore apprenticed himself to a carpenter 
in Alleghany City, and with him remained six 
years, coming out an adept at the carpenter 
trade at the end of that time. Feeling certain 
that the great West offered better chances to the 
aspiring young mechanic than the overcrowded 
East, he turned liis face westward, not halting 
until he reached the Golden Slope. In San 
Francisco he remained just a year, working at 
his trade, and then concluded to return farther 
east. Reaching St. Louis he was so favorably 
impressed with the city that he concluded to 
make it the scene of his future operations. This 
was in 1-^74, and for three years, or until about 
1N77, he worked at his trade as a journey uutu 
carpenter, being employed the most of the time 
by A. P". Cook. In 1<S77 he concluded that he 
was entitled to the usufruct of his own industry, 
and as a result opened a shop of his own, he 
launched into business for himself, and instead 
of being an employe became an employer. 
Since that time his success has been a con- 
stantly growing quantity and his prosperity has 
been unbroken. His prompt and straight meth- 
ods of doing business, and his industry and 
close attention to all its details, have given him 
a solid foundation on which to build a magnifi- 
cent success. As an indication of his standing 
and responsibility as a contractor and builder, 
the subjoined list of a few of the ])rominenl 
buildings erected by him is inserted: Smith, 
Beggs & Rankin P'oundry, Missouri ]\Ialleabk- 
Iron Works, Grand Avenue Presbyterian Church, 
Union M. E. Church, Burrell-Comstock Build- 
ing, Scharff-Burnheimer Building, interior of 
Exposition Building, all of St. Louis; .Standard 
Theater, New York; Loretto Academy, P'lori- 
sant; \'endome Theater, Nashville; Grand 
Opera House, Memphis; and P.oyd Theater, 
( )maha. 

Gai.K, Artiu'R H., is the son of Daniel 
P)aile\- Gale who was born in .Salisbury, New 
Hampshire, in ISlC, and died in this city in 
1S74. His father having died when he was 
quite small, he was left to the care and training 
of au excellent mother, who educated him for 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



4-2' 



til..' law, 1)111 he afterward decided to ado]it a 
mercantile career. He o;rew up to be one of the 
noblest and best of men, of the highest char- 
acter and purest motive, benevolent, modest, 
thoroughly honest in all things, universally 
esteemed, a genuine Christian and a true gentle- 
man. Soon after reaching his majority he came 
west at the solicitation of a brother, intending 
to locate at Peoria, Illinois, but meeting Carlos 
S. (ireeley, was induced by him to come to St. 
Louis. The latter was already established in a 
small way in the gro- 
cery business. Mr. 
( lale then had mer- 
chandise amounting 
to ?*:^,I1U() ou the way 
from New England; 
a |)artnership was 
])ro])osed and \-erbal 
agreement entered 
intounder which the 
two friends did busi- 
ness without a dis- 
agreement for thirty- 
six years. 

This was in l.SMs, 
and was the date of 
the beginning of a 
house which has 
been contemporary 
with the connnercial 
growth of St. Louis. 
The firm was known 
as (ireeley X; (^ale 
until IS.'iS, ill which 

year C. li. Hurnham was taken in ami the style 
became C. I'>. Ihirnham S: Company; in ISTtlthe 
title was changed to (rreeley, Rurnham tK: Com- 
l>any, and in bSTlt was incorporated under the 
name of the ( jreeley-Burnham ( Irocer Ct)mpauv. 
In ISiC) the last named compan\- was amalga- 
mated with the firm of Scudder ^H: Brother, 
bcctmiing the Scudder-Gale Grocer Company, 
under which it does business to-day. 

Arthur H. Gale was born in this cit\ 
tembcr .-., IS.-.i'. He was one of five cl 
born to his parents. .Vrlhnr's mother 



nati\-e of the same town as his father and a com- 
panion of his youth and earl\- manhood. Her 
name before marriage was Carolie ]{. Pet- 
tengill. 

Young Arthur received a good education, 
finishing at Washington University. After grad- 
luxtion he entered the grocery house of Greeley 
^K: Gale in bSTD. He showed a marked aptitude 
for business, and on his father's death in 1S74 
he became his successor, and thus the connec- 
tion of father and son with the business since 
1 ■'^•>''< has been un- 
broken. He has 
filled his father's 
place most worthily, 
and he joins with 
marked business ca- 
])acity an energy 
and enterprise that 
have added much to 
the business of the 
house. vSuave and 
courteous at all 
times his geniality 
of manner and per- 
sonal magnetisui 
ha\e made for him 
an army of friends 
whose faces, because 
of his ])eculiar gift 
of memory, he ne\er 
forgets. He is a 
harder worker even 
than his father, and 
is thoroughly devo- 
iptness characterizes 
:i man who is able to 
Is. In iierson he is 




AKTHLk U. GALE. 



ted t<. 



Sei 



is business. I'ron 
all his dealings, and he is 
give infinite care to delai 
((uiet and retiring, is gentlemanh- in demeanor, 
and toward every unfortunate of the human race 
has a feeling of kindly pity and benevolent pur- 
pose. All who know him are certain that he is 
able to help to carry to a .still higher success the 
great house his father helped to found. 

;Mr. Gale has a most interesting family, con- 
sisting of a wife and four children. He is 
domestic in his tastes and gives his wife and 



428 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



children devoted attention. His wife's maiden 
name was Miss Stella Honey. She is a native 
of this State, and a niece of Mrs. Gov. T. C. 
Fletcher. They were married in 187(3. The 
children are Leone, who is seventeen years old; 
Grace, Arthur H., Jr., and Margaret. 

Bi.UMER, ESAI.\S W., son of Esaias and 
Katie (Streif ) Bliimer, was born in Switzerland 
in 18ti3. At the age of four years he, with his 
father and mother, came to this country in 18()7, 
locating at Berger, Missouri, where he attended 
the country schools until sixteen years old, 
when he began work for his father in the lum- 
ber and furniture business as lumber measurer, 
remaining one year when, feeling that a country 
town was not the place for rapid development 
for a young man of ambition and energy, he 
came to vSt. Louis and at once found employ- 
ment with the Joseph Hafner Manufacturing 
Company, and at the age of eighteen years he 
was made order and estimating clerk of said 
company, a position of important trust, and 
which he filled with much credit and satisfac- 
tion to his employers, and where he remained 
six years. 

Mr. Blumer, although not ha\'iug the advan- 
tages of an education enjoyed by the more 
favored sons of the residents of a large city, ha\-- 
ing only the advantages offered by a countr\- 
school, of six months in the year, had, neverthe- 
less, a greater ambition and a longing desire to 
climb the ladder of fame and fortune, and with 
his own money, which he had sSved in the 
meantime, he bought the ^■acant property on 
the corner of Broadway- and Dock streets, and 
erected a fine substantial brick structure for his 
factory for stair building and interior finish, 
employing one hundred skilled mechanics, and 
he has built up a trade-that is second to none in 
the country, extending to all points of the 
United States and Mexico, where he sends his 
own men to put tip their work, and whenever 
practicable gi\es to every detail his own 
personal supervision. 

He has made his business a study, as a doctor 
or law\er does his profession, believing that a 



man to succeed in au)- career in life should 
master every detail; and that he has mastered it 
in a thorough manner is plainly evident in the 
grand success that he has achieved; in fact, he 
is a fair type of the pushing go-a-head men, 
who by their own energy and brains contribute 
so materiall)- to a city's growth and prosperity. 
Air. Blumer is a man who deserves a great 
deal of credit and has shown his ability and 
energy by his rapid increase of business, which 
has doubled in capacity since the spring of 
ISIM). 

KoKxio, William, son of Henry and (ier- 
trude (Koenig) Koenig, was born in I^russia, 
(lermany, in the year 1884:. His father was a 
house carpenter, and in the year 1840 he came 
to America and located in St. Louis, his young 
son commencing at an early age to work at the 
same business. The population of St. Louis at 
that time was less than 18,000, and the school 
accommodations were of a somewhat primitive 
character. Young Koenig attended the public 
schools during the day, and after school was in 
the habit of joining his father and assisting in 
the building that he was erecting. This brought 
him into contact with a number of business men. 

In 18411 Mrs. Koenig died during the cholera 
epidemic, which was followed by the great fire, 
and business generally was badly demoralized 
at that time. Mr. Koenig gave up housekeep- 
ing, and William, although but fifteen years of 
age, was compelled to earn his own livelihood. 

He obtained employment as oflice-boy with 
L>ou, Shorb & Company, who were proprietors 
of the Sligo Iron Store. Soon after his appoint- 
ment the river navigation to and from St. Louis 
became the greatest in the United States, and 
continued such until it was superseded by rail- 
road accommodation. Young Koenig quickly 
grew into the confidence of his employers, and 
was made shipping clerk for the house, which 
was a branch of one of the largest Pittsburgh 
iron concerns at the time. 

As shipping clerk I\Ir. Koenig gained a large 
number of friends among river men, who were 
the leading merchants and jobbers of the West. 



BIOCRAPIllCAL APPENDIX. 



tins p< 



work required i;reat acti\ity, for diiriiit;; tlie 
■ l.s.")l no less than 2,ii7.') l)oats arrived at 
port, with a tonnage of 710 tons. 
In is.').s, when twenty-two years of age, Mr. 
Koenig left the iron business and associated 
himself with Colonel John Garnett, one of his 
brother employes of Lyon, Shorb & Company, 
and the two started a seed and agricultural busi- 
ness on Second street, between Pine and Olive, 
under the firm name of John (larnett & Coni- 
jKuiv. Business opened up satisfactorily, and 
the yt)ung firm had 
every prospect of sue 
ce.ss until the out- 
break of the war in 
I'Stil, when, large 
o u t s t a n d i n g a c- 
counts in the vSouth 
becoming bad, the 
outlook was made 
very gloomy. Mr. 
Garnett was so dis- 
couraged that he re- 
tired from the firm 
to his farm in Lewis 
count}-, Missouri. 
This left a heavy load 
on theyoungremain- 
ing partner, but Mr. 
Koenig was deter- 
mined to succeed, 
and manfully facing 
the great difficulties 
before him overcame 
them all and estab- 
lished his house on a substantial footing. As 
an instance of his push and energy, it may be 
mentioned that, having introduced a number of 
new styles in agricultural machinery, plows, 
etc., many of which still take front rank among 
implements, Mr. Koenig was struck with the 
fact that western farmers were neglecting their 
old lands, instead of redeeming and bringing 
them back to cultivation. He accordingK' issued 
a pamphlet for free distribution among farmers, 
urging the importance of sowing clo\er, which 
would not only yield a good crop, but also re- 




deem and improve old land. ( )ver :^<»,(i(l(i copies 
were distributed, and the result was a general 
sowing of clover seed in Missouri and the West 
to such an extent that to-da\- few fanners are to 
be found without a jjrofitable clover ]iatch. In 
If^lill the firm introduced into this section the 
Buckeye mowing and reaping machines, which 
Mr. Koenig has been handling ever since. 

In 18(i2 Mr. Koenig w^as elected a director of 
the CTcrraan vSavings Institution, and has been 
of the board of that sound institution ever since. 
He is also a director 
of the Washington 
Insurance Company. 
.Mr. Koenig is natu- 
rally of a retiring dis- 
position, but was 
jicrsuadcd in \>^x\ 
to run for the School 
Board from the 
Ninth Ward. His 
record on the School 
Board is one of the 
most honorable ac- 
complished, and as 
chairman of the Fi- 
nance Committee he 
succeeded in hand- 
ling tlie board's 
funds to great ad- 
vantage. 

Mr. Koenig took 
an active part in the 
mo\ement for the 
erection of a High 
.School building. Both on the floor of the board 
and in the public press, he pointed out the fal- 
lacv of the proposition which involved the erec- 
tion of this building out of the yearly revenue 
of the school, and in this as in the other of his 
main propositions he was successful. His 
earnestness and integrity were highly ap]neci- 
ated by his colleagues and were of great value 
at critical periods. 

Mr. Koenig was married on January 10, is.').s, 
to Mi.ss Caroline Gutbrod, of St. Louis, and has 
ten children — nine sons and one daughter. 



UAH KOENIG 



430 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



(lANAHi,, John J., was horn in Tyrol, Austria, 
December i;5, 1«;^8. He is the son of John J. 
and Benedicta ( Wuerbel ) Ganahl ; attended the 
coninion schools nntil he was fourteen years old, 
when he went to work for his father, who, in 
addition to superintending his two farms, was 
conducting a butcher business and operated a 
flour mill. He came to this country when he 
was seventeen years old, as a passenger on the 
sailing vessel Muehlhauseii., landing at New 
Orleans. From there he came to St. Louis. 
Arriving in this city in June, 185(i, he secured 
a position on a German daily and weekly paper, 
named Tagcs-Chro]iiL\ published by Francis 
Saler, doing general work for the office, for one 
dollar a week and board, for a short time; for 
several years following he had charge of the 
mailing department, and after that took charge 
of the collecting and advertising department; 
then was made book-keejier and general busi- 
ness manager, which position he held for three 
years, until 1<S()3, when he started in the lum- 
l.)er l.)usiness in a small wa\-, having associated 
with him in the business John P. Fleitz, who 
soon afterwards moved to Detroit, Michigan, 
leaving the business in charge of Mr. Ganahl. 
In 1X79 he bought his partner's interest and 
continued the business alone until 1881, when 
he organized and secured articles of incorpora- 
tion for "The John J. (xanahl Lumber Com- 
pan\-,"' with general offices at Second street and 
Park avenue, with two branch yards in the city 
and one at Millstadt, Illinois. Mr. Ganahl also 
operates a planing mill independent of his lum- 
ber business, under the name of "The Nuelle 
& Ganahl Planing Mill Comijany." This es- 
tablishment does a very extensive business. 
While uniformly successful in business, he suf- 
fered a hea\'y loss in bS.SO, his planing mill 
being destroyed by fire while he and his 
daughter were visiting in the South. 

Mr. Ganahl was also interested in, and fur 
many years a director and the treasurer of the 
St. Clair Ferry and Transfer Company, formerly 
the Cahokia Ferry Company. 

He was one of the incorporators and a mem- 
ber of the first board of directors of the Lafa\- 



ette .Savings liank, now the Lafayette Bank. 
His newspaper knowledge and experience, 
gained by seven years' hard work when a youth, 
has recently been of great service to him in 
enabling him, as president of the German Print- 
ing and Publishing Association, to make a finan- 
cial success of Dcr Ilero/d dcs (ilauhcns^ a 
(ierman Catholic newspaper of growing circula- 
tion and influence. 

Although acti\-ely and continuously engaged 
in business, Mr. Ganahl finds time to give con- 
siderable attention to public affairs. In issy 
he was one of the Democratic nominees for the 
City Council fronr the city at large, and was 
elected by the largest majority given to an)- of 
the candidates, except one. His every act and 
vote during his four years' ser\-ice as a member 
of the Council, was characterized by the same 
integrity and uprightness that has given him 
his enviable reputation as a business man. He 
was ever on the alert to conserve and promote 
the interests of the city, and was at all times an 
untiring and able advocate of every measure 
that was calculated to place St. Louis in the 
lead of the great cities of the United States. 
In iss;; Mr. Ganahl took a trip to luirope. 

Mr. (ianahl has been married twice; the first 
time on February la, 18(58, to Miss Elizabeth 
Steber, of St. Louis, who died on November, 
1X7."); the second time to Miss Mar\- Louisa 
Joseph, of St. Louis. He is the father of three 
children by his first marriage — Louis J., Theo- 
dore C. and Matilda, who died at the age of 
thirteen vears. By his second marriage he has 
five children — three girls and two boys — Octa- 
via, Cecil, Clara, Rudolph and Hubert. 

CarTTKk, Miu) S., the well-known engineer, 
bridge l)uilder and contractor of St. Louis, was 
born in Blandford, Ma.ssachusetts, May ;>1, l.S:i,s. 
His father, Waterman Cartter, and his mother, 
Lucy Cartter iicc Lncy Frisb\-, were both 
descendants of the early Puritans. The former 
was an engineer and bridge builder, a l)usiness 
he followed up to the time of his death, which 
(occurred in IXK;. Alilo S. was educated in the 
town where he was Ijoru, attending the com- 








^U^. 



nn n.RAPHiCAL appendix. 



Uiei 



)ls()f rSlandford uptoliis sixlcciUli yea 
left .school and went to work for h 



Two vears later, while engaged in an impor- 
tant contract, Mr. Waterman Cartter died, after 
an illness of six months. Althongh then only 
about eighteen years old, Milo S. was given 
charge of the work when his father was stricken, 
and continned to act as superintendent until the 
contract was completed. Mr. Cartter then 
accepted an offer from a firm of bridge builders 
to go to Ohio, where 
he was given charge 
of construction of 
bridges on the Cleve- 
land iS: Columbus 
Railroad. This road 
was t h e first to 
adojit the use of the 
T rail, now in 
general use. Two 
years was the term 
of liis cmplo>nieut 
with this firm, from 
it he went to the 
com pan y whi c h 
owned the Howe 
truss patent, the first 
mentioned company 
luuing decided to go 
out of business. 

During the next 
two \ears he super- 
intended the con- ^,ii,, ^ 
structiou of bridges 

on roads throughout (jliio and Kentuc\-, and on 
the Little Miami road accomplished what was 
then considered a difficult engineering feat, by 
taking down an old bridge and putting a new 
one in its i)lace without any interference with 
regular traffic. With modern appliances and 
tools this is now often done, but it was a new 
and difficult undertaking in l.s,')(l. 

In IN.')4 Mr. Cartter came to St. Louis and 
secured em])k)yment with the Mi.ssonri Pacific 
road, which was then building, as superintend- 
ent of conslruction of bridges. In l>i'>7 he 




formed a parlnersliip with his brother, IL 1'.. 
Cartter, doing his first work as a contractor on 
the Hannibal & St. Joe road, and has been 
actively engaged in the business ever since, 
excepting a short time during the late civil war. 
His work most of the time during that period 
was included in a contract on the (ireat Western 
Railroad, of Illinois, now a j)art of the Wabash 
system; but in l.S(i;? and lX(i4 he was doing 
military work, building bridges, in the Depart- 
ment of the Ohio. .Mthough a non-combatant, 
his title was general 
superintendent of 
bridges, and ranks 
next to that of 
general. 

In l.S(i:> Mr. Cart- 
ter returned to St. 
Louis, and resumed 
a ])artnership rela- 
tion with hisbrother, 
w h i c h continued 
until ll^7<s, when the 
membership of the 
firm was changed by 
the retirement of H. 
r.. Cartter, and the 
admission of A. W. 
Hubbard and W. S. 
Cartter, the latter 
his son, constituting 
a company that is 
one of the most im- 
^^,iii,^ portant in its line of 

business in the West. 
In religious nuUters Mr. Cartter's views are 
broad and liberal, and he holds that no better 
guide of human action can be foun<l than the 
principle embodied in tlie golden rule. Politic- 
allv he is a Democrat, a conservative who 
believes tliat moderation and time-tried methods 
should be applied in the administration of pub- 
lic affairs. Mr. Cartter married in 1H.")0 Mi.ss 
Isabella McNeil, of .Madison county, Ohio. 
Thev have two children — a son and a daughter, 
and ^Ir. Cartter's home life is an exception- 
ally haj)py one. 



482 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



LiXK, TiiHODORK C. — As mentioned in the 
chapter on railroads in this book, the new Union 
Depot is an honor to the city, and even to the 
conntry, and, as is also mentioned in that chap- 
ter, the thanks of St. Louis are due to the 
financiers who made it possible to construct the 
building, and even more to the architect who 
displayed such signal ability in preparing the 
plans, and who has since superintended so ably 
the execution of his own original and magnifi- 
cent design. 

The latter is Mr. Theodore C. Link, one of 
the most prominent architects in the cit\'. He 
was born near Heidelberg, Germany, on March 
17, 1850. He was educated at Heidelberg, 
London, England, and at the Ecole des Arts et 
Metiers at Paris, where he studied architecture 
and engineering. When twenty years of age 
he came to America, locating in St. Louis some 
three years later. Before making this city his 
home, he spent a year in New York, another 
}-ear at Philadelphia, and then went to Texas, 
where he executed some important commissions 
for the Texas & Pacific Railroad at Sherman, 
Houston and Jefferson. 

His first connection in St. Louis was with 
the Atlantic &; Pacific Railroad Company in its 
bridges and buildings department, and here he 
displayed talent of the highest order. After 
serving for a short time as assistant chief en- 
gineer at Forest park, he was appointed super- 
intendent of public parks, a position he occupied 
until the new scheme and charter went into 
effect. He then went to Pittsburgh, Philadel- 
phia and New York, carrying on his profession 
in the East until the year 1883, when he re- 
turned to St. Louis and opened an office. 

During the last ten years he has been engaged 
in a number of important enterprises, among 
which may be mentioned the unique and pict- 
uresque entrances at Westmoreland and Portland 
places, the Monticello Seminary, St. Mark's 
Episcopal Church, the Alton Public Library, 
the East St. Louis Ice and Cold Storage Build- 
ing, and the private residences of John Tracv, 
Nicholson place and Lafayette avenue; PI H. 
Warner, Grand avenue; J. W. Buel, Grand and 



Lafayette avenues; A. Moll, Berlin, near Taylor 
avenue; August W. Blanke, Russell avenue; 
E. E. French, Cabanne place; L. B. Tebbetts, 
Portland place, and others too numerous to 
mention. 

When plans were solicited for the new Union 
Depot, IMr. Link was one of ten architects from 
all parts of the United States who were invited 
to the competition. The decision of the experts 
was unanimous for his design, it being their 
opinion that no improvement was possible on 
the design or plan of his creation. The marked 
success of his work on this mammoth structure 
has been the subject of comment and congratu- 
lation from local residents and visitors, and has 
placed Mr. Link in the foremost position as an 
American architect. He is a member of the 
American Institute of Architects; was twice 
elected president of the Missouri State Associa- 
tion of Architects; and is a member of the 
Architectural League of New York. He is also 
a member of Mercantile and Noonday. 

Mr. Link marriedin the year 1875 Miss Annie 
Fuller, of Detroit, Michigan, daughter of Hon. 
Lyman and Louise Carey Fuller. Mr. and Mrs. 
Link have five children, Carl, Herman, Edwin, 
Clarence, and Loni.se, and reside in West 
Cabanne place. 

HoLMAN, M. L. — One of the mo.st valuable 
and eflJicient water commissioners St. Louis 
ever had, is the gentleman who now occupies 
the office, and who is the subject of this brief 
sketch. The son of John H. and Mary Ann 
(Richards) Holman, he was born in the little 
town of Mexico, in Oxford county, Maine, June 
1."), 1.S52. W'hen he was seven years old, or in 
IN.")!', his parents came west and settled in this 
city. Here the boy was sent to the public 
schools until he was ready to enter Washington 
University, where he took a thorough course in 
civil engineering, devoting his whole time sub- 
sequently to making himself proficient in that 
science, and becoming most expert and skillful 
in the hydraulic engineering branch of the pro- 
fession. His skill in this branch finally met 
with recognition by an appointment to a posi- 





■f^^^t/^ 






n IOC, R A PHIL A I. APPIINDIX. 



■(."..1 



liousf, tlie sii1)jfct nf tliis skt-tcli is a dL-scfiulanl 
of licniainin I'ranklin, his ^raniliiKitlier l)t'av- 
in<i- tlic iiaine of llu- illustrious pliilosoplicr. 

His father, Marcus A., caiiu- in St. Louis with 
his fatlier and family, consisting of the nidllur, 
He was reappointed by Mayor fonr sisters and three brotliers, from J^onisvillc 
by boat to St. Lonis, the trip consuniinj^ six 
weeks. vShortly after his arrival in vSt. Lonis, 
Marcus Wolff, then a bo>-, started into a life 
that was to liaxe more than a fair measure of 
success, by selliu.i; newspajjers on the streets. 
He afterwards 



tion in the cit\- water connnissioner s depart- 
ment. This was soon followed b\- promoticni to 
the oflice of principal assistant eui^ineer, and 
when Ma\-or L'rancis succeeded to the mayoralty-, 
he appointed Mr. Hohnan to the water C(nn- 
missioners 

Noonan, and still holds over nnder Mayor Wal- 
bridge. I'.oih as water commissioner and as 
a member of the lioard of Pnl)lic Impro\"ements, 
in which dinible capacitx' he acts, he nuist be 
considered as a public benefactor. He seems 
to ha\e administered 



,* 



his office with the 
ambition to be re- 
membered by the 
people as oneof their 
most pnblic-spirited 
officials, and it will 
be remembered that 
it was dnriui^ his in- 
cnmbenc}- of office 
that the extension of 
the water-works and 
the building of the 
Chain-of-Rocks via- 
duct was concei\ed 
and carried ont. Mr. 
Hohnan is a member 
of the American 
Society of Civil En- 
jjineers, of the 
American Societv of 
^lechanical Engi- 
neers, of the Engi- 
neers' Club of St. 

Louis, of tlie American Water-Works Associa- 
tion. He was married in September, ISTll, to 
Margaret H. Holland, of St. Lonis. 

Woi.KF, (;i':or(;k PKKsmKV. — (reorge Pre.s- 
bury Wolff is a native of St. Louis, having been 
born here December .S, IS.");',. He is the son of 
Marcus A. and Eliza J. Wolff, the lalter's 
maiden name being Curtis. His father, i\hircns 
A. Wolff, was the son of a jioor tailor, who, not- 
withstanding constant 
very ])oor. I)\- the fer 

28 



OEORQE PRESBl'RV WOI.FP 



ndustry, was always 
lie side of his father'.' 



learned the printer's 
trade on tlie old .\Tis- 
soiiri (',a~ctt(\ work- 
ing at his trade until 
b'^'ili, in which year 
he formed a partner- 
ship with S. H. Por- 
ter, and opened a 
real estate business 
iu which he was en- 
gaged until his 
death. He thus be- 
came one of the pio- 
neers of tlie business 
which is .still carried 
on by George P. 
Wolff and"^ his 
brother. 

The father having 
made his own way 
in the worhl, he 
recognized the im- 
portance of industry 
and honestv in his .sons, and thus young George 
was fitted for his battles with the world by 
being early taught the necessity of integrity and 
self-reliance. His mother, whose favmite he 
was, gave the closest attention to his ])relimi- 
narv education, and kept him at the P'ranklin 
School in this city for several years. He next 
attended the Edward Wyman School, llien 
located at Sixteenth and Pine, until l.S(i4. After 
a two years' vacation he, in 1S()I), entered St. 
Louis University, remaining there until b'^71, 
taking the reguhir conr.se, graduating with 




OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



honors, takin<; tlie first premium of his class for 
proficiency in Greek and the second prize for 
Latin. Early in life the boy developed a taste 
for reading, showing also that he was of a 
social nature, and that he was domestic in his 
inclinations and habits; and such traits still 
characterize him. 

After leaving school Mr. Wolff went to work 
in the office of M. A. Wolff & Company, his 
father desiring to make a real estate man of 
him, and starting him in at the bottom to enable 
him to learn fully the details of the business. 
He remained in his father's office until August, 
ISTM, when he entered the service of Siegel & 
Robb, plumbers and gas-fitters. He acted in the 
capacity of ajiprentice and salesman, desiring to 
learn the business but at the same time draw a 
fair salary. 

After working at the trade during half the 
day and selling goods the balance, until he had 
obtained the requisite technical knowledge, his 
next step was to form a partnership with 
Thomas J. Hennessey, who was also at that 
time an employe of Siegel & Robb, and since 
has ser\-ed a term as plumbing inspector for the 
citv. A plumber's shop was established at til 4 
Olive street, and the firm conducted a very 
prosperous business until April, bST.'i, when it 
was dissolved and Mr. Wolff went to Baltimore 
where he entered the employ of Carruthers & 
Son, remaining with them a year. The offer of 
a clerkship by the Second National Bank, of 
which George D. Capen was president, caused 
him to return to vSt. Louis. This bank going 
into liquidation in January, 1.S7.S, caused him 
to accept a similar position with the Third 
National, but he resigned this position after 
having retained it only a few months. 

His next position was with the St. Louis 
Distilling Company, now the ]\Iound City Distill- 
ing Company, where he remained until January, 
ISSO, when he again went to work in his 
father's office. There he has since remained in 
the capacities of clerk, salesman and proprietor. 
Mr. Wolff is liberal as well as public spirited, 
and has always been ready to aid with his purse 
any enterinisc tending to advance the cit\\s in- 



terests, Ix'ing a heavy subscriber to such under- 
takings as the fall festivities, exposition, etc. 
Although in every respect a substantial Demo- 
crat, he has never desired any official position, 
except that of notary public, an appointive 
office, the commissions for which he has received 
from five separate governors. 

He is an honored member of Aurora Lodge, 
A. F. and A. M., and is also a member of Alpha 
Council, Legion of Honor. In religion he is a 
Methodist, and is one of the leading members of 
the St. John's Church of this city. 

Mr. Wolff was married at Cincinnati, on May 
IH, iss;^, to Miss Alice E. Eaton, a daughter of 
Dr. M. ^I. Eaton, a prominent physician of that 
city, the patentee of several surgical instru- 
ments and the author of several valuable med- 
ical books. The marriage has l)een blessed by 
five children — three boys and two girls. Mr. 
Wolff is a man of a nervous and impulsive tem- 
perament, (juick and positi\'e. He is affable 
and socially inclined, and is a man true as steel 
to his friends. His discernment and sound busi- 
ness sense is a basis on which lie will yet build 
a fortune. 

\'iKKXO\v, fir.ST.WK ^I., the brick and stone 
contractor, is a St. Louisau who has earned his 
success by his own industrious efforts. Begin- 
ning here in St. Louis as a laborer, he has worked 
himself up to a position of importance and pros- 
perit}-, and now does one of the biggest contract- 
ing businesses in the city. 

As indicated by his name, ;\Ir. \"iernow is of 
German parentage, he l)eing the son of Gustaxe 
and Christian \'iernow. He looks back with 
fond recollections to the little Prussian Island 
of Rugeu, in the Baltic Sea, as his birthplace. 
There he passed his childhood and his early 
youth, until the wonderful tales brought to his 
island-home of the New World, where equal 
chances existed for all and favors were given to 
none, where merit and not accident was the 
means of advancement, so worked on his ambi- 
tion and the spirit of adventure within him, 
that he bade his parents and friends adieu and 
cnd)arked for the land of the setting sun. Il 



niOi.RAPIIK AL APPENDIX. 



was in ISlif!, wlicn youui; ('rusta\e liad harelv 
reached his eighteenth year, that he set out ti) 
search for happiness and fortune in a new land 
and among a strange people. 

Shortly after reaching America he came to 
St. Louis, attracted by the opportunities it then 
offered to a young man with the fabric of his 
prosperity yet to construct, as well as the fact 
that many of his countrymen had found homes 
here. Gustave tliough young in years was 
wise enough to know that even America, with 
its boundless oppor- 
tunities, offered 
nothing to him who 
would not work for 
it. He determined 
that if he failed it 
would not be because 
of a lack of industry, 
and he accordingly, 
soon after his arrival 
here, obtained a sit- 
uation as a laborer 
in Pauly's foundry. 
He had learned the 
trade of a brick- 
layer in Germany, 
but as n o t h i n g 
offered in that line, 
with the industry 
that succeeds, he 
took the first em- 
ployment at baud. 

He only continued 
a short time at work 

in the foundry. He was soon laying brick at 
good wages, and continued to work at his trade 
until l'S72, in which year he formed a partner- 
shij) with his brother, Morris, and went into the 
brick contracting business. The brothers did 
a business of furnishing and laying brick and 
stone, under the firm name of Viernow >& 
Brother until l.S«7, when the partnership was 
di.ssolved, Morris buying an interest in a stone 
quarry at Carthage, Missouri. 

Gnsta\e continued the business liere in St. 
Louis, and under his able and honest adminis- 




OL'STAN K M. VIERNOW. 



tration it has grown to enormous ])ro])()rtion. 
A few of the big buildings on which Mr. \'ier- 
now has had the brick and construction con- 
tracts are the new Wainwright Building, Wain- 
wright Brewery, Municipal Electric Light Sta- 
tion, Severn Building, J. C. .Meyer linilding, 
Anheuser-Busch Brewery extensions. He had 
also the brick contract for extending the water- 
works at Bissell's Point. Houses for V.. Wain- 
wright, J. C. Orrick and W. L. Xewmau are a 
few of the finer residences he has recentlv con- 
t r a c t e d . These 
buildings are named 
to illustrate that Mr. 
\'iernow stands at 
the head of his busi- 
ness, and by the fact 
that he is given the 
contracts to do much 
of the finest work in 
the city, showing 
the kind of a busi- 
ness man he is. 

Mr. \'iernow is 
thoroughly progres- 
sive in all things, 
but especially in his 
business. He has 
the honor cjf first 
introducing into St. 
Louis the s t e a m 
hoisting apparatus 
used in the construc- 
tion of buildings. 
He it was also who 
this city the machine w-hich mixes 
steam power. Besides his brick 



first used ir 

mortar by 

business, Mr. \'iernow furnishes fancy cut .stone 

to contractors. 

Mr. \'ieniow has been nuuried over a score of 
vears, he having cho.sen .Miss Wilhelmina 
Schanz of this city as his helpmate and life 
partner. They were nuirried in 1S7(), and five 
children born to them have lived to ble.ss and 
cement the union. But while these five children 
have lived to Ije tlie pride of their parents, .Mr. 
and Mrs. \'ieruow have felt the bitter .sorrow of 



43fi 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



the loss of two little ones. Of the children liv- 
ing all are girls bnt one. The girls are Lonisa, 
Clara, Bertha and Cora. The son, Henry, is a 
promising yonng man and is his father's assist- 
ant in his bnsiness. 

Bakkr, William J., was born in London, 
England, on Boxing Day, or December 2(1, 
1857, and hence is about thirty-six years of age. 
His father, Mr. Joseph Baker, and his mother, 
formerly Miss Ellen Keane, were both of Irish 
descent. They came to this country about 1.S70, 
and the subject of this sketch completed his 
education at the Christian Brothers' College and 
at the Mound City Commercial College. 

While a boy he spent a great deal of time 
among the employes of his uncle, who was 
doing a heavy bricklaying business, and on 
leaving college he worked as apprentice to this 
gentleman, whom he served faithfully for a 
period of four years, when he was promoted to 
the position as foreman, and one year later sub- 
sequently succeeded his uncle in the business. 
He was in partnership with Mr. Thomas McDer- 
mott (McDermott & Baker) until the year lS7i», 
when the partnership was dissolved and Mr. 
Baker continued in the business alone. He has 
done an exceptionally extensive business, and 
has acquired a reputation for brick-work which 
defies criticism, and which is substantial in the 
extreme. During one season alone he erected 
over one hundred and ten buildings, and has 
more than once passed the one hundred mark. 

Among the edifices in the construction of 
which the first-class character of his work can 
be seen may be mentioned the Christian Broth- 
ers' College, the Redemptorist Fathers' School, 
the new 'Frisco Freight Depot, between Seventh 
and Tenth streets, the Refrigerating House of 
the Lafa\ette Brewery, the magnificent Con- 
vent of the Good Shepherd, at Normandy, the 
Catholic Protectorate at Glencoe, Missouri, the 
new million dollar Planters' Hotel, the Martin 
Building, the St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, the 
building occupied by the Little Sisters of the 
Poor, the Emilie Building, Ninth and Olive, and 
the Hagan Opera House on Tenth and Pine. 



These are only a few of his best works, the 
bulk of his time having been devoted to private 
residences, seventy-three of which he erected in 
the year l-SSH alone. Mr. Baker is an intelli- 
gent man, fully competent to draw his own plans 
if required, and always on the lookout for 
defects and possible failings. By making his 
work a life study he has developed it into an art, 
and he seems to regard bad work on the part of 
his employes a personal injury to himself. His 
keen personal supervision is highly appreciated 
by those who have entrusted their interests into 
his keeping, and cases in which complaints are 
made by architects under whom he works are 
rare in the extreme, nor has he on any occasion 
since entering business been in any legal dis- 
pute resulting from defective work. Mr. Baker 
is an active member of the Builders' Exchange, 
and filled the presidential chair very acceptaVjly 
in 1893. He was a delegate to the national 
convention recently held in Boston, where his 
counsel was regarded as of exceptional value. 
He has just been elected president of the Knights 
of vSt. Patrick, is treasurer of the Elks Club, 
and a member of the Mercantile and Marquette 
clubs. 

He married in l.'^^n Miss Laura Harrigan, 
eldest daughter of the chief of police. He has 
one daughter — Nellie. 

P\).STHR, Robert ^LAGRunER, the second son 
of Dr. Sterling J. and Virginia (Heard) Foster, 
was born in Putnam county, Georgia, May IH, 
1852, from which State his father moved early 
in l'S58 to Union Springs, Alabama, where as a 
planter and physician he still resides. IMr. 
Foster comes of a long line of lawyers, doctors 
and divines, being the direct descendant of John 
Foster of Hallifax county, Virginia; the nephew 
of Nathaniel Green Foster, Ex. M.C., and Judge 
Albert G. Foster, of Madison, Georgia, Judge 
Adam G. Foster, of Burnett, Texas, and James 
M. F'oster, one of the leading physicians of 
Alabama, and grand-nephew of Stephen Heard 
and Thomas Magruder, eminent divines of Ala- 
bama and ]\lississipi)i. 

His collegiate education was received at the 



lUOCRAPllli A I. . irPExnix. 



Ivist Alal)anui Male Colle.t^t", at Auburn, Ala- (lci)artuifnt of the law his opiuiuu is considered 

hania, which he attended two \-ears, and at authoritative. In 1M7S he consented to become a 

Davidson College, Mecklenburg county, North candidate for the Legislature and was elected to 

Carolina, from which he received the degree the Thirtieth General Assembly by an almost 

of P.. A., in 1«71, and three years later, the unanimous vote from the Second Representative 

degree of M.A. Upon leaving college he ap- District of the city of .St. Louis. During his 

plied himself assiduously to the law, when he term he was chairman of the committee on 
was comi)elled to giv< 
count of his health, 



\\\) for a year, on ac- 
dting himself during 

luted one of the best 



Hed chairman of tl 



St. 



that lime to all sorts ol 
door sports; being act 
wing shots in his 
county, of which 
sport he is still fond 
and every year, dur- 
ing the Christinas 
holida\s, makes a 
visit to his old hunt- 
ing grouiuls. 

Early in L'^T;! he re- 
newed his law studies 
and, deciding to 
locate in .St. Louis, 
entered the St. Louis 
Law School the fol- 
lowing fall, from 
which institution he 
graduated in LST.") 
with the degree of 
Lly.l!., ha\iiig in 
t h e 111 e a n t i iii e re- 
cei\-ed much jirac- 
tical instruction in 
the law office of 
Drydeii X: Drydeii. 

I'Veling equipped for his chosen profession, he tlie highest respect in commercial as well as 
immediately formed a co-partnershii) for the legal circles, 
general ])ractice of the law with his classmate, 

John J. Meier, which continued two years. .Maxx, GivORCK R., son of Richard 1-'. and 

From that date until Ls.Sl he practiced jointly I'.li/.abeth ( DeFrecse ) .Mann, was born in Svra- 
with the Hon. Samuel Krskine, since which cuse, Indiana, July t-i, l>i.'>li. He took the 
time he has practiced alone, occupying the same special course of architecture at the Institutit)n 
office in the Temple Building. of Technology, of Boston, and then entered the 

Mr. Foster has devoted his attention almost olTice of Mr. \V. H. P.rown, of Indianapolis, 
exclusivelv to civil ])ractice, appearing in many with whom he remained for one year, alter 
important cases in all the ct)urls, but iisualK as which he established himself in business in Min- 
the attornev of priv.ite cor])orations, in which neapolis, Minnesota, with Edward S. Stebbins, 




ROBERT MAORUDKR FOSTER. 



uilitia and w; 

Ivoiiis delegation. 

During the winter of l.siil_!i2 and l.S!i:?-;i;> 

lie filled the chair of medical jurispnidence in 
the Marion-SimsCol- 
lege of Medicine, and 
of '!)o and "1'4 in the 
Barnes .Medical Col- 
lege. In l.s.sl Mr. 
l'"oster was married 
to Miss Li/./.ie Leigh- 
Ion Ca r])eii t er , at 
Keokuk, Iowa, 
daughter of Dr. .\. 
M. Carpenter, for- 
merly of Keokuk, but 

The\' ha\e three 
children — two boys 
and a girl. 

Mr. Foster and 
famih' reside on 
Chestnut street, just 
east of Grand ave. 
The)- are pojnilar in 
West I'.nd circles, 
and Mr. 1-oster is 
looked u]) to with 



4.'',8 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOliS. 



the firm being known as Stebhiiis & Mann. 

In the fall of I'STf Mr. Mann came to Kansas 
City and worked as a draughtsman for a short 
time, whence he moved to St. Joseph and 
organized the firm of Eckel & Mann, Mr. 
Edward J. Eckel being the partner. The firm 
had a most prosperous career until 1891, during 
which time it was frequently necessary to refuse 
commissions owing to the immense amount on 
hand. 

In 1891 Mr. Mann .sold out his interest in the 
St. Joe business and moved to St. Louis, where 
at the present time he is devoting attention to 
the erection of the magnificent new Cit\ Hall 
on Washington Square. 

The wonderful improvement in the appear- 
ance of St. Joseph, during the last twelve years, 
is largley due to Mr. Mann, who planned and 
erected nearly all the large buildings in the busi- 
ness section of that city. A few of the most prom- 
inent of these were the establishments of Tootle 
& Hosie, Nave-McCord Mercantile Company, 
L. McDonald & Company, John S. Britton & 
Company, Steel & Walker, Turner & Frazer, and 
others too numerous to mention. The Union 
Depot at St. Joseph, which is so frequently and 
fa\orably commented upon by travelers, was also 
designed and erected by Mr. Mann, as well as 
the Union Depot at Hannibal. He also con- 
structed the Columbia Theater at Chicago, the 
Paxton Hotel in Omaha, and the Court House at 
Council Bluffs, Iowa; Mount Ayr, Iowa; and the 
Court Houses for the county seats for all of the 
northwest counties of the State of Missouri. 

Mr. Mann is also the architect of the Asylum 
of the Sisters of St. Vincent, at St. Louis, and 
the Martin Building at the corner of Tenth and 
Washington avenue. In the very spirited com- 
petition among architects for the new City Hall 
of this city his plans were successful, his victor\- 
being the subject of comment throughout the 
entire country. He is carrying out his contract 
to the entire satisfaction of the municipal 
authorities, and his work is attracting attention 
from all points. A deputation from Boston 
recently was so impre.ssed with the excellence 
of Mr. Mann's plans that they made a favorable 



report on their return and suggested the embodi- 
ment of his ideas in the new municipal build- 
ing to be erected in that city. In the recent 
competition for the Carnegie Library one hun- 
dred and thirty-two plans were submitted, and 
^Ir. Mann received the second prize, a Pitts- 
burgh firm being elected to carry out the work. 
The fact that the second prize came to a west- 
ern architect is a credit alike to the West and 
to the western man who was thus honored. Mr. 
Mann is looked upon in St. Louis as one of the 
most reliable architects in this section of the 
country. He is distinctively American in his 
ideas and is a very practical man, combining 
economy with excellence in every detail of his 
work . 

In 18.S(i he married Miss Carrie Rock, of St. 
Joseph, and has three children, Elizabeth, 
Wilhelmina and Georgia. Mr. Mann's mother 
died in the spring of 1892, and her demise was 
greatly regretted by an unusually large circle of 
friends. His father, while captain of the Forty- 
eighth Indiana Infantry Volunteers, died in 
IfSiio, at Corinth, Mississippi. Mr. Mann's 
elder brother. Lieutenant Jas. D. Mann, of the 
Seventh Cavalry, was killed during the Sioux 
Indian troubles at Wounded Knee, South 
Dakota. 

\'OGEi., Charles Frederick. — A gentleman 
very popular with St. Louisans, and who has 
held many offices of trust, which he admin- 
istered with fidelity and ability, is Mr. Chas. F. 
\'ogel, who, after almost a lifetime spent in the 
public .service, has retired from politics, and is 
now one of the leading real estate men of the 
cit\-. Mr. \'ogel is a native of Switzerland, 
where he was born in Neuchatel, March 22, 
\>>\'k His father, John Vogel, and his mother, 
who before her marriage was Anna Christinger, 
emigrated to America in 1855, when Charles 
was ten years of age, and settled in St. Louis. | 

In this city the lad was first sent to school at 
the Christian Brothers' College, and then en- 
tered the public schools, and here and at private 
schools he studied several years more, and then 
left to accept a situation as clerk for Justice 



ii«^ 1 





V \ > 



niOCRAPIlICAI. APPENPIX. 



4811 



.McMcker, wlio was a 
liriiiciiial justices, lia\- 
iium's Hotel, at tlie co 
nut streets. 

When the war l)roki 
years of at^e, and while 
to enlist as a regular s 



Kit time one 
his ollice un 
■ of Second a 



out the lad was sixteen 
le was almost too youno; 
dier, his patriotism im- 
])elled him to ciimpromise b_\- enlistinjj iu Com- 
pany I, Second United States Reserve Corps, 
Missouri \'olunteers, as a drummer boy. 

Afterwards he regularly enlisted for three 
years' service as a 
.soldier in Blair's 
ISrigade, Twenty- 
ninth Missouri \'ol- 
unteer Infantry, 
Colonel John S.Cav- 
ender, Company I{, 
Captain Thomas H. 
Mc\'icker. He was 
of that bod\- of men 
who l.)e]ic\-ed in a 
princi]ile, and whose 
ji.itriotism was great 
enough to cause 
them to risk their 
li\-es in its supjjort, 
who were the bra\est 
and best of both ar- 
mies during the war 
of the rebellion. .\s 
to such soldiers as 
he, all of the men 
who served the re- 
])ublic, and those 
wlio know the heavy sacrifices tl 
a])preciate the great value of their ser\-ices. 
Young \'ogel, when i)eace was declared and 
when his services were no longer needed, was 
mustered out and honorably discharged at Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, in June, l-sii."). 

He immediately returned to his liome in vSt. 
Louis, and realizing that he must liave a busi- 
nessorprofessioii,hedeterinined toadopt the law, 
and, acting in accord with such determination, 
entered the law office of Jecko cS: Clover. Here 
lie "avc his time to the stiuK- of law for a vear. 




when he was tendered the position of clerk of 
the Police Court — an event that changed his 
plans and the course of his life entirely. He 
accei)ted the place and filled it satisfactorily for 
a period of four years, when he accepted a posi- 
tion as de])uty county clerk Tinder Chief F. C. 
vSchoenthaler, going in with that gentleman 
when he was elected to the office. 

He .served throughout Mr.vSchoenthaler's term, 
and that he made a faithful and efficient assist- 
ant is shown by the fact that he was continued 
in the position by 
the former's succes- 
sor, Mr. K. L. Car- 



he served 
when till 



CHARLES F. VOGEI 



can 



adoption of the 
scheme and charter 
the County Court 
was legislated out of 
existence. Mr. \o- 
gel's next public jio- 
sitioii was as sec- 
retary of theCouncil, 
or Ui)per House, be- 
ing the first secretary 
under the new order 
of the scheme and 
charter, John H. 
Lightner being the 
first president of that 
body. Being thor- 
oughly acquainted 
with the details of 
public service, and being urged by his friends to 
accept an elective office, he, in l!S7<S, l)ecame a 
candidate on the Re])ublican ticket for the office 
of clerk of the Circuit Court. He was elected 
and administered the affairs of the office so satis- 
factorily, that at the end of his term he was re- 
nominated, and, although like any ]^iiblic 
official who tries to do his duty, he had made 
enemies who de\eloped into a strong opposi- 
tion, he was again elected. 

At the end of his second term he determined 
to (luit the i)ul)lic ser\ice and embark in busi- 



440 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



ness. Concluding tliat the real estate line held 
out the greatest hope of remuneration, he, in 
18«7, opened an office as a real estate dealer 
and financial agent. Since the beginning, the 
returns of the business have more than met Mr. 
Vogel's expectations. The influence and pres- 
tige of the firm are steadily increasing, and it is 
already one of the leading and responsible 
houses of its line in St. Louis. Mr. Vogel's 
fair and reliable methods of transacting busi- 
ness have done much to inspire public confi- 
dence, while good judgment and wise manage- 
ment assure his entire .success. 

In 18(i9 he was wedded to Miss Laura, 
daughter of Mr. F. C. Fisher, a well-known 
citizen of St. Louis. They have one son, Oli- 
ver, and two (laughters, Estella and Fdna. 

R0.SKXHKIM, Ai.KRKD F\, the well known 
architect, is a nati\-e of this city, where he was 
l)orn June 10, bs.")i), and is therefore still on that 
side of the hill of life where the sunshine falls 
the brightest. His parents, Morris and Matilda 
( Ottenheimer) Rosenheim, gave their boy the 
best of patrimonies — an excellent education. 
He started in the grammar schools of this city 
and afterward entered the Washington Uni- 
\-ersit\-, where he took the prescribed curricu- 
lum. Desiring the benefits of foreign educa- 
tional culture, he traveled to F^urope and for 
.some time studied at the famed University of 
F"rankfort-on-the-Main, Germany. 

Then he returned to this side of the water, 
and immediately entered the celebrated Insti- 
tute of Technology, in Boston, taking his 
graduation examination and terminating his 
long course of educational training in l.s,S2. 
One purpose of his attendance at the Institute of 
Technology was to fit himself as an architect, 
for which business he had always manifested a 
natural taste and inclination, being possessed of, 
as has since been developed, an artistic hand 
and a constructive eye. After leaving the insti- 
tute, he therefore .sought and found employ- 
ment in an architect's office in Boston, and for 
three years worked in several of the leading 
offices of the "Hub." Convinced that while 



Boston might be the place to seek instruction in 
details of the craft, that St. Louis was abetter city 
in which to find commissions, he therefore 
returned in January, 1884, to this city. His first 
employment here was in the office of that vet- 
eran architect, Charles K. Ramsey, \vhoni he 
finally left to form a business connection with 
Major Francis D. Lee. 

After the latter's death in August, 188.3, :Mr. 
Rosenheim in a sense became his professional 
legatee, inasmuch as he took charge of the 
Major's unfinished commissions, and these were 
the beginning of business on his own account — 
a business which has increased year by year at 
a most flattering rate. Results are generally the 
standard by which the ability of any architect 
is determined, and in 'Sir. Rosenheim's ca.se 
they estaljlished beyond doubt the possession by 
him of a high order of talent. Among some of 
his most important creations are the beautiful 
Columbian Club on Lindell boulevard, the 
Rosenheim block, northeast corner of Ninth 
and Washington avenue, the Phipps-Wallace 
Building on Eighth street opposite the Post- 
Ofiice, Hotel Rozier, and the elegant residences 
of Messrs. Meyer, Papin, Drey, Knapp, Scharff, 
Sprague, Bernheimer and many others in the 
West F^nd, the big block of the express com- 
panies' freight houses at the new Union vStation, 
besides numerous other buildings located in all 
parts of the city. 

Combining that which is useful and sub- 
stantial in architecture, Mr. Rosenheim has a 
talent for elegant detail and effect, and of late 
years has largely drifted into the study and 
execution of interior and decorative work, in 
which department he has already gained an 
enviable reputation. He is by no means a local 
practitioner in the sense that his business is 
confined to St. Louis, for he has executed com- 
missions, and has a list of ])atrons, in Illinois, 
Minnesota, Arkansas and Ohio, as well as in 
this State, outside of St. Louis. From what he 
has thus far accomplished his friends are firmly 
conxinced that he will attain a high degree of 
both fame and success in his chosen field of 
work. 




(^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 



niOCRAPinCAL APPENDIX. 



441 



Krom his Inx'threu here in St. Louis, Mr. 
Rosenheim has heeu accorded a hi|u;h compli- 
ment by election to the secretaryship of the 
St. Ivonis Chapter of the American Institute of 
Architects, an office he has held since its reor- 
i^anization in March, 1X90, after the consolida- 
tion of the American Institute with the Western 
Association of Architects in 1S,SH. He also 
holds the more important office of director in 
the parent body, the American Institute of Arch- 



md sn])erin- 
Hitz<(ibbon. 



itects, and is a mend 
Mr. Rosenheim 
was married in LS,S4 
to Miss Frances G. 
W'heelock, of Bos- 



)f the Royal Arcai 



FiTZ 


ilBBON, JaS., 


was born in t 


le little 


town ( 


f Middleton, 


near C 


irk, I 


reland. 


on Jul 


e '1"^ 


1.S4;'.. 


I lis fa 


ther. 


Daniel 


Fit/-il 


bon, 


died 


when J 


unes \ 


vasfonr 


>• e a r s 


old. 


His 


niothei 


"s m 


a i d e n 



ifter 



lier 



.XUK 



■ath she de- 
come with 
1 (1 r e n to 
s e 1 1 1 i n .i,^ 
iprinj^field. 




b'^li'S, and was aj)pointed foreman 

tendent by his uncle, .Morris H. 

He acted in this capacity until lS7;i, when he 

set up in business for himself. 

Mr. Fitzgibbon doe.s a buildini,' and .y;eneral 
contracting busine.ss, and among the important 
buildings he has constructed are C. H. Turner's 
building. Third .street; Hoyle building, Si.\th 
and Locust; Patrick Burns' building, Christ)- 
between Si.xth and Seventh; P>annerman build- 
ing, Si.xth and Christ)-; J. S. Sullivan building. 
Seventh andChristy ; 
H. Liggett building, 
T w e n t i e t h a n d 
Chestnut; Central 
Distillers" buildings 

Cohnnbia building, 
Ivighth and Locust; 
Puritan l)uilding on 
Locust; Channing 
I-lats; Paramore 
Mats; 1). R. Carri- 
son, row of houses; 
Connecticut Mutual 
Life Insurance Com- 
pany, row of houses; 
Lackman School; 
ConcordiaClnbHall, 
and fine residences 
for the following 



nne( 



P. C. -Ml 



^entlemei 
irphv, A 



..-. Ill /.(illSBON. 



.Massachusetts, as their home. It was in that 
city tliat James was reared, and there he received 
the rudiments of his education. He afterward 
attended school for several \-ears in Ilolyoke, 
Massachusetts, and also in this latter cit\- he was 
a])i)renticed and learned the trade of a machinist. 
When nineteen years of age he went to Hart- 
ford, Connecticut, and entered tlie Plu£ni.\ Iron 
Works as a machinist. From the PhaMii.x he 
went to the Hartford and New Haven sho])s, 
where he remained four and a half years work- 
ing at his trade. He came to St. Louis in .\pril, 



bert .Mansur, Dr. 
P.ronsou, j. H. Tier- 
nan and Marcus P.ernlieimer. 

.Mr. Fitzgibbon was married in .\pril, 1^7 1, 
to Miss :\Iarv Jane Keating, daughter of Patrick 
Keating, at one time the first and most jMomi- 
nent real estate dealer of the city. He was a 
friend of many of the old real estate liolders of 
the city, .such as the Muiianphys, and as such 
had the management of their real estate. The 
couple have four children living: Francis 
Keating, Eugene, Kdward and Louise. 

Mr. Fitzgibbon's success in life is largely due 
to a sound business sense and the fact that he 



442 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



has never trusted iin])ortant business to a subor- 
dinate, Init has o;iven all liis work his personal 
supervision. 

Hoffman, Samukl, is often spoken of as the 
leading builder of St. Louis, and this statement 
is made without any intention of inviting invid- 
ious comparison, for he has the reputation by 
virtue of the fact that he has been engaged in 
the business here for over a score of years, and 
during that time has constructed some of the 
largest and costliest buildings in St. Louis. He 
was born in Stark county, Ohio, in 184(i, and 
is the son of David and vSarah (White) Hoff- 
man. When an infant but two years of age 
his parents changed their residence from Stark 
to Washington county of the same State, where 
the boy was educated in the public schools. 

Very little time intervened after he left school 
before the war broke out, and as he was one of 
those who had courage as well as conviction he 
enlisted early and marched away from home in 
Company F, of the Thirty-sixth Ohio Infan- 
try Volunteers, the regiment commanded by 
Gen. George Crookes. He made a record in 
Crookes' first fight, seeing a great deal of hard 
service and hard fighting during the three years 
he was a soldier. He was in the second battle 
of Bull Run, at Warreuton, South ]\Iountain, 
Antietam and Chickamauga; he was also in the 
important battle of Missionary Ridge, and was 
with General Thomas at Rocky Face and Hoo- 
ver's Gap; under Gen. Phil. Sheridan he was 
at the bitter engagements of Winchester, Fish- 
er's Hill, and others on the road to L>nch- 
burg, under Hunter, and also at Cedar Creek. 
It will thus be seen that he saw almost as much 
hard and actual ser\ice as any soldier who 
fought for the Union. After Cedar Creek, in 
18(54, he was mustered out and discharged, with 
a record for honorable service that any man 
should be ]iroud of. 

Returning home after his discharge he took 
contracts for the erection of buildings, this be- 
ing a line of business he had started to learn 
before his enlistment as a soldier. The locality 
near his home not furnishing as wide a field as 



he desired for his operations, he removed to 
Parkersburg, West \'irginia, where he con- 
ducted operations ver}- successfully for a short 
time; but, like thousands of other men who 
went through the campaigns of the rebellion, 
this great uplieaval produced a general unrest 
and a desire for change. I\Iany thousands of 
these returned soldiers satisfied this longing for 
activity and a change of scene, born of the rapid 
and shifting variations of war, by seeking the 
new and broad territory of the West; and Mr. 
Hoffman, becoming one of the westward moving 
army, found himself in Missouri, where he de- 
termined to locate. 

Accepting work on several large contracts, he 
first lived at Pleasant Hill and Kansas City, 
Missouri, but regarding that St. Louis was des- 
tined to be the metropolis not only of Missouri, 
but of the Mississippi Valley, he made this city 
the field of his future operations. He came ■ 
here in XXl'l, a time most auspicious for him, 
as St. Ivouis was just then taking upon herself 
new growth and life. His rise was therefore 
rapid, for he was a man who applied the golden 
rule to the execution of every contract, not only 
as a matter of principle but as a niatter of 
policy. The promptness and honesty with 
which he carried out his contracts, ga\-e him a 
reputation that brought him pxosperit\- and 
business, the man who had buildings to erect 
preferring him at a higher figure than less 
responsible builders at the lowest price. 

Within the score or more years he has plied 
his business in the city he has erected some o{ 
the largest and finest buildings, including the 
(irand ( )])era House, the Sligo Iron Works, 
Liggett i!\: .Myers Tobacco F'^actory, the new 
Mercantile Club, the Globe-Democrat Building, 
and many others. His fame has extended 
beyond St. Louis and he has executed man\- 
contracts in other cities, making a specialty in 
this field of opera houses. Among these con- 
tracts are the Broadway Theater, New York; 
Amphiton Theater, Brooklyn; National Theater, 
Philadelphia; Luberris Theater, Memphis; Grand 
Opera House, San Antonio, Texas, ;ind the 
Grand Windsor Hotel at Dallas, Texas. 



niocRAPnrcAL appendix. 



\^•^ 



BakI'.k, Alfrki) AL, son of Jost-]))! and l{llfii 
( Keaiie ) Baker, was born of Irish parents in the 
city of London, on May i', 1^(17. When he was 
Init four years of age his parents came to St. 
Lt)uis, and it was in this city that he obtained 
tlie excellent education which has lieen so 
in\-alnal)le to him in the profession which he 
has chosen. 

When he left school he entered the office of 
Mr. Charles E. Illsley, where he studied practi- 
cal architecture in all its phases. He made i^ood 
progress, and enter- 
ing the office of Mr. 
J. B. Legg, he con- 
tinued his studies 
until he became an 
accomplished archi- 
tect and a very able 
designer. 

His work has been 
of a character calcu- 
lated to perpetuate 
his name in the city. 
The M a r q u e 1 1 e 
School, generally 
conceded to be the 
handsomest public 
educational building 
in the West, was 
designed and con- 
structed under his 
snjierintendence. 
Two other very fine 
])ublic schools were ai.fkkd ; 

also erected by him. 

But it is in private residences that Mr. liaker 
has made the most remarkable record. During 
the last three years he has planned and sujier- 
inteuded the erection of high-class residences, 
costing in the aggregate considerably in e.xcess 
of !?(;()(),()()(), although the ability and economy 
of the architect kept the expenditure down to 
the lowest possible point. The residences thus 
constructed include those owned by Major Lau- 
rence Harrigan, Peter O'Xeil, Mrs. L. Schulle, 
John O'Xeil, Justin Steer, L. C. Doggett, 
Joseph O'Xeil, Adam Boeck, D. C. Ball, Mrs. 




K. I). Pattee, Mrs. H. D. i'itlnian, Mrs. Isal)el 
Douglas, K. I'. Kilgen, !■. C. Tranernicht, 
Frank Ritter, William Keane, J. P.. C. Lucas, !•. 
A. Steer, B. Wasserman and John Long. The.se 
houses represent almost every type of modern 
architecture, and are marvels of convenience 
internally. 

Few men InU twenty-seven years of age can 
duplicate such a record as this, and it is dmibt- 
fvil if the history of architecture can furnish 
another such example of architectural precocity. 
.Mr. Baker is now 
designing a number 
of buildings of even 
more costly and 
intricate character, 
and the prospects for 
his future career are 
of the brightest pos- 
sible character. 

He was married 
on F e b r u a r y 14, 
ISit;',, to .Miss Clara 
Schultc, of Xorth 
(rrand avenue, and 
Mr. and Mrs. Baker 
have a son and heir 
who has been named 
after his father, and 
who, it istobe hoped, 
will emulate his 
good example, and 
be as energetic and 
s\iccessful in his 
walk in life, 
ior member of the 
is the son 
lorn in St. 



iiAKi;k. 



Ward, Thomas J., senior 
contracting firm of Ward .\: Ha 
of a well-known workman, and 
K 



Louis October in, ixdd. His lather, being a 
workingman, well understood the importance 
of teaching his son habits of industry and thrift, 
and early, impressed on liis mind the fact that 
on his own effort and labor depended the meas- 
ure of his success in life. 

He was given the advantages of the public 
schools for several years, and then made his 
first venture in tlie industrial field as an appren- 



444 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



ticeof Win. Keane, the brick contractor. Under 
hiin he served a regular apprenticeship and came 
out a rapid and thorough brick mason. He 
then went about his work with the purpose 
always before him of attaining the best results 
and the highest excellence in his line, and, as 
a consequence, his promotion was rapid. He 
was soon made foreman for the important con- 
tracting firm of McDermott & Baker, and while 
acting in this capacity, among other important 
work, erected the Emilie Building, the Christian 
Brothers' College 
and the 'Frisco De- 
pot. Ten years ago 
he went into busi- 
ness for himself as a 
brick contractor. 

Four years later 
he formed the pres- 
ent partnership with 
William H.Hartley. 
Both members are 
practically acquaint- 
ed with the details 
of the brick business 
and in other respects 
constitute a well- 
balanced firm. 

Mr. Ward was 
married in liSHH to 
Miss Julia Passmore, 
daughter of James 
H. Pa.ssmore, the 
well-known and suc- 
cessful lumberman. 

Mr. Ward is a gentleman of great popularit\- 
and has held various official honors at the hands 
of his fellow-citizens. From the Fourth St. 
Loiiis District he was sent to the lyCgislature 
eight years ago. Three different times he has 
been elected to the House of Delegates, and 
during two years of that time filled the chair of 
speaker with distinction and ability. He has 
always proved worthy of every trust that has 
been conferred on him, and his extended popu- 
larity places within his reach in future almost 
any official position in the field of politics. 



DowDALL, John T., the oldest Ddd Fellow in 
the State of Missouri, is certainly entitled to 
more than a passing mention in a work which 
is designed to be a connecting link between the 
old and new St. Louis, and to show how the old 
river town has developed into a great metropol- 
itan city. Air. Dowdall is now nearly seventy- 
eight years of age, and he has lived in St. Louis 
more than half a century. Being of an observ- 
ant disposition, he has noticed from time to 
time, with much intelligence, various local devel- 
opments and events, 
and the editor of this 




work is mi 


ch 


debted to bin 


fo 


formation ane 


1 h 


given. 




Mr. Dowd; 


11 


native of Kei 


tut 


and was Ik 


)rii 


Henrv conn 


tv 


October ol, 


1 


Keiitiick\', : 


t 


time, was aw 


Id, 



THOS. J. WARD 



that 
un- 
cultivated district. 
I''ree schools were 
unknown and the 
pay schools were few 
and far between. As 
a result the subject 
nf this sketch had 
few educational ad- 
vantages, and it is 
only because he has 
been an indefatiga- 
ble reader for fifty or sixty years that he is now 
a well-informed, highly educated gentleman. 
When he was fifteen years of age he left home 
and was apprenticed to learn the trade of ma- 
chinery and pattern making. In l.S4() he went 
into business in Louisville, Kentucky, establish- 
ing the firm of Bunn & Dowdall, and in the fol- 
lowing year he married Miss America Owen, of 
Franklin county, Kentucky. 

ISusiness was fairly good in Loiiis\ille, but in 
l.S4;5 Mr. Dowdall saw an excellent opportunity 
to establish himself in St. Louis. He accord- 



lUOCRAPinCAI. APPEXniX. 



A\- 



in<ily sold out to Mr. liiinii, and in June, ISi:'), 
opened n]i in this city as a manufacturer of ma- 
chinery and of cotton battino;, his bein.y; the 
first firm west of the .Mississippi river to manu- 
facture the latter article. In 184() he disposed 
of this branch of the business and made a spe- 
cialt\' of iron, ojieninsij uji a large foundry and 
supplyin<;- an immense quantity of shot and 
shell to tlie Ciovernment during the Mexican 
war. Several years later he supplied the Fed- 
eral government with a larger quantity of am- 
nmnition, which was used during the ci\-il war. 

After the great fire of 1849 another depart- 
ment was added to the factory, arid castings were 
turned out in large numbers. Some of the 
castings uuulc in the old Washington foundry 
by him arc still Ijcing used in the city, and it is 
interesting to note that his firm cast the cohtmns 
for the jail, the largest that had ever been made 
at that time, and also the castings and columns 
for the Court House. 

For several years the business thrix'ed under 
various st\-les, such as Dowdall, Carr & Com- 
]ian\', J. T. Dowdall 6c Company, and Dowdall, 
Page & Compau}'. The investment approxi- 
mated a quarter of a million, and as a large por- 
tion of the capital was borrowed, the panic of 
Is.'iT gave the firm a hard shake. It rallied, 
however, but before the war was over heavy 
lo.sses had been incurred. After the foundry 
had been twice destro\-ed by fire, it was decided 
to close out the firm. Mr. Dowdall sulise- 
quently went into the i)low business, but is now 
engaged in real estate and insurance. 

Througli all these long years of prosjjcrity 
and adversity Mr. Dowdall has been the center 
of a large circle of friends. This spring he was 
])resentcd with a very valuable gold-headed cane 
bv his brother Odd I'cllows, in commemonUion 
of his long connection with that order ami the 
faithful manner in which he had lived up to its 
oliligations. He joined Boone Lodge, No. 1, 
at Ivouisville, in 1S;^!I, and has been a member 
of Mis.souri Lodge, No. 1, for half a century. 
For even a longer period he has been a member 
of the Methodist-l'.piscopal Church, and is a 
member of the Cook .\ venue Church. 



Mr. Dowdall's first wife died in isd;',, leaving 
three children, J<)sei)li A. Dowdall and two 
daughters, who are now Mrs. Mary K. Helium 
and Mrs. Mattie Smith. In 1H();} he married 
Miss Elizabeth Johnson, who died three years 
later. In 18()8 Mr. Dowdall married his pres- 
ent wife, who was formerly Miss Leonora Wool- 
dridge. Two sons of this marriage survive. The 
oldest, William F., is connected with the Mis- 
.souri Fish Commission, and the youngest, Paul 
Leroy, has just completed his education and is 
starting out in a ctimmercial career. 

KrKXZKL, .\xi)ki;\v, was born in Bohemia, 
.\ustria, January !.">, bs.')!. His parents were 
nali\es of Bavaria, ('rernuuu'. His father was 
John Kuenzel, and his mother's name before her 
marriage was Elizabeth Guenthert. He attended 
school in the town of Neuberg until he was 
thirteen years old, when he went to Reichen- 
bach to learn the trade of machinist, and was 
apprenticed for four years. When liis term of 
service expired, he went to the cit\- of Chemnitz 
and entered upon a thorough course of theoret- 
ical training in practical and applied mechanics, 
consisting of drawing, surveying and mathe- 
matics. He remained in that school for a year 
and a half, and then secured a position as 
draughtsman in the celebrated machine works 
of Wieden & Son, where he remained for eight- 
een months, when he came to the United States, 
arriving in this city in the fall of 1873. 

Possessing a thorough practical knowledge of 
machinery of all kinds, he had no difficulty in 
obtaining remunerative employment. He put 
up the machinery in the fir.st .sash, door and 
blind factory, which was established south of 
Market street. He was next eurployed to put 
up the machinery for the Great Western Sash, 
Door and Blind Factory, and afterwards took the 
position of superintendent of the establishment, 
where he remained until June, 18^3, when he 
went into business on his own account, with a 
small capital, at his present location at 271(j-"2H 
S(mth Third .street, where he noAV has a sash, 
door and blind factory, with a lumber-yard in 
connection, on the oppo.site side of the street, 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



employing in all about twenty-five workmen. 

Few men in business in St. Louis have ac- 
complished more in a few years than Mr. Kueu- 
zel, or built up so large and profitable a business 
from a small beginning. He gives his personal 
supervision to his entire business, and to this 
fact is his success to be largely attributed. 

Mr. Kuenzel was married in 1876 to Miss 
Frances Hof, of this city. They have had eight 
children — six girls and two boys — six of whom 
are living. 

Taylor, Isaac S., sou of Isaac W. and Mary 
(Stacker) Taylor, was born in Januar}-, 1851, 
in Nashville, Tennessee. Young Taylor was 
educated at the St. Louis L^niversity, taking a 
classical course in the Jesuit College and gradu- 
ating with honors in 18(i8. As a boy his hobby 
was architectural drawing, and on lea\ing col- 
lege he associated himself with Mr. George I. 
Baruett, under whom he studied architecture for 
six years. He was then admitted into partner- 
ship, the firm name being Baruett & Taylor, and 
for five years more the firm continued operations, 
the bulk of the hard work naturally falling on 
the energetic young partner. 

In 1879 Mr. Taylor started in business for 
himself and is now regarded as one of the best 
architects in America west of the j\Iississippi 
Valley. This is not the individual opinion of 
any one man, but it is the verdict of the 
immense number of capitalists, manufacturers 
and merchants who have placed their interests 
in his keeping. Few men can point to so 
magnificent a list of public buildings con- 
.structed under their management as "Ike" 
Taylor. While with Mr. Baruett he was the 
architect and superintendent of construction of 
the Southern Hotel, the first and, indeed, only 
fire-proof hotel in St. Louis. His other triumphs 
include the Meyer Brothers Drug Company's 
Building on Fourth and Clark avenue, the larg- 
est drug house in the world, and admitted b\- 
visitors from distant States and also from 
Europe to be perfect in every detail; the Liggett 
& Myers establishment on Washington avenue, 
wdiich if not quite the largest in America is bv 



far the l)est ecjuipped and best adapted for its 
purpose; and the Drummond Tobacco Factory, 
another marvel of success as a manufacturing 
establishment. Among more handsome if less 
massive structures which ;\Ir. Taylor has 
designed and brought to perfection may be 
mentioned the Hotel Beers on Grand avenue, 
the Harmony Club House, the Tony Faust 
Building on Broadway, and the Third Baptist 
Church. Outside of St. Louis Mr. Taylor's 
work is well known, and though he has frequently 
refused commissions away from home on account 
of his pressing duties in St. Louis, he has been 
able to erect some very magnificent structures 
elsewhere. Among the most prominent of these 
maybe mentioned the "National" Hotel, of 
Peoria, Illinois; the " Newcomb," at Ouincy; 
the " Crescent," at Eureka Springs, a building 
which has won praise from e\-ery one who has 
visited the health king — Arkansas Springs, and 
the elegant "Oriental," at Dallas, Texas. 

Just now Mr. Taylor's career may be regarded 
at the zenith of its success. He has just com- 
pleted the Globe-Democrat Building on Sixth 
and Pine, the finest newspaper building in the 
West, and he is also the architect in charge of 
the Rialto Building on Fourth and Olive, the 
^lercautileCIub Building on Seventh and Locust, 
the Columbia Building, Eighth and Locu.st, 
and the Public Library on Ninth and Locust. 
He now also has charge of the new Planters' 
House, one of the palatial hotels of America. 

Mr. Taylor is unmarried; indeed, he is wed- 
ded to his work, and frequently spends half the 
night thinking out new designs and planning 
further triumphs. He is one of the laud-marks 
of St. Louis, and his figure is a familiar and 
pleasing one. He owes his success, in a great 
measure, of course, to his marked aptitude for 
his work, and the careful study which he has 
devoted to it; but 'not second to these must be 
mentioned his honesty and candor, and the 
stern manner in which he resents anything ap- 
proaching neglect of duty on the part of con- 
tractors, and any shirking of any description. 
]\Ir. Taylor has never erected a building which 
has ])n)ved unsatisfactory iu any respect. 




K 



(vL ^. 




^ 



BIOdRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



vScHRArBSTADTKR, CaKI, (t., SOU of Carl G. 
and Henrietta ( Witschieber ) Schraubstadter, 
was born in Dresden, Oernian\-, May lil, 1.S27 
He was educated in the school of Rath 6c That' 
Dresden, and at the age of fourteen was appren. 
ticed to ^leinhold & Sous, royal printers and ]iub- 
lishers, who conducted a large establisluuent in 
Dresden, where the\- uianufactured lluir own 
type as well as doing a large amount of printing 
for members of the royal family and others. He 
served six years with this firm, and made an 
immense quantity of 
t\pe by hand with 
small molds and the 
ladle, casting ma- 
chines being looked 
upon as impossible 
ideas in (rermanv 
fifty \ears ago. 

In IS 4 7, his time 
being up, he worked 
as a journeyman at 
Buda-Pest, in Hun- 
gary, Prague, Lin/, 
in Austria, Munich 
in I! a \- a r i a , and 
P'rankfort-ou-t he- 
Main, and after an 
extensive experience 
in (iermauy he went 
to P^ugland, where 
he stayed for a short 
time. In 1.S54 he 
came to America, carl o. >cii 

originally with the 

intention of seeing the country, but he was so 
impressed with what he saw, that he determined 
torenuiin permanently in .\merica. He worked 
for James Connor's Sons, type founders, for a 
short time, and while trade was slack accepted 
a temporary position in the Boston Type 
P'oundry, where, however, he remained for 
twenty \ears. Being a steady and industrious 
nuxn, he sa\ed money, and in the year ]."<()'> 
purchased an interest in the foundry and took 
charge of the mechanical department. He was 
couuecled witli the hon.se during the great fire 




of 1X72, whenthe building wasentirely destroyed, 
and it was only by his vigorous efforts, with the 
assistance of some of the employes, that tlie 
foundry's valuable matrices were saved. He 
remained with the house two }ears after this, 
or until it was re-established. He then, in 1.S74, 
came west and, in ])artuershi]i with .Mr. James 
.\. Si. John, established the Central Type 
I-'oundry in this city, Mr. Schraub.stadter becom- 
ing president of the company and manager of 
the mechanical department, while Mr. .St. John 
acted as secretarv 
and l)usincss man- 
ager. 

In .Xjiril, l.sss, 
-M essrs. Schraub- 
stadter and St. John 
])urchascd a con- 
trolling interest in 
the Boston Type 
l''oiuulr\-, the same 
house of which the 
former had lieen an 
eui])]o\e for a score 
of \ears, and of 
w h i c h after the 
abo\e date he was 
]nesident and Mr. 
St. John secretary. 
( )n Xovember, 1."), 
l.^Iii', the Central 
Ty]ie Foundry and 
the Boston Type 
iHMADTHR. P'ouudry were sold 

to the American 
Tvpe Foundrv Comjiany, and Mr. Schraub- 
stadter and his partner retired from business. 
The eighteen years Mr. Schraubstadter had 
charge of the practical department of tlie 
Central Type Foundry was the period of the 
greatest development in the type-making art, 
and many changes and improvements were due 
to his ingenuity. The Central was a factor in 
the art from almo.st its infancy to the present, 
and at the time it was sold was one of the lead- 
ing houses in its line west of the Mi.ssissippi. 
The work with which Mr. Schraubstadter was 



448 



Ol^D AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



so long connected is being continued by his sons, 
who have established the Inland Type Foundry. 

Mr. Schraubstadter is a very popular man, 
especially in Oerinan circles. He is an excel- 
lent singer, having frequently appeared in ])nb- 
lic and sung in operas in Boston and vSt. Louis 
in his younger days. He is still a member of 
the Orpheus Musical Society, of Boston, as well 
as of the Liederkranz Society, of St. Louis. 
The family is a distinctly musical one, and Mr. 
vSchraubstadter takes much interest in the 
musical studies of his children. 

In the year l-Slid he was married to Miss 
Augusta vStern, of Cassel, Germany, and the 
couple ha\-e nine children living. Of these, 
Carl is in business as the head of the Western 
Engravers' Supply Company, and also as sec- 
retary of the Inland Type Foundry. Wilhelm 
and Oswald, in 1893, established the Inland 
Type Foundry, of which the former is president 
and the latter vice-president; Ida, now Mrs. 
Sohm, resides in Dresden, Germany; Richard 
has fitted himself as a mining engineer; George, 
after studying the art of brewing in Germany, 
is now brew-master of the American Brewing 
Association, at Houston, Texas; Allie, now 
Mrs. Hacker, also resides in Houston; Krnst 
graduated this year from the Manual Train- 
ing School; Emma is now the wife of Mr. 
Goertz, general agent of the Germania Life 
Insurance Company of this city. 

ShulTz, Johx a. J. — In presenting to the 
public the names of men of the city of St. Louis 
who have by force of character and energ\-, 
together with a combination of qualities and 
ability, made themselves conspicuous in pri- 
vate and public life, there is no example more 
fit to present, and none more worthy to be re- 
membered, than John A. J. Shultz. Not only 
does he rise above the standard in his line of 
business, but he also possesses in a high degree 
the excellences of human nature and christian 
character that makes men worthy and respected 
among their fellow-men. He is high-minded 
and liberal in his business; one who is alive to 
all the varying requirements of trade, whose 



operations have 1)een of the most extended and 
weighty character, who with others have suc- 
ceeded in making St. Louis the great commer- 
cial and manufacturing metropolis. 

John A. J. Shultz was born in Grantsville, 
Alleghany county, Maryland, in the year 1838, 
where he received a common school education, 
served an apprenticeship in his father's tannerv; 
later he conducted the business of said tannery 
and also engaged in merchandising in connec- 
tion therewith. In the year 18t>4 he moved to 
St. Louis and engaged in the hide and leather 
business. In LS72 he formed a co-partnership 
in the tanning business at the present location 
with Captain C. W. Ford, who was then the 
United States Collector of Internal Revenue for 
St. Louis. In 1873 Captain Ford died, Mr. 
Shultz purchased his interest in the business 
and conducted the same until LSyii. In the 
meantime he was experimenting in making the 
surface-turned full rawhide belting, the first 
belting turned out in ISTii. vSecuring a patent 
for the manufacturing of the same, the belting 
after being introduced to the public met with 
such success that he formed a stock company, 
and the Shultz Belting Company was organized 
in the spring of 1877, at which time he was 
elected president, and has been its president 
since the company has been organized — an 
honor which has been conferred upon him for 
his energy and business qualities. The com- 
pany .started with a capital of $30, ()()(); it is 
now increased to $330,000. A glimpse, how- 
ever, of the most important part is the extensive 
works at the corner of Bismarck and Barton 
streets, which stands to speak as a monument 
unto itself. This gives but a faint idea of the 
extent of the works. The factory covers a 
front of 200 feet by l<jt> feet, and comprises in all 
three four-story buildings. The business of the 
company extends to all jiarts of the globe except 
China and Egypt. The great demand for the 
belting by the electric light plants throughout 
the country has caused the Shultz company to 
identify themselves with almost every scheme 
that tends to promote the welfare of electrical 
interests. As a jjromiuent member of the St. 



BhM.RAPHlCAL APPENDIX. 



Lt)uis Klectric Clul), lie lent Iiis aid in c\erv 
])ossible way to push the work of prcjxiratioii for 
the Late electric convention which met in .St. 
Louis. He is entitled to a full measure of the 
a]ipreciation of every one in attendance. 

Mr. Shultz is the owner of a fine stock farm 
near Lexington, Missouri, where he and his 
family spend the summer, upon which farm he 
raises some of the finest trottin.e; horses in the 
.State. 

Mr. Shultz was married to Miss Mary Brown 
in 1.H59, of which 
marriage there has 
been ten children. 
Seven children are 
still li\'in.s; — four 
daughters and three 
sons. He united in 
an early da}' with the 
I^utheran Church. 
After his arrival in 
vSt. Louis he, with a 
few others, started 
and organized the 
])resent St. Mark's 
Lutheran Church, of 
which Dr. Rhodes is 
pastor. From a few 
m embers it has 
grown to a large 
church and wields a 
large influence in the 
community. 

His father was Riiono.N 

.\dam Shultz, his 

mother Miss Nancy Shockey, both born in Sum- 
erset county, Pennsylvania, the former in the 
year ITSil, the latter in 1802. They were united 
in marriage in ISIS, of which union there were 
fourteen children — nine sons and five daughters. 
His grandfather on his mother's side, Christian 
Shockey, served his country faithfully through 
the Rc\-olutiouary war. 

Ci.KARV, RKIl^r()^•l), the well-known commis- 
sion merchant, whose picture appears on this 
page, was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, 



:\Lay 1>J, l.S2!i 


where his father w 


as a 


farmer. 


He attended a 


local private school 


until 


his flf- 


teenth year. 


when he went to \ 


•ork 


on his 



inti 



he was 



father's farm, where he remained 
twenty. 

In I.S.IO he came to America and at once .set- 
tled in St. Louis, where his brother-in-law, Mr. 
P. Ryan, resided. For a year he drove a team 
for Mr. Ryan, who was a contractor on Man- 
chester road, and he ne.xt .secured a position 
under Mr. John J. .\nderson, of Carondelet, for 
whom he worked 




until 



)Lu-( 



i.s:.4 



taking 
his horses 
ng other 
ound his 



l'ortiniiextele\eii 
\fars he was en- 
gaged in the* retail 
grocery and feed 
business. In the 
year IHIi;'), he, hav- 
ing saved consider- 
able monev, organ- 
ized the firm of 
Cleary cS: Taylor, 
commission mer- 
chants, with head- 
quarters at 2() South 
Commercial street. 
In 1S7.') a 1)ranch 
establishment was 
^,,;^i^v. opened in Chicago, 

Mr. Taylor going to 
that city to take charge of it, and two years 
later the firm dis.solved partnership, Mr. Cleary 
retaining the St. Louis connection. 

Ill ISS.S he incorporated his business under 
the name of Redmond Cleary Conmii.ssion Com- 
pany, with a paid-up capital of $-200,()(KI. The 
house does a very large and exceedingly sound 
Inisiness, with :^Ir. R. Cleary at the head of it, 
having forced his way to the front from a very 
humble commencement. 

The company is very ably officered. In 
addition to having for its president one of the 



450 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



best known and most relial)le commission men 
in the West, it has for its vice-president Mr. D. 
C. Byrne, and for its secretary ;\Ir. Timothy F. 
Cleary. It has special representatives in Illi- 
nois, Tennessee, Texas, Kentucky, Nebraska, 
Iowa, and other States, and is increasing its con- 
nection every year. ?klr. CIear\- is active in all 
details of its management. 



the well-known attorney, 
n of Higdon & Higdon^c 



Hkw.on, John C. 
and member of the fi 
Longan, was born in 
the little town of 
Griggsville, Illinois, 
in l.SliO. He comes 
of old Maryland 
stock on his father's 
side, Higdon being 
a family name that 
has l»een respected 
for many generations 
in the State. His 
f a t h e r was John 
Erasmus Higdon, 
while his mother be- 
fore marriage was 
Sarah Baldwin, of 
Litchfield, Connect- 
icut. On the distaff 
side of the house, 
our subject is there- 
fore of Puritan 
stock, as old as any 
to be found in New i,,^^ ^ 

England. 

When John was six years old his parents 
located in Kansas City, and it was there that he 
received his common school education. As 
soon as he was old enough he went to work in 
a machine shop of which his father was pro- 
prietor, and it was there he accjuired a practical 
insight into the mechanism of tools, engines, 
boilers and all kinds of machinery, a knowledge 
that has been invaluable to the firm in the 
practice of law involving the intricacies of all 
kinds of patents. 

After servintr a number of \ears in the ma- 




chine shop, he took up the study of law, in due 
time was admitted to college, and after gradiui- 
tion began the practice of law, at which he 
has been very successful. 

Mr. Higdon is married, and has a family, and 
is a member of the Masonic fraternity. In poli- 
tics he is a Republican, and although he has 
never sought office, was almost forced into nomi- 
nation in 1S!I2 as candidate for Congress. 

lii'Kc.ix, Michael, who died during the spring 
of the present year, 
had during his brief 
life earned for him- 
self the respect and 
esteem of the mem- 
bers of the fiu-nitnre 
trade of this cil\ . 
He was born on No- 
vember, 1."), lS(;il, 
his father being Mr. 
Michael Bergin, Sr., 
the w e 1 1 - k u o w n 
furniture man, who 
opened the jiresent 
w business house when 

^k the subject of this 

T^ brief sketch was but 

t w o y e a r s old. 
Young Michael com- 
menced to attend 
public schools soon 
after the close of the 
11,^1,,,^ war, and he then 

entered the St. Louis 
l'ni\ersity, where he took a full course of stud)-. 
His father died in 1878, and although young 
Michael was barely eighteen years of age he 
assumed control of the business, being sub- 
sequently assisted by his two yotmger brothers — 
Andrew J. and Frank. Young as he was, ]\Ir. 
Beigin largely increased the scope of the firm's 
operations, and the old-established house became 
still better known to the trade. As a member 
of the iMirnitnre Board of Trade, Mr. Bergin's 
work was valuable and continuous, and it was 
not until the \ear l.Sil:^ that his attendance 



IU( n;A\l PI IK 'A I, APPENDIX. 



became less re>^ular. His healtli tlicii lic-i^an to 
fail, aiitl in January of this year he finally relin- 
quished the cares of the business to his brothers 
and went to San Antonio, Texas. He rallied for a 
time, but consumption had obtained too strong 
a hold upon him and he died quite a young man, 
although old in general experience and useful- 



higlily educated \-ouug la\v\ers of tlie St. Louis 
bar. 

On leaving Xcw Haven, Connecticut, he came 
west and formed a co-partnership with Mr. 
Higdon, which has probably the largest client- 
age of any patent law firm in the .Southwest. 
Although not yet twenty-eight years of age Mr. 
Longan has won by indomita])le will and energ\- 



M; 



LoNC.Ax, KinvAKii E., an abl 
expert on patent questions, and a 
is a member of one 
of the oldest and 
most pro m i n e n t 
families of ^lissouri. 
He was born at Cal- 
ifornia, in ;\Ioniteau 
county, .September 
S, lS(i(i, and is hence 
quite a young man, 
despite his promi- 
nence as a patent 
law>'er. 

His early life was 
spent on a farm, and 
at the age of four- 
teen he entered the 
classical and scien- 
tific courses of the 
University of ]\Iis- 
souri, at Columbia, 
and graduated from 
the institution the 
youngest in the class 
in June, !««(). .\t 

the age of nineteen he commenced the study of 
the law, and after three years' close reading of 
the fundamental theories of the law he was 
admitted to the bar, and completed his legal 
studies and ]iost-graduate course at Vale Uni- 
versity, New Haven, Connecticut, where he 
graduated with honors in June, IXH!'. He 
received his classical and legal education under 
the most profound instructions in America, and 
having superior advantages and being endowed 
with a vigorous and acute mind and energetic 
nature, he is without doubt one of tlie most 



in enviable rcputati 
;cientific expert, a 
■ecei\ed the appoint 




EDVV ARI) 



a ])atenl law\er and 
uld lia\e no doubt 
)f United .States com- 
missioner of patents 
would he have ac- 
cepted it. He has 
iu>t only achieved a 
])heuomenal success 
as an attorney , but by 
shrewd and judicious 
inxestments has ac- 
cumulated con- 
siderable property. 

.Mthough not an 
active politician or 
office-seeker he is a 
strong Democrat and 
never loses an oppor- 
tunity to assist in 
advancing the causes 
and triumphs of 
Democracy. He is 
a member of nt> 
church but is spirit- 
uall\' inclined and 
I „^,j^„. has a veneration for 

the Scriptures. 
Though possessed with a fine honest face and a 
singularly charming manner and affable disposi- 
tion he has never been a zealous student of the 
art of making himself agreeable to society — his 
time being exclusively devoted to his profes- 
sional and business duties, and attending per- 
sonally to the wants of his large and ever 
increasing clientage. 

^\x. Longan is a prominent M degree Mason, 
and is a member of all the Masonic bodies and 
Missouri Consistory, No. 1, of the Ancient and 
Accepted Scottish Rites. 



452 



OLD AND NEW Sr. LOUIS. 



Dellachi,i.a, Stkphkx, one of the leading 
American-Italians of St. Louis, is a native of 
sunny-skied and historic Italy, and was born 
October 4, 1850, in the little sea-port town of 
Chiavari, situated on the Mediterranean, twenty 
miles north of Genoa. He is the son of Eman- 
uel and Marie Dellacella. The former was 
fitted for the bar and practiced law in Italy, but 
after coming to America he engaged in the mer- 
cantile business. Mr. Dellacella attended school 
in Italy, from his sixth to his tenth year. 

When Stephen 
had reached that age, 
his parents had emi- 
grated to America 
and settled at Mem- 
phis, Tennessee, 
where the elder Del- 
lacella engaged in 
the boot and shoe 
trade. At Memphis, 
Air. Dellacella was 
reared until he was 
fourteen years old, 
when, his youthful 
imagination fired by 
patriotism for his 
adopted country, and 
with true \outhful 
rashness and thirst 
for adventure, he en- 
listed in the Federal 
army, without pa- 
rental consent. He 
was fourteen years 

old at that time, and probably the }-oungest 
soldier in the lluion ranks, but he had the cour- 
age and grit of a true veteran, and served under 
Sherman until the cessation of hostilities. 

His exjjerience, far from abating his ardor, 
developed within him a liking for military life, 
and at the end of the war he enlisted in the reg- 
ular standing army. In this service he re- 
mained three years, and received his discharge 
in his eigliteenth year; while yet a bov, he was 
still a veteran. 

While in the regular army he was stationed 




STEPHEN DELLACHl.l . 



most of the time at the month of the Yellow- 
stone. After his discharge he came east and 
located at Sioux City, Iowa, where during the 
two years of his stay he started to learn the 
marble-cutting trade. Then he determined to 
visit his old home in Memphis, but when he 
reached that city he learned with the deepest 
sorrow that both of his parents had died. Dur- 
ing the few years following his return to Mem- 
phis, he alternated between that city and vSt. 
Louis, carrying on a general commisssion trade, 
which in that day 
proved \-ery profit- 
able. 

In 1.S74 he met 
and married the lad\- 
who is now his wife. 
Miss Susan Sini])- 
son, a native of Kn- 
gland, who had only 
been in this countrx' 
a short time when 
she met her present 
husband. His mar- 
riage had much to do 
with Mr.Dellacella's 
determination to set- 
tle down. vSt. Louis 
offered him good 
prospects, and he 
settled in this city 
and embarked in the 
general produce 
commission busi- 
ness. This line of 
until about six years ago, 
ontrol of the New K\'erett 
h he has man- 



trade he followed 

when he secured 

hotel, at Olive and Fourth, wli 

aged ever since. 

Mr. Dellacella is a thoroughly self-made man. 
He was able to enjoy the benefit of little school- 
ing, but his education has been obtained by the 
.smoothing influences of actual contact with the 
world. The adverse circumstances he has been 
comiK'Ued to overcome, have been converted by 
him into i)eneficial lessons, and he is to-day a 
successful business man and a leader of the 



Bh H'.RA riflCA I. APPF.NI^IX. 



American-Italian colony in this cit\-. He takes 
a lively interest in public matters and is influ- 
ential in local counsels of the Republican party. 
He is literary in his tastes, and would have made 
a good newspaper man, had he turned his atten- 
tion in that direction. 

It was Mr. Dellacella who was one of tlie 
most active organizers of the American-Italian 
Cavalry, composed of the leading citizens of 
Italian birth in St. Louis, and which was 
organized with the expectation of taking a lead- 
ing part in the open- 
ing of the World's 
Fair. 

:\Ir. Dellacella is 
a member of the 
Ancient Order o f 
United Workmen, 
and took a leading 
part in the National 
convention of the 
order in this city in 
1.S!I2, acting as 
masterof ceremonies 
and grand marshal 
of the parade. He 
is also a member of 
the Knight s o f 
Pythias and the 
Crrand Arm\- of the 
Republic. He has 
Init one c h i 1 d — a 
daughter nearing 
womanhood. GEoR<ii; o 

Mr. Dellacella is 
a haud.sonie, powerful looking man, and is the 
very picture of good health. 

Barxett, Georgh D., the son of Cicorge I. 
and Elizabeth (Armstrong) Barnett, was l)orn 
in St. Louis on the 7th of October, l.S(i;5. He 
was thoroughly educated at private schools and 
the Christian Brothers' College. After complet- 
ing his scholastic studies he entered the office 
of his father and pursued a course of instruction 
in architecture, both in theory and practice. 

In September, 1«.S!», he formed a co-partner- 




ship with John J. Ha\iies, under the firm name 
of Barnett S: Haynes, which has been liigliK' 
prosperous up to the present time, the firm rank- 
ing among tlie first in St. Louis. 

The more conspicuous of his many professional 
undertakings are noticeable in the \'isitatiou 
Convent, the Schola.stic Building of the Jesuit 
College, the fine building occupied b\ the \- . X. 
Drew Glass Company, the elegant residence of 
R. E. Stockton, the St. Rose's Church, Mar- 
quette Club, Sodality Hall, the Lewis C. Nel.son 
Building, and many 
others that reflect 
honorable c r edit 
upon the al)ilit\- and 
.superior ta.ste of the 
architect. 

He was married 
to Mi.ss Nellie R. 
Haynes, of St. Louis, 
a lad\- of many ac- 
coinplishnients, and 
daughter of Thomas 
and Mary ( Parrel 1 ) 
Haynes, by whom he 
has one c h i 1 d — 
George Haynes. 

Mr. Barnett has 
established a fine 
rei)Utation as an 
architect a n d is 
rapidly rising in his 
profession to be a 
II worthy successor to 

h i s distinguished 
father, whose achievements are well known. 

Mii.i.ER, Thom.X.s p., whose portrait appears 
on the next page, has made himself exceedingly 
popular bv his efficient management of the vSt. 
James Hotel, which is situated on Broadway at 
the corner of Walnut street. It practically ad- 
joins the Olympic theater, and has always l)een 
looked upon with favor by members of the the- 
atrical and nuisical professions, thousands of 
whom are personally acquainted with the sid)- 
ject of this sketch. 



454 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Vlx. Thomas P. Miller has been proijrietor of 
this hotel for about sixteen years, during which 
time he has practically reconstructed the 
establishment, so numerous and complete have 
been the changes he has made in order to secure 
the comfort of his guests. The hotel is now 
lighted by electricity throughout and is fitted up 
with every modern convenience. 

It has two hundred rooms and, in addition to 
a transient trade of great proportions, it also 
does a very large business in the provision of 
homes for residents. 
The dining-room is 
V e r y conmiodious 
and will seat three 
hundred people 
easily. The table is 
exceptionally good, 
and in many respects 
is fully equal to that 
at the most costly 
hotels. 

Although popular 
prices prevail, every 
provision is made 
for the safety and 
comfort of guests. 
In order to minimize 
the risk of fire, the 
kitchen, boiler-room 
and bakery are 
located in a building 
altogether distinct 
from the hotel itself, 
an advantage in 

many ways, in addition to the great reduction of 
risk. 

Each of the two hundred rooms is pleasantly 
situated and substantially furnished. The hotel 
is heated by steam, and it is also provided with 
a very satisfactory elevator service. Its office 
and rotunda are conveniently located, and large 
crowds of capable actors as well as prominent 
business men are frequently to be found in the 
latter. 

Another cause of the popularity of the St. 
James is the street-car service within a stone's 




THOMAS P. MILLER. 



throw of it. The Broadway cars, taking pas.sen- 
gers to both the north and south ends, pass the 
door, and the Fourth Street Cable, the Cass 
Avenue and Fair Grounds line, the South St. 
Louis Electric, the Forest Park and Laclede, and 
the Tower Grove and Shaw's Garden lines are 
all within the shortest possible distance on foot. 
]\Ir. Miller's personal attention to the needs 
of his patrons, and his marked ability as a hotel 
manager and general caterer, are so conspicuous 
that to those who have visited the hotel anv 
reference to them 
would appear super- 
fluous. But it is in- 
teresting to note 
how much has been 
accomplished by the 
gentleman whose 
]uctureis reproduced 
on this page. St. 
Louis has for some 
years suffered during 
festivity and conven- 
tion seasons from a 
lack of hotel accom- 
modations, (in these 
occasions the St. 
James has done more 
than its share of the 
work of entertain- 
ing, and the numer- 
ous boarders ha\e 
cheerfully co-oper- 
ated in the work of 
hospitalit)-. 

Havdkl, Dr. Fraxci.s L. — St. Lonis has 
been fortunate in the men who have filled tht- 
real estate ranks, and in none more so than 
in the man who has the distinction of being 
at the head of the oldest real estate agency 
in vSt. Louis. The firm of Haydel & Son, of 
which he is the head, was known for many 
years as John Byrne, Jr., & Company. It was 
established more than half a century ago by 
Mr. John Byrne, Jr., who came to St. Louis 
from New York in 1h;?9 and opened up a real 
estate business the following \ear. The subject 



n/0(,RA/'/f/CA /. APPRNDfX. 



4.'.", 



of tliis sketch became associated in business 
with Mr. Byrne just at the end of tlie war, 
relieving the founder of much of the hard work. 
The latter, however, always declined to retire 
entireh- from business until he had completed 
his se\eut\-fifth year, and durin.t^ the remaining 
nine \ears of his life he took a great interest in 
the firm, enjoying up to almost tlie day of his 
death quite a reputation as an expert in values. 
Every western historian of the time consulted 
Mr. Hyrne frequently, and liis knowledge of 
local histor\' and the 



Louis, and es]x-cially for the real estate fraternity. 
For many years he was a director and indeed a 
guiding spirit in the old .St. Louis Real Instate 
Kxcliange, and it is interesting to note that liis 
sou, .Mr. H. L. Haydel, is now taking an equally 
])rominent interest in the real estate exchange 
of to-day. 

The firm with which Mr. IIa\'del lias been 
connected for many years is as important as it 
is old-established. When its principal first 
went into business there was little specula- 
tion, and the most 



current events oi 
a h a If cent u r \- 
crowded with oc- 
currences of startling 
importance was 
remarkable. 

Mr. Ha>del was 
l)oru in vSt. James 
Parish, Louisiana, 
in I.Sr^'S. He was 
educated at St. 
Xavier's College, 
Cincinnati, and later 
at Pope's Medical 
College, as the St. 
Louis Medical Col- 
lege was then called. 
Ha\ing obtained his 
degree he took 
charge of the pulilic 
dispensary, but later 
returned to his native 
State and earned 
([uite a reputaticm ;: 
returned to St. Loi 
with his father-in-l;i 
alreadv stated. Sinc( 
medicine entirely, ; 
clings to him. His 




ipon 
•^ted 



uit 



rk cor 

lectin 



■; a plusician. hi l.si;.'i he 
is and associated himself 
iv, Mr. John Byrne, Jr., as 
that time he has abandoned 
Ithongh his old title still 
oldest son, Harry L. Hay- 
del, has been a.ssociated with him in business 
for the last fifteen years, and four years ago the 
1)1(1 name of John Hyrne, Jr., & Company was 
ilroi)ped and that of Haydel & Son assumed. 

In some respects Dr. Haydel's life has been 
uneventful, but he has done good work for St. 



estates. C.radually 
the scope of the 
operations enlarged, 
until now Haydel & 
.Son are cons])icnons 
in almost e\ery line 
of b n s i 11 e s s con- 
nected with realty. 
b'or many years the 
lending of money on 
deeds of trust has 
been a specialty, and 
several millions of 
eastern capital ha\-e 
been placed by the 
house where they 
liave brought good 
r e t u r n s for liie 
investors and also 
enabled the borrow- 
ers to embark iu euteriuises and effect imiirove- 
ments of immense importance to the city. 

The reputation for conservatism and probity 
which both past and present members of tlie firm 
have always enjo)-ed has also led to very large 
sums of money being placed in their liands for 
investment at their discretion, .\lways quick 
to read the direction in which high-class 
improvements were traveling, Mr. Haydel has 
been able to place his clients' money in such a 
manner as to enable them to reap very sub- 
stantial returns without proportionate risk. 



HAM)hl 



456 



OLD AND NEW Sr. LOUIS. 



Haydel & Son are now giving special attention 
to one of the most picturesque suburban districts 
of St. Louis. This is Fairview Park, on the line 
of the new electric railroad to Kirkwood, and a 
subdivision which has the benefit of electric 
lights and improvements of by no means an ordi- 
narv character. 



s a 2:)rominent mem- 
•ood lumber business, 
such great 



a\e assumed 



Hkllkr, Michakl J., 
ber of the St. Louis hard\ 
whose proportions 1 
magnitude during 
the last few years. 
Although quite a 
young man, Mr. Hel- 
ler is held in high 
repute by his associ- 
ates in business, and 
is regarded as one of 
the shrewdest and 
most reliable buyers 
in the trade. 

He was born in 
St. Louis November 
24, 1867, being the 
son of Michael and 
Elizabeth Heller. 
His father's name is 
well known to those 
w h o have studied 
the history of St. 
Louis during the 
last fifty years. He 
was for many )-ears ^, , ,, 

the senior member 

of the well-known firm of Heller & Hoffman, 
chair manufacturers, relinquishing his interest 
in that concern a few months ago, when he pur- 
chased the St. Louis Glue Company's works. 
Before the adoption of the scheme and charter 
which made St. Louis an independent city with 
no county affiliations, he was a judge of the 
county court, and he discharged his duties with 
great ability and with satisfaction to all. After 
retiring from the bench he retained his reputa- 
tion for judicial ability, and also made a great 
reputation as a successful and exceedingly 




enterprising chair and furniture manufacturer. 
Mr. Michael J. Heller, the subject of this 
notice, was educated in and graduated from that 
great institution of learning, the St. Louis Uni- 
versity, in 1884. L^pon leaving college, with 
the business energy inherited from his father, he 
entered the employment of Methudy S: Meyer, 
the leading hardwood lumber dealers of the city 
at that time, with whom he remained until 1887. 
In that year he organized the firm of Smith & 
Heller, associating his interests in the hardwood 
lumber business with 
William M. Smith. 

He sold his inter- 
est in this firm Jan- 
uary, 18!t3, and in- 
corporated the M.J. 
Heller Lumber Com- 
pany, of which he 
holds the position of 
secretary and treas- 
urer. That firm has 
achieved a gratify- 
ing success, a n d 
stands financially 
and otherwise among 
the strong firms who 
give character and 
widespread i n f 1 n - 
ence to the mercan- 
tile and industrial 
operations of this 
great interior city. 
1 1 I _, An inviting future is 

before h i m, a n d 
while he grasps the energies of present activities 
in commerce and the industries, he can look 
forward witli confidence in his own integrity 
and courage. 

S.\uKRBRrxN, Georgk. — George Sauerbrunu 
is one of the many German-American citizens 
of St. Louis who have done so much to make the 
western metropolis, and who have been so gener- 
ally successful. The subject of this biography, 
the son of Val and Christiana Sauerbrunn, was 
born in Ba\aria, Germany, April 14, 18.')7. He 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



came to America with his ])arents wlicu four 
years old, and spent his early youth in Cape 
Girardeau county, where his parents settled. 
There he received a good education, leaving 
school at the age of sixteen to establish his own 
fortune. 

He at once apprenticed himself to a firm to 
learn the bricklayer's trade, serving an appren- 
ticeship of three years, or until a foremanship 
was offered him by James Stewart, whose men 
he directed for three years. In l.HiSo he 
determined to enter 
business for himself, 
and since then has 
conducted a general 
brick contracting 
business in a manner 
that has made him 
wealthy. 

With the contract- 
ing business he soon 
combined various 
deals in real estate 
and the construction 
of buildings on his 
own account, and as 
a result he is now 
the owner of many 
valuable buildings 
in \arious parts of 
the city. He has 
built many of the 
residences in \'ande- 
venter place and 
along Leffingwell 

and Hell avenues, and built the West Kud Hotel, 
which has proved such a great cou\-enieuce in 

Mr. Sauerbrunu is also heavily interested in 
tile .Sauerbrunu Wagon and Carriage Company, 
and is the president of that corporation. In 
fraternal circles he is an influential member of 
the Knights of Pythias, and is also a member of 
the Order of ..?igis. 

-Mr. Sauerbrunu was married to Miss ICmnui 
Lohide, daughter of Chas. Lohide, of St. Louis, 
in l.ssi. They have five children. 




QEORQE SAUERBRUNN. 



Daltox, Hon. Richard .M. — Like .so many 
men who have risen to marked success and have 
left the impress of their individuality on the 
affairs of this republic, Hon. Richard M. Dal- 
ton is a native of Ireland, and like .so many other 
of the strong and virile class of men that countrv 
has given to this, he has worked his wa\- from 
the bottom to the top — is the architect of his own 
fortune. He was born February ;i, l.S4;j, in 
Tipperary, and while he was yet a babe his 
parents joined the tide setting toward the New 
World, finding a 
resting place at Leb- 
anon, Ohio. There 
the father, John 
Dal ton, died, and 
the widow, whose 
maiden name was 
Maria Armstrong, 
afterward moved to 
St. Louis, Missouri. 
When the war broke 
out, young Dick, 
though but a boy of 
si.xteen years, was 
among the first to 
offer his .services to 
h i s country. He 
enlisted in the Third 
Missouri Cavalry, 
and for four years 
did hard and gallant 
service throughout 
Missouri, Arkansas 
and Louisiana, and 
was discharged after the ces.satiou of hostilities, 
in August, l^i!'). He served under Col. John 
M. (ilover and (icueral Steele. 

Owing to the death of his father and the 
straitened circumstances of his family, he was 
compelled to help earn a support for him.self and 
mother's family instead of going to school in his 
vonth. After the war he determined to repair 
to some extent this neglect of early education, 
and accordingly went to Hamilton, Ohio, where 
a brother lived, and attended school for some 
time. In 1«()(J he returned to Mis.souri, locating 



458 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



in Ralls coiiiitw He sous^ht work and found it 
as a farm hand, but he was not by any means 
satisfied to remain in such a position, and was 
soon at work trying to better his condition. He 
was ambitious to become a lawyer, and began 
study by borrowing books of friendly attorneys 
and poring over them between the hours of 
regular labor. It is shown that he was a most 
industrious student by the fact that in LSiiX he 
passed his examination and was admitted to the 
bar at the county seat, New London. He 
enjoyed a good practice from the start, and was 
so prosperous that in ISTli he was enabled to 
buy a farm in Ralls county and retire thereto, 
as he felt himself drawn in an irresistible way 
to the soil. 

He still continued the practice of law, how- 
ever, and as he had always taken a deep inter- 
est in politics, his influence in that field is now 
beginning to be felt. This resulted in his 
election to the Thirty-sixth General Assembly, • 
and as chairman of the ways and means com- 
mittee he made a record that stamped him as a 
man of political ability and understanding. 
From 188X to 18S)() he was a member of the 
Democratic State Central Committee, and by his 
work as such proved himself a thorough poli- 
tician. Such had become his prominence in 
State affairs that at the solicitation of thousands 
of friends he decided to become a candidate for 
governor. He made a most brilliant campaign, 
and led his competitors from the beginning. 
He went into the convention at Jefferson City 
with a plurality of the votes, and held them 
through several ballots. His friends stuck to 
him loyally, but through the defection of the 
other delegates to Stone, the latter was given 
the nomination. Nothing .showed the magna- 
nimity and broad liberality of Mr. Dalton so 
much as the hearty support he gave to his erst- 
while opponent. He made a thorough canvass 
of the State and the big Democratic majoritv 
given to Stone must be largely credited to Dal- 
ton. His part>- loyalty and fidelity had attracted 
the attention of President Cleveland, and May 
23, 18H;-i, he was named as surveyor of the port 
and collector of customs at St. Louis, and has 



held the office since his confirmation by the 
Senate. From what he has already done it is 
predicted that a bright political future awaits 
him. 

Mr. Dalton is a Ma.son, Royal Arch Chapter, 
and Knight Templar, is a member of the Legion 
of Honor, of the Royal Arcanum and Knight of 
Maccabees. 

Deceniber 21, 18()9, he was married to Mary 
Rebecca Biggs, of Ralls county, who gave him 
two boys and died in 1880. In 1882 he was 
married to his present wife, who was Mrs. Lucy 
W. Card, of Ralls connt>-. 

Ram.skv, Charlk.s K., is the son of John and 
Mary P. ( Kirkpatrick ) Ramsey. He wasborn 
at Monticello (now Godfrey), Madison county, 
Illinois, March 'li, 181.'); came to St. Louis 
with his jjarents in 1S49; was educated in the 
public schools and Lyman Institute of this 
city, and after taking a special course at Wash- 
ington University went to Europe in ISdii, and 
studied architecture in Paris. 

Returning from Paris in the fall uf ISTO, Mr. 
Ramsey opened an office and went into business 
on his own account. Afterwards he was in part- 
nership with Mr. F'. Wm. Raeder ( Raeder & 
Ramsey), and then with W. Albert Swasey 
( Ramsey & Swase>), and subsequently alone. 

Many of the handsomest and most co.stly res- 
idences, and a number of the largest buildings 
used for manufacturing and business purposes 
in this city were planned and erected by Mr. 
Ramsey, and are standing and enduring testi- 
monials of his superior architectural skill and 
abilit\-. Notably among these nia\- be men- 
tioned the splendid private residences of (Gov- 
ernor D. R. Francis, John D. Perry, and Ed- 
ward Mallinckrodt, at Vandeventer place; George 
Wainwright, on Delmar avenue, and Mrs. Ames, 
on Lindell a\-enue; the Houser Building, the Cat- 
lin Tobacco F'actory, the warehouse of John A. 
Scudder, and the magnificent new office palace, 
the Wainwright Building, at the northwest corner 
of Seventh and Chestnut streets ; and also the 
Union Trust Building, in which Messrs. Adler& 
Sullivan, of Chicago, were associated with him. 



ni( n .RAP I lit A A APPENDIX. 



.Mr. Ramsey is also snperiiileiukiit of con- 
struction of buildings for the ruited .States 
government in this city. 

The name of Mr. Ramsey is to be found on the 
rolls of the Masonic order, the Knights Tem- 
plars, the Legion of Honor, and the Knights of 
Hduor, in all oi which societies he is active. 

HKi.LMrXH, Philip Frank, is one of the most 
]io]nilar and competent dental surgeons in St. 
Louis. This talented young dentist is not yet 
forty years of age, 
having been born in 
this city in the year 
IS.Vt, two years after 
his parents, who 
were natives of Crer- 
nuui\-, had located in 
St. Louis. His fa- 
ther, Mr. Matthias 
H e 1 1 m u t h , was a 
prominent ci\il engi- 
neer in the employ of 
the (lermau govern- 
ment, and his moth- 
er, Mrs. Regina (Mor- 
genstern ) Hellmuth, 
was the daughter of 
a iiromineutCierman 
citizen. 

In l.s.')7 .\[r. and 
Mrs. Hellmuth 
ni()\ed to Lebanon, 
Illinois, and it was 
in I h e c n ni ui o n 
schools of that cit\- th 
educational training, 
inelimin 




t Philip received Ins first 
.\fter acquiring a good 
education he entered the seminary 
at St. James, IMissouri, where he remained until 
he was seventeen years of age, when he became 
associated with Dr. Louis G. Howard, at Leb- 
anon, Missouri, where they o])eued a dental 
office. 

He remained for two years with Dr. Howard, 
and in 1878 moved to Highland, Illinois, where 
he ojiened an office on his own account. 

During these years of early work Dr. Ilell- 



uuith found time to carry on a systeuuitic course 
of study at the Missouri Dental College, and in 
1X78 he took the degree of L.D.S., passing his 
examination in a highly creditable manner. 
vStill persevering in his studies, he in the vear 
1879 took the degree of D.D.S., and in IXIKI 
graduated as a ]diysician in the St. Louis Med- 
ical College, taking the degree of M.I). with 
honors. 

Since the year LSIM) Dr. Ilelhnuth has been 
practicing both in St. Louis and at Highland, 
Illinois, in both of 
which cities he is 
exceedingly popular 
aiul much respected. 
He is a prominent 
member of the St. 
Louis Dental Soci- 
ety ami the St. Louis 
Medical Societ\-, of 
the .v. (). r. \V. 
and of the Knights 
of Honor, and is one 
of the most popular 
members of his pro- 
fession in the city. 
He is also, at this 
date, lecturer in the 
Woman's Medical 
College on dental 
pathologv and oral 
surgery. 

The Doctor niar- 

Miiti. Mil. ried in the year 187() 

Miss .\dele Bandy, 

and has two children, Kdgar and Philip, both 

heaUliy, active and iutelligeul boys. 

0'H.\R.\, Hk.xrv — The subject of this brief 
sketch was born June 1, 1844. He left his 
parents at the age of eleven years and located 
at New Utricht,on Long Island, Xew York, and 
in this little town he attended school until he 
was sixteen years of age. 

When he reached that age, it was ju.st that 
])eriod of change and unrest which preceded 
that mighty upheaval known in history as the 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



civil war. The hoy was infected by this lest- 
lessness, and bidding adieu to the friends witli 
whom he had lived so long, he set out into the 
world to win his own fortune. His first jour- 
ney was a long one, and ended at New Orleans, 
where he began his search for work. Having 
inherited a strong physique, he was stronger 
than the average man, and was, therefore, able 
to secure and hold a job as fireman on the New 
Orleans, Jackson &; Great Northern Railroad. 
He performed the arduous duties of this task so 
well and faithfully that he drew upon himself 
the recognition of his superiors, and within a 
very short time was given charge of a construc- 
tion train. 

However, he ran this train but a very 
short time, as the war was then fairl}^ inaugu- 
rated and he could not resist the impulsive 
promptings of his patriotism. Therefore, leav- 
ing his train he enlisted in his country's defense, 
joining the artillery branch of the service, under 
General Dahlgren. Later he was changed to 
the command of General Gardner. His alert- 
ness and courage soon won him promotion, 
and he was made guide of artillery. In a short 
time he was still further promoted to the rank 
of lieutenant. At the fiercely contested battle 
of Decatur he was wounded almost to death, 
one of his legs being shot away. But this calam- 
ity did not dispirit him in the least, seeming 
rather to increase his enthusiasm and add to 
his courage, for after leaving the hospital he 
secured an artificial leg, returned to his com- 
pany and served gallantly until peace was de- 
clared. When the surrender took place he was 
at Demopolis, Alabama, and was there honor- 
ably discharged. 

Casting about for a livelihood after peace was 
declared, he began by going into the lumber 
business, a good opening having offered at Brook 
Haven, Mississippi. This venture proved very 
successful and he remained at Brook Haven until 
liS74. In this year he visited St. Louis on 
business connected with lumber, and was so 
favorably impressed with the city that it resulted 
in his removal and permanent location here. 
Two years later, or in 187(), he accepted a re- 



sponsible position in connection with the car 
service of the Cairo Short Line, where he con- 
tinued until 1891, and then resigned the place 
to accept the presidency of the St. Louis, Chi- 
cago & St. Paul, commonly called the "Bluff 
Line." A year previous to this change, or in 
1890, he was elected president of that vast inter- 
est known as the Union Refrigerating Compan\', 
with its capital of $2,(M)(),0()0. He is also pres- 
ident and largest stockholder of the Landsburg 
Brake Company. All these responsibilities he 
has administered with signal abilit\', showing 
conclusively that he is a man with talent to 
successfully engineer great enterprises, and a 
man to whom others naturally look as a leader. 
Besides the above named undertakings, he is 
largely interested in the Hick's Stock Car Com- 
pany and a number of large car building com- 
panies. 

He belongs to two fraternal societies, the Le- 
gion of Honor and the Knights of Honor. His 
marriage took place in 1882, to Miss Eliza P. 
Howland, of Sondovel. They have had six 
children, the names of the five living ones being: 
Buelah, Gertrude, Henry, Jr., Benjamin Harri- 
son, and Onedia. 

]\Ir. O'Hara is yet in the prime of life, yet 
few men attain such a success as his in an en- 
tire life-time. His success, too, is all due to his 
own efforts and has been fairly and honesth' 
earned. He is of that class to whom, in a coun- 
try where merit alone is used as a standard of 
measure, Americans accord a special honor — 
the self-made man. Most men encounter obsta- 
cles in their careers which they are never able 
to surmount ; he has laughed at every adverse 
circumstance that would inevitably have dis- 
couraged men of less strength of character, 
while adversity has come but to increase his 
courage. He is a genial, optimistic, a good 
companion and an unfailing friend. He is a 
man of great will-power, is endowed with fine 
mental faculties, and while he seems especially 
adapted to the railroad business, he has those 
elements of superiority within him which would 
make his success certain in any calling of life 
he mio;ht have chosen. 




— jrS^j^^^t-t-^y 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



Harti.icv, William H. — The sul)ject of this 
sketch is the junior member of the brick con- 
tractino- firm of Ward & Hartley. Like Mr. 
\\'ard, he has a thorough and practical under- 
standing of the business which he conducts, 
having came to such knowledge of its details 
by making it a regular occupation and making 
tlie start at the beginning. After all, such 
thorough knowledge is almost absolutely neces- 
sary to success in any line of business whatso- 
ever. He is a native of St. Louis, wherein he 
was Ijorn in l.S(i2. 
He spent his youth 
at home and at the 
liul)lic schools, or 
until he had attained 
the strength to go 
to work. 

His father was a 
bricklayer, being 
considered a leader 
in his trade, and was 
for many >-ears fore- 
man for Anthony 
Ittner; and young 
William determined 
tc) follow the trade 
of his father. He 
])ragressed so rapidly 
in his chosen field 
that he was .soon 
rated as the fastest 
la\er of "stock" 
brick in St. Louis. w m. m 

For several years 

.Mr. Hartley had personal cliarge of important 
details of the work of Mr. Ward, his present 
partner. vSix vears ago he was advanced from 
the post of emplove to ]>anuer, and since then 
has given his entire attention to the brick con- 
tracting business. 

The firm is recognized as standing at the to]> 
of its business, and recently secured the brick 
contract for both the new City Hall and the 
new Union Station. In l.s!M) Mr. Hartley was 
married to Miss Marie Bruner, who, however, 
died within two years after her wedding day. 




GoTTSCHALK, Frkdkrick, was born in Wez- 
lar, Rhenish Pru.ssia, August H, 1«2X. Both 
his father and mother, Charles and Margaret 
( Luther) Gottschalk, lived to a mature old age, 
the former dying in IXli.") and the latter in IHiiT. 
Young Frederick was educated in tlie e.xcellent 
schools of his native land, and for four years, 
or until he decided to emigrate to America, ■ 
made his living by teaching school in F'rance. 
When he reached America in 1 ><.")() he .settled in 
Cincinnati, but within three months went to 
iM-ankfort, Ken- 
lucky. 

In the latter city 
he met Miss .Susan 
Ilolenian, to whom 
lie was married in 
IS.-, I. In I.S.-,4 he 
moved to Louisville, 
Kentuckv, and hav- 
ing before this de- 
termined to adopt 
the law as a profes- 
sion, he entered the 
law school of the 
Louisville Uni- 
versity, and gradu- 
ated in 18.")5. In 
!«.")« he again sought 
a new field, hanging 
out his shingle at 
Dubuque, Iowa, 
which city later 
elected him city at- 
torney. .\l the first 
call of troops to jjut down the rebellion, Mr. 
Cxottschalk enlisted in the First Iowa Infantry, 
and went to the field as captain of Company H. 
In the same year he was wounded in the battle 
of Wilson's Creek and compelled to return to 
his home at Dubuque, where, after his wound 
had healed, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel 
of the Twelfth Iowa Infantry; declining to for- 
swear his Democratic principles, the governor 
refused to deliver his commission, and he again 
took up the practice of law. 

In 1870 the Captain came to St. Louis, where 



462 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



his brother, Judge Louis Gottschalk, was made 
circuit judge. Captain Gottschalk then took 
into partnership his son, Edward L., who is a 
graduate of the St. Louis Law School, and 
together they have built up a remunerative 
business. In his practice Captain Gottschalk is 
a painstaking and reliable attorney, and is a 
citizen who has always taken a deep interest in 
public affairs. 

To his first wife, who died in 1.S70, four sous 
were born — Edward L. is his father's partner, 
Alfred is in the mer- 
cantile business, 
Frederick is a printer 
and William is dead. 

In 1872 Captain 
Gottschalk married 
again, his bride be- 
ing Ottilie Sew^ald, 
widow of A. Reip- 
schlager. They have 




however, as he was offered a situation as the 
salesman for the real estate firm of Terry &. Scott, 
but he was soon convinced that only by entering 
business on his own account could he attain the 
success to which he aspired, and in September, 
185K), he accordingly opened a real estate office 
in Carondelet, making insurance also a feature 
of his business. 

Shortly before his death, the business was in- 
corporated under the title of Carondelet Real 
Estate Company, with Mr. Lange as president. 
He was a young man 
of remarkable busi- 
ness activity, and 
besides holding a 
membership in the 
Mercantile Club, was 
also a member of the 
Merchant s' \\ x- 
chaugc,aud was a di- 
rector of the vSouth- 



two children. 

LAXGK, Wll.I.IA.M 

B., a prominent 
South St. Louis man , 
who was cut off just 
at the outset of his 
usefulness, in Janu- 
ary, 1894, before he 
had completed his 
twenty-sixth year, 
did a great deal to 

bring S o u t h S t. william b 

Louis interests to 

the front during his brief but enterprising career 
as a real estate operator. He was the son of 
William C. and Matilda ( Follenins ) Lange, and 
was born in St. Louis, February 27, 18(>8. He 
received his elementary education in the public 
schools and then entered the celebrated Uni- 
versity of Michigan, from which he graduated 
in the class of 188!t. 

On his return to St. Louis he was elected to 
the secretaryship of the Real Estate Exchange, 
and this was the beginning of his real estate 
career. He held the position only a short time, 



eru Commercial and 
Savings Bank. He 
was also honored by 
appointment to a 
membership on the 
Mnllanphy Board in 
18111, in which )ear 
he was also a candi- 
date for the School 
Board. 

Mr. Lange was 
married in Decem- 
ber, 1889, to Miss 
Florence G., daugh- 
ter of Mr. .\. W. Alexander, of this city. His 
death occurred very suddenly in January, l.s;i4. 

CjI.KNNN', Johx, son of Sauuiel and .Vuna 
(Hilt) Gleuny, was born in Lebanon, Ohio, 
March l>, 1>>27. Mr. vSamuel Gleuny was of 
Irish descent, and was born in New Jersey in 
the year 1804. Mrs. (jlenu)- was born in New 
Jersey in the year 1801 of English parents. She 
is still living and is held in very high regard b)- 
an immense number of relatives and friends. 

;\Ir. John tileuny's early days were spent in 



RIOCRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



4(13 



the Stale of Oliio, and lie was educated at the 
]ml)lic schools of Lebanon, going through an 
entire course and graduating at the age of fif- 
teen. Even at that very early age he developed 
strong mercantile instincts, and liad been in busi- 
ness on his own account for four years when he 
attained his majority. His first commercial vent- 
ure was in the slaughtering and pork packing busi- 
ness, in which he continued at Lebanon until he 
was twent\ -twi) years of age, when he came to 
St. Louis, feeling that he had acquired sufficient 
k now! edge of the 
l>usiness to ctnuluct 
it in a nietrojiolitan 
city with large dis- 
Ivibutiug facilities. 

In the year bs.")(i 
he established the 
firm of ]\loone\-, 
Clenuy & Company, 
in the Udrlli end of 
this city, the firm 
doing a very large 
business in ])ork and 
continuing without 
a change in the firm 



latter year, .Mr. 
Cilenuy disjiosed of 
his interest in the 
firm, and purchased 
t h e grocery estab- 
1 i s h m e n t at the 
corner of vSeventh joh\ . 

and Olive, changing 

the Inisiue.ss title of the house to .Merry & 
(ileuny. This firm continued business for fif- 
teen \-ears with great success, ranking among 
the leading grt)cery fi 
the war. 

In 1«7() he devoted 
ness, establishing the firm of (ileuny I'.rothers, 
at 112 North Si.xth street. The brothers intro- 
duced into the city new methods in the glass 
trade, and by handling an immense sti-)ck, and 
selling at exceediugK- rea.sonable prices, they 
managed to build up one of the largest gla.ss 




,f thecilv all th 
^elf to the glass 



establishments in the city. In the vear 1SS4 it 
was deemed advisable to still further increase the 
capacity of the firm, and it was accordingly in- 
corporated as the Cilenuy Brothers Glass Com- 
pany, with a capital stock of $;")(), OOO. :Mr. John 
(ileuny was elected president, Mr. S. H. (ilenn\-, 
vice-president, and Mr. William .\. Rulter, 
secretary. .At the same time the firm mo\ed to 
larger and more convenient ])remisesat Nos. 217 
and "ill! South Sixth street, where the company 
now carries on an exceedingly large and profit- 
able business in glass 
of every description, 
the firm making a 
s])ecialtv of window 
glass. ■ 

During his life- 
time Mr.C.lenny was 
regarded in the glass 
trade as one of the 
ablest and best in- 
formed men in the 
business, and he was 
liighh- respected by 
a large circle of 
friends. In addition 
to hissnccess in busi- 
ness, Mr.Glenny has 
done yeoman service 
in St. Louis in be- 
half of a number of 
organizations and so- 
cieties with wliich he 
I ^^^ was connected al- 

most from boyhood. 
He was a verv enthusiastic Mason, and was a 
member of the (ieorge Washington Lodge, Xo. 
'.I, .\. I'', and .\. M., from its organization until 
his death. I""or forty-four years he was an active 
memi)er also of the .Vncient Order of United 
Workmen, and was treasurer of the .\. F. and 
.v. W. Lodge for over twenty-five years. He was 
also a member of the St. Louis R. A. Chapter, 
No. s, and of the Hiram Council, No. 1, of R. 
and S. Masters, as well as of the St. Louis Com - 
manderv. No. 1. h"or over thirty years he was 
treasurer of the comniandery, and his attention 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



to the business of the order was productive of 
immense good to all connected with it. Mr. 
Glenny was a great believer in members of so- 
cieties attending lodge meetings, and he had a 
record in one of his societies of not having 
missed a meeting for upwards of twenty years. 
Among other organizations designed for the 
benefit of non-capitalists, he was a member of 
the Garrison Mutual Building and Loan Associa- 
tion, and as president of that institution, suc- 
ceeded in elevating it to a very high rank among 
building associations generally, the association 
being regarded as one of the soundest in the 
West. 

He married in the year 1.S52 Miss ]\Iaretta W. 
Hall, daughter of Mr. John H. Hall, one of the 
pioneers of St. Louis, he having resided in the 
city since the year IX-IO. Mrs. Glenny died in 
the year 18fi(i, leaving seven children — five boys 
and two girls. In 18(j8 Mr. Glenny married 
Mrs. Henrietta Friedenburgh, of St. Louis, and 
by his second marriage Mr. Glenny has one 
daughter, Clara Jessie G. Mr. Glenny's death 
occurred April 14, 18!*4, after having lived a life 
of singular fidelity to himself and exceptional 
usefulness to his fellow-man. 

PiRiE, Andrew Hud.sox, son of James A. 
and Eliza H. (Hudson) Pirie, was born at 
Hartford, Connecticut, July 30, 185t). His 
parents moved to Milwaukee when he was quite 
young, Mr. Pirie being engaged in the banking 
and insurance business. Hudson received an 
education in a high-grade private school in Mil- 
waukee, and made his start in life as a clerk in 
a grain and commission house. His next work 
was as traveling salesman, at which he achieved 
great success. In 1884 he came to St. Louis, 
and was appointed secretary and treasurer of the 
Garrison-Chappell-Pirie Paper Company. This 
corporation is now known as the St. Louis 
Paper Company, of which Mr. Pirie is still sec- 
retary and treasurer. 

Mr. Pirie is a Republican in politics, and an 
active member of the St. Mark's Episcopalian 
Church. He is a sound business man and has 
worked hard in the interests of the firm of which 



he is a member, and which is now known 
throughout the West and Southwest as one of 
the most substantial paper houses in existence. 

Mr. Pirie married in 1884 Miss Lillie Garri- 
son, daughter of Mr. Oliver Garrison. 

McCoRMiCK, D.wiD, was born on April 1, 
1864, at Winchester, Virginia. His ancestry, 
both on the paternal and maternal side, is note- 
worthy as one pre-eminently distinguished. His 
father, Dr. William A. McCormick, was a native 
of Pennsyh-ania, yet in his youth he made Win- 
chester, \'irginia, his home. He was a graduate 
of Yale, receiving the degree of M.D., and also 
of the Philadelphia College of Dentistry. Among 
his classmates and companions was Governor 
Curtin, known as "Pennsylvania's War Gov- 
ernor." His health failing, he adopted the pro- 
fession of dentistry, to which he devoted the 
greater part of his active life. At the time of 
his death, March 22, 1893, he was secretary and 
treasurer of the Winchester and Potomac Rail- 
road Company, which position he had held for 
some years prior. 

David McCormick's mother, Charlotte Fou- 
shee-Parker, was a native of Virginia. She was 
a direct descendant of the celebrated family of 
Parkers known as the Navy Parkers of England, 
and Earl of Mclnsfield. Again, David McCor- 
mick is a great-grandson, on his maternal side, 
of Dr. William Foushee, of Richmond, \'irginia, 
who, in his day, was widely known and ranked 
pre-eminent in the editorial field. 

David McCormick received his primary educa- 
tion at the public schools of Winchester, \'ir- 
ginia. While engaged in the study of ci\il 
engineering, preparatory to entering the navy, 
he went to old ]\Iexico, where he worked upon 
the Mexican National Railway, and while still 
a youth he was entrusted with the management 
of fi\-e thousand Mexicans and Indians employed 
upon this work. 

Upon returning from his visit to Winchester, 
young McCormick located in the timber regions 
of Niido, which supplied the building, bridge 
and tie timbers for the southern end of the 
Mexican Central. Later he was engaged as 



rUOC.RA PHICAL APPENDIX. 



engineer on the Guadalajara, which is the Pa- 
cific division of tlie railroad; whereupon he was 
appointed engineer and superintendent for the 
contracting firm of Wieser & Friesch, building 
the heavy part of the main line of the ^Mexican 
Central over the Zacatecas ^Mountain, which 
connected the northern and southern branches 
of the road. 

Young McCormick passed the winter of 18S-1 
in the city of Mexico, and in the spring of the 
same year came out of Mexico on the first 
through train ever 
run from Mexico into 
the United States. 

Having first passed 
a few months of rec- 
reation in Virginia, 
Baltimore, Ken- 
tucky, Washington 
and New York, suc- 
cessively, lirown- 
Howard & Company 
employed him on the 
building of the New 
York aqueduct, on 
which contract he 
was engaged during 
the }ear of LSS."). 
Following this he 
was sent to Canada, 
there to look into 
some silver mining 
on the north shore 
of Lake Superior, in ija\:i) ,'. 

what is known as 

the Port Arthur region. In ISST, one year 
later, the contracting firm of Brown-Howard & 
Compan\-, who were then constructing the Du- 
lulh. South Shore & Atlantic Railway, called 
him to the south shore of Lake Superior, there 
t^) act as engineer. The latter part of the year 
1S,S7 found him stationed at Kansas City, where 
he joined his three brothers, and under the firm 
name of the McCormick Construction Company 
they 1)uilt the Eighth street tunnel for the ele- 
vated railway. He next superintended the 
construction of the Hiawatha water-works at 




Hiawatha, Kansas. Upon the completion of this 
contract he entered a field somewhat new, yet 
entirely in keeping with his previous occupa- 
tion. After having been in the employ of the 
paving contracting firm of A. J. McBean & Com- 
pany, of Chicago, the well-known firm of J. B. 
Smith & Company of the same place allotted 
to him the entire management of their paving 
contracts in Kansas and Missouri, making Kan- 
sas City his headquarters. He continued in 
this position until the spring of 18!»1, when the 
Barber Asphalt Pav- 
ing Company placed 
him in charge of the 
agency of their cor- 
l)oration at .St. Louis 

CllAI'l'KI,!,, \Vix- 
TiiRoi' GiL.M.^x, son 
of John T. and Mary 
1'",. (Johnson ) Chap- 
1)011, was born in .St. 
Louis X()\-eml)er 4, 
1S.">.;. His father 
was a well-known 
Si. Louisan and a 
UK inber of the Chap- 
])ell-\'alle Company 
until the year IS?."), 
when he died. 

Young Chappell 
was educated at Wy- 
man's Institute, and 
.uu iicK. '''• '■''^ ^?^ *^^ seven- 

teen left school, and 
was appointed shipping clerk with Snider & 
Holmes, then one of the leading paper houses 
of the West. His advance in the firm was 
rapid. He was promoted to be entry clerk after 
a few months' service, then served as city sales- 
man and finally as head salesman. 

Ill 1884 he left the employment of Snider & 
Holmes, and, a.ssociating himself with Mr. Gar- 
rison and Mr. Pirie, started the Garrison-Chap- 
pell-Pirie Paper Company, of which corporation 
he was appointed vice-president. Three years 
later his firm bought out the establishment of 



466 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Snider &; Holmes, in which he had learned the 
business, and changed the name to the St. 
Louis Paper Company, Mr. Chappell continu- 
ing vice-president. The company has since 
bought the paper department of the St. Louis 
Type Foundry, and has now an enormous con- 
nection in the printing and newspaper trades 
west of the Mississippi Valley, with a large 
number of customers east of the big river. 

Mr. Chappell married, in 1881, Miss Carrie 
Garrison, daughter of Mr. Oliver Garrison. 
He is a member of 
the Royal Arcanum, 
and also of the 
Grand Avenue Pres- 
byterian Church. 
Although not yet 
forty years of age, 
Mr. Chappell's ex- 
perience in business 
matters has been ex- 
ceptionally large, 
and he is regarded 
with great esteem 
by his numerous ac- 
quaintances. 

TenBroek,Ger- 
RIT H., the subject 
of this sketch, was 
born in St. Louis, 
and was educated in 
the common schools 
and the St. Louis oerrit h 

High School. His 

father was Henry and his mother Gepke ( Die- 
kenga) Ten Broek. As will be seen by the 
names, he is of Dutch origin. 

In 1880 he established the Ten Broek Agency, 
subsequently taking a course at the St. Louis 
Law School, and being admitted to practice in 
1886. He has devoted himself principally to 
the mercantile branch of the law. Through the 
business of the Ten Broek Agency he became 
acquainted, either personally or by correspond- 
ence, with several thousand attorneys scattered 
all over this country and abroad. The idea of 



uniting these correspondents into a regular or- 
ganization occurred to him in 188(), and resulted 
in the formation of the Associated Law Offices, 
an organization of attorneys aiming to secure, 
by co-operation, interchange of information and 
emj^loyment of the same contracted correspond- 
ents, the highest efficiency in their respective 
collection departments. 

Mr. Ten Broek has had the satisfaction of see- 
ing this organization steadily grow in numbers 
and influence, and its value and eflSciency ac- 
knowledged by all 
who are identified 
with it. In 1885 
^Ir. Ten Broek es- 
tablished The Mer- 
cantile Adjuster., of 
which he is .still the 
editor, and still holds 
the controllinginter- 
est. It is a monthly 
legal publication, is- 
sued from New York 
city, containing in- 
formation of especial 
interest and value to 
credit men, collec- 
tion managers and 
commercial law}-ers. 
That there was a 
place for a magazine 
of this kind is proven 
In- the rapid growth 
i;n liRoiiK. of its circulation, 

nearly (),()00 copies 
being issued monthly, and circulating not only 
in the United States, but in every conntr)- in 
the world which holds commercial relations 
with this country. 

While residing in St. Louis, Mr. Ten Broek 
has offices both in this city and New York city, 
his principal office being in St. Louis in the 
Turner Building, and his New York office in 
the Times Building, Park Row. 

Mr. Ten Broek is a Republican in politics, 
but is not a partisan or a bigot. He was mar- 
ried in LSito to Miss Frances Colby, of St. Louis, 




BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



4(i7 



and thus it can lie said of him that he is a St. 
Louis man in e\-ery respect, ha\-in.<^- been Ixnn, 
educated and married in the city in which he 
has established such a hi.^li reputation as a 
hiwyer and le<;al pulilislier. 

FissE, William Edmund, is one of tlie most 
prominent members of the St. Louis bar. Mis 
reputation for sterling integrity, as well as for 
oratory and legal tact, is of the highest, and like 
his partner, ^Ir. Chas. Claflin Allen, he enjoys 
the confidence and 
respect of the legal 
fraternity and of the 
mercantile commu- 
nit>- generally. 

.Mr. Fi.sse is a vSt. 
Louisan b}- birth, 
education and pro- 
fessional connec- 
tions. His father, 
Mr. John H. Fisse, 
was for forty years 
a \ery prominent 
man in this city. 
He not only was 
\-ery successful in 
his own affairs, but 
he showed great dis- 
interestedness in his 
actions and devoted 
an immense amount 
of energy and ability 
to public matters. 
He was constanth- 
importuned to represent the people in various 
capacities, and wdien he was prevailed upon to 
accept nominations, his record invariably justified 
the confidence, and e.xcused the importunity of 
his constituents. 

.Mr. W. E. Fisse is not yet forty years of age, 
he having been born in St. Louis on August 20, 
\^hl. Naturally a very bright boy, he made 
excellent progress in the public schools, and then 
took a very full course at Washington llni\'er- 
sity, a seat of learning which has turned out so 
manv of our best-known citizens. Having 




determined to make his mark in the legal pro- 
fession, Mr. Fisse entered the Cambridge (.Mas- 
sachusetts) Law School in bsso. Here he 
pursued his studies with praiseworthy assiduity, 
and on his return to St. Louis continued to read 
law and was finally admitted to the bar. 

He did not have to wait long for clients, and 
very soon established himself as a safe and 
reliable attorney who gave to his clients' inter- 
ests conscientious attention at every step. He 
is, as already mentioned, a member of the firm 
of Allen & F^isse, the 
partnership dating 
from January, lSil2. 
^Ir. Fisse has al- 
read\- commenced to 



WILLIAM EDMUND FISSK. 



folk 


w in the foot- 


ste]) 


■; of his father. 


and 


the ser\-ice he 


lias 


•endered to the 


I.ul)l 


ic while on the 


Sch( 


>ol P.oard has 


bee I 


of a most \-alu- 


able 


character. He 


has 


nsisted on sound 


business principles 


aclu 


iling not only 


the 


])olicy of the 


boai 


d, but also its 


every act, and while 


n () t 


]) o s i n g as a 


the 


)retical econo- 


mist 


, he has opposed 


e\ery attempted ex- 


tra\'agance and 



irregularity, frequently with signal success. 

In October, I.S.S.t, Mr. Fisse married Miss 
Margaret Dietrich. 

Murphy, D.wid, belongs to that class of 
those St. Louisans who have raised themselves 
to their present position by their own unaided 
efforts, and he is one of the public men and 
enterprising citizens of the metropolis. He 
was born in the artillery barracks at Woolwick, 
where his father, John Murphy, of Belfast, Ire- 
land, was sergeant of artillerj- and librarian of 



468 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



the officers' librar)-. The latter died at New- 
ark, New Jersey, in 1880; his mother, Ann 
(Mason) Murphy, preceded her husband, dying 
in 1877. 

In 1842, when David was very young, his 
parents sought a new home in America. They 
located in the old town of Hartford, Connecti- 
cut, where the boy attended the public schools. 
Later, in 1844, they removed to New York City, 
and their son continued his studies in the public 
schools of that city. When he left the New 
York schools he went to Lawranceville, New 
Jersey, and for three years worked on a farm. 
Concluding he was better fitted to some mechan- 
ical trade, he left the farm and went to Brook- 
Ivn, New York, where he worked for a short 
time at learning the gas-fitter's trade; but it 
seems that the young man could not easily 
make up his mind as to an avocation in life, for 
we find that he stayed in Brooklyn but a short 
time, and then went to Morrisania, New York, 
and began learning the carpenter trade, but was 
compelled by the stagnation of the building 
business to abandon his desires, and in 1853 he 
returned to New York City and secured work at 
driving a street car on the Third Avenue Rail- 
road; but still pursued by a dissatisfaction with 
his surroundings, an unrest only through which 
the condition of mankind has been bettered, ]\Ir. 
Murphy in 18,t5 left his Third avenue car and 
went to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, and began work as 
a carpenter, pursuing this vocation successfully 
in the towns of Des Moines, Burlington and 
Keokuk until 1858, in which year he came to 
St. Louis and secured work on the IMissouri 
Pacific Railway, then in process of extension. 
The next year he changed his location to 
Franklin county, this State, where he contrived 
to work at the carpenter trade. But he was 
ambitious to secure a better education, and in 
the fall of 1859 began attendance at school. 
The following summer he taught school, and 
was still teaching when the war broke out. 

Mr. Murphy was one of the very first to re- 
spond to the patriotic call. April 20, isiil, he 
organized a company, which was one of the first 
bodies of men from the interior to reach St. 



Louis, where the company became a part of 
Frank P. Blair's First Missouri Volunteer Infan- 
try. At the battle of Wilson's Creek, August 
18(il, ;\Ir. Murphy was severely wounded in the 
knee and was compelled to lie for some time in 
a hospital. When he had recovered, a vacancy 
was created especially for the purpose, and he 
was promoted to be captain of Battery F, First 
Missouri Light Artillery, Colonel James Totten, 
who succeeded Colonel F. P. Blair, and sent to 
Southwest Missouri, serving in that department 
during the year 1862, when he became connected 
with the Army of the Frontier. At the battle 
of Prairie Grove, which was fought December 
7, 181)2, such was the conspicuous efficiency of 
the battery commanded by Captain ]\Iurphy, that 
the latter was, at the special request of General 
F. J. Herron, elevated to the rank of major of 
said regiment. In the summer of 18H;-i he was 
chief of artillery under Major-General Herron 
at the siege of Vicksburg, and after the capitu- 
lation of the city returned to St. Louis, but in 
l.SfU entered .service again, enlisting as first 
lieutenant and adjutant of the Forty-seventh 
;\Iissouri Infantry, Colonel Thos. C. Fletcher, 
stationed at Pilot Knob. He was assigned to 
command the artillery in Fort Davidson, and 
when Price with 12,000 men made his raid 
through Missouri, Lieutenant Murphy did gal- 
lant ser\ice in the work of repulsing him. Pro- 
motion is always certain to find such soldiers as 
]Mnrpliy, and he was soon made lieutenant- 
colonel, and colonel, successively, of the Fif- 
tieth IMissouri Infantry. As such he had com- 
mand of the regiment and was inspector-general 
of the di.strict of St. Louis. 

On being mustered out, he returned to Frank- 
lin county, where he was appointed circuit attor- 
ney of the Ninth Judicial District, serving in 
that capacity until the summer of 1866, when 
he was made a special agent for Missouri of the 
post-office department, serving therein until the 
summer of 1869. In the spring of 1867 Colonel 
]\Iurphy established the Franklin county Ob- 
server, which he edited and published until July, 
l.S7(), when he determined to devote his entire 
time and talents to the law as a profession, and 




)^^^ />^c:^^^^^iO^ 



RlOC.RArUlCAL APPENPfX. 



469 



therefore disposed of the Observer^ and coininj^- 
to St. lyouis entered the St. Louis I^aw School. 
In 1871 he graduated, and has since devoted 
liis attention to regular practice. 

Colonel Murphy being a man of natural abil- 
ity, it was to be expected that he would ])e 
called on to occupy- public positions. Among 
such places, may be mentioned the presidency 
of the MuUanphy Relief Board, in which he 
served as a member from 1876 to 1881. In 1882 
he was appointed circuit attorney of St. Louis, 
to serve during the 
disability of the in- 
ciimbent. In the 
\ear 18S4 he was 
nominated for the 
office of attorney- 
general for the State 
of Missouri by the 
Republican party, 
and made an active 
canvass of the State. 
The same compli- 
ment was bestowed 
upon him in 1892. 

In February, 18(>3, 
Colonel Murphy was 
married to Miss Ellen 
F. Foss, of Maine, 
who died in the same 
year. In 18()() hewas 
married to his pres- 
ent wife, Miss Mary 
Jane Bainbridge, of 
De Soto, Missouri. 

She is a daughter of the late Colonel Allen 
Bainbridge, who during his life was a close 
friend and companion of General John A. Logan. 

It will be seen that the career of Colonel Mur- 
phy has been a most active and varied one. As 
farmer boy, carpenter, street car driver, teacher, 
editor, soldier, lawyer and public official, 
through all changes, he has been governed by 
an ambition to rise, and has realized that only 
by doing the work before him well could he 
hope to merit success. That is the rule that he 
has applied through many changes; and that it 




is a good one, is demonstrated liy the measure 
of success he has earned. To-day, he is con- 
sidered by the membership of the bar an able 
lawyer, stands high in the confidence of the 
people as a citizen, and as both soldier and 
civilian has certainly well earned the general 
esteem accorded him. 

Kkrsh.\w, J. Martini-:, is a native of St. 
Louis, and his parents were James M. and Mar- 
garet E. Kershaw. In the year 1(J42 there 
arrived at the jiort 
of New .Vmsterdam 
( now New York ) a 
Dutch Holland ship 
with a number of 
Huguenot refugees, 
who had escaped 
from France during 
the ci\il war and 
sought refuge in Hol- 
land. Among the 
number who arrived 
at the above named 
port was Jacques 
Lainartine du Car- 
shaw, afterwards 
spelled Kershaw. 
He was the head of 
the Kershaw family. 
The father of the 
Doctor was a bank- 
note engraver, and 
had no superior in 
this or any other 
counlrv. He was an artist in the fullest sense 
of the term. To show his .skill he engraved the 
Lord's Prayer and the Ten Commandments on 
a steel plate the size of a gold dollar, a feat 
never accomplished by any other artist. He 
was a true artist and a lover of books. His as- 
sociates were such men as Thomas H. Benton, 
James B. Eads, McDonald, the sculptor, and 
Meeker, the painter. He was one of the judges 
in the Art Department at the P^air Grounds for 
a number of years while the late Gerard B. 
Allen was president. 



MARTI^E KERSHAM 



470 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



The Doctor comes from a family of lawyers 
and ministers, Bishop Provost, at one time rector 
of Trinity Church, New York, being a great- 
granduncle. His paternal grandfather was a 
Presbyterian minister. He owned a farm upon 
which more than one-half of the city of Brook- 
lyn now stands. Being devoted to his calling 
as a divine, and knowing little of business mat- 
ters, he allowed this property to slip through his 
hands, which would have made his heirs many 
times millionaires. 

After receiving the training of excellent 
schools of his native place. Doctor Kershaw be- 
gan the study of medicine as the private pupil 
of the renowned, but eccentric, surgeon, Profes- 
sor Joseph Nash McDowell, at the old McDowell 
College, at the northwest corner of Eighth and 
Gratiot streets. After finishing the course with 
Surgeon McDowell, he entered the Homceo- 
pathic Medical College of Missouri as the pri- 
vate student of Professor E.C. Franklin, and from 
which institution he graduated in the early sev- 
enties. About this time he took a special course 
in practical anatomy with the now celebrated 
Doctor William Tod Hehnuth, of New York. 
Doctor Kershaw, early in his career, began to 
devote himself to the study of diseases of the 
brain, spine and nervous system. For several 
years he lectured at the clinics for nervous dis- 
eases at the Homoeopathic College of Missouri, 
and also at the Missouri School of Midwifery. 
For ten years Doctor Kershaw lectured on dis- 
eases of the brain and nervous system at the 
Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri, and 
is now professor of the practice of medicine in 
that institution, devoting all his lectures to dis- 
eases of the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. 
He is also a member of the board of trustees 
and president of the college syndicate. Doctor 
Kershaw has written a great deal. He is the 
author of the several chapters on diseases of the 
brain and its membranes in Arndt's "System 
of Medicine," the best book on general med- 
icine in the Homoeopathic school. He has also 
written over fifty monographs on nervous dis- 
eases, among them being "The Relation of 
Brain Compression to Infantile Lock-jaw," 



"Treatment of Sick Headache," "Causes of 
Sudden Death after Si.xty Years," "The Im- 
mediate Treatment of Apoplexy," "Auxiliary 
Measures in the Treatment of Congestion of the 
Brain," "The Treatment of One-sided Paral- 
ysis," "Epilepsy versus Crime." The Doc- 
tor's hobby is diagnosis. He has lately written 
an able article on this subject, entitled "The 
Value of a Medical Opinion." Several years ago 
Doctor Kershaw invented a heat-carrier, which 
he has used with success in the treatment of 
paralysis. He has also made an improved 
brace for the treatment of hunch-back — better 
known as Pott's disease of the spine. He was 
also the first surgeon to successfully use the 
collodion cap in the treatment of cerebral 
hernia. 

Doctor Kershaw is a member of the Amer- 
ican Institute of Homoeopathy, the Western 
Academy of Homoeopath)-, the Missouri Institute 
of Homoeopathy, the Hahnemann Club and the 
St. Louis Homoeopathic Medical Society. Of 
this latter society he is now the president. He is 
an ex-president of the Missouri Institute of Ho- 
moeopathy, and is an active worker in this and 
every other society and body of which he is a 
member. 

He was married some years ago to Miss 
Katrine A. Dickson, a society lady, directly 
connected with several of the oldest and best- 
known families of Missouri. Mrs. C. Purdy 
Lindsley, of New Haven, and ]\Irs. William H. 
Stevenson, of St. Louis, are sisters of Mrs. Ker- 
shaw, while Mrs. Daniel Houser, Mrs. Charles 
H. Turner and Mrs. Douglas Cook are cousins. 
The late Mrs. Ellis Wainwright was also a first 
cousin of Mrs. Kershaw. The father of Mrs. 
Kershaw was a man of books, a student until 
the day he died, and celebrated as an engineer, 
inventor and scientific investigator. The Doc- 
tor's wife has one accomplishment — she is a 
model housekeeper. Every inch of her house, 
from the cellar to the store-room, is in as perfect 
order as the parlors of this well-kept and well- 
ordered household. Mrs. David T. Breck, of 
Ferguson, i\Iissouri, is the only sister of Doctor 
Kershaw. 



BIOCRAPIflCAL APPF.NniX. 



471 



Havxes, John- I., of the architectural firni 
of Barnett & Hayues, was born in St. lyouis, 
.March 1, ISfU. His father, Thomas Hayiies, 
was a nati\e of England, while his mother was 
Ijorn in Ireland. They were married in Kn- 
oland and shortly afterward came to .\merica. 
Young John, when old enough, was sent to the 
]nddic school in this city, continuing in attend- 
ance thereat until seventeen years of age. 

He early developed a taste as well as a talent 
for drawing, and when he left school he started 
in with George I. 
I'arnett, of Barnett 
lK: Taylor, to learn 
the architectural 
business, staying in 
this position until 
the members of the 
firm dissolved part- 
nership. He then 
secured employment 
with Isaac Taylor, 
and for a term of ten 
years had charge of 
his ofhce. This was 
a responsible posi- 
tion, but Mr.Ha\-nes 
left it to accept an 
appointment in the 
city building com- 
missioner's office. 
His appointment 
was for four years, 
but he served only i„hv, , 

one, resigning to 

form the present partnership with Mr. (leorge 
D. Barnett. 

The firm lias been in existence upward of 
five years, and at the present time enjoys a 
reputation and patronage which entitles it to be 
considered one of the successful finns in its line 
in the West. Mr. Hayues personally is of 
suave and pleasing address, is an energetic 
worker and a thorough business man. 

He was married this year, March 17, 1S!»4, to 
Miss Harriet L. Hclery, daughter of Henry 
Helerv, deceased. 




I'iKi:, .SiiKR.MAX B. — One who in the future 
nmsl be rated as a pioneer in St. Louis in the 
development of electricity, that great motive 
power whicli is to revolutionize the world, is 
Sherman B. Pike, at tlie present time .secretary 
and treasurer of both the .Missouri Electric 
Light and Power Company and the Wagner 
Electric Manufacturing Company, of this city. 
Mr. Pike is a native of St. Louis, where he 
was born in January, l.sr)3, his parents being 
E. C. and Harriet .A. (Williams) Pike. He 
acquired his educa- 
tion at the Cit\- l"ni- 
versity, of St. Louis, 
of which lulward 
Wyman was then 
])rincipal, and at the 
renowned Episcopal 
Institute, located at 
I')U rli n gton , \'cr- 
mont. 

He adopted mer- 
cantile pursuits after 
leaving school, but 
finally became en- 
gaged in the opera- 
tion of the Excelsior 
electric plant, at 
:^11 Locust street, 
where he continued 
until the organiza- 
tion of the Missouri 
l-;iectric Light and 
^^^.^j;^ Power Company, in 

I'Ss;). He was one 
of the active movers in its organization and 
was made general manager, which place he held 
until made secretary and treasurer. He is con- 
sidered one of the best posted electricians in the 
city. 

Mkrrvman, John Frank, son of Joseph R. 
aiul Harriet (Gabriel) Merryman, was born at 
Mount \'ernon, Kentucky, September 14, 1854. 
His mother died in the year l.S.")(>, and his father 
moved the same year to Mis.souri. John P'rank 
was educated in the public schools and attended 



472 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



the University of Missouri at Columbia during 
the years 18(J9 and 1870. He then entered 
Bethany College, West Virginia, where he grad- 
uated in 1873, in the class in which Champ Clark 
was first honors man. Continuing his education 
Mr. Merryman attended St. Louis Law School 
in 1874, and having graduated was admitted to 
the bar in St. Louis in 187;"), and at once com- 
menced the practice of law. 

His career at the bar has been a singularly 
successful one. Mr. Merryman's legal educa- 
tion is second to that of no man in the State, 
and he yields to none in points of assiduity and 
loyalty to the interests of his clients. He was 
elected a member of the State Legislature in the 
year 1880 as a Democrat, Mr. Charles Clailin 
Allen going from the same district as a Repub- 
lican. He served in the Thirty-first General 
Assembly with great success, making an excel- 
lent record and bringing to bear an unlimited 
amount of common sense in the deliberations of 
the legislators. As a law-maker Mr. Merryman has 
few equals and still fewer superiors, and the im- 
press he left on the statute-book of the State will 
l)ear record to his ability long after he has ceased 
his career. He also rendered a good account of 
himself in the called session of 1882, and then 
retiring from active political life settled down 
to the steady practice of law. During the last 
ten years he has built up a practice at once 
remunerative and honorable. He represents 
.some of the oldest and best families in St. Louis, 
as well as some of the wealthiest corporations. 

He married in February, 188G, Miss Mary P. 
Johnson, daughter of Governor Charles P. John- 
son. He has two bright, intelligent children — 
Elvira and Frank Johnson. 

Fames, Willi.\m S., was born August 4, 
1857, at Clinton, Lenawee county, Michigan. 
His parents, William H. and Laura M. (Sco- 
field) Fames, moved to St. Louis in 18(;8. He 
was educated in the public schools of this city, 
and in Washington University, graduating from 
that institution in the class of 1878. 

Having decided to adopt the profession of 
architecture, Mr. Fames worked as a draughts- 



man in local offices for three years, and in 1881 
went to Furope in the pursuit of his studies, 
making a complete tour of the continent before 
returning to America. Shortly after his return 
he was appointed deputy commissioner of public 
buildings, which position he held up to the 
year 1886, when he formed a partnership with 
Mr. Thomas C. Young, under the firm name of 
Fames & Young, which is still in existence and 
is regarded as one of the leading architectural 
firms in this city. 

Although one of the youngest architects in 
.St. Louis, Mr. Fames had conferred upon him 
the distinction of being made first president of 
the St. Louis chapter of the American Institute 
of Architects, and for the last three years has 
been a director of the National Institute. 

The firm has enjoyed one of the largest and 
best practices in the city, and has designed many 
of the finest residences and large business blocks 
of St. Louis. 

While Mr. Fames is devoted to his profession, 
and actively identified with its advancement, 
he devotes considerable time to the study of 
social and economic questions, and is fond of 
general literature, seeking in books diversion 
from his professional cares. His name will cer- 
tainly be associated with the greater part of all 
large improvements of St. Louis in the future. 

Lewi.s, M.\rtrom D., the expert and author- 
it)- on probate law, was born in St. Louis count}', 
August 17, 18;3li. His father was a native of 
Virginia, of excellent family and a land owner 
and farmer. Like so many Virginians and their 
Kentucky cousins, a bold, aggressive and daring 
spirit, of the kind which sustained all the pio- 
neers, explorers and leaders of men, were qual- 
ities of marked prominence in his character and 
no doubt impelled him to become a pioneer of 
the then unknown western wilderness. Certain 
it is that he has a clear title as one of the earli- 
est pioneers of agriculture west of the Missis- 
sippi; for he came to St. Louis in 1795, when 
the place was a wilderness-surrounded trading 
post of scarcel}' more than two hundred inhabit- 
ants. The senior Lewis' eldest sister married 




-{l^. 




BIOGRAPHICAL APPENniX. 



473 



General Daniel Morgan Boone, eldest son of 
Daniel Boone, and Mr. Lewis was a friend of 
and frequently visited the old Indian fighter at 
his cabin in St. Charles county. Martroni D. 
Lewis' mother was, before marriage, Elizabeth 
Darby, and she was a native of North Carolina. 
The subject of the biograph)- here given 
received a good common school education at the 
schools near his home, and when sufhciently 
educated came to the city to study law, entering 
the office of an elder brother, Augustus W., who 
was already estab- 
lished here in the 
practice of that pro- ' 

fession. It was in 

his office that the ' . . 

)■ o u ng e r brother 
qualified himself for 
admission to the bar, 
and when his brother 
Augustus W. died in 
1859, he succeeded 
to his business. In 
l.S(il) he took up the 
practice of probate 
law as a specialty, 
and soon his patron- 
age consisted almost 
wholly of that line 
of bu.siness, his ex- 
tended knowledge of 
which soon entitled 
him to be rated as an 
authority thereon. 

His ability as a 
probate lawyer received an official recognition 
during the administration of Governor Silas 
Woodson. When Henry Gambs, as public ad- 
ministrator, became a defaulter, the governor 
api)ointed Mr. Lewis his successor, and four days 
later he qualified, giving a bond of $300, OOO. 
On the expiration of his term in 187(5 he became 
a candidate for the office on the Democratic 
ticket, and the people indorsed the governor's 
selection of an incumbent for the unexpired term 
of Gambs by giving him an election to a full 
term b>- 3,000 majority. Owing to the adoption 



of the scheme and charter, he was compelled to 
go before the people again the next spring and 
received another handsome indorsement. 

With .so much skill and ability did he adminis- 
ter the office, that in 1878 he was elected with- 
out opposition, and altogether was appointed 
and elected to the office five times, at his last 
election receiving (52, 000 votes. At the expira- 
tion of his last term in 188-1, he could have had 
the office again without the asking, but he was 
then in bad health and accordingly refused to 
become a candidate, 
going on a visit to 
California instead. 
During his term of 
]>ublic service and 
l)rivate practice he 
is said to have 
handled and settled 
more estates than 
au\- other adminis- 
trator in the United 
States. 

On December 2, 
18()-2, Judge Lewis 
was married to Su- 
san, the only daugh- 
ter of Judge Pere- 
grine Tippett. Six 
children have been 
horn to the couple, 
but only one, Mary 
Margaret, is living. 
An overwhelming 
affliction befell 
Judge and .Mrs. Lewis in 18(;!i, when they buried 
four of their little ones within eight days. The 
fifth child, a daughter, died in 1887. 

Mention has already been made of how ^Ir. 
Lewis stepped into the breach on the occasion 
of a defalcation by a public official. Still more 
recently he has been called upon in a somewhat 
similar and even more serious contingency. 
When it was discovered that there was a .short- 
age in the accounts of City Treasurer Foerstel, 
.\cting :Mayor Walbridge secured the services of 
one of the citv's leading bankers to straighten 




MARTROM D. LRWIS. 



474 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



out the bouks, and when this had been done 
Mr. Lewis was elected to fill out Mr. Foerstel's 
unexpired term. That so reliable a financier 
had accepted the position led to a general feeling 
of relief, and no further anxiety was felt. Mr. 
Lewis restored the oflfice to its proper condition. 
It was generally understood that he could have 



streets until l-STl, when the\- removed to Main 
and Destrehan streets, owing to the pressure of 
business, and the concern was incorporated in 
1881 as the Schnelle & Querl Lumber Company, 
Mr. Schnelle having been associated with him 
in business for some years. 

Mr. Querl was elected treasurer of the firm, 



the position for another term, but he preferred to and the two young men at the head of the busi- 
retire, and did so in the spring of 1893. ness rapidly doubling the output, it was found 

necessary to select a more convenient and roomy 
son of Charles and yard, which was finally secured on the corner of 

]\Iain and Angelica 



Querl, Charles 
Araalia (Ostman) 
Querl, was born Oc- 
tober 12, 1840, in 
St. Louis. He at- 
tended a private 
school until fourteen 
years of age, when 
he secured employ- 
ment in a drugstore, 
where he remained 
for two years, but 
finding the work too 
confining and tedi- 
ous for a young man 
of his aspirations, he 
quit and after taking 
a business course in 
the Jones Commer- 
cial College he se- 
cured a position as 
clerk in the lumber 
business of Mr. 
Alexander Riddle. cmarik^ 

This was in 18.57, 

and Mr. Querl remained in his employ until 
1860, when, being at that time well acquainted 
with the details of the lumber business, he 
secured a position as book-keeper with Bryan 
& Brothers. 

He retained this position until 18(54, when, 
a change taking place in the firm organization, 
Mr. Querl purchased an interest in the business 
and became a partner of Mr. Wilkinson Bryan. 
In 18(i8 Messrs. Schnelle and Querl bought out 
Mr. Wilkinson Bryan and conducted the busi- 
ness at the corner of Eighth and ]\Iullanphy 




streets, where the 
company continues 
to do business of 
great magnitude and 
vast extent. The 
company ships oxit 
a large quantity of 
material in addition 
to its very satisfac- 
tory local connec- 
tion. 

In X o \- e m her, 
ISii;'), he was mar- 
ried to Miss Annie S. 
Behrens, sister of the 
late Charles W. Beh- 
rens, a prominent 
1 u m b e r merchant 
of vSt. Louis. Mr. 
and Mrs. Querl cele- 
brated their silver 
H. (.)i i;ri.. wedding in 18 HO, 

when they received 
the congratulations of a host of friends. They 
ha\-e had eight children — three boys and five 
girls, of whom there are now living one boy and 
three girls, Willie H., Lydia M., Julia M., and 
Laura A. Mr. Querl is now in the prime of 
manhood. 

Petersen, Lauritz, son of Lauritz and .\nne 
(Mosehuns) Petersen, was born in the town of 
Gram, in the northeast of Schleswig, in the year 
18.')2. At that time the Provinces of Schleswig 
and Holstein were a portion of the Kingdom of 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



Denmark, and Lauritz was educated in a Danish 
school in his native city, remaining there until 
he was fifteen years of age. He was then ap- 
prenticed to a cabinet maker in Harderleben, a 
large city on the east coast of Schleswig. In 
Denmark a term of apprenticeship and a very 
thorough mastery of every little detail are the 
rule, and young Petersen was bound for five 
years, at the end of which time he received his 
indentures as a first-class journeyman. He 
worked at this trade for another year, and then 
on attaining his ma- 
jority he came to 
America. 

He settled in Chi- 
cago, and being an 
exceptionall}' able 
workman, experi- 
enced no difficulty 
in finding lucrative 
employment, but in 
1<S74 he recognized 
the fact that St. 
Louis offered the best 
opportunity for an 
energetic, compe- 
tent mechanic, and 
he accordingh- came 
to the city which 
now regards hi m 
as one of its leading 
business men. For 
ni ne years he worked 
at cabinet making i.alriiz i 

and in a planing 
mill, saving a large percentage of his earnings. 

He was now thirty years of age, and finding 
that his means permitted such a course, he 
started in the mill business on his own account 
on Dakota street. These premises he leased 
for two years, and by the time his lease had run 
out he had established a splendid connection, 
and found his orders getting ahead of him. The 
next advancement in his progressive career was 
the purchase of a lot on the southeast corner of 
Lvon and Lynch streets, upon which he built a 
commodious brick factory, better adapted to the 




requirements of his rapidly increasing business. 
The following year he secured the adjoining lot, 
upon which he erected an elegant modern brick 
residence, replete with every conxenience. 

Fi\e years later his factory proved as inade- 
quate for his 1)usincss as his leased premises had 
done. He was compelled to build an addition 
and add a second story, making his factory an 
exceptionally large one, with a floor-space on 
each story of .S")xllO feel. In addition to this 
his two-story warehouse gave him a floor-space 
of 7r)x;'>l) feet, and 
equipped with the 
latest improved ma- 
c h i n e r y for mill 
work, he found him- 
self able to transact 
an enormous busi- 
ness. 

In l.ssil.Mr. Peter- 
sen purchased the 
vacant lot ojjposite 
his factory, «tixlOO 
feet, and opened a 
large lumber yard 
ujxju il, his idea be- 
ing to keej) a large 
stock always on hand 
for his own business. 
Success again 
crowned his efforts, 
and in USUI he was 
compelled to start 
^ ^1 ^ another lumberyard. 

He purchased a lot 
on the corner of Third and Ivynch, lilOxTo feet, 
for this purpose, and is now as well equipped for 
business as any man in the West. His latest 
real estate purchased is a lot 10Hx;^(>() feet on 
Magnolia and \'andeventer avenue, upon which 
he proposes to erect a magnificent residence 
without delay, and to thus increase the obliga- 
tions of the city to a man whose enterprise has 
been phenomenal. 

In May, l«77, Mr. Petersen married Miss 
Othilde Ouaade. He has six fine healthy 
children — three bovs and three girls. 



476 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



LiNDSLEY, DeCourcey Bradlev, M.D., 
D.D.S., is a skillful and popular young den- 
tal surgeon, located at Soli Lucas avenue. 
The Doctor is a native of St. Louis, and was 
born May 26, 1867, and is therefore at this date 
twenty-sev-en years of age. He is the son of 
Fanny (Anderson) and the late DeCourcey B. 
Lindsley, the latter for a term of many years 
one of the city's most prosperous wholesale shoe 
merchants. 

The young Doctor was educated at Smith's 
Academy, and im- 
mediately after grad- 
u at ion became a 
student at the St. 
Louis Medical Col- 
lege. He graduated 
therefrom in the class 
of 1887. For one 
year subsequenth" 
he studied the more 
practiced details of 
the medical profes- 
sion as an assistant 
within the wards of 
MuUanphy Hospital . 
He had resolved to 
fit himself for the 
dental surgery- 
branch of the med- 
ical profession, and 
therefore on leaving 
the hospital, matric- 
ulated at the Mis- uecoLRci-;'! 
souri Dental College. 

After his graduation in 1.S8S) he began practice, 
and already has attracted to himself a clientele 
composed of the better element of the com- 
munity. 

He stands well among his professional breth- 
ren, and they have honored him by an election 
to the presidency of the St. Louis Dental So- 
ciety; he is also president of the Missouri State 
Dental Association. 

Campbell, IvKwls, son of Lewis H. and 
Mary (Scott) Campbell, was born in Albany, 




New York, January 18, 184'S. He received a 
common school education in Sparta, Illinois, 
whither his parents had moved while he was a 
boy, and he subsequently spent a year and a 
half in the State University, at Champaign, 
Illinois. His education being completed, he 
entered into various commercial occupations, 
including teaching school for two years, and 
finally entered into the employment of Doctor 
McLean, of St. Louis, as general office clerk. 
Doctor ;\IcLean had the reputation of what is 
sometimes called 
"sizing up" a man 
very rapidly, and 
before Mr. Campbell 
had been in the 
Doctor's employ a 
month, he had rec- 
ognized in him qual- 
ities of great value. 
Few men were so 
ready to recognize 
talent and reward 
faithfulness as the 
Doctor, and when he 
saw that his first im- 
pressions erred only 
on the side of moder- 
ation, he placed un- 
limited confidence in 
him and soon re- 
garded him as his 
right-hand man. 
!. LIND5LKY Uudcr the Doctor's 

sup e r\' is io n Mr. 
Campbell became thoroughly conversant with 
the details of the vast business conducted, and 
at the time of the Doctor's death he was not 
only cashier, but was also in practical control 
of a large amount of the details in connection 
with the establishment. At the death of Doc- 
tor McLean, the business was incorporated and 
Mr. Campbell, who had been named as executor 
in his late employer's will, was made president 
of the company, a position he has filled since 
to the unlimited satisfaction of the stockholders 
and patrons. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



477 



Mr. Canipl)ell is an excellent organizer and 
an exceptionally fine manager, grasping the 
points of a difficult situation with great rapid- 
it\-, and deciding upon a course of action while 
many men would have been still worrying over 
details. He has largely increased the volume 
of business transacted by the firm, and by his 
able management and untiring energy has well 
filled the void caused by the death of the founder 
of the business. 

As administrator of the Doctor's will, his 
efforts have been un- 
tiring, and the Doc- 
tor's family look 
upon ^Ir. Campbell 
as a dear friend as 
well as a splendid 
business man. His 
career through life 
has been amostcred- 
itableone. Hestarted 
in without an}- spe- 
cial advantages ex- 
cept an enterprising 
and energetic dispo- 
sition and the pos- 
session of marked 
talent, and it is only 
by the exercise of 
this and by his un- 
s w e r \' i n g 1 o }• a 1 1 >• 
that he has been able 
to rise in the world 
with such remark- james 

al)le rapidity. He 

served for one year during the war in the Eight- 
ieth Illinois regiment, being one of the very 
young men who enlisted in the West. 

He was married in 1872 to ]\Iiss Mary fior- 
such, of Sparta, Illinois, and has one chikl, 
Frank D. McLean. 

Malix, James D., son of Ira N. and Kli/.a- 
beth J. ( Dalmazzo) .Malin, was born in Vevay, 
Indiana, in LS;!!!. His father was a steamboat 
man, away from home a great deal, and James 
was educated at the public school of his native 



town, and giving great attention to his studies 
iiad acquired a good education by the time he 
was sixteen. He then left school and moved to 
LaGrange, Missouri, where he secured a posi- 
tion as book-keeper for J. M. Ca.shman, general 
merchant. He remained with this house for 
two years, and then secured a more lucrative 
position as clerk on a Mississippi steamboat. 
He had a lengthy career of the river, and in the 
3ear !«()() was clerk on the steamer Missouri at 
the time of the explosion. In 1«().S Mr. Malin 
resumed work on the 



shore. 




and in part- 
i ]> w i t h his 



ner.' 

father s t a r I e d a 
wholesale liquor 
house at Ouincy, Il- 
linois. In !«(;!» it 
was decided to move 
to St. Louis, in order 
that the rapidly in- 
creasing trade could 
be conducted from a 
more central point. 
For four years the 
partnership p r o s - 
pered in St. Louis, 
but in 1S7;1 .Mr. Ira 
Malin died, and Mr. 
J. I). Malin contin- 
uedllie business with 
Mr. John Fowler as 
his partner. 

, MAUN. He continued a 

jxirtner in the firm 
until I'^SIlt, when .Mr. J. D. Malin purchased his 
interest and became sole proprietor of the estab- 
lishment. Mr. Malin himself occupies a very 
honorable position in St. Louis commercial and 
social circles. He is a Mason and Past Master 
of the George Washington Lodge, No. !•. He is 
also a member of the Mercantile and St. Louis 
Jockev clubs, and also of the Grand Pass Shoot- 
ing Cinb. 

Mr. Malin married in isi;2 Miss Belle L. Ows- 
lev, of Marion county, Missouri. They have six 
children living. 



478 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Lebrecht, John Charles, was born in St. 
Louis on July 28, 18.59, his parents being Dr. 
John and Louisa (Ludwig) Lebrecht. After 
receiving a classical education in the St. Louis 
University, he graduated from the St. Louis 
Medical College in 1882 and immediately 
entered upon the practice of the medical pro- 
fession, for which his natural taste and training 
had fitted him. He also followed in the foot- 
steps of his grandfather, his father, and his 
uncle (Dr. Charles V. F. Ludwig), each of 
whom had established an enviable reputation 
in the same calling; and it would certainly 
appear as though the subject of this sketch liad 
inherited professional ability from both branches 
of the ancestral tree. 

Dr. John Lebrecht, the father of the ph\sician 
who is now so popular in St. Louis, died Decem- 
ber 4, 1865. He had been surgeon in the army, 
and was the first curator of the O' Fallon Dis- 
pensary, and assistant to Professor Pope. 

On October 21, 1S.S4, Dr. J. C. Lebrecht 
married Mi.ss Matilda Cornet, the charming 
daughter of Henry Cornet, the retired whole- 
sale merchant, and one of the prominent vocal- 
ists of St. Louis. The Doctor is a member of 
the St. Louis Medical and the Mississippi Val- 
ley Medical societies, as well as of the .\ncient 
Order of United Workmen, Knights of Pythias, 
Treubund, Turners, and several singing socie- 
ties. In politics he is a Republican from 
principle, and has always been prominently 
identified with the interests of his party. 

Although kept very busy by a large and ever 
increasing practice, he nevertheless finds time to 
spend a week or two each fall amongst the wilds 
of Arkansas or Southeast Missouri, where he 
recuperates himself by hunting and fishing. 

The Doctor is at present located at 1401 
Olive street, and has latterly devoted special at- 
tention to diseases of women and children. In 
this specialty he is regarded as one of the safest 
and most reliable practitioners in the West. 

Langenberg, Frederick J., son of Casper 
H. and Elizabeth (Koch) Langenberg, who 
came to this country from Germany in 18o5, was 



born in Gasconade county, Missouri, July 31, 
1851. His early education he received at home, 
and he subsequently attended Br\'ant & Strat- 
ton's College, in St. Louis. 

His first introduction to commercial life was 
unfortunate, for, six months after securing a 
position in the Eagle Woolen Mills, the firm 
failed. Young Langenberg was then seventeen 
years of age, and he returned to college for a 
few months' additional training. He then se- 
cured employment in the establishment of 
Gauss, Hunicke &. Company, now the Gauss- 
Shelton Hat Compan\-, of which well-known 
corporation he is now secretary. Like many of 
St. Louis' merchant princes, he commenced at 
the bottom of the ladder, his first work for the 
firm, of which he is now a member, being in 
the capacity of an errand-boy. 

His employers soon saw tliat he was capable 
of much better work than parcel-carrying and 
message-delivering, and when he was assigned 
to more responsible duties he responded so 
promptly and ably that his promotion was rapid. 
In 1882 his value to the firm had become so 
great that he was admitted into partnership. 
Three years later he was appointed secretary, 
and he has held the position ever since. Upon 
him naturally falls much of the routine work of 
the large establishment, while all financial nuit- 
ters are entirely in his hands. His abilities as 
manager as well as hustler are marked, and he 
is as hard-working and faithful now as eyer. 

Mr. Langenberg is a member of the North 
Presbyterian Church, of which he is also a 
trustee. Having successfully sohed the j^rob- 
lem of how to make one's way in the world 
without any financial backing in youth, he is 
the first to assist and advise others who are 
making the struggle and finding out the secrets. 
He is a warm friend of the young employes of 
his house, and occupies a very honorable posi- 
tion in society. 

He married in 1875 Miss Annie Ten Broek, 
and has had five children, four of whom are 
living. These are: Edna A., Roy T., Grace 
and Lois. Another daugliter, Bessie, died 
No\-eniber 1, 1891. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



479 



Cronp:, Christopher, was born in Gennany 
ill 181(5, and came to this country when twenty 
years of age, settling in St. Louis in the memor- 
able year of LS-ift, during the time of the great 
flood and rayage of the Asiatic cholera. Mr. 
Crone started a small grocery store on Second 
between Olive and Locust streets, which he con- 
tinued until 1850, when, in partnership with Mr. 
William Herbkesmann, he opened up a large 
grocery store on North Broadway near Mallinck- 
rodt street. This proved a great financial 
success, and was 
continued until the 
death of :\Ir. Herb- 
kesmann. 

Mr. Ci-one then 
opened a new and 
much larger store on 
Broadway near Salis- 
Ijury street, which 
he carried on as a 
first-class family 
grocery, in l^oth 
fancy and staple 
groceries, and en- 
joyed the finest trade 
at that time in North 
St. Louis. In about 
the year 18.') 7 he 
transferred his gro- 
cery business to 
Charles and Herman 
Obrock, two faith- 
ful employes, and 
entered the omnibus 

business, organizing the firm of Crone, Dermon 
& Compau)-, running busses from Salisbury 
to Olive streets. He continued this work until 
the busses became absorbed by the Broadway 
line of street cars. 

Being a man of push and enterprise, he saw 
that some one should move in public affairs to 
make St. Louis a metropolitan city. So he 
urged the city fathers to do something towards 
making and keeping up a few public parks in 
the city, which they did, and :\Ir. Crone was 
appointed park commissioner, and immediately 




CHRISTOPHKR CRONE. 



took hold of Hyde Park and liad it so improved 
and beautified in a few years tliat it gained a 
national reputation as one of the finest parks in 
America. 

In 18(),s, when the Bremen Savings Bank was 
organized, ;\Ir. Crone was one of its incorporators 
and directors, and became president upon the 
death of Mr. Marshall Brotherton, who was its 
first president. 

About the year 1807 Mr. Crone, together with 
Archibald Carr and others, under City Ordinance 
No. ;577!l, approved 
January 2'.l, 18.') 7, 
organized and estab- 
lislied the Maguire 
Market on North 
ISroadway, in wliat 
was known as the 
..hi Teutli Ward. 

.Mr. Crone always 
was a devoted chris- 
tian and church man , 
and in about 18(i7 
he, with tlie assist- 
ance of tlie Rev. 
Frederick Kopf, ha<l 
a new churcli l)nilt 
in Newhouse Addi- 
tion for the German 
ICvangelical congre- 
gation, Mr. Crone 
donating the 
grounds upon which 
the church was built 
and still stands. 
Mr. Crone was looked upon by his fellow- 
citizens as a clear-headed and careful man, and 
could have had any office in the gift of the 
people, but would never mingle in politics, yet 
was ready at all times with his money and influ- 
ence to push any public enterprise for the benefit 
of St. Louis. 

Mr. Crone belonged to the L O. O. F., and 
was one of the oldest members when he died. 
He held every office of trust in the order to which 
he belonged, and was well respected. He was a 
member of the American Protestant Association. 



480 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Rohan, Philip, is a native of Ireland, bnt 
was brought to America by his parents when 
two 3^ears old. He was born in County Kil- 
kenny, February 16, 1847, and is therefore yet 
in the strength of a vigorous manhood. He is 
the son of James and Annie (Walton) Rohan, 
his father being a freeholder of Ireland. On 
coming to America the Rohans at once located 
in St. Ivouis, and here Philip, when he was old 
enough, attended the public school. From this 
school he was entered at the High School, and 
here he pursued his 
studies until the 
school was closed 
through the lack of 
funds caused by the 
war then in progress. 
His schooling being 
thus abruptly termi- 
nated, he at the age 
of thirteen was ap- 
prenticed to the firm 
of Wm. H. Card & 
Corapau}-, boiler 
makers. 

In l.S(17 W. H. 
Card, the head of 
this business, died, 
and this necessitated 
a change in the firm, 
which became Alli- 
s o n & Rohan, 
Philip's elder 

brother, John, be- philip rohan 

coming the junior 

partner. In the meantime Philip had become 
the foreman of the shops. In 1874 on the retire- 
ment of Rlr. Allison, Philip and Michael Rohan 
became partners, the three brothers becoming 
equal owners. In 1880 the rapidly increasing 
expansion of the business made incorporation 
desirable, and of the new company thus insti- 
tuted Philip Rohan became the secretary and 
treasurer, an office he yet holds. 

Rohan Brothers send boilers into every vState 
in the Union. Nor is the trade of the compain- 
confined to the United vStates. As an instance 




of the firm's reputation abroad and its standing 
among competitors at home, the action of the 
Russian Secretary of War might be cited. When 
there was chance of war between Russia and 
Great Britain over the Afghan frontier in 1885, 
an emissary of the Russian Secretary of War 
visited America to purchase vessels and arma- 
ments, and awarded his largest order for 
machinery equipment of vessels to the Rohan 
Brothers. 

Mr. Rohan's popularity has caused his friends 
to lead him into poli- 
tics to some extent. 
In 1887 he was 
elected to the City 
Council, and served 
four years in the 
upper house of that 
body, to the great 
benefit of his con- 
stituents. In IS.S'.l 
he was nominated 
for sheriff on the 
Democratic ticket, 
and although he 
made a noble race 
the odds against him 
were too great. His 
great popularity was 
shown by the fact 
that in this cam- 
paign he ran 3,000 
votes ahead of the 
next highest man on 
the ticket. 
.Mr. Rohan is an active member of the iler- 
cantile Club, as well as a leading worker in the 
Boiler Workers' Association of the United 
States and Canada. At the meeting of the asso- 
ciation in New York in 1888, he was elected 
vice-president of that body. 

In 1.S71 he was married to :\Iiss Celestine 
Bouderdau, a lady of French descent, a native 
of Thibadeauxville, Louisiana. Mr. and Mrs. 
Rohan have one child, James, a bright and 
promising young man who is now attending 
college at ]\Iuuich, Germany. 



B/0(;A'. l/'///r. IL APPENDIX. 



4.S1 



SwASKY, W. Albert, son of John B. and 
Hettie H. (Jewett) Swasey, was born in Mel- 
bourne, Australia, October 11, 18(i;5. That lie 
is an Australian by birth is due to the coincidence 
of a trip to the island continent by his ])arents, the 
father having business to see to in that quarter 



Mr. Swasey prefers residences and club build- 
ings to other work, though he has built many 
fine churches, apartment houses and hotels. 
Among his finest residences maybe mentioned 
those of Mr. Sam'l M. Kennard and W. K. Bixby 
in Portland place, and J. C. \ an Blarcom's at the 



of the globe. Both his parents are natives of corner of King's Highway and Westmoreland 

Newburyport, Massachusetts, and are direct place. The Pastime Athletic Club will always 

descendants from the first settlers, and the ably represent his ability in working out com- 

name of Swasey is familiar among the sons of plicated requirements to a successful result, 

those who fought in the Revolutionary war. That he has merited and received a reward for 



Mr. Swasey 's edu- 
cation, after his pri- 
mary teaching, be- 
gan in a military 
boarding school in 
Paris, France, and 
continued there un- 
til the age of four- 
teen, when he en- 
tered the Boston 
I^atin School, and 
aftergraduating 
there took the full 
architectural course 
at the Institute of 
Technology in Bos- 
ton, graduating with 
honors in the year 
1S,S2. Since that 
\ear he has studied 
his profession in the 
best New York and 
Chicago offices, and 
abroad. In 18f^5, 

attracted by the building boom which seemed 
to be setting in at St. Louis, with a demand 
for the higher class of architectural work. 




this creation is 
shown in the com- 
missions he has re- 
ceived forthreeother 
athletic club houses 
in various parts of 
the country, wholly 
because of the 
Pastime building. 

During the last 
two years of his 
practice, Mr. Swasey 
has shown a decided 
preference for colon- 
ial work, and the 
best examples of 
this style in the city 
are to be found in 
his designs and in 
the residences of Mr. 
O. H. Peck ham, 
Clinton Rowell, W. 
C. ^IcCreery, George 
W. Xiedringhaus, 
W. B. Dean, V. \V. Woodworth, J. S. Fuller- 
ton, A. H. Pirie, C. K. Barney, C. A. Young, 
L. P:. Collins, Dr. J. G. Comstock, G. T. 
Riddle, R. R. Hutchinson, W. G. Chappell, 



ALBERT S\\ ASliV 



Mr. Swasey came to the city and entered into 

partnership with Mr. Chas. K. Ramsey, the D. C. Nugent, J. L. Glover, and many others, 

firm, Ramsey & Swasey, existing for two years, where he has been .so successful that the resi- 

Ou its dissolution Mr. Swasey continued archi- deuces above mentioned will always be a source 

lectural practice alone, and during the la.st. seven of pleasure and pride to their owners as well 

years has earned a reputation for which many as the people of St. Louis. 

professional men have labored a quarter of a .Mr. Swasey married in October, IHStO, Miss 

centnrv in vain, his position, professionally, Irene McNeal, of Tenne.s.see. He has one son. 

l)eing at the top. McNeal, and one daughter, Irene Swasey. 
31 



482 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Swift, William Henry, a man truly rep- 
resentative of the American spirit and of the 
West, was born in Cayuga county, New York, 
March 27, 1832. As his father, Joseph P. Swift, 
was sheriff of the county, an intimate personal 
friend of Millard Fillmore, Judge Conklin and 
other Whig leaders of the State, it may readily 
be understood that the eminence the subject of 
this sketch has attained in politics and civic 
affairs was due almost as much to an inherited 
tendency in this direction as to the operation of 
environment upon his character. His robust 
Americanism, amounting almost to a passion, is 
accounted for by the fact that his paternal 
ancestors came to this country in 1644, and 
landed at Cape Cod, while his maternal ancest- 
ors, the Stodards, reached the land of liberty 
early in the seventeenth century. With the 
early history of St. Louis the ancestors of ]\Ir. 
Swift were conspicuously identified, a Major 
Amos Stodard, his mother's uncle, having been 
in command of the post of St. Louis when the 
Territory of Louisiana was ceded, not without 
regret upon the part of the Corsican, to the 
United States. 

Mr. Swift's schooling was not of that exhaust- 
ive character that as often impedes as promotes 
intellectual development. His attendance at the 
public schools was of brief duration, for in 
early life the glamour around the newspaper 
profession, its opportunities for practical educa- 
tion, its putting one in touch direct with the 
whole world, attracted him, and serving an ap- 
prenticeship in the office of the Auburn Adver- 
tiser., published at Auburn, New York, learned 
at the case the wisdom of the world, and gathered 
an education in which theory was subordinated 
to practice. Having mastered " the art pre- 
servative " he, like all the sons of Faust and 
Gutenberg, had his zvandcrjahre, and it was a 
long one. He set type in all the cities of the 
East and South, and earned a handsome liveli- 
hood while seeing his country taking its first 
great forward strides, and studying the forces 
that were later to precipitate the cataclysm of 
'lU to '65. In the year 1.S50 he found himself 
in St. Louis, then in its first golden age, revel- 



ing in the wealth that came to it by reason of 
the passage through it of the wonderful caravans 
of the Argonauts in search of another golden 
fleece. He set type on all the larger papers and, 
b}- reason of his skill, was made foreman of the 
S/afe Journal, in which venture he also acquired 
an interest. The paper for some years lived to 
" fill a long-felt want," but finally succumbed, 
published its Dying Swan editorial and filled 
an untimely grave. 

Abandoning the "case" and "stick," Mr. 
Swift took up the pencil, and he is next found 
as city editor of the St. Louis Dispatch, where, 
within a very short time his executive skill, his 
ability as a writer, and his sagacity in public 
affairs, raised him to the supreme position of 
editor-in-chief. The spirit of unrest that marked 
the old-time journalist was strong in him, and 
the next step in his career was the acceptance 
of the control of the commercial and financial 
departments on the Republican, which has since 
been changed into the St. Louis Republic. 

After the four years of particularly striking 
work, and the demonstration of a strong journal- 
istic instinct, joined with a strong character, 
^Nlr. Swift came to the same conclusion as tlic 
eminent Frenchman who said, "Journalism 
leads to anything, if one quits it in time." He 
was personally known to every business man in 
St. Louis, and to every politician and statesman 
in city and State. He was popular, and when 
he let it be known that he would like to be clerk 
of the City Council, the ofHce immediately got 
out and gave the man such a lively chase that 
it caught up with him. He held the place for 
two years, as that place was never held before 
nor since. He was an oflficial whose forte seemed 
to be omniscience. He was the parliamentary 
arbiter, the legal adviser, the strategist, the 
genius of the body, and the political skill he 
had inherited from his ancestors, as well as the 
marvelous judgment of human nature he had 
acquired in his journeyman travels, made him 
first an indispensable subordinate, and then a 
leader of wonderful astuteness. He was not 
turned from his purpose to win a fortune b>' his 
political successes, and, an opportunity present- 




yp<r-c 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



483 



in<j itself, he entered into partiiersliij) witli Jere- 
miah Friiiii, a prominent contractor, who was 
soon made aware of the fact that he had secured 
an associate invahialjle in the securinjj;-of immense 
contracts and in the manipulation, without 
friction, of an army of emiiloxes not always the 
most tractable. 

After some years the partners in the contract- 
injT business, Messrs. Fruin, Bambrick and Swift, 
formed a corporation, under the title: "The 
F'ruin-Bambrick Construction Company," of 
which Mr. Swift is now president, and which is 
known all o\er the United States as a concern 
whose financial solidity is only part of its fame, 
for its undertakings are always carried out in 
good faith and to the satisfaction of all with 
whom it has dealings. In politics, as well as in 
business, jNIr. Swift has an enviable reputation 
for square dealing. He has never been identi- 
fied with the disreputable features of political 
machinations, and his code of ethics has made 
him respected, even by representatives of dis- 
reputable politics, whose more glaring and 
meretricious snccesses may have, from time to 
time, eclipsed the steady and clean brillianc)- of 
his methods. He has always been faithful to 
his friends, and as magnanimous as consistenc)- 
will admit of to his foes. In social life he is a 
man welcome in all companies wherein intelli- 
gence is an indispensable attribute of agree- 
abilit\-. His literary skill and his experience 
in the world make him a charming companion. 
His wit is nimble and his humor kindly. In all 
the minor offices of life he is a man of deep and 
broad sympathy. He holds his wealth, without 
Quixotism, in trust for the less fortunate of his 
fellows, and his hand has a cunning in charity 
that evades the gaze of the world in its opera- 
tions. In his domestic relations Mr. Swift is 
one of the happiest of men. Surrounded by a 
family that loves him, he is passing the evening 
of his days in a manner that demonstrates the 
uprightness of his life, and that he has earned a 
green old age. His .son, Roswell B. Swift, is 
an eminently successful young business man, 
and reproduces in his character all the strong, 
as well as the kindlv, traits of his father. 



Mkikr, Erxk.st Fkkdkkick Wii.i.i.vm, began 
his business career in St. Louis as a clerk in a 
retail grocery; to-day he is the proprietor of 
one of the largest wholesale glass and queers- 
ware houses in the West, and this briefly tells 
his business success. He is the son of Frederick 
and Sophia Meier, and was born November 18, 
I'^^-'il, in the Province of Westphalia, Prussia. 
His native place had excellent schools, and to 
these young Ernest was sent until his eighteenth 
year, in which he came to find a new home in 
America, and locating in St. Louis, as before 
stated, secured a position as clerk in a retail 
grocery. Subseqnently he was employed as a 
salesman, both in wholesale and retail clothing 
stores, and thus gained considerable knowledge 
of that business. He was both indn.strious and 
economical, and eight years after he reached 
St. Louis his integrity and industry had so far 
gained him confidence of certain business men 
that he was enabled to embark in business for 
himself. Securing a partner in the person of .Mr. 
Westermann, he opened a glass and queensware 
store, under the firm name of Westermann & 
Meier. The business con.stantly expanded, 
until 1884, when Mr. Westermaijn retired. Mr. 
.Meier assumed the entire control. The business 
in the meantime had grown to such proportions 
that more extensive quarters were made neces- 
sary, and the stock was accordingly removed to 
the premises at 511 and 51;^ North Main street, 
where he now carries forward a wholesale glass 
and queensware business on a very large scale, 
doing more business, perhaps, than any similar 
house in the West, its wares being known to the 
farthest trade limits of St. Louis. 

It is not in the business world alone that he 
is highly esteemed; his reputation as a man of 
character, distinguished by the soundest princi- 
ples, is general. Mr. Meier has done his city 
valuable service in an oflficial capacity, doing 
such work as a duty, not as a step to subserve 
self-interest or to gratify a personal ambition. 
Moved by these impulses, he became a candidate 
for the House of Delegates during the adminis- 
tration of Mayor F'wing, ably representing the 
FUeventh Ward, then known as the Twentv-first. 



484 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



He made such an excellent delegate, that subse- 
quent to the expiration of his first term he was 
elected to the Upper House. His course in ofilice 
was marked b)^ conservatism, and no considera- 
tion whatever could sway him from a course he 
knew to be right. Every question on which he 
was callsd to act met from him the fullest inves- 
tigation. He was both able and fearless, and 
never allowed political prejudice to interfere 
with his judgment in his consideration of pub- 
lic matters. Few men of strong character and 
pronounced views on 
almost every ques- 
tion can subject their 
political opinions to 
public duty, and 
that Mr. Meier was 
strong enough to do 
this, makes known 
the fact that he is 
possessed of the first 
principle of genuine 
statesmanship. 

Mr. Meier has held 
many positions of 
trust and honor, 
among the most im- 
portant of which was 
a directorship of the 
Mullanphy Board , 
and the treasurership 
of the German Luth- 
eran Synod. In July, 
1887, he was elected 
a member of the 
Mullanphy Board, but resigned a year afterward, 
as he was not in entire harmony with the other 
members of the board relative to several reforms 
he felt it necessary to inaugurate. He is a most 
valuable and influential member of the German 
Lutheran Synod, and for more than twenty years 
has been the trusted treasurer of that body. 
This is a most responsible position, as the 
Synod embraces thirty-one States and Territo- 
ries, and has under its control the schools of 
this vast territory. For this reason an im- 
mense amount of money passes through the 




ERNEST FREDERICK \M 



hands of the treasurer, and it is, perhaps, in 
this office that Mr. Meier's sterling ability 
and virtues have been best displayed. He 
has handled the money of thirteen synodical 
districts in a manner that proves him to be 
a thorough financier, and since he has held 
the office upward of a million dollars have 
passed through his hands, ever}- dollar of 
which has been scrupiilously accounted for 
and applied to the best advantage. Every 
member of the Synod recognizes the fact that 
he is invaluable to 
the church, and 
pra)-s that his life 
may be long spared 
to carry forward the 
good work, as they 
feel that in case of 
his death it would be 
almost impossible to 
secure a man for the 
place who could do 
the work with such 
ability, and in whom 
they could place such 
entire and unquali- 
fied confidence. 

In April, 1858, Mr. 
Meier was married to 
Aliss Louisa Lange, 
a resident of this city. 
Nine children have 
Ijeen born to them, 
two of whom died 
when very young, 
children living are: 
Pauline, Frederick, 



the seven 
, Louisa, 



The names of 

Albert, Otilie, 

Alexander and Arthur. Of these, Otilie is now 

the wife of a Lutheran minister located at St. 

Paul, Minnesota, while Louisa and Pauline are 

also married, their husbands being brothers, 

who live in Chicago. 

The family is an exceedingly happy and 
interesting one, and the children are being trained 
to follow the same rules of probity and industry 
which have made their father not only prosper- 
ous but liighly respected among his associates 



RIOGRAPHICAI. APPENDIX. 



485 



and fellow-men of all races and creeds. Mr. 
Meier's life is in itself a nia<^nificent instance 
of the trntli of tlie proverb that honesty is the 
best policy. 

Stevens, Alpha Tyler, was bom in P)alti- 
more, :\Iaryland, Angust 4, 18(iO. He is the 
son of George O. and Rebecca R. ( Tebbetts ) 
Stevens, of that place. During his younger 
vears he attended the public schools of his na- 
tive citv, and afterwards took a finishing course 
at the Baltimore 
City College. At the 
age of seventeen he 
went to work in his 
father's office as 
book-keeper, which 
position he filled 
with entire satisfac- 
tion untill^'SO, when 
Deere, Mansur & 
Company, of this 
cit\', needing a good 
man in their order 
department, made 
him an offer that he 
could not afford to 
decline. So he came 
west, and has since 
looked upon this as 
his first step towards 
fortune. He did not 
remain in the order 
department long, be- 
ing soon made bill- 
clerk, and from that was promoted to the posi- 
tion of correspondent and salesman, waiting on 
all customers who came to the city store to do 
their buying, and soon so proficient did he be- 
come that many of their best customers would 
insist on being waited upon by him as he en- 
joyed their fullest confidence. After he had 
been in the employ of Deere, Mansur & Com- 
panv for fi\e >ears, he had so advanced in the 
confidence of his employers that much of the 
buying was entrusted to him, and that they 
found their confidence not misplaced is proven 




by tlic fact that from tlie time that the trust was 
first committed to him until he left tlicm to go 
into l)u.siness for him.self ( a period of five years ), 
he still continued to do their buying. During 
his connection with the firm, Deere, Mansur & 
Company dissolved, and Mansur & Tebbetts 
Implement Company was organized, and when 
he left the last named company in the fall of 
I'SIIO, it was to the sincere and expressed regret 
of his employers, for not only did they dislike 
to lose him on account of his ability as a busi- 
ness man, but they 
also hated to lose a 
man who, though 
still \oung, had been 
in their employ for 
ten years, and with 
whom their relations 
had always been so 
pleasant. 

November 1, IHfK), 
Mr. Stevens, in com- 
pany with Mr. C. H. 
Schureman and Mr. 
William C. Abbott, 
organized the Ste- 
ve ns-Schu re man 
Manufacturing Com- 
pany — Mr. Stevens, 
president — which 
company was incor- 
jiorated under the 
laws of the State of 
Missouri. Mr. Ste- 
vens was a member 
of the original syndicate who in 1884 laid out 
the pretty suburb, Clifton Heights, where he 
now resides. He is an official member of the 
Clifton Heights Methodist-F.piscopal Church. 

He was married. May 10, 1888, to Miss An- 
nie A. Schureman, of this city. Two children 
have been l)orn— Paul and Rebecca. 

Kr.mss, John, was born in the year 1833, in 
Grafensteinberg, Mittelfranken, Bavaria, and 
he was educated at local schools until he at- 
tained the age of thirteen and one-half years, 



^LPHA T. STEVENS. 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



when he commenced to Icani the blacksmithing 
trade with his brother George. He continued 
for three years at this work, and in ISoO left the 
old country and emigrated to America. He 
stayed for a short time in New York City, and, 
after visiting Buffalo, Detroit and other cities, 
he obtained employment at Saginaw, Michigan. 
His fir-st experiences in the New World were 



to the great depth of ;>,.S4.') feet. .\t the same 
period he acquired a large interest in the Caron- 
delet Zinc Works, of which he was appointed 
managing director, and subsequently treasurer. 
When the Carondelet Savings Bank suspended, 
the zinc works were sold, and Mr. Krauss, who 
was bondsman for the sheriffs and constables, 
lost a large proportion of his hard-earned money. 



not very encouraging, and during the winter he Just about the same time he sustained a heavy 
walked to Detroit, where he obtained employ- loss in connection with the Klausman Brewery, 
ment in Windsor, Canada, and subsequently in He had paid as much as $50,000 for beer from 



the G e n d r i c k s 
foundry. In l^oS, 
Mr. Krauss moved 
to Chicago, where he 
was employed for 
two years in the Mer- 
kan car shops. 

In 1855 Mr. Krauss 
came to St. Louis, 
and obtained a posi- 
tion in the Wash- 
in g t o n P h oe n i X 
foundry. Two years 
later, in 1857, he 
moved to Caronde- 
let, where he was 
appointed first black- 
smith for upwards of 
nine years, with the 
exception of the time 
he spent as a soldier 
during the war. He 
rose from the rank 
of a recruit to or- 
derly sergeant, and was detailed to remain in 
the shops and to protect the bridges and shops, 
if necessary. 

Being of a saving disposition, Mr. Krauss was 
soon in a position to start in business for him- 
self. He purchased a blacksmith shop and held 
it for a few months, during which time he so 
reorganized and improved it that he was able to 
sell out at a very su1)stantial profit. 

During the years 18(57 and 18(;8 he earned 
quite a record for himself by boring the now 
celebrated artesian well at the County Asvlum, 







\^ '-■ 










V / 


r^. 


^^Hl ..f^ 


L 



JOHN KkALS>. 



this establishment 
during ten years, 
and on the failure of 
the brewery he was 
prac t ical ly com- 
pelled to purchase it 
for S5(),000 to pro- 
tect his own inter- 
ests. He managed 
the institution so 
carefully and well 
that its value .soon 
increased to an 
enormous extent, and 
after he had held it 
for about tweU'e 
\ears he sold it to 
the ,St. Louis Brew- 
ing Association for 
8(550,000, thus ac- 
quiring a splendid 
fortune out of what 
had been in the first 
place a forced pur- 
chase. jVmong the prominent enterprises of 
Carondelet that -Mr. Krauss has organized and 
promoted to a standard of excellency may be 
mentioned the Southern Commercial and Sav- 
ings Bank of Carondelet, of which he is pres- 
ident. He is president of the Carondelet Elec- 
tric Light and Power Company, of which he 
was principal incorporator and stockholder; of 
the Walker Manufacturing Company; of the 
Carondelet Milling Company; of the Carondelet 
Home Mutual Insurance Company; and of the 
Krauss Improvement and Investment Company. 



nrOGRAPHICAI. APPKNPIX. 



48' 



Mr. Krauss married in June, !«.")(;, Miss .Mary 
Stomiiiel, and has one son and three daughters. 
It is a matter of great pride to Mr. Krauss that 
his chiklreu are among the strongest and finest 
to l)c found in any part of the country. 

HuNiCKK, Robert, is of German patentage, 
altliough born in this counti-y, at Peoria, Illi- 
nois, October lo, 1853. His father, William 
Ilunicke, was a native of Bremen. His mother, 
Ivmniy (Angelrodt) Hunicke, was a member of 
one of the oldest and 
uiost prominent Ger- 
man families in St. 
Louis, her father, 
Mr. E.C. Angelrodt, 
having .served for 
several years as Ger- 
man consul. 

The subject of this 
sketch attended the 
Washington Univer- 
sity of St. Louis up 
to his seventeenth 
vear, when he en- 
gaged in the com- 
mission 1) u s i u e s s 
with his father, 
where he remained 
for two years, when 
he accepted the po.si- 
tion of assistant 
teller and discount 
clerk in the United 
States Savings Insti- 
tution of St. Louis, which position he was forced 
to relinquish after three years, on account of ill 
health. 

Several months' rest at the northern lakes so 
far restored him to health that in May, 1875, he 
entered the employ of the Kan Claire Lumber 
Company, remaining with them up to their 
removal from St. Louis, and advancing step by 
step until during the la.st three years of their 
■itav in St. Louis he held the important and 




ROBERT HUNICK 



He then determined to strike out for himself, 
and in l.s.ss he purchased the branch yard. 
Since then he has built up the business and con- 
ducted the rapidl)- growing trade that he now 
enjoys, and no man in tlie lumber trade is more 
cou\-ersant with the business in its different 
ramifications, his training while with the Eau 
Claire Lumber Company, under Mr. Richard 
vSchulenburg, having afforded him every ojjpor- 
tuuity to manage the details of the business. 
His domestic relations are of the mo.st pleasant, 
and at his beautiful 
home at Glcndale, a 
suburb of St. Louis, 
the surroundings are 
all that a man of Mr. 
H u n i c k e " s taste 
could desire. 

Mr. Ilunicke was 
married b'ebruary 
■>i, ISSO, to Miss 
Minnie Clark, of 
S]Hiugfield. Mis- 
souri. Thex- have 
three children- 
Paul August , Ri.bert. 
Jr., a u d V. m m >■ 
Prances, aged re- 
spectively thirteen, 
seven and two years. 
In his private life 
Mr. Hunicke is as 
happy as he is suc- 
cessful in his busi- 
ness operations. 
RiTi.KiK'.K, RoHHKT. — There are very few 
men in St. Louis who were born west of Mis- 
souri, but Robert Rutledge, the subject of this 
sketch, has that distinction, having been born 
at Gold Hill, Eldorado county, California, March 
4, 1857, and is, therefore, thirty-six years of age. 
His father, Edward Rutledge, caught the pre- 
vailing gold fever in the early fifties, when men 
rushed to California from every part of the globe. 



Robert's mother, whose maiden name was J-Cliza- 
espousible p'^sitim, of manager of their ])ranch beth Wray, could not consent to the years of 
vard at I-ourteeuth street and Cass avenue. separation which she knew her husband'sdepart- 



488 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



ure for the gold coast meant, and, tlierefore, 
insisted on accompanying him. For this and 
other reasons, the elder Riitledge did not attempt 
the hardships and dangers of an overland jour- 
ney, but made the trip by the way of the isth- 
mus, which, in that day, although the safer 
route, was not without its hardships and j^erils. 
On reaching California the elder Rutledge 
engaged in mining, a business he followed with 
varying success for a number of years, and it 
was while he was pursuing this avocation at 
Gold Hill that Rob- 
ert was born. 

The lad received 
his education in the 
common schools of 
California, attend- 
ing them until about 
sixteen \ears of 
age. When seven- 
teen years old, or in 
1874, he left Cali- 
fornia for St. Louis, 
and on reaching this 
city secured employ- 
ment with the real 
estate firm of S. D. 
Porter &: Company. 
Duringthe following 
six years he acted as 
the chief lieutenant 
of this firm, being 
in constant touch 




with real estate af- 
fairs, and not neg- 
lecting to learn all that he could from the oppor- 
tunities offered. His employers, realizing his 
disposition to become a thorough real estate 
man, and considering his value as such, made 
him a member of the firm in 1880. Another 
change in the personnel of the companv took 
place four years later, or in 1884, when, Mr. 
Porter desiring to retire, Claude Kilpatrick was 
taken into the firm, the style of which became 
Rutledge & Kilpatrick, and is so known at the 
present time. 

Both memljers of the firm are voung men and 



ROBERT RUTLEDGE 



have applied both brains and energy to the con- 
duct of their business. The firm buys, sells and 
rents real estate and houses, negotiates loans 
and acts as a collector of rents. They repre- 
sent one of the oldest real estate firms in St. 
Louis, as the business which they now manage 
has been in existence nearly half a century. 
Mr. Rutledge is accounted one of the best versed 
men in matters pertaining to real estate in the 
city of St. Louis. 

He is a student of all the conditions which 
surround and enter 
into that business, 
and his judgment in 
such niatters is sel- 
dom at fault. In 
his business affairs 
his actions is mark- 
ed with progressive- 
uess, but at the same 
time he is imbued 
with a conservatism 
which never allows 
his progressiveness 
to take him into the 
field of wild and un- 
certain speculation. 
He is popular in- 
side of his profession 
as well as out of it, 
and his urbanity and 
affability have oper- 
ated largely to ex- 
tend the business of 
his house. He is an 
influential member of the Mercantile Club, and 
is a person of athletics and a member of the 
Pastime Athletic Club. 

Mr. Rutledge has also taken some part in 
local public work, and is regarded as an exceed- 
ingly useful man in every capacit}-. His work 
on the St. Louis School Board, although not in 
au}- way sensational or designed to curry favor 
with any class, has been marked by very distinct 
business-like effort, and several of the reforms of 
the last few years have been instigated by 
him. His great argument has always been 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



that the same principles of economy and care 
used in every-day business shonld be the polic\- 
of a public body. 

On November 17, l.s.Sl, Mr. Rntled,i;e was 
nnited in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Cowden, 
of Washington, Iowa. They have six children, 
two sons and four daughters, named, respect- 
ively, Robert C, Edward A., p;iizabeth W., 
Marv E., Helen \V., and Alice R. 



Abbott, William Ci 
and Louisa C. ( Tay- 
lor ) Abbott, was 
1)0 rn in Pittsfield, 
Illinois, Eebruary 2, 
IS.')."!. He received 
his early education 
in the public schools 
of Pittsfield, grad- 
uating fro m the 
High School, after 
which he came to 
St. Louis and took 
a course at Jones' 
Commercial College. 
In the spring of 
l!^71 he took a posi- 
tion as ofhce-boy in 
the wholesale fancy 
grocery h o u s e of 
Scott, Collins & 
Company, then lo- 
cated at ;")I<S North 
Second street. 



ARLKS, son of George 




WILLIAM CHARLES ABBOTT. 



He stayed with 
this firm for five years, ha\-ing during that time 
been advanced to the position of bill clerk, when 
he left to accept a position as traveling salesman 
with Pope, Lockwood & Company, dealers in 
farm machinery and implements, at Ouincy, Illi- 
nois. His territory was Northern Missouri, and 
he carried it for ten years, building \\\i a mag- 
nificent trade. 

In l.S.SC he returned to St. Louis and took a 
position with Mansur & Tebbetts Implement 
Company, as traveling salesman, co\-ering the 
same territor\- for them that he had worked on 



for Pope, Lockwood & Company. His personal 
])opularity with his trade in North Missouri 
made him a very valuable addition to the force 
of .Mansur, Tebbetts & Company, and they 
retained him until fall of ISIK), when he resigned 
his position to become a member of the firm of 
Stevens & Schureman Manufacturing Company, 
Mr. .-Vbbott being elected secretary. The com- 
pany was incorporated according to laws of the 
State at its formation. 

Mr. Abbott is a member of the Ouincy Lodge, 
No. 2;m), Ouincy, 
Illinois, of the Ma- 
sonic Order, and of 
the Pittsfield Com- 
mandery, No. 49, of 
Knights Templar. 
He is also a member 
of the Farmers' Ma- 
chinery and Vehicle 
.\ssociation of St. 
Louis. 

McNair.JoiixG., 
sonof AntoineReigh 
and Cornelia (Tiffen) 
McNair, and grand- 
son of the Hon. A. 
R. McNair, first Gov- 
ernor of the State of 
Missouri, was born 
in St. Louis, Decem- 
ber 16, 1858. He 
received an ^uca- 
tion in the public 
schools of St. Louis, and his first work after 
leaving school was to engage as a messenger 
for the Kansas Pacific Railway, a position he 
filled for a year and then accepted a situa- 
tion with the Greeley-Burnham Grocer Com- 
]ian\-, as messenger, later being promoted to 
buyer of that house, which position he filled 
for a term of si.x years. .A. nuich l^etter offer 
being made him, he severed his connection 
with the (yreeleN-Burnham Grocer Company 
and accepted the ])osition of buyer for the firm 
of Meyer P.rothers, in which capacity he served 



490 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



for four years, with honor to himself and profit 
to the house. 

He next embarked in the brokerage business, 
with offices in St. Louis and Chicago, dividing 
his time equally between the two places. In 
1887 he moved to St. Joseph and embarked in 
the real estate business, in which he was most 
successful. In 1889 he returned to St. Louis, 
where he purchased one hundred acres at Nor- 
mandy, which he subdivided and platted as 
"Normandy Heights." Next he subdivided 
and platted the " Edgar Ames Addition to East 
St. Louis." His business becoming very large, 
Mr. J. H. Parish, who was then secretary and 
general manager of the St. Joseph Gas Light 
Company, resigned that position and associated 
himself with Mr. McNair, and later on Mr. 
F. R. Harris, of Memphis, Tennessee, became 
a member of the firm. This co-partnership 
proved a most solid and fortunate combination 
of talent, and later on, upon the withdrawal of 
Mr. Parish, was merged into the McNair & 
Harris Real Estate Company. 

Mr. McNair has made many large deals, hav- 
ing purchased, subdivided and sold a number 
of important additions, thus adding very mate- 
rially to the growth and prosperity of the city. 
Among the most important of these, after Nor- 
mandy Heights and Edgar Ames Addition to 
East St. Louis, maybe mentioned Tuxedo Park, 
McNair's Addition to Madison, Illinois, and 
Avery's Addition to Webster. 

He has organized and is connected with a 
great^ many companies and associations for the 
purpose of controlling and improving real estate, 
and is also interested in several of the largest 
and most solid of building and loan associations, 
notably the Superior Building and Loan Asso- 
ciation, No. 1, capital $(500,000, of which he is 
president, and the Superior Building and Loan 
Association, No. 2, capital $600,000, of which 
he is vice-president. 

In addition to his vast real estate interests 
Mr. McNair is also very largely engaged in the 
fruit business, being the president and general 
manager of the Inter-State Pruit and Land 
Company, which company owns and cultivates 



two of the largest fruit farms in the United 
States, viz.: the ]\IcNair Pruit Parm, of Clay 
county, Illinois, and the St. Elmo Pruit Parm, 
of Oregon county, Missouri. 

Mr. ]\IcNair has made an eminent success of 
the line of work he has chosen, and he is looked 
upon as a man who can accurately tell the value 
of real estate, and is thoroughly conversant 
with the conditions which affect its price. He 
has business instincts which naturally fit him 
for a real estate dealer, and no man is shrewder 
or quicker in seeing all the advantages of a 
trade than he. He knows all the details of the 
real estate business, and realizing that it is bet- 
ter to know one thing well than to know many 
tilings, he has devoted himself to the task of 
becoming a past master in his business, and is, 
in fact, a real estate specialist. As a man he is 
endowed with man}- amiable qualities, and in 
contact with his fellow-men is inclined to be 
genial, courteous and accommodating. Gener- 
osity is one of his marked characteristics and 
he is gifted with the power to make friends and 
hold them. 

Although he is a member of both the Univer- 
sity and Jockey clubs, he devotes most of his 
time, outside of business hours, to his home, 
which is graced by a handsome and affectionate 
wife, to whom he was married September 2;^, 
1891. Before her marriage Mrs. IMcNair was 
Miss Helen M. Bennett, of iMinneapolis, Min- 
nesota. In politics Mr. McNair is a Democrat, 
while in religious matters he gives his adher- 
ence to the Roman Catholic Church. 

Mi'RPHV, Joseph, son of James and Mary 
(Holland) Murphy, was born on a farm near 
Drogheda, in Ireland, Pebruary 2, 1805, and 
when only thirteen years of age came to St. 
Louis. His grandfather purchased a farm of 
oOO acres near Creve CfEur Lake, and young 
Murphy was sent out to him. On his arrival 
here he found the farm mortgaged and out of his 
possession, so he hired out to a farmer at Ploris- 
sant, at a salary of $() a month. He kept the posi- 
tion for two years, but in 1820 moved into the city 
and commenced an ajjprenticeship to the wagon 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



491 



making trade in tlie shop of Daniel Caster. He 
kept close to the bench for fonr years, and by 
the time he was twenty he was a competent 
and exceptionally intelligent wagon maker. As 
soon as he was ont of his time he entered into 
the employment of John B. Gerard and vSamnel 
and ]'.. Mount. 

In l.Si'.'i .Mr. Murphy decided to engage in 
business for himself, and he accordingly rented 
half of the shop on East Main street in which 
he had served his apprenticeship some years ago. 

The hard-working 
\oung Irishman soon 
found his hands full, 
and being compelled 
tt) secure larger 
quarters, rented a 
shop on Second 
street, between Mor- 
gan and Cireen ( now 
Christy). In IS."..') 
the business again 
outgrew the prem- 
ises, and Mr. Murphy 
])urchased a lot on 
Seventh and Mor- 
gan, upon which he 
erected a large and 
convenient shop. 
For twenty years he 
carried on the busi- 
ness here, and then 
purchased a larger 
lot from Jonas Moore 
on Broadway, be- 
tween Cass andO'Fallon, upon which he erected 
a still larger shop. To these quarters he moved 
his business and continued to carry it on success- 
fully until in the year 1888, when, after a career 
of sixty-three years, he retired from actixe work, 
disposing of his interest to his sons. 

Mr. Murphy had no capital to start with, and 
it was nothing but hard work and discretion 
that ha\-e made his fortune for him. Tlie Mexi- 
can war and the Califoruiau exijcditimi brought 
him an immense number of orders. Mr. Murphy 
built a type of wagon which would stand the 



J05LPU ,MLk 



knocking about the absence of roads made in- 
evita))le, and so honorably did he fulfill his 
contracts during the Mexican war, that the 
Government continued to patronize this St. 
Louis pioneer until the building and opening of 
raili-oads made them less dependent on wagons 
for purposes of transportation. It was hard 
work filling the orders, and it was often neces- 
sary to travel sixty and .seventy miles up the 
Missouri river in search of suitable timber, 
which was rafted down to St. L,onis, and then 
sjjlit up by hand, 
there being no saw 
mills in (operation. 

To construct a 
good wagon and one 
that the Government 
officials would ac- 
cept was a serious 
task, because no 
]xunt was used, and 
it was therefore im- 
])()ssible to hide any 
little defects by 
means of an extra 
coat, as feasible now. 
Altogether over 
i'(K),()0() w a g o n s 
were built by Mr. 
Murphy under his 
immediate supervis- 
ion, for not only did 
he supply the Gov- 
ernment almost ex- 
clusively, but he also 
k of the wagons used by 
Thousands of 
families moving to California in 1849, along the 
much worn vSanta Fe trail, journeyed in Murphy 
wagons, and those who were not so fortunately 
equipped were dela\ed by constant break-downs 
and accidents. 
Mr. Murphy 
he is a strong 

He resides in a comfortable home on Washii 
ton avenue, just west of Grand, where he 
spending his honorable old age with his fami 




provided the great 

the earlier travelers westward 



nearh- ninety years of age, but 
arty man and a good talker. 



492 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Mr. Murphy has been thrice married, his present 
wife being the daughter of John Higgins, of St. 
Louis, who died in 1832. By this estimable 
lady he has had ten children, of whom eight are 
now living. He has also eight grandchildren. 

Briggs, Waldo, M.D. son of Dr. William T. 
and Anna (Stubbins) Briggs, was born at Bow- 
ling Green, Kentucky, July 2,1854. He acquired 
a liberal degree of education before entering the 
University of Nashville, where he pursued a 
literary course and 
graduated with hon- 
ors in 1870, secur- 
ing the degree of 
A.B. So great was 
his ambition and de- 
sire to pursue a 
higher course of 
study a n d develop 
within himself the 
natural characterist- 
ics of a professional 
man, that he entered 
the medical depart- 
ment of the \'ander- 
bilt University o f 
Nashville, Tennes- 
see, where he toiled 
and labored unceas- 
ingly during a four 
years' course, and 
graduated in 1875, 
among the first of his 
class, when he well 

merited the degree of Doctor of Aledicine. So 
great was the Doctor's scope and natural ability 
in his chosen profession that he was received 
by the medical fraternity of the city of St. Louis, 
to which city he came in 1877, and was given a 
lectureship in the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of St. Louis as lecturer of operative 
surgery, which chair the Doctor occupied in 
1881. Having secureda hard-earned reputation, 
as well as the confidence and esteem of his 
associates, the Doctor was further tendered the 
chair of professor of clinical surgery and genito- 




urinary surgery in the Beauniont Medical Col- 
lege, which he accepted in 1884. He has also 
been chosen as consulting surgeon of the City 
and Female hospitals. The Doctor stands among 
the first surgeons of to-day, and as a professor, 
second to none of his contemporaries. The op- 
eration upon which the fame of Dr. Briggs will 
probably re.st in the future is that called by him 
"The extra-abdominal method of treatment of 
wounds of the intestines." It consists briefly 
of laparotomy performed in the usual way. The 
wounded intestine is 
brought into view 
and the wound re- 
paired as described 
later on. A ring of 
peculiar form is then 
inserted into the ex- 
ternal wound, and 
the intestine is se- 
cured thereto by 
means of pins passed 
through the mesen- 
tery, .so that it re- 
mains for the time- 
being outside of the 
abdominal c a \- i t \- 
( instead of b e i n g 
dropped back to its 
natural position, as 
hitherto). It is cov- 
ered with a pad of 
absorbent cotton by 
liivKids. suitable means until 

reparation has pro- 
gressed to a point where there is no further 
danger of any of the accidents which formerly- 
made laparotomy for wounds of the intestines 
so fatal, viz.: tearing out of sutures, escape of 
fecal matter into the cavity, and consequent 
peritonitis, etc. The pins are then removed, 
the intestine replaced, and at the proper time 
the external wound is closed. The method of 
reparation of the injury to the intestine is en- 
tirely new, and involves some very interesting his- 
tological questions that are not yet satisfactorily 
worked out. We can, of course, merely allude 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



493 



to the matter here, and would refer the reader 
wIk) takes interest in it to Dr. Bri<jgs' article on 
the operation, which appeared in the St. Louis 
Medical and Surgical Journal inthe yearsof 18!:K) 
and 1891. When the wounds in the intestine 
are located, they are treated by the usual sur- 
gical method, except that the sutures are less fre- 
quent than has hitherto been customary. Dr. 
Briggs then envelops the intestines at the site 
of the wound in a prepared animal membrane 
(from the kidney fat of sheep or bullock), 
which is very lightly stitched to place. In the 
course of a very short time the membrane 1)e- 
comes firmly adherent to the intestine through- 
out, changes its color, and to all intents and 
purposes becomes a part of the intestinal walls, 
thus reinforcing them so that a rupture at the 
wounded point is impossible. 

This principle (the extra-abdominal ) is appli- 
cable to a vast range of injuries hitherto con- 
sidered almost necessarily fatal. Strangulated 
hernia, with gangrene of the intestines, for in- 
stance, is easily reparable in this manner; and 
as a matter of fact. Dr. Briggs has several times 
within the past years operated successfully in a 
number of desperate cases of this sort, remov- 
ing inches, and even feet, of gangrened intestine 
and reuniting the healthy ends of the gut by 
the membranous method. Complete and rapid 
recovery ensued in every instance, though in at 
least two cases the sufferers were aged people, 
and their condition was dangerous before an op- 
eration would be permitted. Dr. Briggs has 
also distinguished himself by other departures 
from old rules and operations in surgery, nota- 
bly in his "lumbar method" of nephrectomy 
and nephrotomy, and by his successes in the 
direction for which his father has earned so high 
' and well-deserved a reputation, viz.: lithotomy. 
His benevolent disposition is proverbial among 
all who know him, and is only second to his 
(juiet, uno.stentatious demeanor, which never 
fails to elicit the esteem and respect of all who 
come in contact with him — a truly high-minded 
and polished gentleman. But few men possess 
in a more marked degree the well-merited con- 
fidence and the warm friendship of his fellow-men . 



The Doctor married Miss N. G. (iraN-, of Cen- 
tralia, Illinois, in April 1888, from which union 
they have one child, Ma.ster Gray Briggs, now 
in his seventh year. 

GLOG.\r, E-MiLE William, born 11th day of 
February 1857, in Teplitz, in the northern part 
of Austria. His father's name was William; his 
mother's, Babette. His father was a manu- 
facturer of all kinds of knitted goods, mostly on 
contract for the government. He was the first 
one to give employment to females in a factory. 

E. W. Glogau was educated in the Freemason 
School (Freimauerer Schule) in Friedrichstadt, 
near Dresden, Germany. From there he was 
sent by his father to England for two years, and 
then to Rlieims, France, to a weaving school. 
His father's intention was to make him a manu- 
facturer, so that he might some day take the 
succession of the works in the northern part of 
Austria. Instead of returning to .\ustria he 
settled in Paris, where he entered into a general 
commission business — a specialty of rags and 
shoddy. The latter was imported from Eng- 
land exclusively. He brought this business to 
such a climax that the attention of some of the 
"Grand Industriels" was drawn to it, and they 
succeeded in 1878 to form a syndicate for the 
erection of large factories for this article, and also 
the passage of a tariff which placed a high duty 
on shoddy and also an export duty on every bale 
of rags which went out of France. This natu- 
rall\- brought Mr. Glogau's business to a close. 

In 1879 Mr. Glogau came to America, more 
upon the warm invitation of his .Vmerican 
friends, whom he met in Paris, who kej)t 
telling him "your place is America." But 
his first visit to America was of short dura- 
tion. He felt too homesick for "beau Paris," 
and went back, but returned again to America 
in 1881, backed by a French syndicate, and 
introduced in this country the first grand Battle 
Panorama. The first one in New York was 
the Siege of Paris, painted by Phillippoteaupere, 
which took the New York public by storm, and 
it was at the opening of this panorama that Gen. 
Grant, who was present, suggested to Mr. 



494 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Glo<^au that tlie artists engajjed by the syndicate 
paint some of the American battle scenes, and 
he wrote in Mr. Glogau's memorandnm book, as 
most interesting subjects, the battle of Gett\s- 
bnro ( Pickett's charge on the third da\- ) and 
the siege and surrender at Vicksburg. 

Both these subjects were executed — the former 
was placed in Chicago, in 18X3, and has been 
open to the public ever since, and the latter was 
taken to New York, and subsequently to San 
Francisco. 

Mr. Glogau event- 
ually purchased all 
the interests of the 
French syndicate 
and formed an Amer- 
ican syndicate, com- 
posed mostly of Chi- 
cago, New York and 
San Francisco ca]H- 
talists, remaining at 
its head until he re- 
tired from this busi- 
ness in 188(3, after 
dividing among his 
partners over one 
million dollars i n 
])rofits. 

Returning to New 
York, he found 
tilings awfully slow 
there. He returned 
west again and pur- 
chased from one of 
the Chicago capital- 
ists an interest in the ground lease of the prop- 
erty on Sixth and Olive streets, where the pres- 
ent Commercial Building stands, but not with 
the intention of locating in St. Louis. 

His frequent visits to St. Louis soon convinced 
him that St. Louis was a splendid field for iu- 
ve.stment in real estate, and in the fall of 1S.S7 
he decided to locate here. His transactions in 
real estate since have been very numerous, 
among others, he leased the property where the 
present Union Trust Building stands, and in the 
same manner in which he organized the corpora- 




EMILE WILLI 



tion which erected the Commercial Building he 
financiered and supervised the erection of the 
Union Trust Building, and also the St. Nicholas 
Hotel, now in course of completion, at Eighth 
and Locust, also the closing of lease for corner 
of Market and Twentieth street, for the Termi- 
nal Railroad Association, for the erection of the 
Union Depot Hotel, which is to be completed by 
January first next. 

In LS8il he married Miss Eleanor B. Bunzl, 
daughter of M. Julius Bunzl, of New York, a 
highly esteemed 
merchant of New 
York, and noted 
philanthropist. 

Air. Glogau comes 
from parents who 
were "free think- 
ers," and so does his 
wife, though he only 
joined, since his lo- 
cating in St. Louis, 
the Ethical Culture 
Society. He visits all 
churches, and takes 
a great deal of inter- 
est in church mat- 
ters. His great 
hobby is the making 
of rounds of all 
churches, visiting a 
different church 
e\'ery Sunday. 

Politically he is a 
staunch Republican, 
but is willing to admit that there are two sides to 
every argument, and he is always glad to dis- 
cuss, on neutral ground, questions of special 
importance. 

Lkwi.s, Br.\xsford. — St. Louis is excep- 
tionally fortunate, not only in the standing 
of its numerous medical practitioners, whose 
reputation has extended beyond the limits of 
the city or State, but also in its medical 
writers and editors. Prominent among these 
is Dr. Bransford Lewis, who was born in 



BIOCRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



495 



November, l!S(i2, at St. Charles, ^Missouri, 
his father, Edward A. Lewis, being asso- 
ciate judj^e of the State Supreme Court of 
^Missouri. His early education was acquired 
at the local public schools, and later at Wash- 
ington University. In 1881 he entered the 
Missouri Medical College, where he graduated 
in 1.S.S4. After passing a competitive exam- 
ination, he was appointed assistant physi- 
cian at the City Hospital, occupying a similar 
position later at the Female Hospital and the 
Poor House. His 
services were found 
to be sufficiently val- 
uable to warrant his 
advancement to the 
assistant s u p e r i n- 
tendency of the Cit\- 
Hospital, which po- 
sition he maintained 
for two years, resign- 
ing in 1889, in order 
to commence private 
practice. In 18!H) 
he was appointed 
editor of the ll'cckly 
Mcc/ical Rcz'ic-u\ and 
also lecturer in gen- 
ito-urinary surgery 
and venereal dis. 
eases at the ^lissouri 
Medical College. In 
1891 he resigned the 
editorship of the 
Weekly Medical Rc- 

vietVy and went to Europe, where he continued his 
studies in some of the leading hospitals of the 
Old World. Returning in 1892, in connection 
with a number of eminent physicians, some re- 
siding in St. Louis, and some in other cities, he 
commenced the publication of the Medical Forl- 
nig/itly, of which he is editor. The /•'orhiig/illy 
has already attracted great attention, and is 
destined to become one of the most important 
medical periodicals published. 

Dr. Lewis is a member of the American Asso- 
ciation of Genito-Urinary Surgeons, of the St. 



Louis Medical Society, the City Hospital ]\Ied- 
ical Society ( in the organization of which he 
was largely instrumental ), the Missouri State 
Medical Society, the Mississippi Valley Medical 
Association, and the American Medical Associa- 
tion, the National Association of Railway Sur- 
geons, the American Medical Editors' Associa- 
tion, the Missouri Valle}* Medical Association, 
Missouri Medical College Alumni Association, 
member of the Mercantile Club of St. Louis. 
He is also an honorary member of the St. Charles 
County Medical So- 
ciety. He is con- 
sultant in genito-uri- 
nary surgery to the 
Missouri Pacific and 
Iron Mountain Hos- 
pital, the City Hos- 
pital, Female Hos- 
pital, Baptist Sani- 
tarium and Hospital, 
and to St. ^Mary's In- 
firmary of St. Louis. 
Dr. Lewis is un- 
married. He is one 
of the brightest 
\oung physicians of 
Missouri, and has a 
brilliant future be- 
fore him, both local 
and national. He 
has originated sev- 
eral surgical devices 
DR. B. LEWIS. and methods of treat- 

ment that have mer- 
ited the emphatic praise of his medical breth- 
ren, both at home and abroad. 

Gr.wes, Spen'CKR Colkm.\n, M.D., son of 
George O. and Kizzie Hood Graves, was born 
June (3, 1858, in Montgomery county, Kentucky, 
where his father was practicing as a physician. 
He was educated in the common schools of 
Fayette county, Kentucky, after which he at- 
tended the Winchester High School and Center 
College, at Danville, after which he pursued his 
studies at Cornell University, where he nuule 




496 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



rapid progress and secured a classical educa- 
tion. 

Selecting medicine as a ijrofession, he entered 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New- 
York City, where he studied for three years, 
graduating with honors in 1888. He then en- 
tered the competitive examination for admittance 
into the Charity Hospital on Blackwell's Island, 
and, being successful, remained with that insti- 
tution for eighteen months, and then again 
graduated. In 188;'^ he came to St. Louis, in 
which city he has 
since practiced medi- 
cine. He was instru- 
mental in the organ- 
ization of the Beau- 
mont Hospital Med- 
ical College, among 
othereminent physi- 
c i a n s , and was 
elected to the chair 
of professor of minor 
and operative sur- 
gery. 

The Doctor is a 
prominent member 
of the St. Louis Med- 
ical Society, the 
American Medical 
Association, Medico- 
Chirurgical Society, 
Mississippi Vallev 
Medical Association 
and other societies of 
physicians and sur- 
geons. He is a well-known contributor to a large 
number of prominent medical journals, and his 
writings are always read with a great deal of in- 
terest, having in them the expression of much 
thought and deep study. He is one of the col- 
laborators of the Medical Fortnightly, a young, 
but substantial journal, which is rapidly coming 
to the front. As a physician. Dr. Graves is very 
popular, and has gained a large and lucrative 
practice. His medical education has been ex- 
ceptionally complete, and as he is one of those 
men who consider a num must be alwavs learn- 



ing and acquiring information in order to keep 
up with the times, he studies continuousl)- and 
allows no important medical discussion or dis- 
covery to pass without investigation and close 
He is a well-known societ}' man, highly re- 
spected by a large circle of friends, in addition 
to those who recognize his ability in the profes- 
sion he has made his own. 



;\IcLarax, 
and Annie i 



ROKKR'I 

Jennini; 




ROBERT L. Mcl.ARAN. 



L., a son of Charles 
) McLaran, was born 
January 27, 18t)2, 
St. Louis being the 
place of his nativity. 
Here he has also 
lived all his life, was 
here educated, and 
this city has been the 
scene of the begin- 
ning of his life-work 
in his chosen profes- 
sion, the law. He 
entered the Wash- 
ington University in 
his boyhood, and re- 
ceived his entire ed- 
ucation at that insti- 
tution. Subsequent 
events have devel- 
oped the fact that he 
was fortunate in his 
choice of a profes- 
sion, as his talents 
seem well adapted to 
the practice of law. 
He began his legal studies by attending a 
course of lectures for a year at the St. Louis 
Law School (a branch of the Washington Uni- 
versity), was admitted to the bar in 1884, and 
then entered the law office of Laughlin & Taylor, 
where he continued the prosecution of his studies, 
which were supplemented by practical law work. 
UjJon the dissolution, in 1886, of the partner- 
ship existing between Judge Laughlin and Mr. 
Mortimer F. Taylor, Mr. McLaran became asso- 
ciated with the latter, forming a partnership 
which was maintained until 1892. 



BIOGRAPHIC A r. APPENDIX. 



497 



Although he has given every branch of juris- 
])rucleiice careful study, Mr. McLaran has adopted 
the practice of corporation law as his specialty; 
and his connection with Mr. Taylor, whose abil- 
il\- and learning in that branch of law is gener- 
allv recognized, has given him exceptional op- 
portunities of becoming thoroughly acquainted 
with all its diflficult details. 

Mr. ]\IcLaran, although a young man, has 
won for himself, through energy and integrit}-, 
a well-defined position in the courts, and is now 
regarded as a sound 
and reliable lawyer. 
He takes a lively in- 
terest in political and 
public affairs, but is 
too deeply devoted 
to his profession to 
ever become what is 
known as a "prac- 
tical politician." In 
political faith he is 
a Democrat, and is 
one of the active pro- 
moters of the success 
of that party. Mr. 
McLaran is a bach- 
elor. 

The future con- 
tains much that is 
Ijrilliant and grati- 
fying for this ]iopu- 
larand talented law- 
yer, who is iini\ers- 
ally admired. 

EsTES, Fr.\nk M. — Frank M. Estes bears a 
family name that is as old and as honored as any 
in the South, and many noted men have added to 
its luster. He was born in Haywood county, 
Tennessee, August 2(5, l!S.'i4. He received his 
early collegiate education at McGill University, 
Montreal, Canada, completing it at that re- 
nowned seat of learning, the University of Vir- 
ginia, where he received special instruction in 
the ethics of law, having early in life determined 
to adopt that noble profession as his life-work. 

Quitting school, he came to St. Louis, reach- 
32 




FRANK M. ESTES 



ing the city in IST.'i. He at once set about giv- 
ing his legal equipment the polish of a post- 
graduate course at the St. Louis Law School, 
following the completion of which he was ad- 
mitted to the bar, and ever since has been a 
successful practitioner. His course has been 
constantly upward from the beginning, and but 
few years had elapsed ere he had won high rank 
in the membership of a bar noted for its brill- 
iancy and ability. 

In the two decades he has practiced in the 
courts of St. Louis 
and the Mississippi 
\'alley he has figured 
in many cases of im- 
portance, and in all 
has shown himself a 
lawyer of learning, 
shrewdness and abil- 
ity. As an orator his 
st\le is graceful and 
polished, but these 
qualities in no sense 
detract from the force 
and vigor of his ex- 
pression. He is a 
genuine American of 
many generations of 
natural development 
and, therefore, is a 
thorough politician 
in the broader mean- 
ing of the word. 
Not withstanding 
that he has taken the 
nterest in every political campaign for 
is far too devoted to the law to lav it 



liveliest i 
}ears, he 
aside to become a holder of an oflfice. 

Although he has frequently been solicited, he 
has only accepted offices, the nature of which 
showed his patriotic and disinterested motives, 
such as chairman of the Democratic Central Com- 
mittee. His kindnes has been also taken ad\-an- 
tage of by the Missouri Bar Association, of which 
he acted as secretary for some time. He likewise 
served the Elks Club as president, and was at one 
time Supreme Chancellorof the Legion of Honor. 



498 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Mr. Estes returned to his native State to find 
a wife, in the person of Miss Donie Phillips, 
of Dyersburg, Tennessee, a lady of excellent 
family, and of great beauty. Two children 
have blessed this union. 

Nelson, W. P. — One of the progressive and 
public-spirited men who have done much to 
bring St. Louis into the proud position of one of 
the great cities of the earth is W. P. Nelson, the 
real estate agent. Of course, in working to ex- 
tend, advertise and 
build up the city, he 
has built up and ad- 
vanced his own inter- 
ests, but the credit 
for what he has done 
for St. Louis is no 
less due him on tliat 
account. 

Mr. Nelson is a 
nati\-e of the cit\- in 
which he lives, hav- 
ing been born here 
June 25, 1.S47. He 
is the son of Wni. vS. 
and Catharine Nel- 
son, who came from 
the Sjiate of New 
York, whither, when 
he was seven years 
of age, the parents 
again sent him to 
obtain the benefit of 
that invigorating 

climate. In the northern part of that State, the 
boy, whose brief biography is here written, 
spent his boyhood. The rugged climate of that 
region assisted in giving him a hardy constitu- 
tion, thus conferring the most valuable of all 
gifts as a foundation on which to build alonglife. 

When William was fifteen j-ears of age he 
returned to St. Louis. The northern part of 
New York has excellent public schools, and in 
these the lad mastered the common branches of 
learning, but shortly after he returned to St. 
Louis, where intendiu": to obtain a finislied 




education, he entered Wyman University , at that 
time one of the first colleges of the city, and 
which was located at Sixteenth and Pine. He 
industriously applied himself, and as a result, 
graduated from the institution as valedictorian 
of his class with high honors. 

When he left school, he had reached his nine- 
teenth year, and clerked for the mill furnishers, 
G. and W. Todd & Company, for two years, when 
he took charge of his father's books, who was a 
contracting engineer, and was formerly a part, 
ner of Jas. B. Eads. 
At the time to which 
we refer, the elder 
Nelson had the con- 
tract for building the 
caissons of the Ead's 
bridge and the ap- 
proach and he was 
given employment 
in connection with 
this and other con- 
tracts. On the com- 
pletion of these, his 
father went south to 
assist Capt. Eads in 
the Jetties project. 
W. P. Nelson had a 
desire to be inde- 
pendent, and being 
entirely without 
means, he started a 
collection business. 
Seeing the great 

=LSON. * '^ 

profit real estate 
would return to the man with enough foresight 
to get in on the ground floor, as the city was 
ju.st then shaking off the lethargy induced by 
the war, and was just beginning her real growth , 
he added the business of real estate agent in 
1874 and 1875, as W. P. Nelson & Company. 

In 1881 the style of the firm was changed to 
Gray & Nelson, Mr. B. V. Gray, Jr., being part- 
ner, which lasted seven profitable years, being 
amicably dissolved in 1887. In 1888 he asso- 
ciated with him ;\Ir. O. L. Mersman, under the 
name of Nelson & ^lersman, which firm is 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



W 



now one of the foremost in the cit\- in its Hue. 

Mr. Nelson is a memberofthe Mercantile and St. 
I/mis clubs. He is abeliever in cluband society 
organizations, audislikewiseamemberof the Or- 
der of United Workmen, and the Royal Arcanum. 

Mr. Nelson is a very domestic man in his 
tastes and habits; his wife was a Miss Lilian 
Waters, daughter of Jaures L. Waters, one of 
the oldest and most substantial wholesale grocers 
of St. Louis. 

It may be noted here, that Mr. Nelson is one 
of the progressive 
l)usiness men of St. 
Ivouis. He belongs 
to that class of 
\'ounger St. Louis 
men with iron in 
their l)lood, who by 
their combined en- 
ergy and industry 
ha\-e builded a great 
city. 

Not the least in- 
dustrious and in- 
fluential of these is 
Mr. Nelson, whose 
work has been of a 
high order, and 
whose success has 
been well earned. 
He is now in the 
jirinie of life and is 
still gi\iug his best 
a 1 1 e n t i o n to his 
work. 

()RK, I.S.\.\C H., the well known and success- 
ful lawyer of thi.s city, is the son of William C. 
and P^liza Orr, liis mother's maiden name hav- 
ing been Jordan. 

Mr. Orr is a member of that distinguished 
vSt. Louis colony, known as the " Pike counts- 
people." Pike county has produced dozens of 
men who have come to St. Louis, and by their 
native ability and industry have walked steadily 
forward to j^ositions of leadership in law, poli- 
tics and business. Pike county has been espe- 
cially kind to vSt. Louis in the gift of men wluj 




ISAAC H. ORR. 



ha\'e become distinguished lawyers. .And when 
the list is cited of able lawyers who look back 
to old Pike as their birthplace, the name of 
Isaac H. Orr is never omitted, for he is consid- 
ered as one of the able sons of whom that great 
county is proud. 

Mr. Orr first saw the light of da>- on February 
14th (St. Valentine's day ), IsCi!, in the town of 
Louisiana. Hepas.sed his youth as do most bovs, 
attending the excellent public school at Louisi- 
ana, until he had acquired a thorough common 
school education. 
He took the regular 
course at the St. 
Louis Law School, 
and graduated there- 
from in June, 1.S.S8, 
and was at once ad- 
mitted to the bar, and 
opened an office and 
huugout his shingle. 
At first the shingle 
contained o u 1 }■ 
his own name, but on 
November 1, l.ssc, 
he formed a partnei"- 
ship with Harvey L. 
Christie, and the 
firm of Orr & Christie 
thus constituted, 
continued until Fel.i- 
ruary 1, I.S!i;i, at 
which time Mr. John 
L. liruce entered the 
c o - p a r t n e r s h i ]5 , 
nider the firm name of 



which still continues 
( )rr, Christie & Bruce. 

Mr. Orr takes an active interest in politics, 
for all Pikers are natural born politicians, but 
he is in no respect a seeker of official prefer- 
ment at the hands of his party. He is a staunch 
and conscientious Republican. 

Mr. Orr was brought up in a chri.stiau family, 
and received a religious training. He has never 
departed from the faith taught him by his mother, 
and is to-day an active and influential member of 
theCumberland Presbyterian Church of thiscity. 



500 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



He has been for some )-ears one of the direct- 
ors of the Law Library Association, which is 
considered a position of no small honor among 
the legal profession. 

On Jnly 19, 1893, Mr. Orr was married to 
Miss Ella Virginia Pitman, daughter of the well- 
known Professor R. H. Pitman, of Sau Jose, 
California. 

Darst, Joseph C, son of James E. and 
Mary Anne (Hartnett) Darst was born in Alay, 
1858, on the home- 
stead now so popu- 
lar as a suburban 
home site, at Fergu- 
son, just beyond the 
city limits of St. 
Louis. He attended 
the public schools 
for three years, and 
then entered the old 
St. Louis University 
on Ninth and Wash- 
ington aveniie, 
where he remained 
for five years, recei\- 
ing a splendid edu- 
cation, and gradu- 
ated in 1876. For 
the following nine 
years, he had charge 
of the farm, on which 
he was born, thereby 
acquiring a great 
amount of practical 
information as the result of 

In 1886, he removed to tl 
diately became interested i 




JOSEPH C. DARST. 



ird work, 
city, and imme- 

the Cantine Coal 
Company, in which business he continued until 
1889, when having become sole proprietor, he 
sold out to Messrs. Mathews and Nicholson. 
During this time he had taken an active inter- 
est in the real estate of the city, and finding 
himself unencumbered by other business ties, 
he formed a co-partnership with his brother-in- 
law, under the firm name of Darst & Milten- 
berger, for the purpose of dealing in real estate. 



as brokers. The offices of this firm were located 
at 804 Chestnut street. The firm did a verv 
profitable business, until the year 1891, when 
the partnership was dissolved by mutual con- 
sent, and each member continued business on 
his own account. 

]\Ir. Darst is an exceptionally successful real 
estate operator. While not by any means con- 
fining his operations to suburban property, he 
has made a specialty of this class of business, 
and has made many thousands of dollars for his 
clients by his good 
advice, and by per- 
suading them to act 
upon it before the 
rise in value which 
he was able to fore- 
see. Darst Place, his 
old home and birth- 
place, at Ferguson, 
is becoming one of 
the most popular and 
best improved of the 
many suburban sub- 
divisionsof St. Louis 
and some of the prop- 
erty controlled by the 
Fruit Hill Realty 
Company, of which 
Mr. Darst is secre- 
tary and treasurer, 
is also exceptionally 
desirable in ever}- re- 
spect. He is also in- 
terested in other 
elegant home districts, and is able to put appli- 
cants in possession of the choicest residences and 
locations. He is an expert in building associa- 
tion's methods, and is treasurer of the Hum- 
boldt, admitted to be one of the soundest institu- 
tions of the kind in existence. His genial man- 
ner, earnestness in his work, and constant watch- 
fulness for the interests of his clients, account 
in a great measure for his success, and promise 
to make him one of the most prominent realty 
men in the West. Mr. Darst is a member of the 
Marquette Club, and a popular West End man. 



RIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



501 



He married in the year 188(), Miss Annie 
^liltenberger, daughter of Eugene Miltenberger, 
wlic) was a prominent and very highly esteeured 
business man in this city, and for a num1)er of 
years in partnership witli his ljrother-in-ia\v, 
Boge. 

j\[r. Darst has four children, Marion, Josf])h 
A., and Lawrence M. and Alice. 

Kn.PATRiCK, Ci.AUDK, is a successful and ]K)p- 
ular real estate agent and operator, and a mem- 
ber of the firm of 
Rutledge & Kilpat- 
rick. He was born 
in Huntsville, Ala- 
bama, November 11, 
I.SIO, his father be- 
ing Dr. Thomas J. 
Kilpatrick, who was 
practicing medicine 
at that period i n 
Huntsville. His 
mother was, prior to 
her marriage, ]\[iss 
Mary Gibbins. 

Young Kilpatrick 
was educated at pri- 
vate school in Mem- 
phis, Tennessee, 
whence he came to 
St. Louis and entered 
Prof. Wyman's Uni- 
versity where he took 
a course of study. 
In 1<S()4, he returned 

to Memphis, and for seven mouths served in the 
Quartermaster's Department. Just after the 
close of the war he returned to St. Louis, and 
was appointed book-keeper and cashier for Jesse 
Arnot, who, at that time, owned by far the finest 
livery establishment in the West. Mr. Kilpat- 
rick retained this position for fourteen years, 
during which time he made an immense number 
of friends by his strict attention to business, and 
his courteous and affable manner. 

Having given a good deal of attention in his 
spare time to real estate questions, and having 




CLAUDE KILPATRICK 



made a few small investments, he, in the year 
1854, secured a partnership in the firm of S. T. 
Porter &; Company, which firm, in tlie year 188t>, 
changed its name to Rutledge &. Kilpatrick, by 
which it is still known. During the phenome- 
nal but steady rise in real estate values in St. 
Louis, the firm of Rutledge & Kilpatrick has 
taken a \er)- active part in the large transfers of 
property, and the method of procedure adopted 
by them has been so uniformly honest and 
straightforward, that there has never been any 
hesitation about re- 
posing in them the 
most absolute confi- 
dence. The firm 
makes a specialty of 
the management of 
estates and of the 
collection of rents, 
and Mr. Kilpatrick 
gi\-es his personal 
attention to many of 
these details. 

In addition to his 
.'irduous real estate 
duties, Mr. Kilpat- 
rick is an active and 
busy club man, be- 
ing a member of the 
St. Louis, Xoon-Day 
and Jockey Clubs. 

He married i n 
June, IS?;-}, Miss 
Dollie L. Liggett, 
daughter of Mr. 
James E- Liggett, of the firm of Liggett &. Myers 
Tobacco Compan\'. Mr. and Mrs. Kilpatrick 
have two children, E^lizabeth and Mary Louis. 
The family resides in a \-ery handsome residence 
at ;'i()l.") Delmar a\-enue. 

Si'KLBRiNK, Louis, is well known as one of 
the most successful livery and boarding stable 
keepers in the city. His establishment is known 
as the '■ Montezuma," and is located on Franklin 
avenue, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth 
streets. This establishment has been in ojjera- 



502 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



tioii a large number of years, and has been under Bikr.max, Lkwis, was born in a quaint, old- 

the control of Mr. Spelbrink for about a qiuuter fashioned farm-house on the l:)anks of the Weser, 

of a centur\-, prior to which time it was run by close to the city of Bremen, Ciermanv, on the 

Mr. P'rederick lyeuman, his father-in-law. 17th day of December, l-Sot;. When he was 

It seems hardly necessary to say, that -Mr. scarcely four years old, his parents emigrated 

Spelbrink is a St. Louisan by birth, his inter- to this country and settled in St. Louis, 

ests being so inseparable from the city, that the Having attended Wyman's High School for 

idea of his being born elsewhere seems out of two years, young Lewis, at the age of fifteen, 

the question. He is rather more than fifty years struck out for himself, his first employment 

of age, having been born December 9, 1842. being with H. Miller, who kept a retail cigar 

He was educated in the public schools where he store under the Planters' House. 



remained until h e 
was about fourteen 
yearsofage. Inl.'>.')l 
his mother died leav- 
ing nine children, of 
whom he was the 
oldest, and he was 
then taken from 
school and placed 
with an uncle in the 
grocery business. 
After carefully study- 
ing the business for 
some years, he started 
out for himself in the 
same line, and in 
ISIiC. he married 
Miss .\nielia Leu- 
man, daughter of 
Frederick Leuman, 
one of the most 
prominent ]:> o 1 i t i - 
cians and li\-erymen 
of his day. 

A few years after his marriage, .Mr. Spell)rink 
retired from the grocery business, and his father- 
in-law wishing to retire from active work, sold 
to him the livery and undertaking business with 
which he had been connected. Mr. Spelbrink 
has continued the business upon the old lines, 
improving many of the details of management, 
and giving especial attention to the undertaking 
department. He is regarded as one of the most 
successful and reliable emlmlmers in the West, 
and his services have fi'equeutly been requisi- 
tioned from a great distance. 




LOUIS C. SPELBRINK. 



This did not satis- 
fy his ambition, and 
an opportunity pre- 
senting itself to enter 
the business of F. M . 
Wood & Company, 
retail clothiers, he 
a\-ailed himself of it. 
Their business was 
located at the north- 
west corner of Main 
and Market streets, 
opposite the old 
French Market, 
which was at that 
time the center of 
the general retail 
trade of St. Louis. 

.\t the expiration 
of about two years, 
in consequence of the 
death of one of the 
partners, the firm of 
F. M. Wood & Com - 
])any discontinued business, and Levi Stern .S; 
Company, who dealt in the same line next door, 
gave him a position in their house. About 
a year and a half after this the latter firm con- 
cluded to enter the live-stock business, and 
in this short period young Lewis had gained 
their confidence to such an extent that they 
entrusted him with their entire stock of goods, 
and he was sent down to Cape Girardeau to 
close the same out for them. Upon his re- 
turn to St. Louis he entered the employ of 
.Martin Brothers, also in the retail clothing line. 



BIOGRAPHICAL AP/'IiNPIX. 



503 



oil the northeast corner of Main and Market 
streets. This firm, appreciating liis energy and 
ability, Mr. Chas. G. Martin, the manager of 
tlic St. Louis branch, tendered him the ])()sit,ion 
of general salesman and tra\'eler in their whole- 
sale department at ll'S North ^laiii street — at 
that time probabh' the largest business of its 
kind in this city. With this firm he remained 
six or seven years, traveling extensively 
through the southern and western country as gen- 
eral collector and confidential representative. 

In the early part 
of the war, about the 
year lSi;i>, Martin 
Krotliers decided to 
close up their busi- 
ness in the West, and 
Mr. Bierman a.ssisted 
them in winding up 
their affairs travel- 
ing about the coun- 
t r y a n d p a s s i n g 
through the lines of 
both armies to col- 
lect the outstanding 
debts due the firm, • 
in doing which he 
met with some thrill- 
ing and interesting 
experiences. After 
this he connected 
himself with the firm 
of Will. Young ^ 
C o in p a n )• , wit h 
whom he remained 

until February, l.S7:^, when they sold out ti 
vSahlein, Singer & Company. Entering the 
business of the latter firm he at once became one 
of their most active and prominent salesmen, and 
in IfSHO, upon a reorganization of the firm, Mr. 
liierman was admitted as one of the general 
ixirtuers. On .Vjjril C, l.s,S2, ^[r. Uernard 
vSinger, at that time the senior niember, died, 
and ^[r. P.ierman and his co-partners bought 
out the interest of their deceased partner, and 
have since continued the business under the 
st\le of Baer, Seasongood i.\: Company. 




LEWIS BIERjMAN 



From the abo\-e, it will be seen that Mr. P>ier- 
niau is intimateh- familiar with all the details 
of his business, and his co-partners, Messrs. 
Adolph Baer and Simon .Seasongood, also hav- 
ing large experience and thorough training, 
the}' have contributed much toward making 
St. Louis an important market in their line. 
They occupy commodious quarters at 717 and 
71!l Washington avenue, where they manufact- 
ure a general stock of clothing, giving employ- 
ment to a large force of hands and doing an 
extensive trade in 
the South and West. 
In l.S(;2 Mr. Bier- 
man married Miss 
.Vnna M., daughter 
of S. F. Merry, of 
I'tica, Xew York. 
This lady died in 
Jul\- 1.S77, Iea\iiig 
two sons and adaugh- 
ter. In l.s.SH Mr. 
Bierman married his 
present wife, Mrs. 
Kmma F. Bierman, 
who was the }-oung- 
est sister of his first 
wife, and b\' whom 
he has one daughter. 
^Ir. Bierman at- 
tends closely to his 
business and never 
speculates, unless it 
be on an occasional 
deal in real estate, 
in which he has been very successful, being in- 
terested in some of the choicest "West End" 
property of St. Louis. He loves a good horse, 
always keeping one or two for his own use, and 
is considered one of the best amateur drivers in 
town, and greatly enjoys taking a friend out for 
a dri\-e, or showing a stranger through our 
beautiful ])arks and sul)iirbs. As may be imag- 
ined, he is a ])romiuent and familiar figure down- 
town, being one of the organizers of the Mer- 
cantile Cbib, and also a member of the Fair 



Grounds Jt 



Clul 



504 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Wenneker, Charles Frederick, is a na- 
tive of St. Louis, in which city he was born on 
October 10, 1853, or rather more than fort\' 
years ago. His father was ]\Ir. Clemens W. 
Wenneker, well known to the older generation 
of St. Louisans, and his mother's maiden name 
was Blanke. He was educated in the public 
schools, and subsequently attended Bryant & 
Stratton's Business College, where he took a 
full course. His relatives being connected with 
the candy business, it was but natural that he 
took an interest in 
that manufacture, 
and for twenty years 
he was connected 
with the firm of 
Blanke Brothers. 
He learned every de- 
tail in the trade and 
soon came to be re- 
garded as an expert 
in every branch of it. 
In 18!K) he connect- 
ed himself with Mr. 
R. B. Morris, and 
the firm known as 
the Wenneker-Mor- 
ris Candy Comijany 
was organized, with 
Mr. Wenneker pres- 
ident, Mr. Morris as 
vice-president, and 
Mr. A. Ellerbrook 
as secretary. A 
magnificent estab- 
lishment was secured for the purpose of the 
business, in which upwards of fifteen hundred 
varieties of confectionery are mamifactured. 
The entire South and Southwest territory is 
covered by traveling men from the house, and 
the business transacted is of a very extensive 
and profitable character, the firm ranking among 
the first in America. 

In politics Mr. Wenneker is a Republican, 
and his sentiments are expressed in no uncer- 
tain terms. Although giving an immense 
amount of time to the candv business, and con- 




CHARLES FREDERICK WENNEKER. 



tributing largely to the magnificent success this 
firm has attained, ]Mr. Wenneker has, also, for 
years regarded it as a dut)- to study up the ques- 
tion and assert his views with no uncertain 
voice. In 188i;l he was appointed by President 
Harrison, Internal Revenue Collector for the 
district of St. Louis, the third largest in the 
United States. He made an ideal executi\e 
ofificer, performed his duties faithfully and well 
and gave so much satisfaction that he served 
several months over his term. President Cleve- 
land being in no hur- 
ry to supplant him 
by a Democrat. 

Prior to this ap- 
pointment he was 
strongly urged to 
make the race for 
Congress in the 
eighth district, Imt 
declined. 

Mr. Wenneker is 
now able to give his 
full attentitm to the 
company of which 
he is president, and 
new triumphs in the 
field of commerce 
will be the result. 

Mr. Wenneker is a 
member of the Mer- 
cantile Club, and of 
a number of other 
local institutions and 
social and commer- 
cial organizations. He is a high degree Mason 
and a member of the Ancient Order United 
Workmen. 

He has traveled very extensively and has 
visited nearly e\-ery State and Territory in the 
Union. He has been married about fifteen 
years, and is regarded as one of the leading 
members of the commercial and social circles of 
the city. 

Mrs. C. F. Wenneker was formerly IMiss Jo- 
hanna Heidereda. She has one child, a daugh- 
ter, aged eight. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



505 



Hari'Kr, John Geddes, D.D. S., son of 
James W. and Mary Ann (Lydic) Harper, was 
born on a farm in Crawford county, Ohio, in 
1.S48.- His parents removed to Illinois in 1851. 
He was educated in the common schools near 
his home, and sirbsequently taught school him- 
self. He then entered the University of Minne- 
sota in 1870, where he studied zealously. 

Commenced the study of dentistry under Dr. 
Bowman in 1873, a high-class practitionerof Min- 
neapolis. Not content with the knowledge he thus 
acquired, he next 
entered the Missouri 
Dental College in 
18 74, where he took 
a three years'conrse, 
graduating in 1877. 
He was appointed 
demonstrator of me- 
chanical dentistry in 
the fall of the same 
year, and in 1884 
was made professor 
in the same branch, 
still holding the po- 
sition. 

Prior to graduat- 
ing he had practiced 
successfully as assist- 
ant under Dr. Ho- 
mer Judd. He has 
now been in jiractice 
for himself since 



^r 


-^ '* ^^\ 


^H^<'A ?' 


^^H|||^H|r^- Jj^f^-: . 


^^^v 



!■''<■''. JOHN OEDDE-^ 

Dr. Harper has 
been a constant contributor to the dental litera- 
ture of the day, having served a number of years 
as associate editor and two years as editor of the 
Aniiivcs of Dcnlislry. 

He has lieen for some time a member of the 
Missouri State Dental Association and the St. 
Louis Dental Society, and has been honored as 
president and secretary of both. 

Dr. Harper married Miss Mary Hauston 
in July, 1880. His family consists of two 
boys and three girls, all of these full of 
promise. 



Orr, William Anderson, son of William 
C. and Mary (Anderson) Orr, was born in St. 
Louis, February Ki, 18(i2. He was educated at 
Washington University, where he proved an apt 
and intelligent student, making rapid progress 
in all branches, and finally graduating with 
honors in the year 188.'). On leaving college 
he entered the wholesale boot and shoe house of 
Orr & Lindsley, of which his father was the 
senior partner. A year later the business was 
incorporated under the laws of the State as the 
Orr& Lindsley Shoe 
Company, Mr. W. A. 
Orr being one of the 
incorporators. In 
1888 Mr. W. C. Orr 
died and his son be- 
came vice-president 
of the company, Mr. 
Lindsley being elect- 
ed president. In De- 
cember, 18it(), Mr. 
Lindsley retired from 
business and the 
name of the com- 
pany was changed to 
the William A. Orr 
vShoe Company, with 
Mr. Orr as president. 
Mr. ( )rr is a young 
man to have charge 
of a corporation as 
extensive and im- 
l^ortant as the Wm. 
A. Orr Shoe Com- 
panv, but he has proved him.self fully able to 
meet the responsibilities of the position, and 
under his management the business has in- 
creased rapidly and the already high reputation 
of the firm has been improved and extended. 
Mr. Orr has traveled over nearly the entire ter- 
ritory supplied by the house of which he is 
president, and he is thoroughly well known and 
respected on the road. He has introduced a 
number of new lines and is ever on the alert to 
kee]) up with the times and to provide the 
very best the market affords at the lowest possi- 



rm 



OLD AhW NEW ST. LOUIS. 



ble prices for first-class material. The company 
■now ranks among the largest in the city, and, 
indeed, in the Uiiited States. It does an espe- 
cially large business in the city, and, also, in 
Missouri, Kan.sas, Texas, and, indeed, all States 
and Territories of the West, Southwest and 
South. 

Mr. Orr is looked uidou as one of the rising 
men of St. Louis. He has had the benefit of a 
first-class education, and also of an European 
trip, which he took in the year 188(j. He is in- 
terested in every movement designed to increase 
the commercial and social importance of St. 
Louis, and he has been largely instrumental in 
building up the shoe manufactures of the city 
to its present large and substantial condition. 
He is a member of the Mercantile Club and a 
Mason. He devotes a considerable amount of 
time to semi-philanthropic matters, and is an 
unselfish, courteous and obliging gentleman. 

Scott, Thoii.\s A., is known as one of the 
most daring real estate operators St. Louis has 
ever seen; as a member of the firm of S. F. & 
T. A. Scott he became prominently connected 
with St. Louis real estate in the year 1888, and 
since then he has been connected with several 
deals of maninioth proportions. The experi- 
ence he had acquired in realt}' operations in 
Chicago and Kansas City before locating here 
served him in good stead, and he came to St. 
Louis just at a time when the Eastern public 
was awakening to the fact that this city must 
be taken into consideration, in all calculations 
bearing upon the future of the great West and 
the commercial progress of the country. The 
firm inaugurated their establishment here by 
expending $25,000 in one year in advertising the 
advantages of St. Louis real estate in Eastern 
papers. The result of their enterprise was re- 
markable, and the benefit of it was felt through- 
out the entire real estate; trade, without being 
by any means limited to their own house. 

Messrs. Scott conceived the idea of offering 
at public auction Tyler Place, a magnificent 
tract of two hundred and forty acres, just north 
of Tower (irove Park and west of Grand av- 



enue. This tract was purchased for three-quar- 
ters of a million, and the sale proved the greatest 
ever managed in St. Louis. The firm then ac- 
quired the title to Dundee Place and Gibson 
Heights, which they have also operated with 
great success. Mr. S. F. Scott has generally 
taken charge of the Kansas City business, while 
Tom Scott, as the subject of this sketch is gener- 
ally called, has given his exclusive attention to 
the St. Louis business, and is hence the more 
popular member of the firm local h'. 

Mr. Thomas A. Scott was born at Port Hope, 
Canada, October 1«, 18.54. His father was 
Mr. James M. Scott, and in I'S.IK this gentle- 
man located in McHenr\- county, Illinois, sut)- 
sequently moving to Rock county, Wisconsin. 
Here Thomas A. Scott was educated, attend- 
ing school during the winter and working on 
his father's farm in summer. In 187H, when he 
was but nineteen years of age, he utilized his 
savings in a real estate investment in Chicago. 
This was very successful, as were some later 
ventures in the same city. Five or six years 
later he thought it advisable to enter a new field 
of work in Kansas City, where his elder brother, 
Mr. S. F. Scott, was already located. Great 
success attended the enterprise of the brothers, 
both in Kansas Cit}', Missouri, and Kansas 
City, Kansas. (Jf the success of their work 
in St. Louis, mention has already been made. 

The absolute faith and confidence of Mr. 
Thomas Scott in St. Loxiis has proved of great 
advantage from an investment standpoint, and 
of the hundreds of buyers he induced to come 
here, very few have had occasion to regret fol- 
lowing his advice. Naturally an optimist in 
disposition, Mr. Scott combines with his enter- 
prise a reasonable amount of conservatism, and 
does not allow his enthusiasm to get the better 
of his judgment. He works quietly but contin- 
uouslv, and is seldom known to tire of any work 
he undertakes. 

He is a member of the order of Knights of 
Pythias, and of the Elks. He is a great lover 
of home, and idolizes his three children, An- 
toinette N., aged twelve, Thomas A., aged ten, 
and .Samuel ()., aged five. 




"^^-^5^ 



nrocRAPHiCAr. appendix. 



507 



Flitckakt, Pkmhrook R., of the firm of Mills 
& FHtcraft, is the sou of Isaiah R. and Mary 
(Atkinson) FHtcraft, and was born in Salem 
county, New Jersey, January S, 1S47. Both 
parents were members of the Societ\- of Friends. 
In December, 1847, the family moved to Ohio, 
llis father, who was a physician, died fiohtini;' 
that dread scourge, the cholera, in ISl'.i. In 
lis')fS, his mother having re-married, moved to 
Lenawee county, Michigan, and located on a 
farm, where the subject of our sketch lived and 
worked until he en- 
tered college. 

He prepared for 
college in the Raisin 
\'alley Seminary, in 
IvC n a w e e count\-, 
Michigan, and en- 
tered the University 
of Michigan in l.si;?, 
and graduated in the 
classical course, re- 
ceiving the degree 
liachelor of Arts in 
1 'S7 1 , and the degree 
of Master of Arts in 
1.S74. 

Pie was admitted 
to the bar in Kansas 
City, M issou ri , in 
bS7."i, and during 
ihatyearcommenced 
the practice of law 
in Girard, Crawford 
county, Kansas, 
where he formed a partnershi]) wi 
\'oss, one of the oldest and ablest 
the bar in Southern Kansas, under tl 
of \'oss lS: FHtcraft. 

In 1878 he left Kansas and came to St. Louis, 
and resumed the practice, and, in INSl, entered 
into partnership with Henry E. Mills, under the 
firm name of ;\Iills &: FHtcraft, as now existing- 

Mr. b'litcraft is a nurn of sterling integrity, a 
lawyer of ability, and is justly recognized as one 
of the leading members of the St. Louis bar. 
Ills practice is purely civil, and extends through 




PRMBROOK R 



iin T. 
)ers of 
name 



all of the courts, both State and F'ederal. He is 
a Republican in politics, and is a prominent 
member of the Masonic Fraternity, being Past 
Master of George Wa.shington Lodge, No. 9; 
Past High Prie.st of St. Louis Royal Arch Chap- 
ter, No. 8; Pa.st Thrice Illustrious Master of 
Hiram CoTincil, No. 1, Royal and Select Mas- 
ters; Past linnnent Connuander of St. Louis 
Commandery, No. 1, Knights Templar, all of 
St. Louis, Missouri, and is Past Most Illustrious 
Grand Master of the Grand Council Royal and 
Select Masters of 
Missouri. 

Mr. FHtcraft was 
married to Emma B. 
P>renneman, of Pitts- 
burg, Pennsylvania, 
in the fall of 1883, 
and one child, a 
daughter, Ada \'ir- 
ginia FHtcraft, has 
blest this union. 

Although a hard 
worker in his pro- 
fession and always 
eager for a contest 
against the ablest 
men at the bar, ;\Ir. 
FHtcraft finds time 
to devote to the in- 
terests of the numer- 
ous societies to which 
he belongs, and is 
also quite prominent 
in .social circles. 
R L., sou of James and Mary 
•as born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 
He was educated in his 



H. 



(Jo. 
Ant 



r,AX, (_)i.i 
s ) Hagan 

St ;ii, \> 

native city, and graduated with honors from the 
Cincinnati College in 1871. His first position, 
after leaving school, was as money clerk in the 
B. & O. Express office, at Cincinnati, where he 
remained for three years. He made himself 
\ery useful and popular to the company, who 
received his resignation with regret when, after 
three years' service, he decided to join his father, 
who was the owner of large liverv and boardino: 



508 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



stables, with a lucrative horse-tradiiig business 
in connection. He remained with his father for 
about two years, and again showed evidence of 
marked ability and shrewdness as a businessman. 

While in business, young Mr. Hagan was 
elected a niember of the City Council, and 
served for eight years, doing good work for his 
constituents. During this time he had control 
of all the theater programmes of the city, and 
also of other advertising mediums, and contin- 
ued a very prosperous career in Cincinnati in 
this line, until 1887, 
when he finally came 
in more direct con- 
nection with the the- 
atrical profession by 
becoming connected 
with Mr. John H. 
Havlin, the well- 
known theater owner 
and lessee. After 
two years of very 
successful work for 
Mr. Havlin, Mr. 
Hagan was admitted 
to partnership, and 
in 1887 lie came to 
St. Louis as lessee 
of thePo]3e'stlieater. 

Not long after his 
arrival he also be- 
came lessee of the 
old People's theater, 
which, remodeled "liver 

and rechristened as 

Havlin's, became at once a popular favorite, its 
hold on the people being maintained and in- 
creased by Mr. Hagan's public spirited manage- 
ment. Prior to securing the People's at St- 
Louis, and changing its name to Havlin's, Mr. 
Hagan had become lessee of Havlin's theater in 
Chicago, which he also managed with great 
success, and the Havlin-Hagan combination be- 
came known in the theatrical world for its liber- 
alit)' and its success. 

In December, 18!l(), ]\Ir. Hagan found his 
interests were too much divided, and he dis- 




posed of his stock and rights in all theaters con- 
trolled by him, with the exception of Pope's, 
which, under his management, had become, 
probably, the most popular family theater in 
St. Louis. The cozy, comfortable theater, on 
Ninth and ( )live, under Mr. Hagan's manage- 
ment, has long since become the home of legiti- 
mate drama and popular farce comedy, while all 
the best melodramas on the road have had dates 
at it for the last two or three years. As a result 
of the careful and consistent management, the 
theater has been do- 
ing remarkably good 
business, its mati- 
nees having become 
exceptionally popu- 
lar with all classes. 
Being convinced 
that there was an 
opening in St. Louis 
for another first-class 
theater, Mr. Hagan 
proceeded, early in 
18i)l, to construct 
the Hagan Opera 
House, on the south- 
east corner of Tenth 
and Pine. The new 
( )pera House is ver\- 
handsomeh- deco- 
rated, and is prob- 
ably the best uphol- 
stered a n d most 
"■^^'^''*- comfortable home of 

the d r am a in the 
West. Its popularity, from the booking of its 
first date, was assured, and it at once took its 
place in the front rank as a high-class theater 
and opera house. 

Mr. Hagan is one of the best-known men, 
to-day, in both St. Louis and Cincinnati, and 
his popularity in the theatrical profession has 
long since become proverbial. He is a generous 
and kind friend to all who come in business con- 
tact with him, and in all matters of politics and 
religion he is liberal-minded in the extreme. 
He married, in the vear 187.S, :\Iiss Ellen 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



509 



Duiiham, of Cincinnati. Mis. Haj^an died in 
St. lyonis, May 4, 1890, leaving one daughter, 
AIi.ss Nellie, who is now attending school. In 
spring, 18!t2, he married Miss Cora Dunham. 

Whitakkr, Kdw.vrd.s, in addition to being a 
jirominent citizen of St. Louis, and a leader in 
some of the most important enterprises of mod- 
ern times, is also a broker of much more than 
local reputation. He is the senior partner of 
the firm of Whitaker & Hodgman, and is presi- 
dent of the Ivindell Railway Company, a corpo- 
ration whose faith in the city of St. Louis, and 
the magnificent future before it, has been so 
signally proved by the continued extension of 
their tracks, which, to-day, are covering almost 
the entire city with every prospect of most use- 
ful county extensions. In another portion of this 
work the great importance of St. Louis inde- 
pendent terminals and tracks of the Chicago, 
liurlington & Ouincy Railroad in the northern 
ptntion of the city has been enlarged upon. 
Mr. Whitaker acted as agent for the railroad 
company in the purchase of this terminal prop- 
erty, and the confidence bestowed in him was 
well merited. He is also at the present time a 
director in the Boatman's Bank, the St. Louis 
Trust Company, the Bell Telephone Company, 
the Missouri Electric Light Company, and has 
had, at various times, large interests in the 
Piellefontaine Railroad Company. 

Mr. Whitaker's connection with St. Louis 
has been lengthy and exceedingly profitable 
Iwth to himself and the city. General Albert 
G. Edwards, while Assistant United States Sub- 
Treasurer in St. Louis, gave a partnership to 
Mr. Leonard Matthews and formed the firm of 
Edwards & Matthews, with an ofhce o\er the 
Commercial Bank on Olive street, east of Third. 
Mr. Edwards Whitaker was chief clerk to Gen- 
eral Edwards, and in 1872 he resigned his posi- 
tion in the treasury oilice and joined the firm of 
lulwards, Matthews & Company, which removed 
to larger offices and extended the scope of their 
operations, taking in, for the first time, bank 
brokerage and exchange work. 

Two years later General Edwards retired from 



the firm, and the name was changed to Mat- 
thews & Whitaker. A large business was done 
l)articularly in organized securities, and it be- 
came necessary to secure more commodious 
quarters at 121 North Third street, where, for 
fourteen years, the business was conducted 
under the active management of both partners. 
City and State bonds were handled in large 
Ijlocks, and finally the present office on the cor- 
ner of Olive and Fourth streets was secured. 
Soon after this Mr. Matthews, who had acquired 
a large private fortune, retired from active work, 
and Mr. Charles B. Hodgman, who had for sev- 
eral years been confidential clerk, became a 
partner in the house, which has continued to 
increase its reputation and business steadih- 
ever since. 

Mr. Edwards Whitaker is a typical business 
man, generous to a fault, and exceedingly pop- 
ular among leading members of the financial 
and commercial world. 

Handlan, Alkxander Hamilton, Jr., one 
of the memljers of the firm of M. M. I5uck il\: 
Comi^any, and vice-president of the Citizen's 
Bank, is a Virginian by birth, but he has re- 
sided in St. Louis for more than a quarter of a 
century, and is now prominently identified with 
its leading industries and its most important 
financial and commercial interests. The firm of 
which Mr. Handlan is a member ranks among 
the very first in the country, and during the last 
twenty years Mr. Handlan has divided with the 
president the responsibility of managing the im- 
mense interests connected with it. During Mr. 
Buck's absence from the city, Mr. Handlan is 
in absolute control of its management, and he 
pioves himself to be thoroughly qualified for the 
important work thus entrusted to his care. 

Mr. Handlan was born in Wheeling, \'irginia, 
April 25, 1844, and is thus about fifty jears of 
age. Wheeling is described as in Virginia, be- 
cause Mr. Handlan has ne\er taken kindly to 
the division of the State, and he maintains 
\igorously his right to be munbered among the 
natives of the ( )ld Dominion. His father, after 
whom he was named, was a well-known river 



510 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOL'IS. 



mail a quarter and a half a century ago, and was 
highly respected by pilots and captains in the 
old days, when river trade was of paramount 
importance. Captain Handlan was for several 
years partner and pilot of the "Wing and 
Wing," a steamer which worked between Cin- 
cinnati and New Orleans and did a large and 
very profitable traffic. 

Mr. Handlan, Sr., died December 2d of last 
year, at the age of eighty-three, retaining the 
possession of his faculties to the last, and de- 
lighting to tell anec- 
dotes of his early ad- 
ventures and experi- 
ences. Mrs. Handlan 
was formerly Miss 
Katherine Kineon. 

Young Mr. Hand- 
lan received an edu- 
cation at Herrons 
Seminary, Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, where he 
graduated in 1<S()1. 
His parents having 
removed to Cincin- 
nati when he was 
about six years of 
age, his early life 
was principally 
spent in what was 
then one of the most 
important cities west 
of the Atlantic 
States. He spent a 
considerable period 

during the war in Nashville, Tennessee, where 
he was attached to the quartermaster's depart- 
ment in the Union army of that city. Leaving 
Nashville for Memphis, he became connected 
with the wholesale and retail hat and shoe busi- 
ness of his uncle, Mr. J. D. Handlan, for whom 
he kept the books. He was next interested in 
planting and merchandi.se, in Granville, Missis- 
sippi, where he made considerable progress 
towards prosperity. 

In 18(;.S he was convinced that St. Louis 
offered him far greater facilities for work and 




ALEXANDER H, HANDLAN 



advancement, and he accordingly came here and 
was given a position in the railroad supply house 
of Mr. I\L AL Buck. His sterling worth was 
promptly appreciated by the house, and after 
six years he became a partner and, as mentioned 
above, has since shared with Mr. Buck the great 
responsibilities attached to a concern of such 
magnitude. 

In other matters Mr. Handlan has shown his 
faith in St. Louis and his general business fore- 
sight. vSome six years ago he became vice- 
president of the Citi- 
zen's Bank, on the 
occasion of the re- 
organization of that 
financial institution. 
Since that time the 
bank has increased 
its business rapidly, 
and now stands well 
to the fr(.)Ut among 
the I^anks of the 
West. MorerecentK- 
Mr. H and Ian be- 
came connected with 
the new Planters' 
Hotel project, and he 
owns a large interest 
in that enterprise. 
He has been a uieui- 
ber of the :\Iav(iuellt-- 
Club for some )-ears, 
and has been its pres- 
ident twice. He is 
also a member of the 
Mercantile, Noon-Day and Jockey clubs, and 
the Agricultural and Mechanical Association. 

On September 11, l.S(i8, Mr. Handlan mar- 
ried Miss Marie DePrez, daughter of a French 
gentleman who had left his home in search of a 
free country, in consequence of political perse- 
cution, and who had located in Nashville. ]\lr. 
and Mrs. Handlan have seven children. 

The family resides in a handsome residence 
on Olive street, just west of Grand avenue, and 
is looked upon with much respect in social 
circles. 



BlOGRAPHfCA/. APPENDIX. 



511 



MooNEv, Fletcher D., M.D., was bom in 
(ireeue county, Southwestern Missouri, Novem- 
ber, l.s,")(;. His father was David Mooney, his 
niotlier, Mary Sims. 

Dr. Mooney acquired his early education in 
the common schools of his birlliphice, i)repar- 
atorv to entering Drury College, of C'.reene 
countv, Missouri; here he acquired a thorough 
knowledge of such matters as would best fit 
him for a professional career in life. \i an 
earh- age he manifested a studious disposition, 
and after leaving col- 
lege, in 1.S7S, came 
to vSt. Louis to take 
u[) the study of med- 
icine. He matricu- 
lated in the Missouri 
Medical College, ap- 
plied himself dili- 
gently to his course, 
graduated and re- 
cei\ed the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine. 
The Doctor now 
found himself in a 
large city, with an 
admirable profession 
but without means 
or the helpful influ- 
e n e e of f r i e n d s 
around him, )ct so 
great was his ambi- 
tion to rise in his 
chosen profession p„^ 

and rank among the 

eminent physicians of the city, that lie worked 
unceasingly and with an inflexible pur])ose; 
slowly yet surely did he begin to gain the confi- 
dence and esteem of the people, and gather about 
him a circle of friends and an encouraging cli- 
entel. The Doctor later identified himself with 
the Health Department of the city, and for four 
\ears was physician to the Insane As\duni. 
He has been connected with the ■Missouri Med- 
ical College in various capacities, as assistant 
demon.strator of anatomy, assistant i)rofe.ssor to 
the clinic for diseases of women, and at present 




holds the chair of clinical jirofessor of disea.ses 
of women. 

The Doctor has been connected and .still is 
identified with St. John's Ho.spital as gynaecol- 
ogist. He is con.sulting physician to the Fe- 
male Hospital; is a member of the St. Louis 
Medical Society, Missouri State Medical and 
.\merican Medical Associations. 

The Doctor is a i)urely self-made man, and 
while he has already done much to benefit hu- 
manity, he will >et accomplish great results. 

P.\LIVIER, DON.\LD 
.M.VcNeil, was born 
in the State of Con- 
necticut, on Novem- 
ber 7, 184:). 

When only sixteen 
\earsold he left home 
and went to New 
York, where he se- 
curedemployment in 
a wholesale dry 
goods store. He re- 
mained two \ears, 
but young and am- 
bitious as he was, 
the houses and walls 
of the city seemed to 
confine his efforts, 
and when he left the 
employ of the dry 
goods house, it was 
to strike out for the 
[j^gy boundless West. In 

the fall of ISlio he 
reached ^^lissouri, antl located in the pine 
woods of Washington count>', wdiere, until 
the following spring, he gratified his taste 
for the wild life of a hnnter. In the spring 
of l'SiI4 he went into the business of man- 
ufacturing turpentine and rosin, and had 
fairly established his industry when General 
Price came through Missouri on his last raid. 
Mr. Palmer was captured at the battle of Potosi, 
and after being kept a prisoner a few da\s was 
conscripted into the Confederate service, .\bont 
a month later he watched his opportunit}- and 



512 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



escaped at the battle of the Bhie, near Kansas 
City, and after considerable hardship made his 
way back to St. Louis. 

As his turpentine interests had suffered dur- 
ing his absence, he decided to return to New- 
York, and did so. There he remained until 
the war was over and then returned to Missouri , 
locating at Glasgow, in Howard county, but 
only remained there until the fall of 186(5, when, 
again seized with the western fever, he deter- 
mined to seek his fortune as a miner among the 
Rockies. There were no railroads in that day, 
and there was considerable hardship connected 
with a journey overland across the plains, but 
after traveling sixteen days and nights, Austin, 
Nevada, was reached, and that being his object- 
ive point, he began a career as a miner, which 
lasted through the next seventeen years, during 
which time he served in almost every capacity, 
from miner to manager, and lived in most of 
the mining districts of the United States and 
Mexico. 

But it is as manager of the St. L,ouis Union 
Stock Yards that Mr. Palmer has scored his 
greatest success in life. In 1<S8;3 he was offered the 
superintendency of the yards, and came on from 
the West, and in the summer of that year as- 
sumed charge. He proved the right man for 
the right place from the beginning. His west- 
ern life and training fitted him in an eminent de- 
gree for dealing with the western stock grower 
and shipper on the one side, and his experience 
in cities adajited him for business dealings 
with butchers, packers, etc., and he has there- 
fore greatly extended the trade of the yards in 
both directions. He has made the yards one of 
the best markets in the country for the sale of 
cattle for stockers and feeders, and has recently 
added a horse and mule department, $oO,()0() 
having been expended for improvements to 
accommodate that line of trade. The yards are 
models of their kind, and under Mr. Palmer's 
administration they have been brought to a 
capacity to handle daily ;'),()()() cattle, .5, ()()() 
sheep, 15,000 hogs, and 1,000 horses and 
mules. He is one of the most active and ener- 
getic factors of the live stock trade in the West, 



and has contributed very largely toward keep- 
ing St. Louis to the front among the leading 
live stock and meat distributing centers of the 
world. 

Mr. Palmer is a hard worker, and can be 
found at his desk daily at the stock yards. It 
is a characteristic of his to always carry for- 
ward any work he has to do with all the zeal 
and energy he can summon to his aid, and in 
his work as superintendent he is actuated by 
a genuine and deep desire to promote the suc- 
cess of the great corporation over whose inter- 
ests he presides. He was one of the promoters, 
and in his office was organized the St. Louis 
Butchers' Union, from which sprang the Butch- 
ers' National Protective Association. 

Reis, Hknry Ferdinand, the prominent 
South End lumberman, is a native of Minnesota. 
He was born in the town of Shakopee, on February 
21, 1860. His father's given name was Valen- 
tine, and his mother's maiden name was Josephine 
Apfeld. Henry received the benefit of the schools 
in his native town until he was thirteen years 
old, when his parents left Minnesota and settled 
at Belleville, Illinois, at the grammar school in 
which town he continued his studies until he 
graduated. When eighteen years old com- 
menced to learn the carpenter's trade. 

His father, after coming to Belleville, had 
erected a planing mill, of which the son took 
charge after mastering a knowledge of carpenter 
work and architecture. Three years after he 
entered the mill he resigned the position, and 
in 1887 went to Los Angeles, California, where 
he began the business of contracting and build- 
ing. Southern California was then at the height 
of her boom, and he was very prosperous from 
the start, but after a year he began to feel a long- 
ing to again see familiar home-faces and scenes, 
and this prompted him to return to St. Louis. 

On January 1, 188;i, he bought the Caronde- 
let Lumber Yard of Fedal Ganahl, and since 
then has devoted his whole attention to increas- 
ing the business of the establishment, at which 
he has met with a most flattering degree of suc- 
cess, several years' business showing an increase 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



over tlie jirevious year of fifty per cent. He is 
tlie owner also of the Carondelet Planing Mill, 
which is attached to the Inmber yard. 

On the 25th day of September, 1893, Mr. Reis 
was married to Miss Emily E. Ganahl, of Los 
Angeles, California. The lady is a niece of John 
J. Ganahl, the prominent Inmberman of this 
city. The conple have two children, named, re- 
spectively, Ferdinand E. \'. and Edith Petronila. 

Shaplkigh, Alfred L., is a member of the 
well-known firm now 
incorporated as the 
A. F. Shapleigh 
Hardware Company, 
which has been in 
operation for half a 
centnry, nnder vary- 
ing styles and titles. 
Mr. Alfred L. Shap- 
leigh is the youngest 
of the six sons of 
Mr. Angnstus F. 
Shapleigh, w h o 
worked his way up 
from small begin- 
nings, and finally 
became a clerk in tlie 
leading h a rd w a re 
firm of Philadelphia, 
in which afterward 
he assumed an inter- 
est. Fifty-one years 
ago this house, nnder 
the style of Rogers, 
vShapleigh 8: Company, opened a branch in St. 
Louis, and of the western house Mr. Shapleigh 
took charge. He finally purchased the interest 
of his partners, and now has been for several 
years the head of the firm. In 1834 he married 
Miss Elizabeth Ann Umstead, of Philadelphia, 
and Mr. A. L. Shapleigh is one of the promi- 
nent men who are sons of the estimable conple. 

?klr. .\Ifred L. Shapleigh is about thirt\-two 
\ears of age, having been born in St. Louis on 
February lt>, ISd^. He was educated at Wash- 
ington University, going through every course 
33 




ALFRED L. SHAPLEIGH. 



in that great school of learning, and graduating 
with distinction in the year 1880. His passage 
through the regular academy, and two years' 
special course of study at college, gave him a 
splendid university education, and he supple- 
mented this by fifteen months' clerkship in the 
Merchants' National Bank, thus acquiring an 
insight into finance and book-keeping difficult 
to obtain outside the doors of a National Bank. 
For about a year, he was connected with the 
Hanley & Kinsella Company, and then accepted 
the cashiership o f 
the Mound City 
Paint and Color Com- 
pany. In Jul), l.SHU 
he accepted the sec- 
retaryship of the 
A. F. vS h ap 1 e i gh 
Hardware Company, 
a position he still oc- 
cupies with marked 
ability. 

Although his sec- 
retarial duties take 
up a large amount of 
time, Mr. Shapleigh 
is also a public man 
in e\ery sense of the 
term. He is a di- 
rector of the bank in 
which he was for- 
merly a clerk. He is 
also a director in the 
Union Trust Com- 
jxiny, and vice-pres- 
ident of the Imjjerial Building Company, to 
which St. Louis is indebted for the magnificent 
Union Trust Building. He is also vice-presi- 
dent of the American Credit and Indemnity Com- 
pany of New York City. As director of the 
Mercantile Club, Mr. Shapleigh has been called 
upon to work in a variety of ways for the bet- 
terment of that colossal commercial men's club. 
He has also done excellent work as director of 
the Mercantile Library, and as president of the 
Ciiunlry Club. l'"<ir three years he was adjutant, 
and for three years captain, of Company D 



514 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



of the First Regiment of the Missouri National 
Guards. 

Few men of Mr. vShapleigh's age are so well- 
iuformed. In addition to his careful study at 
home, he has traveled extensively all over Amer- 
ica, and has also enjoyed the advantages of an 
extensive European tour. On November 21, 
1888, he married Miss Mina E. Wessel, of Cin- 
cinnati. One child has resulted from the union. 

Hills, William G.— The life of William G. 
Hills, the tobacco manufacturer, has been full 
of activity and stirring events. His military 
career during the late war was pregnant with 
changing occurrences and constant dangers dur- 
ing three \-ears of service on the Union side, 
and he went through an hundred important en- 
gagements. He was twenty years old when he 
enlisted in the Ninth New York Cavalry, Co. E., 
at Westfield, N. Y., and reached W'ashington 
in November, 1861. His regiment helped de- 
fend that city until after the second Manassas, 
when it was ordered into the Peninsular, and 
ser\ed in ^IcClelland's campaign against Rich- 
mond. In 18(32, the regiment joined the Army 
of Virginia, and went through all the hard- fought 
engagements of that year. After arduous de- 
tached duty as courier on Gen. Geary's staff in 
the Chancellorsville campaign, he joined his 
regiment, and with them participated in all the 
great events against Lee in Maryland and Penn- 
sylvania. It was the Ninth Cavalry that fired 
the first gun, took the first prisoner, and lost 
the first man on the Federal side at Gettysburg. 
As Lee was forced back toward Richmond, and 
during Grant's Wilderness campaign in 18(;4:, 
the Ninth was at the front in almost daily fight- 
ing. Young Hills participated in all the en- 
gagements under Sheridan in the Shenandoah 
campaign, and was one of the fifty men selected 
from his regiment to go with Gen. Kilpatrick 
on his perilous raid on Libby Prison in Febru- 
ary, 18(54. At the end of his three years, or 
October 27, 18(54, he was mustered out. This 
is a rough outline of his military career; his 
civil career since the war has been scarcely less 
active and eventful. 



He was born in Cattaraugus county, New 
York, June 2(5, 1841. His parents, Calvin and 
Mary (Watkins) Hills, were among the early 
pioneers of that section, having settled in that 
Western New York county as early as 1(531. 
W'illiam was the youngest of three sons, and 
spent his youth on his father's farm, attending 
the district school, and after he was ten years 
old helping with the farm work. It was hard 
work, this subjugation of forest and earth, and 
it taught him frugality and gave him strength, 
health and character. This industrious and sim- 
ple life, in conditions similar to which nearly 
every man who has proved his right to survive 
has laid the foundation of his success, continued 
up to the time he entered the army. After he 
had been honorably discharged from service, 
he returned to his home, and went to work on 
the farm assisting his father, who was then an 
old man, but lived until 1889, dying at the age 
of 91, nevertheless. But to the virile and en- 
ergetic boy, who, in the war, had a taste of ac- 
tion, the quiet home-place was too narrow, and 
he determined to seek a wider field in the 
West. 

He reached St. Louis in March, 1><()(5, and 
at once accepted a position as shipping clerk 
in the wholesale grocery of Perley, Hills & 
Company, his brother being one of the firm. In 
18(58 he is found at Kansas City, engaged in 
business as a manufacturers' agent, but returned 
to St. Louis in 187(J, and became the superintend- 
ent of Rumsey & Company's pipe and lead works. 
January 1, 1892, he accepted a position with 
D. Catlin, afterward The Catlin Tobacco Com- 
pany, as traveling salesman, covering all territory 
west of the Mississippi river. In 1882, he left 
the Catlins, and entered into business for him- 
self, forming a partnersnip with Max Fritz, 
manufacturing tobacco, under the firm name of 
Hills & Fritz. Through purchase in 1889, Mr. 
Hills became sole proprietor of the business, 
which has grown in volume, and brought an 
increase of profit year by year since the begin- 
ning. 

Mr. Hills was married on February 25, 1884, 
to Miss Mattie J. Miller, of Kankakee, Illinois. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



515 



iliK.MKXz, Hi':\RV, Jr., is entitled to a high 
position in the list of successful real estate oper- 
ators and agents in St. Louis. He has been con- 
nected with the local realty business for about 
twenty-one years, and during that time he has 
injected an immense amount of vim and energy 
into the work. He has been exceptionally suc- 
cessful with auction sales, and has brought into 
the market an immense quantity of i)ropert\- 
which had not pre\-iously been looked upon as 
available in any way for residence purposes. 

Among his most 
successful operations 
may be mentioned, 
subdividing and 
placing upon t h e 
market of ]\IcRee 
Place, Tower throve 
Place, Cherokee 
Place, ]\Iinnesota 
Place, Gravois Place 
andArsenal Heights. 
It will lie obser\-ed 
that most of these 
subdivisions are lo- 
cated in the south- 
western sectiou o f 
St. Louis to which 
Mr. Hiemenz has 
gi\eii his most care- 
ful atteulion. 

It is largely the 
result of his indefat- 
igable efforts that 
due recognition has 

been given at last to the \alue of propcrtx' south 
of Mill Creek \'alley, and some slight distance 
from tlie river. For many years the march of 
improvements, and of values was limited to the 
extreme West P^ud. Mr. Hiemenz was one of 
the first to recognize that there were many acres 
of desirable property to be obtained in the south- 
west wards at very low prices. Taking his 
clients into his confidence, and convincing them 
of the logic of his argument, he prevailed upon 
several of these to invest heavily in conjunction 
with himself. That he merely anticipated pub- 




lic opinion by a few years has been proved by 
the rapid increase in values, and the large re- 
turns from the investments referred to. 

Mr. Hiemenz was born at Millersburg, Iowa, 
August 21 , 1855. His father's name was Henry, 
and his mother, prior to her marriage, was Miss 
Barbetta Bender. When nine years of age, 
young Hiemenz came to St. Louis, and went 
through a full course of study at the Christian 
Brothers' College. At a very early age he em- 
barked in the real estate business at 421 Chest- 
nut street, subse- 
quently moving to 
No. 614 on the same 
thoroughfare, where 
he is now located. 
He almost innnedi- 
ately sprang into the 
front rank of enter- 
j)rising real estate 
men, and, although 
it was not until ten 
years after his initia- 
tion into the ranks 
of the profession 
that the marked re- 
\i\al in St. Louis 
real estate took 
place, Mr. Hiemenz 
was one of the eight 
or ten active workers 
who did so much to 
bring it about. 

Mr. Hiemenz is 
now in the prime of 
ti\e and useful career before 
him. He stands well with the business and 
professional men of the city, and is an active 
member of the Mercantile Club. He is Re- 
publican in politics, but is liberal minded in his 
views. He married in lS7(i ]\Iiss Ottilie Stephen 
of this city. 

Cole, Amedee B., is a member of the Cole 
Commission Company, one of the largest houses 
of its kind in the West. His father, Mr. Nathan 
C, is too well known to need anv introduction 



516 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



to the readers of this work, and the subject of 
this sketch inherits from his father many of his 
most striking characteristics and virtues. 

Young Mr. Cole was born in this city Sep- 
tember 21, 1855. He was educated at Wash- 
ington University, and at quite an early age 
entered the commission house of Cole Brothers, 
of which his father was partner. In 1891 the 
firm was incorporated as the Cole Commission 
Company, and Mr. Amedee became its \ice- 
president. He takes an active part in the man- 
agement of the concern, and is looked up to as 
a rising man, and a well informed and talented 
member of the business fraternity. He is a 
member of the Mercantile Club and a pro- 
nounced Republican in politics. His connec- 
tion with the Merchants' Exchange has been 
length)- and pleasant, and he has been fre- 
quently spoken of by his associates as a man 
in whom absolute confidence could be placed 
in any office placed at his disposal. In com- 
mercial circles generall}', Mr. Cole is looked 
up to with much respect, and his name fre- 
quently appears in enterprises of importance. 

lu IS79 Mr. Cole married Miss Annie Jackson, 
daughter of John Jackson, of St. Louis. Mr. 
Jackson was for several years president of the 
St. Louis Elevator Company, and a very 
wealthy citizen. Five children resulted from 
the union: Annie, John Jackson, Cliester Ernest, 
Reba and Marjory. 

Ad.\ms, John Willard, although an Ohioan 
by birth, is a Kentuckian b}- descent, his father, 
Mr. Alonza .\. Adams, being a native of Lexing- 
ton, Kentucky. His mother was, prior to her 
marriage. Miss Katherine Sevringhaus. Both, 
Mr. and Mrs. Adams, Senior, are still living. 

Mr. J. \V. Adams was born in Cincinnati, 
November 12, l.S()(i, and is hence not yet thirty 
years of age. His life has been so active, 
however, that he is as old and experienced 
as many men born ten or twenty years 
sooner than he, and he has developed marked 
abilities as a draughtsman and architect. 
He was educated in the public schools of 
Cincinnati, and this was followed up by 



three years' instruction from a private tutor. 

From boyhood Mr. Adams displayed a marked 
taste for drawing and designing, and he thought 
out many unique ideas in architecture before 
his ordinary course of study was completed. 
His parents wisely allowed him to follow the 
bent of his own inclinations, and selecting ar- 
chitecture as his profession, he entered the office 
of Crapsey & Brown, of Cincinnati, where he 
studied architecture for four years. He next ac- 
cepted a very favorable offer from the Santa Fe 
Railway Company, and for two years was head 
draughtsman in the architect's office at Topeka, 
Kansas. Promoted to the important position 
of superintendent of buildings on the Santa Fe 
Road between Chicago and Kansas City, he 
served in that capacity for a year, giving great 
satisfaction to his employers. Returning to 
Topeka he became assistant architect with 
J. W. Perkins of the Santa Fe for two years. 

In I'SiH Mr. Adams was attracted to St. Louis 
b)- the acti\'ity in the building operations in 
this city. He served in the office of Mr. Theo- 
dore C. Link, as chief assistant architect, and 
it was while he was working in this capacity 
that the magnificent new Union Station was 
designed. He resigned his position in Mr. 
Link's office to accept a partnership in the firm 
of Adams & Chandler, and entered into the 
general contracting business. This firm is quite 
a young one, but it has already executed a large 
number of contracts in a highly satisfactory 
manner, and has built a large number of sub- 
stantial and handsome houses. It also con- 
structed twenty-eight miles of the K. C, Ark. 
& N. O. Railroad, in Arkansas. 

The work, however, which will make the 
firm of which Mr. Adams is a member famous 
in vSt. Louis, was done on the new Union Sta- 
tion. Adams & Chandler took the contract for 
the depot, and furnished all the material, as 
well as executing all the building from the 
ground up, with the single exception of the sheds. 
The magnificent work on the depot, and the 
way in which it exceeds expectation in almost 
every detail, is the best evidence that could be 
forthcoming of Mr. Adams' ability. 



BIOGR.'iPH/CAL .iPPEND/X. 



511 



111 addition to his important oreneral contract- 
iiiw interests Mr. Adams has a large interest in 
one of the most extensive stone yards in Chicago. 
He is also a member of the Pastime Athletic 
Clnl), and a member of the Masonic fraternit\-. 

In .Vpril, bS.SSI, Mr. Adams married Miss 
Nellie Coleman, of Topeka, Kansas, and has 
two children, a hoy and a girl. 



Ivigland, 
Hampden 



Smith, Ford, is a native of N 
and was born March (>, 1S42, 
connty, Massachu- 
setts. Both father 
and mother were of 
excellent stock and 
descended from old 
and respected fami- 
lies. The father, 
John Ford Smith, 
was a native of the 
s a me c o u n t y in 
which his son was 
b o r n, w h i 1 e his 
m o t h c r, w h o s e 
maiden name was 
Espercia Caroline 
Seward, was born at 
Albany, New York. 
His common school 
edncation was ob- 
tained in the public 
schools of his native 
county, where he 
continued up to the ^^y^^^, 

time of his com- 
ing west in search of both fame and fortune. 

Any regular plans he may have had after 
reaching his destination were interrupted by 
the war. He enlisted from Illinois in the 
b'ifty-ninth Illinois Infantry Volunteers, of 
which he became sergeant-major. At the bat- 
tle of Pea Ridge he w^as severely wounded and 
incapacitated from further service. When 
partly recovered he returned to his home in 
Massachusetts, and while there resolved on com- 
pleting his education. He entered Williams 
College, subsequently took the necessary courses 




at Harvard Law vSchool, and returning to the 
West located in vSl. Ltniis in l.sdll. He was 
admitted to the bar in the same year by Judge 
Rombauer, and has been actively engaged in 
legal practice ever since. 

Mr. Smith has been most successful in his 
profession, and has laid up considerable of this 
world's goods against the coming of old age. 
He has attained a reputation as an able lawyer 
and elocjueut advocate that extends beyond the 
confines of his State, and has been engaged as 
counsel in a great 
number of cases that 
have attracted uni- 
versal attention. As 
a counselor he is 
noted for the tenac- 
ity and determina- 
tion with which he 
fights legal battles, 
and his antagonists 
know that he never 
gives up a case until 
e\ery expedient, 
legal and otherwise, 
is exhausted. 

While he has in 
no sense neglected 
liis extensive prac- 
tice, he has devoted 
much attention to 
political matters, is 
an ardent Repub- 
^j, , „ 1 i can , and is rated one 

of the influential 
leaders of his party in this part of the State. 
Municipal political affairs he has at his fingers' 
end, and he has been a power in almost every 
political contest that has taken place in the city 
in recent years. Notwithstanding his extended 
influence, he has always asked office for others, 
not himself. Part\- fealty has been with him 
an article of political faith, and he has there- 
fore been always a supporter of the regular 
organization and the regular nominees. The 
only offices he has ever accepted were held to 
the end that, not himself, but his party should 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



be served. He has acted as a member of the 
State Republican Central Committee; for a 
number of years he was secretary of the City 
Republican Committee, and did faithful service 
while a member of the Eighth District Congres- 
sional Committee. 

Mr. Smith is domestic in his inclinations, and 
has an interesting family, consisting of a wife 
and two children. The former before marriage 
was Miss Carrie Lathrop, also a native of Mass- 
achusetts, to whom he was married June 11, 
1874. Both children are girls, named Caroline 
and Irene. 

Moore, Wm. Grant, M.D., son of Wm. 
(kant and Sara B. (McConnell) Moore, was 
born in Fayette county, Kentucky, February 
Ki, l.s.');>. His father was a descendant in a 
direct line of Daniel Boone, and his mother be- 
longed to a well-known family of Scotch-Irish 
law}-ers. His early education was received in 
the common schools of Fayette, Kentucky, 
whence he went to the State University at 
Lexington, studying there for a time, and sub- 
sequently took a collegiate course at the Wash- 
ington-Lee University at Lexington. He then 
attended the medical department of the Louis- 
ville University for one session, and went from 
there to the Jefferson Medical College, at Phila- 
delphia, where he graduated in 1875, receiving 
his degree of Doctor of Medicine. 

In 1876 Dr. Moore came to St. Louis and at 
once commenced a general practice. Although 
only twenty-three years of age and compara- 
tively unknown, yet, inspired with ambition 
and controlled by a determination to rise in his 
chosen profession, he worked hard and continu- 
ously until by degrees he began to develop to 
his friends and brother practitioners his ability 
to handle most skillfully all cases in his charge, 
and thus merited the esteem and confidence of 
all who knew him. 

In 1879 he was appointed to the chair of pro- 
fessor of histology, materia medica and thera- 
peutics in the College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons. He was foremost among the physicians 
who, in the year 1887, organized the Beaumont 



College, in which institution he received the 
chair of clinical medicine. In the following 
vear he held the chair of professor of principles 
and practice of medicine and clinical medicine, 
which position he now fills. Though the Doc- 
tor has no particular specialty, yet he is giving 
his attention to, and may soon adopt as his spe- 
cialty, the diseases of the chest and lungs. 

Dr. Moore is associated with a number of 
societies, among which may be mentioned the 
St. Louis Medical Society, the Medico-Chirur- 
gical Society, the American Medical Association 
and the Delta Psi, a secret association in con- 
nection with the Washington-Lee University. 
He is also medical examiner of the Royal Arca- 
num and Legion of Honor; referee of the Amer- 
ican Life Insurance Company, of Vermont, Vir- 
ginia; clinical lecturer of the St. Louis City 
Hospital, and on the staff of the St. Louis Prot- 
estant Hospital. He is also a contributor to 
several medical journals, and is a very talented 
and logical writer. 

In March, 1.S79, Dr. Moore married Miss 
Etolia T. North, daughter of one of the oldest 
merchants of St. Louis. He has two bright 
boys and one attractive daughter. Miss Jessie 
A., who is attending school. 

^IcDoN.\LD, M.A.RSHALL Franklix, was boru 
.March 1-t, 1854, near Council Bluffs, Iowa, on 
his father's old homestead. His parents were 
Milton and Adelpha (Wood) McDonald. Like 
most farmers' sons, he worked on the farm dur- 
ing the spring, summer and fall, and attended 
the district school during the winter. At the 
age of sixteen he entered a drug store as clerk, 
and remained in that business until 1875. In 
187;'), during the time of his employment as a 
drug clerk, he graduated from a college of phar- 
macv in Chicago. He then began the study of 
medicine and surgery, applying himself more 
particularly to the study of surgery, attending 
one course of lectures under Professor Boyd, of 
Chicago. It was thus that he became possessed 
of that thorough knowledge of chemistry, ther- 
apeutics and surgery that has enabled him so 
often to startle the medical and surgical profes- 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



519 



sion l)y liis familiarity with those subjects in the 
trial of important law cases involvino; expert 
medical and surgical testimony. 

In 187(j, when the excitement incident to the 
discovery of gold in the Black Hills was at its 
height, Mr. McDonald concluded to try his 
fortune there, and returning to his old home 
in Council Bluffs, he scraped together all his 
worldly effects and fitted out a four-mule team, 
and together with three companions drove over- 
land to Sidnev, Nebraska, and from there to the 



Black Hills 
he engaged 



.-here 



Wliilc working in 
the mines, Mr Mc- 
Donald contracted a 
severe case of mount- 
ain fever, and during 
the long and severe 
illness that followed 
his mining interests 
were necessarily 
neglected, and he 
finally found him- 
self left without a 
dollar. 

Unable to secure 
proper care or med- 
ical attendanceinthe 
mining camp, he 
prevailed upon some 
freighters to haul 
him out of the hills, 
and he was accord- 

ingl)- placed in a trail wagon and conveyed to 
Cheyenne, a distance of three hundred miles. 
Having partially recovered from his illness, he 
worked his way to Denver, Colorado, and from 
there walked to Deer Trail, a distance of fifty 
miles, and being entirely out of money and still 
weak from his long illness, he was unable to go 
farther. After remaining at Deer Trail for two 
or three weeks, during which time he worked 
at odd jobs for his board, he engaged with a 
cattle shipper, which enabled him to work his 
passage from Deer Trail to St. Louis, and on 




MARSHALL l-RANKLIN McOONALD, 



November 2.S, 1.S77, he landed at the National 
vStock Yards, at East St. Louis, with a train 
load of cattle consigned to the firm of Irons iS: 
Cassidy. 

On the following day Mr. McDonald found 
himself in the great city of St. Louis without 
a nickel in his pocket and not even an ac- 
quaintance upon whom he could call for a meal. 
While strolling down what is now Broadway, he 
observed a load of coal on the sidewalk, in front 
of a small restaurant, and he immediately struck 
a bargain with the 
proprietor to shovel 
inthecoal, for which 
service he obtained 
the magnificent sum 
of twenty-five cents 
and the first square 
meal he had eaten 
for many a da}-. 
Having informed 
the proprietor of the 
restaurant of his 
misfortunes, the 
latter generously 
allowed Mr. Mc- 
Donald the pri\-ilege 
of working around 
the restaurant for his 
board, which posi- 
tion Mr. McDonald 
filled for six weeks, 
at the end of which 
time, through the 
kindness of IMeyer 
Brothers & Company, the wholesale druggists, he 
obtained a position as drug clerk with Mr.Beatty, 
who then kept a drug store on Tenth and Olive 
streets, which position he filled until 1880, 
when he was appointed clerk in the office of the 
circuit attorney by Joseph R. Harris, who had 
been elected to that office. Believing that Mr. 
McDonald possessed ability of a high order, 
Mr. Harris persuaded him to read law, and he 
was admitted to the bar in Lssi. During Mr. 
Harris' illness, Mr. McDonald conducted the 
business of that important office, and in LSS4 he 



520 



OLD AND XFAV ST. LOriS. 



was elected assistant circuit attorney on tlie 
Republican ticket for a term of four years. It 
was while holding this office that Mr. McDon- 
ald began to attract attention as a lawyer, and 
soon became known as a vigorous prosecutor. 
During his term of office some of the most cele- 
brated trials in the history of criminal cases 
were tried in St. Louis, in which he took the 
leading part, among which were the Preller- 
Maxwell, and the Chinese Highbinder murder 
cases, in which his matchless handling of the 
facts and his wonderful knowledge of the 
medico-legal questions involved attracted uni- 
versal attention among the bar throughout the 
West. 

Since retiring from office Mr. McDonald has 
still further added to his legal reputation by suc- 
cessfully conducting the defense in several im- 
portant criminal cases, the most recent being 
the celebrated Vail case, in which Mr. McDon- 
ald was pitted against four of the leading crim- 
inal lawyers of the West. 

His practice is not by an}- means confined to 
the criminal law. He is regularly employed by 
a large number of business firms and corpora- 
tions. He has a large and growing general 
practice, and has acquired in less than ten years 
a standing at the bar of the city and State that 
many lawyers have not been able to achieve in 
a life-time. 

Hough, Warwick, was born in Loudon 
county, Virginia, January 2(5, 183(5. In th.e 
autumn following, his parents, George W. and 
Mary C. (Shawen) Hough, moved to St. Louis 
county, Missouri, and thence, in 1838, to 
Jefferson City, where they resided until the be- 
ginning of the civil war in 18(51. His father, 
George W. Hough, was a man of high char- 
acter and of recognized ability and influence, 
and took an active and prominent part in the 
politics of Missouri from 1842 until the disrup- 
tion of the social conditions and industrial inter- 
ests of the State consequent upon the civil war, 
when he retired from active participation in 
public affairs. He continued to reside in Jef- 
ferson Citv until his death, in February, 1878. 



The subject of this sketch graduated from the 
State University of ^lissouri in 1801, and three 
years later the degree of Master of Arts was 
conferred upon him, and afterwards, in 1883, 
the degree of LL.D. In 1854 he was selected 
from the graduating class by W. W. Hudson, 
professor of mathematics in the university, to 
make barometrical observations and calculations 
for Professor George C. Swallow, the head of 
the Geological Survey of Missouri at that time. 
During the same year he was appointed assist- 
ant State geologist by Governor Sterling Price. 
His work in this field was eminently satisfac- 
tory, and the full details of it are to be found in 
the reports of B. F. Shumard and A. B. Meek, 
printed in the geological reports of the State. 

Early in 1857 he entered the law office of 
Judge E. L. Edwards, of Jefferson City, and for 
the next two years devoted his entire time to 
the stud\- of law, and was admitted to the bar 
ill January, IM.');!. 

At the meeting of the Twentieth General As- 
sembly he was elected secretary of the Senate, 
and served in that capacity during the winters 
of l«58-59, 1859-(50 and 18(50-61. In 18(50 he 
formed a law partnership with Hon. J. Proctor 
Knott, then attorney-general of the State, sub- 
sequently a member of Congress from Kentucky, 
and recently governor of that State. He was 
appointed adjutant-general by Governor Clai- 
borne F. Jackson, going south with governor 
Jackson and serving with him until the gov- 
ernor's death, when he was appointed secretary- 
of state by Governor Thomas C. Reynolds, who, 
as lieutenant-governor, succeeded Governor 
Jackson, which position he resigned in Decem- 
ber, 1863. In February, 1864, he was assigned 
to duty on the staff of Lieutenant-General Polk. 
After General Polk's death he served with Gen- 
eral Stephen D. Lee, and afterwards on the staff 
of General Dick Taylor, with whom he surren- 
dered in May, 1865. Unable to return to the 
practice of law in Missouri after the close of the 
war, on account of the proscriptive provisions 
of the Drake Constitution, he opened a law of- 
fice in Memphis, Tennessee, in 18(55, where lie 
resided until the abolition of test-oaths for 




>^ p. 



4^ 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



-.21 



attoriie\s in l.S(i7. In the fall of that \-ear he 
came back again to Missouri, locating in Kan- 
sas Cit}-, where he engaged in the practice 
of his profession nntil 1(S74, when he was 
reconniiended for the position of judge of the 
vSuprenie Court by the entire bar, without dis- 
tinction of party, of Jackson and adjacent 
counties. 

He received the nomination of the Democratic 
vState Convention for that office, and in Novem- 
l)er, 1<S74, was elected a judge of the Supreme 
Court of the State of Missouri for the period of 
ten years, from the first day of January, 1875. 
At the expiration of his term of service on the 
Supreme Bench, on January 1, LS.S;'), he removed 
from Jefferson City to the city of St. Louis, and 
that day entered into partnership, for the prac- 
tice of the law, with Messrs. John H. Overall 
and Frederick N. Judson, under the firm name 
of Hough, Overall &: Judson. This copartner- 
ship was dissolved by mutual consent on the 
first day of January, ISIM), Judge Hough contin- 
uing the practice, in cojiartnership with his 
son, Warwick M. Hough, uiuler the firm name 
of Hough & Hough. More recently Judge 
Hough has received the appointment of Receiver 
of the Souix City & Northern and Sioux City, 
O'Neill iS: Northern railroads, (the Pacific 
short line. ) 

While he has always been ardenth- devoted 
to his profession. Judge Hough has found time 
to gather a vast fund of knowledge and a wide 
range of infornuition on e\-ery ct)ncei\-able sub- 
ject. 

Even his scholastic studies did not end with 
his college days. As a result of this pains- 
taking study and research he is known as one 
of the best equipped and most scholarh- mem- 
bers of the legal profession in the West. 

Judge Hough is above the medium height, 
strongly and compactly built, easy and graceful 
in his deportment, combining that suavity and 
dignity that at once bespeaks the man of strong 
character and indi\idualit\-, while possessing 
that gentleness and kindliness of manner that 
so distinctively mark the courteous, well-bred 
gentleman. 



Judge Hough was married in May, 1.S(>1, to 
Miss Nina E. Massey, daughter of Hon. Benja- 
min F. Massey, of Springfield, Missouri, then 
secretar\- of state, and has five children. 

Force, Hou.ston T., son of Benjamin Ward 
and Julia (Harper) F'orce, was born in Charles- 
ton, South Carolina, in l.S;')2. Both his parents 
were thoroughgoing Americans, and their son 
was taught from infancy to appreciate at their 
true worth the privileges of true American citi- 
zenship. During the early days of South Caro- 
lina the Forces were prominent people, and for 
many years before the war between the States 
his father was a prominent and wealthy whole- 
sale merchant of Charleston. He received a 
common school education in Charleston, which 
was interrupted by the outbreak of the war. 
When the Federals bombarded Charleston, the 
Force family sought refuge in middle Georgia, 
the father and three elder brothers being in the 
Confederate service. At the age of fifteen 
young F'orce secured employment as a book- 
keeper in a New York manufactor)-. 

He remained in New York until 1870, when 
he returned to the South and clerked for his 
father in the wholesale shoe business at Atlanta, 
Georgia. After two years of this work, and 
when he was barely twenty years of age, he 
mo\ed to IMemphis, Tennessee, where he en- 
gaged in the hat jobbing business. The marked 
success which crowned his effort in this work 
prompted him to again seek employment in 
a metropolitan city, and he accordingly came 
to St. Louis in 1S77, and associated him- 
self with the firm of Watkins & Gilliland, 
wholesale hat dealers. His services proved to 
be extremely valuable, and the opening of the 
year 1882 found him a member of the firm, 
which was incorporated as the Kimbrough-Scott 
Hat Company. The company has remained in 
business ever since, though on the death of IMr. 
Kimbrough the style was changed to the Scott- 
Force Hat Company, with Mr. Force as presi- 
dent. The company now stands high in the 
hat trade, and does an enormous business in all 
parts of the West and vSouthwest. 



522 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Mr. Force is a self-made man and a genuine 
philanthropist, doing much good in a quiet, un- 
ostentatious manner. He was reared in the 
Presbyterian faith. He was married in 187(j to 
Miss Anna Lumpkin, daughter of Colonel John 
W. Lumpkin, of Tennessee, of the prominent 
Georgia family of that name, conspicuous in the 
literary and political history of the State of 
Georgia. 

Joy, Cn.\RLES Frederick, ranks among the 
most prominent lawyers in St. Louis, and he 
has also proved himself to be a legislator of 
marked ability and integrity. Mr. Joy is still 
quite a young man, and has before him a career, 
both on the bench and in Congress, which is a 
source of unlimited gratification to his countless 
friends. He is at the present time practicing his 
profession in St. Louis, on account of the action 
of a section of the Democratic members of 
the fifty-second Congress, who recently unseated 
him on a technicality. That he was fairly elected 
over his Democratic opponent in 1892 has never 
been questioned in St. Louis, or, indeed, in 
Washington, and his unseating was one of those 
political blunders which, to use the language of 
the great French emperor, are worse than 
crimes. 

When the news reached St. Louis that the 
wishes of the voters of the Ninth ^lissouri Dis- 
trict had been treated with contempt, and that 
the congressman of their choice had been turned 
down to make room for his defeated opponent, 
the greatest indignation was expressed, and at 
the time of this writing efforts are being made 
to compel Mr. Joy to accept a renomination and 
to allow the more honorable among his political 
opponents an opportunity to vote for him as a 
protest against an act they all denounce. 

The man who will represent the Eleventh 
District in the fifty-fourth Congress was born in 
Jacksonville, Illinois, December 11, 1849, his par- 
ents being Charles and Georgiana Eunice ( Ames ) 
Joy. His preliminary education was received 
in his native city, after which he entered Yale 
and graduated in the class of 1874. From Yale 
young Mr. Joy went to Shamokin, Pennsyl- 



vania, where, after studying law for a year, he 
was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar. He 
almost immediately came to St. Louis, where 
he was examined for the State courts by Judge 
Hamilton, and for the United States courts by 
Hon. John W. Xoble. Passing his examina- 
tions without difficulty, he entered into a part- 
nership with Mr. Joseph R. Harris, and prac- 
ticed with that gentleman until his election for 
the circuit attorneyship. 

Since then Mr. Joy has practiced alone, and 
has enjoyed a most lucrative and honorable 
practice. He is regarded as an expert in civil 
and corporation law, but has also distinguished 
himself in several criminal cases, notably in the 
defense of John A. Cockrell for the sensational 
killing of A. W. Slayback. 

In the fall of ISttO he was nominated for 
Congress for the Ninth District in spite of his 
protest. The demands of his law practice pre- 
vented him from conducting an active cam- 
paign, and he was not elected. Two years later 
he was renominated, but again was unable to 
make as vigorous a race as he desired, and he 
repeatedly requested to have his name removed 
from the ticket. His great personal popularity 
and Ills untarnished reputation resulted in his 
running several hundred votes above his ticket 
and in his election. His opponent, who had 
made the race of his life to hold his seat, con- 
tested the election, and although the result of 
the recount increased Mr. Joy's niajorit\- consid- 
erably, he was, as already stated, unseated to 
meet a political exigency and without regard 
to the merits of the contest. 

Mr. Joy married, in Salem, Connecticut, ^liss 
Arabel Ordway, daughter of the Rev. Jairus 
Ordway of that city. Mrs. Joy died in Decem- 
ber, 1880, leaving one child which has since 
died. 

N1CHOLL.S, Charles C, although not yet forty 
years of age, is one of the prominent real estate 
operators in the West, and St. Louis is greatly 
indebted to him for his persistent energy and 
the faith he has shown in the future ^owth 
both of the city and of its realtv values. He is a 



BIOCRA PHICA L APPENDIX. 



52S 



man of very decided convictions and of the 
strictest possible business probity. He is one 
of those men whose word is accepted on every 
occasion on every subject, and this unique rep- 
utation has brought into his hands transactions 
of an exceptionally large character. 

Mr. Nicholls was born in Camden, New Jer- 
sey, January 4, bS.");"). He combines Ijoth Old 
and New England blood, his father being a 
member of an English family, while his mother 
was a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
Young Nicholls re- 
ceived an excellent 
education in the pub- 
lic schools of Phil- 
adelphia, and al- 
though he left school 
at quite an early age 
he first passed 
through the Phila- 
delphia High School, 
and being exception- 
ally studious and 
well adapted to ac- 
quiring information, 
he was fully equip- 
ped for a profes- 
sional career when 
he commenced the 
battle of life. 

His first work was 
as a clerk in a music 
store, where he re- 
mained for five years . 
During that period 

he paid a visit to St. Louis, and although at 
that time the city had not commenced its second 
growth, he saw at once that its location was 
such that it was destined to grow from its then 
existing proportions to those of a great metro- 
politan city. He accordingly, iu September, 
lcS74, located here and secured a position in the 
very old-established firm of Beard & Brother, 
manufacturers of iron safes and cotton ties. I'\>r 
one year he acted as assi.stant book-keeper, dur- 
ing which time his sterling worth was so appar- 
ent that he was appointed general manager. 




CHARLES C. NICHOLLS 



Three years later he had about completed ar- 
rangements to go into business, when he was 
offered an interest in the firm if he would re- 
main in it. He accepted the proposition, and 
the Beard & Brother Safe and Lock Company was 
formed, Mr. Nicholls being made secretary of 
the company and receiving as reward for meri- 
torious service a large interest iu it. When Mr. 
Beard died the company was wound up, Mr. 
Nicholls acting as administrator and closing 
out the estate, which was valued at about a 
(juarter of a million. 
.Vbout eight years 
ago he opened up a 
real estate office at 
7-2<l Chestnut street, 
and in 1888 he se- 
cured a more favor- 
able location at 71;^ 
Chestnut street. In 
.Vpril, 1.S'.I2, Mr. E. 
P. \'. Ritter, who 
had just severed his 
connection with the 
Fa mo us Shoe and 
Clothing Company, 
purchased a half in- 
terest iu thebusiness, 
a n d the Nicholls- 
Rilter Realty and 
l-'inancial Compau\- 
was formed. 

P>oth while he was 
iu business alone 
and since the forma- 
tion of the last named company very extensive 
operations have been successfully carried out. 
Forest Park Place, north of Forest Park, was 
laid out and a very handsome profit realized on 
the transaction. The Bonhomme Heights tract 
is also managed by this company, and also the 
Chouteau Place tract. Other very large trans- 
actions are either in course of progress or just 
completed, and at this time the firm stands in 
the front rank of leading real estate operators 
in St. I^ouis. 

In 1881 Mr. Nicholls married :\Iiss Julia C. 



524 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Chamberlain, of this city. iMr. and Mrs. Nich- 
olls have two children. 

The family are regular attendants at the 
Grand Avenue Presbyterian Church, of which 
church Mr. Nicholls has been an elder about 
three years. 

Hezel, Walter M. — Although yet a young 
man not beyond his twenties, there are few at- 
torneys in St. Louis better known, or more pop- 
ular, than Walter M. Hezel. He was born 
August 29, lS(j(), at P.elleville, Illinois, and is 
the son of Morris and Mary ( Bauer) Hezel, the 
names indicating that from both stems of the 
genealogical tree he inherited pure German 
blood. 

He acquired a knowledge of the comuion or 
rudimentary educational branches in the town 
in which he was born and spent his )'outh. 
Subsequetitly he received the higher and finish- 
ing courses at the Christian Brothers" College, 
in this city. 

In making his choice of a profession, after 
leaving college, he was fortunate in adopting 
the law, a profession to which he is well adapted, 
as subsequent circumstances have proved. He 
became a student at the St. Louis Law SchooL-' 
and in June, 1884, graduated, and within the 
same month was admitted to the bar for jMac- 
tice. 

Some >ears since, he became associated with 
Broadhead & Haeussler, and in October, I.SIU, 
entered into partnership with Charles S. Broad- 
head. Mr. Hezel overcame the adverse cir- 
cumstances that usually beset a young attor- 
ney in beginning practice within a time and 
manner which was very flattering to his ability, 
and now has a reputation and practice which 
many attorneys more than twice his age may 
well envy. 

He is enthusiastically interested in public af- 
fairs, and was urged a few years ago to become 
a candidate for prosecuting attorney on an inde- 
pendent ticket. He refused to allow the use of 
his name, one of his reasons being that he is a 
staunch Democrat. 

Personally he is a good fellow, entertaining 



and genial; and taking his wide-extending 
popularity as a basis, it may confidently be 
predicted that he may some day have any re- 
sponsible ofhce to which he may aspire in the 
gift of either municipality or State. 

Mr. Hezel was married October 2(5, 1892, to 
Aliss Ida L. Gempp, daughter of H. Genipp, a 
leading druggist of St. Louis. 

Haa.se, Charles, a successful busine.ss man, 
and a carriage manufacturer who is thoroughly 
conversant with every detail in connection with 
the business, is a native of Germany, in which 
country he was born October 7, 1841. His 
parents were Christ and Sophia ( Cook ) Haase, 
by whom he was well educated. 

When about twenty-five years of age he de- 
cided to emigrate to America, and came to vSt. 
.Louis in l.S()8. He secured employment as a 
woodworker for various firms, and continued as 
a journeynuiu for some three years, when he 
started in business for himself in connection 
with the old firm of McCall, Lancaster & 
Haase. 

His complete attention was given to carriage 
manufacturing, and several very valuable im- 
'jirovements were devised and carried out by the 
partners, and especially by the subject of this 
sketch, who was a hard worker and an old be- 
liever in thoroughness in every detail. Mr. 
Lancaster died two years after the firm was es- 
tablished, and the name was changed to McCall 
& Haase. In 1885 the business had assumed 
such magnitude that it was decided to incorpo- 
rate under the laws of the State, and the McCall 
& Haase Carriage Company of to-day came into 
existence. 

The depository of this firm is an exceptionally 
large one. It is situated at Eighteenth and Pine 
streets, within two blocks of the new Union Sta- 
tion, and where an immense stock of carriages 
is carried. 

Mr. Haase is well known in social and society 
circles, and is a popular member of the Legion of 
Honor, the Royal Arcanum, and the A. O. U. W. 
In December, 1874, he married Miss Elizabeth 
Williams, of this city. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



mh 



Tat.TV, Johx a., a proinincnt lawyer, and a 
mail who is thorouijhly versed in every point 
and technicality of civil law, has worked his waj' 
up to his present eminence from small begin- 
nincrs. He is still quite a young man, his life 
having commenced just at the outbreak of the 
war. But, although scarcely thirty-four years 
of age, he has made his influence and power 
felt, both in legal and political circles, and has 
also shown a judicial ability which points very 
conclusively towards his future success as a judge 
of one of the higher 
courts. 

Judge Talty is the 
son of Patrick H. 
a u d C a t h e r i u e 
(Vaughn) Talty, 



v'as 



)rn m 



Moline, Illinois, 
August i'2, l.S(;o. 
He received h i s 
education in t h e 
schools of his native 
town, and his first 
work was as a sten- 
ographer in a local 
mercantile concern. 
He had already 
acquire d qui te a 
liking for the legal 
jnofession, and in 
May, IS.SO, he came 
to .St. lyouis, act- 
uated very m u c h 
bv a desire to study 

law and become a member of the legal profession. 
With this end in \-iew he accepted a position 
as stenographer with the firm of Johnson, Lodge 
& Johnson, working at his desk during the 
day and studying law at intervals, and especially 
during the evenings. He made rapid progress 
with his studies, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1882, shortly after attaining his majority. 
He commenced practice almo.st immediately, 
and in bS83 he formed a copartnership with 
Mr. Joseph G. Lodge. He continued with tliis 
gentleman until 18<I0, when Mr. Lody-e ditil, 




JOHN A. TALTY. 



and Mr. Talty continued practicing alone. He 
was appointed judge of the Court of Criminal 
Correction in 18!K), and served about a jear. 
He was nominated by the Republican conven- 
tion in 18ill for the same oflSce, and made an 
excellent race. 

Mr. Talty is by conviction an ardent Repub- 
lican, and he has taken great interest in local 
political affairs, being regarded as a party man 
of great value, both on account of his conserva- 
tive tendencies, and also of his willingness to 
work. He is one of 
the leaders of the lo- 
cal Republican party 
and, as already inti- 
mated, is marked for 
early advancement. 
Judge Talty is un- 
married. He is a 
memberof the Royal 
-Vrcanum, and is a 
charter member of 
the Oriental Lodge 
of the A. O. U. \V. 
His handsome per- 
sonal appearance, 
his genial manner, 
and his conspicuous 
ability, make him 
one of the most 
prominent and best 
respected members 
of the local bar, and 
his future is an 
enviable one. 
F., is one of the suc- 
popular physicians of 



Lui)WiG, Ch.\rlks V 
cessful and justly and 
vSt. Louis. Having had the benefit of educa- 
tion and experience, both in Europe and Amer- 
ica, he has made the best of his advantages, and 
has attained an eminence in the medical pro- 
fession which is a source of much gratification 
to his friends. 

Dr. Ludwig was born May 5, 1836, in Lan- 
dau, one of the fortified cities of Rhenish Ba- 
v:nia. His father, Df. John V. Ludwig, was a 
miluarv surgeon in the Ninth Infantry Regiment 



526 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



of the Bavarian Army. His mother, Josephine J. 
(Bellon) Lndwig, was the daughter of the ex- 
mayor of Landau. On both sides of his ances- 
tral tree, Dr. Ludwig is of distinguished descent, 
and he inherits many of the characteristics 
which made his ancestors successful and re- 
spected in their native country. 

Dr. Ludwig graduated from the high school 
at Landau, and then entered the university at 
Speyer, where he remained until his parents 
migrated to America. He accompanied them, 
and settling in St. 
Louis continued 
his studies and grad- 
uated from the St. 
Louis Medical Col- 
lege, March 6, l«a.s. 
After receiving his 
degree he was ap- 
pointed resident 
physician of the 
O'Fallon Dispensary 
of the St. Louis 
Medical College, and 
assistant surgeon to 
Dr. Charles A. Pope. 
He also became cura- 
tor of the college, an 
ofhce which he held 
until the outbreak of 
the war. He was 
mustered into the 
service of the United 
States Army on the 
occasion of Lincoln's 

first call for troops, and was commissioned assist- 
ant surgeon of the Third Regiment of Missouri 
Infantry Volunteers. He accompanied the regi- 
ment through all its engagements during the 
southwestern expedition under Generals Lyon 
and Sigel. He was present at the battles of 
Carthage and Wilson's Creek, and also subse- 
quently he was promoted to the position of reg- 
imental surgeon of the First Regiment, Mis- 
souri Volunteers. After the battle of Pea Ridge, 
Arkansas, he became s(irgeon-in-chief of the 
Post Hospital at Pacific City, Missouri. 




CHARLES V. F. LUDWIO. 



After the war was over Dr. Ludwig resumed 
the practice of medicine, and in liSdii he in- 
vented a system of water filtration of an exceed- 
ingly valuable character. Unfortunately, it was 
not adopted in St. Louis, or the supply from the 
mains would be of a far more agreeable charac- 
ter. He is a member of the St. Louis Medical 
Society, the State Medical Association of Mis- 
souri, the American Medical Association, the 
Alumni Association of the St. Louis Medical 
College, of the Knightsof Honor, the A. O. U. W. , 
and is a ^lason in 
good standing. The 
Doctor is also post 
surgeonof the Frank 
P. Blair Post of the 
Grand Army of the 
Republic. 

The Doctor is a 
Republican in poli- 
tics, and cast his first 
\-ote for President 
Lincoln. In 18(^5 he 
was president of the 
Charcoal Club, which 
was f<.)rmcd in the 
P'ifth Ward, now the 
Third, in opposition 
to the Claybank 
Democratic Club. 

The Doctor mar- 
ried, September 'I'l, 
l.sr)8. Miss Emily 
Gantie, only daugh- 
ter of Mr. Theodore 
and Mrs. t;mily Gantie, both from Paris, France. 
Mr. Gantie was a prosperous merchant and im- 
porter of fine cloth, whose place of business 
was on Main street, between jNIarket and Wal- 
nut. 

The great fire of IS-I.S destroyed his en- 
tire building and large stock of goods. He was 
one of the first to rebuild and re-establish his 
business, in which he continued to be pros- 
perous. 

He retired from lousiness in l<S(;o, and died 
in 1.S77. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



527 



Dr. Liulwig was always fascinated with the 
study of nature's laws and forces. One of his 
pet studies was aerial navigation, embracing a 
system the principle of which is jet motion, for 
which he claims priority. 

Bi.KSS, Harmox J. — Of the younger members 
who are competent to take up the burden and 
sustain the brilliant record made by the able 
men who have reflected honor and credit on St. 
Louis as members of her bar, there is none who 
excites greater ex- 
pectations, and none 
more worthy than 
the you n g m a n 
whose name is writ- 
ten at the beginning 
of this brief biogra- 
phy. He has been 
a member of our bar 
only a comparati\'eh- 
short term of years, 
and \'et he has won 
a reputation and suc- 
cess that any }oung 
attorney might well 
be proud of. 

Harmon J. Bliss 
was born in West- 
field, Chautau qua 
county, Xew York, 
November Ki, l.s.')Sl 
His father, Harmon 
J., died in l.S(;;3, 11 vk.mon 

leaving his son and 

namesake fatiierless at the age of five years. 
I>ut his mother was a woman of high principles 
of rectitude, self-reliant, and of a strong and ex- 
cellent character, and the rearing of her son 
being thus left entirely to her, he was given the 
best capital that can be inherited b>- any bo\- — 
the knowledge and principles instilled b>' a 
mother's teaching. The mother's name, before 
her marriage, was Mary E. Plumb, and she is 
yet living at Detroit, Michigan. His mother 
knew the inestimable advantages of a good edu- 
cation, and the subject of this sketch was early 




sent to the common school, and to the academy 
of his native place, and having finished his 
course there, he entered Hamilton College, near 
Utica, New York, from which institution he 
graduated in 1881, standing high in his class. 

Soon after graduation, having selected the 
law as a profession, he entered the office of 
Messrs. Williams and Potter, in Buffalo, New 
York, as a student. After some time passed in 
the study of the law in Buffalo, he accepted the 
position of classical instructor in a private school 
for boys, in New Or- 
leans, where he re- 
moved in the fall of 
l'*^'"^o, still pursuing 
his legal studies 
when not engaged 
in the duties of his 
position. In May, 
llS'Sy, he removed to 
St. Lou is , with a 
\iew of peimanently 
locating for the prac- 
tice of his profession, 
and in October of the 
same year was ad- 
mitted to the bar. 
He at once opened 
an ofifice for practice, 
and has since con- 
tinued alone. 

Mr. Bliss is con- 
sidered a young law- 
I- HI isi. yer of much promise. 

He is ambitious, 
talented, and a student, and his friends do not 
doubt that he will compel success in his chosen 
vocation. He is liberal in all his views, and 
while in political belief he is a staunch Demo- 
crat, in nothing is he a bigot. ^Ir. Bliss is 
unmarried. 

I'"Ktix, Jkrkmiah, is a man of ceaseless energy 
and great personal magnetism. He has risen to 
his present prominent position in the city by 
dint of hard work and by introducing into his 
business the best methods and the most concise 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



system. He is vice-president of the F'ruin-Bam- 
brick Construction Company, and has worked 
for many years in connection with Mr. William 
H. Swift, of whose career we have spoken at 
length on a preceding page. 

Mr. Fruin is a member of the large class of self- 
made men which has had and still exerts such a 
conspicuous influence on the destinies of the 
great West and Southwest. He is not by any 
means a conspicuous politician, although he 
has given to practical legislation a great deal 
of study and attention. His worth as a citizen, 
and his reliability as a business and professional 
man, was recently recognized by Governor Stone, 
who appointed him a police commissioner in 
St. Louis. 

When the appointment was first announced 
there was some doubt as to whether ]\Ir. Fruin 
would accept it. The salary attached to the 
office is purely nominal, and to a man of Mr. 
Fruin's wealth was a matter of no importance. 
He had, moreover, no " fish to fry" and no 
particular ends to serve. A sense of public duty, 
however, constrained him to accept the appoint- 
ment, and he has already proved himself to be 
admirably adapted for the position, displaying 
executive ability and marked impartiality on 
every occasion of importance. 

To-day Mr. Fruin stands in the foremost rank 
of reliable, progressive St. Louis men, and he 
never refused his sanction to any project of a 
legitimate character calculated to benefit the 
city in any way. 

Mr. Fruin was born in Ireland, on July ti, 
1831, but he carries his years so well that he is 
seldom suspected of being in the sixties. When 
he was a mere child his parents, John and Cath- 
erine Fruin, decided to make their home in this 
country, and they accordingly landed in New 
York in 1834 with their young son. His 
father obtained several contracts from the New 
York and Brooklyn municipalities, and young 
Fruin, as soon as he was old enough, com- 
menced to assist in the work. Hence his edu- 
cation was somewhat interfered with, but he 
obtained at the common schools a good smatter- 
ing of the rudiments, and being a good reader 



and student soon equipped himself for a busi- 
ness career. Life did not prove a bed of roses 
to him during his boyhood and early manhood, 
and the lessons of adversity he learned while 
completing his growth have probably done as 
much towards insuring his success as the most 
complete university education and lengthy ap- 
]3renticeship could possibly have accomplished. 

When the war broke out Mr. Fruin's sympa- 
thies were naturally with the North, and early 
in 1861 he came on to St. Louis to accept a po- 
sition in the quartermaster's department of the 
Army of the West, under General Fremont. 
His military service was not a sinecure, for he 
went through the entire western campaign and 
was present at such important engagements as 
Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Fort Henr\-, Ijehnont 
and several others. 

After doing his duty to his coiintry, in reganl 
to military service, ^Ir. Fruin, who was quick 
to foresee the future in store for St. Louis, 
promptly decided to locate here, and he at once 
opened up in a small way in the contracting busi- 
ness. The experience he had acquired in New 
York and Brooklyn stood him in good stead, 
and he soon obtained a number of contracts for 
street excavating, water-works construction and 
similar work. The prompt and able manner in 
which these contracts was executed made him 
exceedingly popular with the municipal author- 
ities, and he carried out a great deal of emer- 
gency work with marked success. He also 
obtained a number of railroad contracts of vari- 
ous kinds, and from the earliest date of his 
work earned a reputation for thoroughness and 
reliability. 

Uniting himself with Mr. W. H. Swift, he 
and his partner largely increased their business, 
and in January, 1885, the Fruin-Bambrick Con- 
struction Company was incorporated, with ]\Ir. 
Fruin as vice-president. At the present time 
the firm has in hand a large number of most 
important contracts, and the house is probably 
without a peer in this line of work in the West. 
Some of its rapid work in connection with 
street railroad building during the transit boom 
in St. Louis has been phenomenal in character. 








/7^^-i-^<^--cy^ 




DIOGRAPHICA L APPENDIX. 



and lias attracted uni\-ei'sal praist-, especiallv a.s 
tlie work lias been invariably ,y;t)()d, irrespecti\-e 
of the time given for its coiiiplction. 

Prior to locating in St. Lonis, Mr. Fniiii 
married Miss Katherine Carroll, of IJrookUii. 
He has two grown children — one of them a 
st)ii and the other a daughter. 

vSciti'XMAX, Chari.k.s HI';xrv, son of Henrv 
and Jane C. ( Smith ) vSchuiiman, was Ijorn in 
.St. Louis, May 14, l.s.")4. He recei\'ed his earh- 
education in the 



th 



I) 1 i c schools of 
city, graduating 




from the H i g h 
School, after which 
he s])eiit two years 
at Cornell Univer- 
sit>-. At the age of 
twenty-one he went 
into his father's 
office as collector, 
his father being in 
the coal and street 
sjninkling btisiness. 
T h i s position he 
filled for some \ears, 
when he was ad- 
\aiiced to the posi- 
tion of book-keeper, 
and kept the books 
of the firm until his 
lather's death, which 
occurred in J u n e, 
I''^l'<l, just as he was 
making arrangements to retire from active busi- 
ness. After settling up his father's estate he, 
in company with his brother-in-law ( Mr. A. T. 
Ste\eiis) and Mr. William C. Abbott, founded 
the firm of vSte\ens, Schunman &. Company 
— .Mr. Schunman becoming vice-president and 
treasurer — dealers in all sorts of farm imple- 
ments and machinery, as well as a fine line of 
buggies, surreys, phaetons, etc., for both country 
and city trade. 

October 1, bS'.H, or jiisl one year alter they 
had started, the firm became an incorporated 



:has. h. schunhan. 



company-, and their display at the St. Louis 
Fair of !•"->!• 1 was one of the features of that 
exhibition, and was much remarked on. 

Mr. Schunman was married on April 20, 1887, 
to ?*Irs. Nellie Uhl Bacthly, but had the mis- 
fortune to lose her by death June ;!0, 1888. 

^fAKTix, TiLLV Alkxaxdkr, was boru near 
the town of Miami, Saline county, ^lissouri, 
January 11, 1.S41I. He attended the common 
schools until the age of seventeen, when betook 
a course at Prichett 
Institute at Glas- 
gow, ]\Iissouri. He 
then , under the tutor- 
ship of Dr. Benson, 
of Miami, began the 
study of medicine. 
At the age of nine- 
teen he matriculated 
at Bellevue Hospital 
Medical College, 
New York, and after 
attending two winter 
and one summer 
course of lectures at 
that college, passed 
a successful com- 
petitive examination 
for a position as 
liouse physician for 
the Children's Hos- 
pital, of New York. 
He ne.xt accepted 
the position of house 
physician to the lunatic asylum on Blackwell's 
Island, containing at that time about twelve 
hundred patients. After a service of one year 
he resigned and came west, locating at Dalton, 
Chariton county, Missouri, entering very soon 
into a large and general practice. 

.\mong the poor he was especiall\- helpful 
and s\ nipathetic: not only when necessary did 
he furnish his services free, but also medicines, 
and not infrequently the necessaries of life. 
Although not rich himself, he invariably refuses 
compensation from those who are palpably 



530 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



unable to pay. Many a fee has he returned 
with the advice to wait until better able to liqui- 
date the debt. He is of robust physique, in 
stature six feet, in weight something over two 
hundred pounds, of a rather modest and retiring 
disposition, but to friends always jovial and 
companionable. After a large and extensive 
practice in the country of fifteen years' duration, 
he located at St. Louis in 1885. 

In 1886 he accepted the position of lecturer 
on the diseases of children in the Missouri 
Medical College. In 1887 he was called to fill 
the position of clinical professor of diseases of 
children, and lecturer on hygiene and dietetics. 
In addition to these responsible duties he has 
charge of and attends the largest children's 
clinic — at the Missouri Medical College — prob- 
ably west of New York. 

Bernays, Augustus Charles, son of Au- 
gu.stus Charles and i\Iinna Bertrand (Doering) 
Bernays, was born at Highland, St. Clair county, 
Illinois, October 13, 1854. His father was a 
prominent physician, and his mother a woman 
of the highest culture. The latter was a teacher 
at St. Mary's Hall, lyondon, and a member of a 
devout Christian family, and while in London, 
Dr. Bernays, Sr., who was of Hebrew parent- 
age but had been Christianized, met Miss Doer- 
ing, and after locating in St. Louis sent for her 
and married her here. 

Young Bernays' early education was superin- 
tended by his mother and an aunt, who carefully 
instructed him in German, grammarand French. 
His first schooling was received at a common 
school in St. Louis, Missouri. He was gradu- 
ated at McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois, 
in 1872, taking the degree of A.B. In Octo- 
ber of the same year he entered the University 
of Heidelberg, matriculating as a student in the 
medical department. He was kept closely at 
his studies for four years and then passed the 
examination for the degree of M.D., in July 
1876, taking the highest honors. He was the 
first American-born student to take that degree 
'■'■ stmima ctira laiidc"' at the University of 
Heidelberg, which fact was commented on in 



the English and American university magazines. 
After graduating he served a term as assistant 
house surgeon in the Academic Hospital at 
Heidelberg, under the great surgeon Prof. Gus- 
tav Simon, and Prof. Hermann Lossen. 

In 1877 Dr. Bernays went to England, and in 
the autumn of that year qualified for and passed 
the examination for the degree of Member of the 
Royal College of Surgeons of England, which 
is equal to the State's examination in Germany, 
and entitles the holder to practice anywhere in 
Great Britain and the Colonies. 

Having returned to this country, Dr. Bernays 
began the practice of surgery in St. Louis, 
Missouri, and in 1883 was elected professor of 
anatomy and clinical surgery in the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of this city. Besides 
teaching anatomy, which is his special and most 
favorite work, he has been the leader in aggress- 
ive and original surgery. A series of mono- 
graphs, about twenty-five in number, published 
under the title of " Chips from a Surgeon's 
Workshop," have recorded the progress of his 
work. 

In 1889 Dr. Bernays performed the first suc- 
cessful Csesarean section in the State of Mis- 
souri, saving both mother and child. At the 
International Congress of Medicine at Berlin in 
1890, where Prof. Bernays was secretary of the 
surgical section, he read a paper on the treat- 
ment of intestinal wounds which caused much 
favorable comment and was reprinted in every 
ci\-ilized country. Another contribution is a 
new operation for the treatment of retroflexion 
of the uterus, February, 1890. 

Professor Bernays' practice is, jDcrhaps, the 
largest of any surgeon in the West, and besides 
his private work he devotes a great deal of time 
to teaching surgery and operating in the charita- 
ble institutions of the city of St. Louis. 

" Dr. Bernays' strongest points," writes Dr. 
I. N. Love, the eminent medical journalist, 
" are as a teacher of anatomy and as a clinical 
teacher. He has the gift of being able to change 
the usual didactic and very tiresome method of 
lecturing on anatomy into a most interesting 
demonstration. By using colored chalk upon 




^M^M-^ 



:^-t^^/^z^^^-d--. 



RIOGRAPIirCAL APPENDIX. 



tlu- blackboard to ilhistrate every detail of form 
and relative location of the parts, the points nsn- 
ally difHcnlt to explain to stndents are made clear 
and are readily nnderstood. It is in the snry;ical 
clinic as a diagnostician and operator, ho\vc\-cr, 
where Dr. Bernays finds the most admirers. His 
very strict and careful training in jjathology have 
given him an insight into the processes of dis- 
ease which give him such knowledge as he can 
use to the greatest advantage in the clinics in 
making diagnoses. 

" Nature has been very lavish in giving Dr. 
Bernays such organs of sense and motion as 
were capable of being trained to a high degree 
of acuteuess and of dexterity. As an operator 
he is an artist. His results are such as to com- 
mand the admiration and receive the highest 
praise from his co-workers in the profession. 
Perhaps no operator was ever more sought after 
by younger men in the profession who desire 
to perfect themselves in the most advanced de- 
partments of surgery, and it may be truthfully 
said that Dr. Bernays is sent for to perform 
surgical work by a larger number of his col- 
leagues in the city than an)- other surgeon 
since the death of the lamented Dr. John T. 
Hodgen. 

"One of the striking characteristics of Dr. 
Bernays is his utter disregard for money for 
money's sake. He is so absorbed with the 
scientific and artistic features of his work as to 
ha\e almost a morbid distaste for the financial 
part of it. This latterly he has escaped by 
ha\ing a lousiness manager, who takes charge 
of all the financial details of his life. Dr. Bernays 
is professor of anatomy and surgical pathology 
in the Marion-Sims College of Medicine and the 
Woman's Medical College of St. Louis. His 
reputation is wide-spread, and his cases come to 
him from ever\- State in the Union, he having 
been called repeatedly into the Territories and 
e\en as far west as ,San Francisco to do sur- 
gical work. His generosity, not only in the 
matter of money, but in the direction of assist- 
ing other operators to learn by example all the 
details of surgical technique, is unparalleled. 
He is consistently exclusively a surgeon. 



"After having observed him carefully from 
every standpoint for nearly twenty years, I do 
not hesitate to say he is one of the most remarka- 
ble men within my knowledge. To sum up, he 
is a consummate artist, skirting the border line 
of genius, possessing that which is rare among 
such, the genius of hard work, and in his family 
relations with his aged relatives and affectionate 
sisters he is as tender as a woman, and in addi- 
tion possesses tho.se qualities essential to the 
making of a good friend, the disposition to stay 
with his friend through thick and thin. He 
belongs not to the class that work their friends, 
but to those who work for them. He is a born 
optimist and ready to forgive tho.se who offend. 
He is in the prime of life, in the zenith of his 
fame, which is world-wide." 

Spencer, Hor.\tio N., .son of Horatio N. 
and Sarah Marshall Spencer, was born at Port 
Gibson, Mississippi, July 7, 1X42. He attended 
the private schools of his native county and 
then entered the Alabama University, where he 
graduated at the age of eighteen. 

His sympathies were naturally with the South, 
and he served in the Confederate Army, suffer- 
ing much privation and hardship, but never 
flinching or shirking a duty. .\t the close of the 
war he took up the study of medicine, and, in 
order to thoroughly qualify himself, he entered 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons at New 
York City, where he graduated in 1868. He 
then crossed the Atlantic, and after continuing 
his studies in Europe, and perfecting himself 
for his chosen profession, he came to St. Louis 
in 1870, where he settled permanently, entered 
upon the practice of medicine and speedily ob- 
tained a large and lucrative practice. 

He is professor of diseases of the ear at the 
Missouri Medical College, and ranks high as a 
physician of skill and reliability. 

His first wife, a Miss Kirkland, died in the 
year 188o, and the Doctor married Miss Lila 
Dwight, of Charleston, South Carolina, two years 
later. 

By his first marriage he had five children — 
three daughters and two sons. 



532 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



winters 
age of ten 



PoLLMAN, Henry Clay, president of the firm 
of H. C. Pollman & Brother, coal merchants and 
sprinkling contractors, was born in New York, 
October 7, 1847. He is the son of Frederick C. 
and Elizabeth Pollman, the former being at one 
time lieutenant-colonel in the Fourth Missouri 
Regiment. 

When Henry Clay was quite young, Mr. and 
Mrs. Pollman moved to St. Louis, and such edu- 
cation as the lad received was acquired in 
this city. He went to school during three 
but at the 
he was 
sent to work in a 
brick yard. 

He continued at 
this work until he 
was thirteen, when 
he enlisted under 
Colonel Stiefel in the 
FifthMissouri Volun- 
teer militia. He only 
enlisted for three 
months' service, but 
as soon as he was 
mustered out he re- 
enlisted in theF'ourth 
Missouri Volunteers, 
serving with this reg- 
iment for two years 
and six months. His 
active service in the 
field terminated at 
the battle of Big Riv- 
er in Southeast Mis- 
souri, when he was captured b\- the enemy 
while on a foraging expedition. 

The war over, he was apprenticed to the plas- 
tering business, at which he served for five 
years, learning it very thoroughly. He then 
served for two years as a journeyman, and after 
this went into business for himself, continuing 
until the year 1877. 

Then, with a nominal capital, he commenced 
the coal and wood business, at his present loca- 
tion. He opened up under most unfortunate con- 




HENRY C. POLLMAN 



having lost heavily on a row of houses which 
he built, and which the panic of 1876 depreci- 
ated in value to sucli an extent as to well-nigh 
ruin the young plasterer. But his credit was 
good, and his reputation for honesty and hard 
work was so high that he made rapid strides 
in his business, and within two years had not 
only the satisfaction of having paid off the 
entire debt, but had also laid the foundation for 
a successful business. P'or upwards of eight 
years he drove a team of his own, kept his own 
books and attended 
to his own work eu- 
tireh'. 

In addition to 
sprinkling work Mr. 
Pollman does a large 
jobbing coal busi- 
ness, and is also 
working up one of 
the largest retail coal 
businesses in the 
city. 

Mr. Pollman's ca- 
reer is a remark- 
able one, for he is 
now, at the age of 
fort \- -six, on the 
high road to wealth 
and prosperity. He 
has maintained 
through the vicissi- 
tudes of his career a 
highly upright and 
honorable repiita- 
tion, and is looked upon, generally, as a man in 
whose word implicit reliance can be placed. 

Mr. Pollman married on June 17, 18()il, Miss 
Violet Morange, of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 
daughter of the late vice-president of the Erie 
Central Railway. ]\Irs. Pollman died on No- 
vember 24, ISSM), leaving one daughter. Miss 
Florence ^lercedes, who is now a handsome 
young lady of sixteen years. Mr. Pollman has 
subsequently married Miss Ellen Koops, of St. 
Louis, and has one baby daughter, Violet Mar- 



ditions, as he was over a thousand dollars in debt, garet. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



533 



.MoTT, Frederick W. — One to whom the 
people of South St. Louis and Caroudelet are 
deeply indebted as one of the most energetic 
and progressive factors in the growth of that 
part of the metropolis, is the aforementioned 
gentleman, who was born in New York City, 
December 2, 184,l, and is the son of John and 
Annie (Thiel) Mott. When but eight years of 
age he was brought west, locating at Carlin- 
ville, Illinois. In this village he received the 
elements of an education at the common schools, 
and later attended , 

Blackburn Univer- 
sity in that town. 
In ISi;.") young -Mott, 
being then about six- 
teen years old, came 
to St. Louis. His 
father had died pre- 
vious to this time at 
I! r o o k 1 )■ n , X e w 
York, aiul the young 
man realized that he 
was left in a posi- 
tion where he must 
largely depend on 
his own efforts for 
whatever worldly 
benefits he received 
in f u ture. After 
reaching St. Louis 
he continued his 
schooling, and was 
the first pupil ad- 
mitted to the Blow 

School of South St. Louis, after its completion. 
After completing his common school course, he 
was, in l.S()7, admitted to the High School, 
which institution he left to begin the active 
business of life. 

His first employment was as messenger boy 
for the Life Association of America. He did 
not here have to earn promotion by tiresome 
and long-continued efforts, as his shrewdness 
and ability were so apparent to his employers 
that after but ten days' service he was promoted 
at one stage from messenger to private secretary 



of the general manager. That this gentleman's 
estimate of his capacity was wholly correct was 
shown by a promotion which followed, and by 
which he was made assistant secretary of the 
company. In 1X7H honors of a still wider and 
deeper complimentary character were conferred 
on him, when by his fellow-citizens he was 
elected to the State Legislature as the represent- 
ative of a St. Louis district, and he accord- 
ingly resigned his office with the company to 
enter the service of the people. That he proved 
both w o r t h \- and 




able in this, as 
trusts of a less re 
sponsible nature, i: 



in 



by the fact 
; represented 



FREDERICK 



shown 

that h 

this district three 

successive terms. 

While yet one of 
the State's legislat- 
ors he began agi- 
tating the scheme of 
building a rapid 
transit line of street 
railway from Caron- 
delet to a central 
part of the city. He 
was not content with 
agitation merely, but 
soon began the work 
of organizing the 
Southern Railway 
Company, which 
constructed the elec- 
tric line that now connects Carondelet with 
Sixth and Market streets. This appreciated 
wonderfully the real estate values in the South 
End, and Mr. Mott, realizing the profit to be 
gained by investment therein, after a time re- 
signed his office as vice-president of the South- 
ern Railway Company and became a real estate 
dealer and agent. But one thing has never 
seemed to furnish enough work to absorb all his 
extraordinary energy, and in a short time he 
began the organization of the vSyenite (iranite 
Company, under the instructions of Wm. R. 



noTT. 



534 OLD AND NliW ST. I.OCIS. 

Allen, Tliis is tlif coiiii)aiiv wliicli first intio- into the nicrcaiitilc hnsiiu-ss at I'losix-cl, Ohio, 

(iiiced and paved the city with },nanite. where tiiey did a },'.,.„| hnsiness nntil the fall <.f 

At the solicitation of liis friends, Mr. Molt, \>^y.\, wlieii the\- sold out their inhiesl in I'ros- 
iii I««;^., again entered jKditics in an olficial ])e(t, and Mr. I'ield went to C(;hnnl)ns, Ohio, 
capacity. In that )car he wa.s a factor in break- where lie hecanie a teaelier in " (iranj^er's Com- 
ing a dead-lock in the City Council, which went inercial Colle)j;e." This position he held for fisc 
to pieces wlien his name was ])resented as the \-ears, when he i|nil and attain went into iIk 
collector of water rates. To this ])laee he was mereantilt' hnsiness, (his time ;il I'Unioulli, 
nnanimonsly elected and served four years, or ()hio, where hc' lemaincd for I wo \ cars, or niU il 
nntil liie a])]iointnient of his successor, Joseph the wai broke out, wlun, in order to oflei his 
'l"em|)le, by the incoming Democratic ndniin- services to his eonntry, he sold onl his business 
istralion. in IMMH he became a standard bearer for a second time, and rai.sed a ronii)an\ . 
on his ])art\'s .Slate ticket, being a c-.indidale I.ater, he went to Marion, ( )hio, and became 
for seeretarv of st.ate. Fie was beaten bv I/s- ,a menib<r of (he firm of C. II. Kling .S: Com- 
siienr, but reeei\ed a majority of I 1 ,<tO<l soles in p,in\-, where he s(:i\(il for ei.^lK \-ears, when he 
.St. Louis. Mr. Mott hasalwa\s been an ar<lent soKI on( liis inleres( lo his i)ai(ners, and in < )e- 
Reiniblicau, and is a power in bo( h t-ommeivial (ober, b^CS, came (o Si. l<onis ,ind (ook charge 
and political affairs of (he Sondi luid, ,in<l his of the agricultural ini]. lenient deparlnicnl of 
friends say his fu(uic in bodi fields is of (he Swan, ( )gden tS: Compain (of wliieh linn In 
brightest. It shoul.l not be foruo((eii, in (his was a meud)er ), ;it i;02 Nor( h Main st reel , Cpoii 
eonneelion, dial he served eight ve.irs as, •iniem- the de.ilh of Mr. Sw.iii in Ih7l', the firm dis- 
bi r of the Slate Repnbli.'.in Committee, and w.as solved, .in.] Mr. b'ield reorg,ani/e<l itniulerthe 
the .secretary of the bod\- during that ])criod, or, n;iine of I'.nford X: I'ield, doing business ;it '.'i^i' 
that he was a deleg.ite to the Chicago Natii>nal N'orth Steoiid slreel. In ISTS (s])ring) (he 
Convention wdiich nominated I'daine and Logan, firm dissolved, Mr. linford going to Kansas Cil\, 

Mr. Mott is still in tlic real estate business, and Mr. iMcld bnuieliing out as a manufacturer 

whicdi lie h;is c-arried forward successfully, ex- of sugar cane maehiner\- and tre.id mills, ,is 

ei-pt when interrupted by the duties of i)ublic Jas. A. I'ield 60 Com].;in\ . In (he s.ime \ear 

ofru-e. lie is an active Mason, ;iiul has been a he removed his c-nlire |)lanl (o KIl^l' .\'or(li 

mendier of Cood Hope Lodge, No, ai«, since I'ighdi slreel, where he has been ever since, 

IH7.'), and is a I'ast .Master of the same, and where e.ieh ve.ir shows ;in increase of busi- 

Mr. Mott married, in 1«7I, Mi.ss Isal)ella S. ne.ss ovei the preceding. 
Rutherf(n-d, of this city. ^ .She is tlie danglitcr Mr. I'ield is .1 meinber of die ( '...ode Aveiim- 

of Archibald .S. Rutherford, who was one of tlie M. \%. Church, and he is also a director of the 

city's earliest merchants, and was tlie founder Piasa lilnffs Assembly; of the St. Louis Deacons' 

of the present house of Scruggs, Vandervoort & Home; of the I{islio])'s Residence Com|)any, .iiul 

I'.arney. Mr, and Mrs, Mott have two children of the McKendree College a( Lebanon, Illinois, 

— both sons — aged, respectively, eighteen and and secretary of the board of directors of the 

twenty-two years. Carleton ColUge, ;it I-'armington, .Missouri. 

On the ixth of March, lHil2, he was elected 

I'"!!';!.!), Ja.mivS AiDKN, son of James and .Mary la)- delegate to the general conference of the 

(Landon) Field, was born at Delaware, Ohio, M. K. Church, which met May 1st, at Om.ilia, 

Angu.st 2(i, 1><;U. He received liis education at Nebraska, receiving seventy-six of the ninelv- 

the Oliio We.sleyan University, and also took a two votes cast. Mr. I'ield has ue\(r held polif- 

course and graduated at Lukes' Commercial Col- ical oflices, nor had political ,is].ii.i(i(nis, l.ikiiig 

lege at Ciucinn.id, Ohio. ,\fter he left school, no furdur in(eris( in ])olilies (h.iii eiioii-h 

he, in iXal), in eoni]>any with his brother, went to be verv careful to .lei.osil his b.illot for 



/i/()(,h'.i /'///( Ai. Arri-.NPix. 



535 



tlu- n^rlit i).itt 

lie was man-: 

A. SI 



It, 



.I.INS, 

ismaiii 



C.h 



Martin. 
•c- c-xiK-rt 



nil :.';'., 
IS, Olii. 



U<^- 



I I'vc-rv ck-clioii. tioiis of lailroatl. I'oi nine years Mr. C.lliiis 
<.■>•;, to Miss I,\(lia worked ilia fancy dry K'""'^ ^t'"c '" t'''^ 'ily) •''"'' 
ill IH.")2 lie liad saved chohkIi iiioney from lii.s 
eariiiii).;stostartin business for 1i i nisei f. .Assoeiat- 
iioinineiit Mason iiij^ liini.self witli a frieiirl, tlic linn of Kosenlieiin 
(Is of sixty years X: Collins was formed, and for six years it eoii- 
Lancister eoiinly, ducted ;i i.ros].eroiis l.nsiness. It was then di-.- 
■M\. lie is, how- solved, .ind Mr. Collins w.is ai-poinlcl, hy Mayor 
•ser\alion, and is Daniel C. Taslor, re>;ister of w.itei i,il<s. II( 
.ve.l llie ri^hi ni.ni in I he ri^dil phiee, ,ind 
s re,i|i|)oiiited lis two snceessive iiia)<>rs, an 
Iwnior to wliicli few 



>1 h 



'k'<' 



having l.cen Ik 
I'i-iinsvlv;iiiia, in the \ 
ever, a man of exc.lh 
very fre(|iientl\ niist.ak 
ni.iii. His excellent ] 
manner make him 
coiis])iciioiis aiiionj^ 
his co-workers, and 
<liiriii>j liis lonj,' con- 
nection wilhtliiseity 
he has earne.l and 
maintained the ri- 
spect of all with 

whom he lias come T ;,ji§ ¥«■ I 

in contact, and more 
especially of mem- 
bers of the .Masonic 
fraternity. 

Ills early cdnca- 
tioii was received in 
country .schools in 

-^^^^^^^^*^ ^^^^^-''^^^^^^^^^ 
his first work ^^^^^^^^^ li^P" ^^^'"^-T^^^IH^^^^H 

was ill a coiintr\- 
drnj^ store, where lie 
combined the f^fTiccs ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

and salesman, and K""'l .standing, and 
generally sn peri n - ''^'"" ""'"'■ I'as kIvci. to tlie af- 
tended the business. All tlie work which de- fairs of the orfler his most careful and con- 
volved upon him was well carried out, but the spicuous attention, having; held a hir^e num- 
utter absence of any prospect of advancement bcr of offices in it, and having; earned the 
induced him to ^u we.st in search of a more reputation of beinjj exceptionally loyal, even 
promising field of labor, althouj^h his friends anions such a traditionally loyal class as the 
tried to di.ssuade him on account of tlie difficul- Masons. 

ties in the way. He married, durinj{ the days of his compara- 

Hence it was that just half a century aj,'o he tive poverty, a daughter of Captain Crab, u\ the 

found himself in St. I^onis, after a tedious (nited States Marine Service, 

jonrney from I'hiladelphia, which occiii)iefl .Mr. and Mrs. Collins have had seven diildren, 

nearly three weeks, durinj^ which time he had of whom three are now livinij and beyond the 

to ride on canal-boats and stages, and short sec- stage of childho<jfI. 




lien have attained 
n innni. ipal affairs. 
Alioiit thirty years 
luo Mr. Collins 
nriicd his attention 

,. v., ,.,,.d was ap- 
oinl.d a^^.iil for 
,.„.• u\ the lai-Kest 

i.ntinent. Ilisbusi- 
ess gradually iii- 
reased, nnlil he is 
ow the head of the 
nil of Martin Coi- 
ns, Son cS: Coni- 
;iii\-, which ranks 
niong the most ini- 
ort.int linns in the 



>36 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Pauly, Peter Joseph, son of Christian and 
Catharine (Holtzhaner) Pauly, was born near 
Coblentz on the Rhine, Germany, May 23, 1832. 
He was educated in the Government free schools 
until fourteen years of age, when his family came 
to America, and located in St. Louis. In 1846, 
the year the Pauly family settled on the banks 
of the Mississippi, Peter was hired out at $3.00 
a month to learn the trade of blacksmith, in 
which his father was engaged. He assisted his 
father in the shop until he was about sixteen, 
when the family moved to Illinois, where Mr. 
Pauly, vSr., combined agriculture and black- 
smithing. His son accompanied him, but finding 
little scope for himself in the country, returned 
to St. Louis in 1849 and entered the foundry 
and machine shop of Samuel Gatey to learn the 
trade of machinist and ])lacksmith. He served 
for two years, and then for another year with 
Mr. Jno. T. Dowdall. His next position was in 
the Missouri Pacific Machine Shops, just opened, 
and after working for a year and a half he 
secured a position in an extensive foundry, 
where he was appointed foreman of the black- 
smith shop. After holding this position for a 
year he returned to Mr. fiatey, and for another 
year took charge of his first fire. 

In 18y(i Mr. Pauly, joined by his brother John, 
established the business of P. J. Pauly & Brother, 
steamboat blacksmiths. The firm continued in 
this business until IJ^TO, when, owing to the de- 
crease in the number of boats plying on the 
Mississippi, the brothers made a specialty of 
jail and prison building, Mr. Pauly securing 
a number of very valuable patents and soon 
becoming the greatest jail builder in the United 
States, and probably in the world. 

In 1877 Pauly Brothers found it necessary to 
secure larger premises, and the factory occupy- 
ing half a block was erected at 2215 South 
DeKalb street. Business continued to grow in 
a most satisfactory manner, and in 1885 the firm 
was incorporated as the Pauly Jail Building and 
Manufacturing Company, with a capital stock 
of $150,000. Since the incorporation, the busi- 
ness has grown even more rapidly than before, 
and the company has erected jails in nearly 



ever\- State in the I'uion, great satisfaction be- 
ing expressed with all the work transacted. In 
1889 Mr. Pauly retired from the active manage- 
ment and took a trip to Europe, visiting the 
scenes of his childhood and remaining for sev- 
eral months on the banks of the Rhine. 

Mr. Pauly is a member of several clubs, in- 
cluding the Union of St. Louis. He is also a 
prominent member of the Merchants' Exchange, 
and president of the Commonwealth Casualty 
Company of Missouri. He is also one of the 
old fire laddies, having been a member of the 
Company No. 4, of the Volunteer Firemen, and 
being now a member of the \'eteran Firemen's 
Historical Society. 

Mr. Pauly is a Democrat in politics, and has 
always taken an active interest in the welfare of 
the party. In 1856 he canvassed the city for 
the Buchanan ticket, with great success. He 
has been a member of the Democratic Central 
Committee on several occasions, but has always 
refused to hold office or acce])t any remunera- 
tion for political work. He has figured promi- 
nenth' on the Democratic State Committee, and 
was a member of that body when the great po- 
litical change from radicalism to conservatism 
was nrade, and he was also prominent in the 
efforts wliich resulted in restoring the franchises 
to 60,000 or 70,000 residents of the State. In 
the same year, l'S70, lie was nominated for the 
State Legislature, nuich against his will, but 
having accepted the nomination, he worked so 
zealou.sly that although the district had a 
Republican majority of 750, he was easily 
elected. 

While in the Legislature he was influential 
in securing the passage of a bill giving to 
St. Louis Forest, O'Fallon and Carondelet 
parks. 

In 1873 he was specie collector for a short 
period, and then retired finalh' from politics, 
on account of the pressure of his business 
affairs. 

Mr. Pauly married October !', IS,'),",, :\Iiss 
Catharine Halm, of St. Louis. Mr. and Mrs. 
PauK' ha\c had six children, of whom four are 
now living. 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



537 



McCrkkrv, Wav.man Crow, son of Phociau 
R. McCreery and Mary Jane (Hynes) McCreery, 
was born in St. Louis in the year 1 .Si)! . His father 
wasborn in Kentucky, but had settled in St. Louis 
eleven years previous to Waymau's birth , and had 
gone into the dry goods business in partnership 
with Mr. Wayman Crow, the firm being known 
as Crow, McCreery &; Company. It did a very 
large amount of profitable business, and Mr. 
]\IcCreery invested much of his share of the 
profits in real estate. His name is connected 
with some of the 
best buildings in the 
city, including the 
building at the cor- 
ner of Broadway and 
Chestnut street, now 
known as Hurst's 
Hotel, which was 
erected in 18H1, and 
which was, at that 
time, the finest build- 
ing in the cit\'. 
His enterprise prov- 
ed a great stiuuilus 
to the erection of 
costly ofhce and puli- 
lic buildings, and his 
example was very 
generally followed. 
His mother, Mary 
Jane McCreery, was 
a daughter of Colo- 
nel Andrew Hynes, 
of Nashville, Ten- 
nessee, who was a bosom 
Andrew Jackson. 

Young Wayman received his educational 
training at the Washington University, where 
he remained until he was eighteen years of age. 
He was an apt and industrious pupil and made 
rapid progress in his studies. On leaving the 
Washington University he went to Racine, Wi.s- 
cousin, where he received a thorough university 
education, graduating with high honors in the 
year 1X71. 

Returning to the city of his birth and early 




WAYMAN CROW McCREERV. 



friend of General 



days, he became connected with the dry goods 
firm of Crow & McCreery, remaining with it for 
three years. He then entered the real estate 
business in partnership with Mr. James Towers, 
the firm name being iMcCreery cS: Towers, with 
offices at 705 Pine street. The firm continued 
as thus constituted for a period of twel\-e years, 
when Mr. Towers withdrew from the partner- 
ship, and Mr. McCreery continued in business 
alone, at 715 Chestnut street. There is no real 
estate agent in the West more highly respected 
or looked up to than 
Mr. McCreery. He 
has been appointed 
sole agent for the 
nuignificent Security 
Ihiilding on Fourth 
and Locust streets, 
iu which his offices 
are now located. His 
principal work dur- 
ing recent years has 
been the manage- 
ment and control of 
large and valuable 
estates, and he has 
lieen uniquely suc- 
cessful iu the plat- 
ting out and develop- 
ment of valuable 
tracts of land. He was 
i u practical control of 
the Concordia tract 
containing fourteen 
acres, which he sub- 
;)1(1 at a very substantial profit for 
He also negotiated the ninety-nine 
f the corner of Tenth and Olive 
the Bell Telephone 



divided and 

the owners. 

years' lease 

streets, now occupied by 

Company, and he is practically the pioneer of 

the long term system in this city. 

Mr. McCreery is now consulted by large cap- 
italists as to the best method of investing in 
St. Louis realt>-, and is known as one of the 
most impartial and conscrwative men in the 
city. His advice is invariably accepted, and 
his clients following it have almost invariably 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



made exceedingly handsome profits. Mr. Mc- 
Creer}- is now a \ery wealthy man, but he is 
kind and courteous to all, and may be regarded 
as a type of the business men who have forced 
St. Louis to the front and made it one of the 
most important cities in the world, commer- 
cially, socially and otherwise. He is a notary 
public, and, although not in practice as an 
attorney, is well read in real estate law. 

Mr. McCreery is a member of the Legion of 
Honor, and a very active worker in its behalf. 
A great deal of his spare time is devoted to 
music. He is the composer of the opera 
" L'Afrique," which was produced at the Olym- 
pic in 1880 with great success. He was also at 
the head of the St. Louis Musical Union in con- 
nection with Mr. Waldauer, and for upwards of 
seventeen years he has been musical director 
at Christ Church Cathedral, and he is also pres- 
ident of the St. Louis Glee Club. :\Ir. :Mc- 
Creer}- has always labored earnestly with a 
view of elevating the music of the city. 

He married in the year 1875 Miss Mary Louisa 
Carr, daughter of Dabney Carr, and grand- 
daughter of Judge Carr, so well known in East 
St. Louis. They have four children — ^lary 
Louisa, Christine, Wayman and Andrew. 

SiMMOXS, Staxlf.v Wells, son of Charles 
W. and Emily (White) Simmons, was born in 
New York City, in 1845. Mr. C. W. Simmons 
was a merchant in active business, and Stan- 
ley's early days were spent at Yonkers andTar- 
rytown, on the beautiful Hudson. His early 
education was received at the Collegiate Insti- 
tute at Yonkers and at the Paulding Listitute, 
Tarrytown. At the age of seventeen he entered 
upon his business career as clerk in a whole- 
sale millinery house in New York Cit}-, where 
he remained until 18(5(3, when, with his parents, 
he removed to Columbus, Ohio. 

Having now attained his majority he engaged 
with his father in the wholesale millinerj- busi- 
ness in their new home. At the expiration of 
five years, in 1871, Mr. Simmons severed his 
connection with his father and came to St. 
Louis. He here accepted a position with the 



wholesale millinery firm of Waters, Todd & Com- 
pany. This firm underwent several changes, 
and for some years previous to July 1, 1887, was 
known as Pratt, Todd & Company. At this 
time, Mr. Todd having died, Mr. Simmons be- 
came associated with Mr. Pratt, and the firm 
name was again changed to Pratt, Simmons & 
Krausnick, with much of the active management 
falling under ]\Ir. Simmons' care. 

Mr. Simmons is looked upon as an expert by 
members of the millinery trade. He is of good 
family, his father having served as secretary of 
the St. Louis Cotton Exchange and held several 
other important positions, but being one of 
twelve children, he had to a great extent to make 
his own way in the world, and he has climbed 
to the top of the ladder by combining tact and 
industry to a niaked degree. During the last 
fi\e years the volume of business transacted by 
his firm has more than doubled, but there has 
never been any confusion or anything in the way 
of a rush. By adopting a good system and ad- 
hering to it, Mr. Simmons has been able to map 
out a very ambitious programme, and then to 
set out and carry it to perfection in ever)- detail. 
He is a very prominent citizen of St. Louis, al- 
though of a somewhat retiring disposition. He 
resides at Webster Groves, owning one of the 
handsomest residences in that popular suburb. 
He is a member of the Mercantile Club and of 
other commercial associations. 

Mr. Simmons was married in I8(jy to Miss 
Rashil, of Columbus, Ohio. 

Atwood, Johx C, son of Dr. LeGrand and 
Mrs. E. J. Atwood, was born in the old Manna- 
duke mansion near ^Marshall, Saline county, 
Missouri, on June 3, 18(53. The Doctor is a na- 
tive of Cowan, and had resided up to the time 
of his marriage at Shelbyville, Tennessee. He 
moved to St. Louis while John C. was a boy, 
and it was in the public schools of St. Louis 
county that the latter was educated. At the age 
of sixteen he was nominated as a cadet mid- 
shipman in the United States navy. He passed 
the necessary examination at Annapolis, and 
received his appointment as a cadet midship- 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



539 



man in Jiint-, ISSO, just as he attained his sev- 
enteenth birthday. 

He at once entered the ser\ice on l)oard the 
United States steamship DaU\ and took a cruise 
on that vessel. In September, 1880, he returned 
to Annapolis and pursued his studies at that 
point with a \-ie\v to securing a commission as 
an officer in tlie United States navy. He con- 
tinued studying until April, 1883, taking a sum- 
mer cruise each year on the steamship Consfc/- 
latinn. After further traveling he came back 
to vSt. Louis, where 
h e was appointed 
clerk at the Lindell. 

He next became 
entry and bill clerk 
for a large whole- 
sale furniture and 
carjict house, and 
in Ma}-, l'S?>i), he 
again bettered his 
position by Ijecom- 
ing ganger in the 
United States Inter- 
nal Revenue service. 
Before he had held 
this position for more 
than a month lie was 
promoted to deputy 
collector of internal 
revenue for the first 
district of ^lissouri. 
He demonstrated his 
a])ility in this capac- 
ity so rapidly that 

four months later, when he was but twenty-two 
)-ears of age, he was made chief deput\- col- 
lector of internal revenue for the district, hav- 
ing the honor of being the youngest collector 
e\-er appointed. 

While acting as deputy collector he studied 
commercial law for a period of eighteen months 
at the St. Louis Law School, and, retiring from 
the internal revenue service in November, ISHU, 
accepted a position as assistant manager of the 
Xational Ammonia Company, which he still 
holds. Mr. Atwood, while \oung in years, has 



proved himself to 
ness man, and is 
the numerous 
to his office. 



l)e an exceedingly able busi- 
fully competent to discharge 
1 important duties which fall 



i 



Collins, Moxroe R., Jr., is a man whose 
name is familiar to most St. Louisans. He was 
born and reared in this city, and his family is a 
conspicuous one, he being the grand-nephew of 
Jesse and Peter Lindell, and one of the princi- 
pal heirs of the vast estate of that wealthy 
family. Especially 
is ]\Ir. Collins well 
j known in real estate 

circles, not only on 
account of the wide 
extent of his deals in 
that line, but also 
because of the rare 
business energy and 
a 1) i 1 i t >■ he has 
brought to bear on 
the business. 

He was born Feb- 
ruary 8, 1854, and 
received the finish- 
ing courses of his 
education at Wash- 
ington L'uiversity. 
On leaving school 
he entered on a mer- 
cantile career, be- 
ginning as a clerk 
in the wholesale gro- 
cery house of J. D. 
Wells & Company. In 187^1 he entered into a 
partnership with Delos R. Haynes, and together 
they embarked in the real estate business. This 
arrangement continued up to 1884, when the 
partnership was dissolved and he organized the 
firm of which he is the present head. 

He does a regular real estate business, rents, 
buys, sells, collects, acts as agent for investors, 
etc., and the hi.story of his transactions have 
been marked by the large number of important 
transfers he has closed and the number of big 
foreign investors he represents here. Remark- 




.MONkOH k. COLLINS, J«. 



o40 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



ably sound judgment has characterized all his 
moves in the real estate field, and to this is 
doubtless due his conspicuous success. Mr. 
Collins was induced by his friends several years 
ago to become a candidate for the House of 
Delegates. He was elected, and during his 
incumbency made a most efficient and able 
jiublic servant, acting as chairman of the ways 
and means committee and as speaker /ro tevi. 
Mr. Collins is a young man, and from what 
he has already accomplished gives great promise 
of rising to a high position in the commercial 
world. 

J.A.NNOi'OuU), Demetrius, Consul of Greece 
at St. Ivouis, Ro}al fireek Commissioner at the 
W^orld's Columbian E.xposition, and the most 
]:)rominent tent and awning manufacturer and 
merchant in the United States, i.s a man with a 
most interesting history. His discouragements 
have been sufficiently numerous to have broken 
the spirit of almost any man, but to him every 
trouble has been an incentive to further exer- 
tion, and as a result he has risen to a position 
of eminence and wealth which entitles him to 
the respect of the citizens of the country of his 
adoption, as well as the subjects of the King of 
(ireece, of which country Mr. Jannopoulo is a 
native. 

He was born in Thessaly, in Volo province, 
at the foot of the historical Mount Pelion. His 
father, Mr. John Jannopoulo, was one of the 
organization known as the ' ' Friends of Greece, ' ' 
and fought in the heroic struggle for liberty 
against the Turks, some seventy years ago. 
Although the struggle for liberty was in the end 
successful, the province of Thessaly, in which 
Mr. Jannopoulo resided, did not become a por- 
tion of the kingdom of Greece until after his 
death, so that he did not live to see the consum- 
mation of his most devout wish. 

Young Demetrius received a rudimentary edu- 
cation in Thessaly, and then went to Smyrna, 
Turkey, where he studied for a short time. He 
came on to this country when a mere boy. 
Landing in New York practically without funds, 
he sought a position and obtained one in a mer- 



cantile house, where he remained for about 
eighteen months. He then returned to Europe, 
rather as a visitor than otherwise, as he had 
fully determined to make the United States his 
permanent home. Connecting himself with a 
large exporting house in the English metropo- 
lis he traveled as a buyer for merchandise 
shipped to Europe and Asia, and it was during 
this time that he perfected himself in his educa- 
tion and became the master of several different 
languages, all of which he speaks fluently. 

After a year and a half of this work the firm 
with which he was identified closed up its busi- 
ness, and Mr. Jannopoulo returned to this coun- 
try. After a short sojourn in New York he 
went on to Chicago, where he was overtaken by 
the great fire, which consumed nearly all his 
earthly possessions. 

In November, 1^71, he came to St. I^onis, 
and purchased a patent covering a heating ap- 
paratus for buildings. He devoted his atten- 
tion to this work for about a year and a half, 
and then, finding insufficient scope for his 
energy, he, in the year 1873, started in the tent 
and awning business on a very small scale, on 
Market street, near Main. His capital was 
about three hundred dollars, and it was only his 
indomitable push and energy which enabled 
him to establish a business on such an insig- 
nificant foundation. Before many years had 
elapsed, however, he had the largest tent and 
awning business in the country, and for some 
years he has been absolutely at. the head of the 
profession, no other city in the country being 
able to compete with his house for large con- 
tracts. Combining exceptional commercial tact 
with unique inventive ability, Mr. Jannopoulo 
has made the very best of his opportunities. 
Twelve different patents on his own inventions 
have proved remarkably successful, and he was 
the first man in this line to introduce steam 
power and the latest improvements, so as to 
make it possible to manufacture tents on a whole- 
sale scale. During the great railroad building 
boom in the West and Southwest Mr. Janno- 
poulo supplied thousands of tents for use b\' the 
constructors, and he has also filled some excep- 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



541 



tionally large contracts for the United States 
government. On the occasion of the Grand 
Army of the Republic holding its encampment 
at Colnmbns, he shipped ten car-loads of tents to 
tliat town for the convenience of the old soldiers, 
and to many other cities for snch occasions. 

In liSSO the Market street premises being 
entirely outgrown, Mr. Jannopoulo leased a 
house on Chestnut street, and in the following 
year purchased the house, as well as some ad- 
joining property. On this land he built an 
addition four stories high, and completed the 
most complete and model tent and awning fac- 
tory in the world. Ten years after he had 
started in business with a nominal capital he 
incorporated his concern, with a capital of a 
hundred thousand dollars, retaining ninety-five 
]H>r cent of the stock, and being appointed 
jMesidcnt of the compau}-. The Jannopoulo 
Tent and Awning Company to-day is the largest 
concern of its kind in the United States, and 
its president also occupies the position of a dry 
goods commission man. In I.SST Mr. Janno- 
poulo contracted for the entire su])ply oi two 
large duck nrills, of which no one could 
purchase the product, except from him. In 
l.S'id the cotton duck mill at West Point, 
Oeorgia, sirspended in consequence of internal 
difficulties. Mr. Jannopoulo hurried down 
South, advanced the necessary money to reor- 
ganize the company, reopened the works, and 
was appointed president and treasurer. He 
ran the mills for about two years, and then dis- 
pi)sed of his interest. 

In 1X84 r^Ir. Jannopoulo took a trip to Europe, 
and on his return purchased a country residence 
at Webster Groves. He immediately drew up 
his own plans, superintended the construction 
of the house, and laid out the grounds, consist- 
ing of twenty-two acres, into a magnificent 
])ark and flower garden. He has expended 
about .seventy thousand dollars on this work, 
and his home is now the mo.st elegant in St. 
Louis county. 

AlK)ut two years ago Mr. Jannopoulo installed 
as mistress in this palatial home .Miss Helen 
Phiambolis, of Athens, Greece. The lady is 



the daughter of the minister of the Greek ()r- 
thodo.x Ciiurch in Chicago. On \-isitiug Clii- 
cago Mr. Jannopoulo made the acquaintance of 
Mr. Phiambolis" family, and, after a very short 
engagement, made Miss Phiambolis his wife. 

Among the marks of distinction which I\Ir. 
Jannopoulo has won in the course of his event- 
ful and honorable career may be mentioned the 
Greek consulship at St. Louis, which was given 
him about seven years ago, and also the decora- 
tion of the Cro.ss of Chevalier of the Royal 
Order of the Savior. This latter decoration is 
the most distinguished within the gift of the 
King, and it was given him in recognition of 
services to the Greek nation and to Greeks 
in America. He was also Royal (ireck Com- 
missioner at the World's Fair, and had the sat- 
isfaction of seeing the country of his birth carr\- 
off fifty-six awards. 

Locally, Mr. Jannopoulo is respected \ery 
highly, and, although still in the prime of life, 
has the satisfaction of knowing he has achieved 
an enviable destiny and li\ed a most honoraljle 
and u.seful life. 

J.\COB.SOX, Hen'RV, M.I)., is a rising young 
pliNsician whose talent and ability gives promis- 
ing indications of what he will some day accom- 
plish. He has i^assed his whole life in St. Louis, 
and it will very likely be the scene of his future 
and final jjrofessional triumphs. He is the son of 
Simon and Ernestine (Bresler) Jacobson, and 
was born in this city in 18()5, and is, therefore, 
at this date ( 18St4) but twenty-nine years of 
age. He received his primary education at the 
common schools, finishing at Washington Uni- 
versity, where he took the full course and grad- 
luited at the age of eighteen. 

Having previously determined to become a 
physician, as his tastes all inclined that way, he 
entered the ]Missouri Medical College, and after 
a three-years' course graduated therefrom in 
l<S.St) with high lionors. P'ollowing this grad- 
uation he passed a competitive examination and 
entered the City Hospital, where he remained 
for a year as assi.stant physician. Here lie gave 
the best of satisfaction. .\t the end of year 



542 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



left the City Hospital to take up similar position 
ill the Female Hospital, where he likewise re- 
mained a year, when he was appointed assistant 
physician at the City Dispensary, remaining in 
that place nntil May, 1892. It was here that 
he made a most enviable reputation, dealing 
with every variety of surgical and medical dis- 
ease with which he came in contact with uni- 
form courtesy, and treating the patients brought 
to the dispensary with such skill that all were 
convinced of his fitness for the office, as well as 
his ability as a physician. Although he is 
young in years, yet he is old in experience, the 
v.iriou.s public positions he has held being well 
adapted to giving the practice and experience 
so necessary to the making of the skillful phy- 
sician. 

It might safely be said that he has had more 
practical instruction in this way than could he 
obtained in a score of years in the course of or- 
dinary practice. He therefore has in his favor 
youth, experience, energy and knowledge, and 
it would be a surprise, indeed, did he not yet rise 
to a high place in the profession. His learning 
and ability have met with recognition from an- 
other quarter than the field of regular and hos- 
pital practice, and he is at present clinical pro- 
fessor of genito-urinary and rectal diseases at 
the College of Ph\'sicians and Surgeons, and 
also at Women's Medical College; he is like- 
wise attending surgeon and physician at Wom- 
an's Hospital. He is also surgeon for several 
in.surance companies, and being a believer in 
the theory that men of every calling should 
profit by the ideas of their fellow-men, he is ac- 
cordingly a member of the St. Louis Citv" 
Hospital Society and the St. Louis IMedical 
Society. 

Few physicians a score of years older than 
Dr. Jacobson have had his experience and prac- 
tice. His positions in public institutions have 
given him great opportunities — and practice 
is more than any other factor in medicine. Dr. 
Jacol)son was married in l.SiK) to Miss Laura 
Davis, an estimable and handsome young ladv 
of St. Louis, graduate of St. Louis Public High 
School. 



B.^UDUv, Jkrome Keating, M.D., son of Dr. 
Peter Bauduy and Amelia Keating, daughter of 
John Keating, of Ca.stle Keating, Limerick 
county, Ireland, who was most prominently 
identified with the Irish Brigade, and after 
removing to Philadelphia, was supposed to be 
the last surviving officer of the celebrated Irish 
Brigade, and the last who received the Cross of 
Louis XVI. Jerome was born in 1840 in Cuba, 
but came to this country with his parents when 
but ten days old. They settled in Philadelphia, 
where his father enjo}-ed a good practice in his 
chosen profession. 

His earl)- education was first obtained at 
Georgetown College, where he prepared himself 
for a more extensive course of study, and later 
he went to Belgium, where he pursued a course 
in classics for three years, subsequently finish- 
ing his course at the University of Louvian, 
graduating with distinguished honors and 
obtaining the academic degree of Bachelor of 
Philcsophy. Returningto Philadelphia in ISoit, 
he began the study of medicine as private stu- 
dent of Dr. -Vcosta, under whose instructions and 
guidance he was prepared to enter the medical 
department of the University of Pennsylvania, 
attending one session, when he matriculated in 
the Jefferson College of Medicine, of Phila- 
delphia, where he completed a three-years' 
course and graduated in l.S(;.'(. 

The Doctor entered the .\rmy of the Potomac, 
and was in the famous second battle of Bull Run. 
He was transferred to the Army of the Cumber- 
land and became attached to the staff of General 
Rosecraus. During his army career in 18til 
he was commissioned by President Abraham 
Lincoln second lieutenant of the Fourth Regi- 
ment Artillery, U. S. A. The Doctor resigned 
his connection with the army to engage in the 
practice of medicine. He turned his way to St. 
Louis about the year \Mh. One of the first 
positions the Doctor held in his new field of 
labor was that of physician-in-chief to St. 
Vincent's Hospital for the Insane. In this 
institution the Doctor retained his position for 
twenty-four years, made a success beyond the 
most sanguine expectations of those associated 



BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



543 



witli liiiu. He resigned the post of dut>' in 188!l. 
The Doctor treated nearly 2,000 inebriate 
patients, and rednced the mortality from seven- 
teen per cent to eleven per cent. This marvel- 
ous success was brought about by the Doctor 
changing the treatment from the old theory of 
administering opium, to the celebrated and 
more recent treatment of Anstie, of London. 
During the close of the year of the administra- 
tion of the old vSl. Louis County Court the 
Doctor was appointed visiting and consulting 
p h y s i c i a n to the 
t h e n S t . L o u i s 
County Lunatic 
Asylum, the present 
City Insane Asylum, 
which position he 
held for one \ear and 
resigned in conse- 
q u e n c e of t h c 
amount of time it 
cousiuned, thereby 
interfering with his 
general practice. 
He has held numer- 
ous other public 
positions for over 
twenty years. 

In ISTOthe Doctor 
was elected to the 
chair of professor of 
diseases of the mind 
and nervous system 
in the College of o^. j. k 

Physicians and Sur- 
geons. In 1.H71 he was elected to the same 
chair in the ^Missouri ?tledical College, and con- 
tinues to hold same. 

In bST'.t the Doctor delivered an address before 
the St. Louis University when he had conferred 
upon him the degree of LL.D. The tenor of 
his discourse on this occasion was the study of 
the "Cultivation of the Will-Power." The 
Doctor has written quite extensi\ely, and besides 
having contributed to nearly all the leading 
medical magazines and journals, both in this 
city and elsewhere, he published in 187(> a work 




on "Nervous Diseases," and since, at the 
repeated solicitations of his students and fellow- 
practitioners, he has edited a more complete 
work upon the same subject, having already 
published the first volume of this, the second 
edition; the second volume jiromises to complete 
a work which will be tliorough and exhaustive 
of the subject, iIk- whole the result of original 
research and constant study. 

In medico-legal matters the Doctor has figured 
quite prominently and ver)- successfully. He 
was very useful in 
developing the sali- 
ent points, and in- 
strumental in event- 
ually bringing about 
proper decisions in 
I lie celebrated Max 
K 1 i n g e r case, of 
1.S70, in which the 
question of epilepsy 
was extensively dis- 
cussed, and likewise 
has been identified 
in all celebrated 
cases in this and ad- 
joining States. 

The Doctor has 
figured prominently 
in all charitable 
works and instilu- 
lious, among wliich 
ma\- be mentioned 
„^^,„^,, his appointment as 

l)hysician to the 
\'isitation Academy, House of (iood Shepherd, 
Female Orphan .Asylum, under the Sisters of 
vSt. Joseph. The Doctor is a member of the St. 
Joseph Obstetrical and Oymecological Society, 
oi . which he was president in 1890, the 
Medico-Chirnrgical Association of St. Louis, 
tiie American Neurological Association, the 
New York Medico-Legal Society, American 
.Vssociation of INIedical Superintendents of 
Insane Asylums, and a prominent member of the 
(Irand Army of the Republic. 

In April last the Doctor distinguished him- 



544 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



self in the annual address delivered before the 
Alumni Association of the Jefferson Medical 
College, of Philadelphia. The Doctor married, 
in Nashville, Tennessee, Miss Caroline Bank- 
head, daughter of General Bankhead, of the 
United States Army, and related to army and 
navy people generally. They have an interest- 
ing family of eight children living, the oldest 
of which is Dr. W. K. Bauduy, a young and 
promising physician, now connected with the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons — a professor 
of neurology. The Doctor has seen the ins and 
outs of a long practice, both successful and 
lucrative, having practiced generally for almost 
a quarter of a century. He has now established 
a special practice of the diseases of the mind 
and nervous system. 

Hrppp;RT, William Emv.A.Ri). — One of the 
acti\'e and successful citizens of the South Knd 
of St. Louis, and one who is interested in a 
great variety of enterprises, is the gentleman 
above named, who is proud of the fact that his 
success is wholly due to his own energ)- and 
industry. The son of Jacob and Catherine 
(Stoehr) Huppert, he was born at Bethalto, 
Madison county, Illinois, November 2(3, 1S')!I, 
and attended the schools of his native place 
during his earlier childhood. When he was 
eleven years old his parents moved to Carondelet, 
and within a short time thereafter the son 
entered Jones' Commercial College, of this city, 
taking the full course within the short space of 
four months. His father had in the meantime 
gone into business in Carondelet, and after 
leaving school the son assisted him for about 
five years. After leaving his father he worked 
for a short time for John Krauss of this city, and 
for a few months at Terre Haute, Indiana, and 
then returning to St. Louis engaged himself as 
book-keeper to F. Ganahl, the lumberman, wath 
whom he remained about a year, and then 
accepted a position with the Klausmann Brewery 
Company. For this company he was clerk and 
book-keeper and assistant secretary successively, 
and on the death of Secretary Rathgeber was 
elected to his place, holding it until the brewery 



was absorbed by the syndicate in 18cS!i, when he 
was transferred to the Klausman Brewery branch 
as chief clerk and cashier. The place which he 
yet holds is a very responsible one, being next 
in importance to that of general manager, a 
position he has often filled in the absence of that 
ofTicer. Yet the brewery is by no means the 
only interest that occupies Air. Huppert's 
attention. He is a most public-spirited citizen, 
and has proved his local pride and iDatriotism 
b)- lending his time and investing his money in 
a great many Carondelet enterprises. One of the 
organizers and incorporators of the Carondelet 
Milling Company was Mr. Huppert, and he is 
now one of its directors and its secretary. He 
is also secretary of the Krauss Improvement and 
Investment Company, of which he was also one 
of the incorporators, holding a one-fourth inter- 
est. He did active work in the organization of 
the Southern Commercial Savings Bank, and is 
a director and its assistant cashier. Besides he 
is a director of the South End Building and 
Loan Association; is secretary of the board of 
directors of the Carondelet Germania Gymnastic 
Society; is a Royal Arch Mason and a Knight 
of Pythias. By industry and perseverance he 
has forced his way to the front, but attributes 
much of his success in life to his excellent wife, 
whom as Miss Anna K. Leiss, of St. Louis, he 
married January 11, 1881. 

Lange, Alexander P. — Alexander P. Lange, 
the prosperous manufacturer, and secretary of 
the Lange Fence and Wire Company, was born 
in this city and has spent his whole life here. 
June 1, 18(iH, was the day on which he first .saw 
the light, and it will thus be seen that he is still 
in his youth. He was given a good education 
by his parents, attending the common schools 
of the city. Smith's Academy and the St. Louis 
High School. This was followed by the full 
courses at the St. Louis Manual Training 
School, from which he graduated with a fund of 
knowledge that has proved of exceptional utility 
to him in his business relations. After the com- 
pletion of his education, feeling that he had a 
taste for commercial pursuits he entered the 



/.'A ^CRAPIflCAL APJ'ICNPIX. 



54S 



i.-mplo\- of llu- Lu(lli)\v-,Sa\lor \\\\x- C<iin])aii\-. 
Aflt-r a term of two \ears had hctu spent in the 
service of tliis company, inihicements were 
offered liim 1)\- the Freeman Wire Com])any, 
and he, lieini;- aml)itions and e\cr-alert for 
ad\ancement, accepted. This position lie held 
three )-ears, diirintj that time saving every siir- 
jilus cent of his wages, and applying his whole 
energy to learning thoronglily every detail of 
the process of wire mannfacture. vSo success- 
ful Iv did he apply himself to these ends, that 
he was" enabled to resign his position and enter 
business forhimself at theend of thejicriod above 
named. Throngh his industry and efft)rt the 
Lange Fence and Wire Comi)any was t)rganized, 
and in April, ISilt), opened for business with 
oflfices on Franklin avenue. The business is 
incorporated under the laws of Missouri, with a 
cajiital of >;l(),(l()(), with William B. Lauge, 
president, and Alexander 1'. lyange, secretary. 
The company engages in a general manufactur- 
ing business, its principal (lutput being wire 
fences, elevator inclosni-es, scroll work, bank 
railings, window guards, etc., and it is largely 
throngh the technical knowledge of Air. .Alex- 
ander P. I.ange that the business has been 
administered so successfully. He is a young 
man of remarkable energy, which, united with 
good judgment and natural business capacitx', 
augurs that he will attain a high success in the 
commercial world if the usual span of life is 
allowed him. 

Lri'.llKMANX, ClIAKI.H.S F. , SOU of Henry H. 
and .Mar\- ( Me^■er ) Luehrmann, was liorn at 
West Oldendorff, (knmany, March IC, bs;'.-"'. 
lie came to this country with his parents when 
under three years of age, and the\- settled in 
Cincinnati, Ohio, where he attended the ])nl>lic 
schools until twelve years of age, when he was 
aiijireuticed to a carpenter to learn that busi- 
ness. He ser\-ed for three \ ears, and when se\- 
enteen years of age moved to .St. Louis, where 
he obtained employment as a journeyman. 

At the outbreak of the war he enlisted as a 
volunteer on the ninety-days' call in the b'onrth 
Missouri Infantry Regiment, and at the expira- 



tion of the ninet\- days he received a couunission 
as captain in the Ivlexenth Regiment, Comi)an\- 
G, Mis.souri Infantry. On being nnistered out 
he returned to his trade as carpenter. 

.After working a short time at the bench and 
comi^leting his education in this line, he decided 
to enter into business for him.self, and joining 
an elder brother started a planing mill. The\ 
continued in partnership for eleven years, dur- 
ing which time the establishuu-nl was burned 
out, incurring a loss of s IK, (ion. Xothing 
daunted by this calamitx' Mr. Luehrmann started 
afresh, and bv dint of untiring energy and most 
careful economy he was soon able to get himself 
again in a sound financial condition, and to 
liquidate every obligation which existed at the 
time of the fire. 

This high-spirited aiul vigorous man ])ro- 
ceeded to build a new mill of double capacitN'. 
Aided b\- the \ery best machinery that money 
could inu'chase, an enormous amount of work 
was turned out, and from the commencement 
nothing but the highest class of goods were 
produced. Mr. Luehrmann continued in busi- 
ness until I'STi), when he sold out, and since that 
time he has confined his attention exclusively 
to the lumber business. 

For about thirteen years after the date named 
he was in the commission business, building up 
one of the largest trades the West has ever seen, 
and he then opened a hardwood lumberyard on 
Carroll and Kosciusko streets, near the Iron 
Mountain freight depot, where he is still in 
business. 

He has established a i-ei)ntation for first- 
class work as well as for integrity which makes 
him at once the eiuy of his ri\als, and he has 
no dilTicult\- in securing as much business as 
even his enormous establishment can easily 
attend to. 

Mr. Luebrmaun married, in the year ls;)(;. 
Miss Louise Kurtz, of St. Louis, and had two 
children, both daughters. His wife died in 
IS(U, and he subsequently married Miss Mary 
Welker, of this city. By his second marriage 
he has had a famih- of six — all boys— three of 
whom died in intancv. 



54fi 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



IMansur, Alvah, was born in Lowell, Mass- 
achusetts, December .'), l.s;5;5. His father, also 
named Alvah Mansur, came from the little town 
of Wilton, in the hills of New Hampshire, where 
his ancestors had lived since early colonial days. 
He came to Lowell early in its history, attracted 
thither by the prospect of the upbuilding of a 
flourishing manufacturing center, by reason of 
its great natural water power, then being im- 
proved. Here he engaged in the manufacture 
of woolens, and became prominent in many 
enterprises in the early life of the city. 

Elizabeth Wood, the mother of the subject of 
this sketch, was a native of Massachusetts, and 
her family also for several generations had lived 
in that state. The present Alvah Mansur was 
educated in the public schools of Lowell, and 
fitted for Harvard University at Phillips' Acad- 
emv, .\ndover, Massachusetts, under Samuel H. 
Tavlor, but never entered, preferring to engage 
at once in the active business of life. 

Believing that the largest commercial center 
contained the largest commercial prizes, he left 
his native cit}' and accepted a clerkship in a 
wholesale importing hardware house in New 
York city, where he served for three years, when, 
catching the western fever, he migrated to Illi- 
nois, embarking in the hardware business at 
Moline. Here he continued until IHJil, when 
somewhat bruised from the general shakingupby 
the great financial disaster of 1857, and still fol- 
lowing Horace Greeley's advice, he again started 
westward, crossing the plains (now the states of 
Kansas, Nebraska and Wyoming) by team, to the 
so-called Pike's Peak country in search of gold. 
Returning to Moline the same year with nothing 
gained save, perhaps, something in experience, 
he entered the employ of John Deere, the pio- 
neer plow manufacturer of the West. 

In this employment he continued until the 
outbreak of the rebellion, when he assisted in 
raising a company of men in response to Presi- 
dent Lincoln's first call for three-months' troops. 
So many more tendered their services than were 
called for that all were not accepted, and his 
company was among the latter. Under the sec- 
ond call "for three years, unless sooner dis- 



charged," however, he entered the service with 
his company, the Nineteenth Illinois Infantry, 
and followed the fortunes of the .\rmy of the Cum- 
berland for nearly three years. At the close of 
the war he spent four years in the then territory 
of Colorado, engaged in quartz mining and mill- 
ing, with a fair measure of success. 

In IHHit, forming a copartnership with his old 
employer, he opened an agricultural im])lement 
house in Kansas City, Missouri, under the name 
of Deere, Mansur & Company. In l.'>74 he opened 
a similar house in St. Louis, and under the same 
name, but having an additional associate in the 
person of his brother-in-law, IMr. L. B. Tebbetts. 
These two houses he continued to run until l-SiK), 
when he sold his interest in the Kansas City 
house, at same time buying Mr. Deere's inter- 
est in the St. Louis business. Then was organ- 
ized the Mansur & Tebbetts Implement Com- 
pany, which still continues, with Mr. Mansur as 
its president. In the year 187(i, together with 
Mr. Charles H. Deere, at Moline, Illinois, he 
commenced the manufacture of agricultural im- 
]5lements, under the corporate name of Deere 
(S: Mansur Company, which still continues, 
with Mr. Mansur as vice-president and a large 
owner. He is president of the Forest Park 
Improvement .\ssociation, which company gave 
to St. Louis the beautiful semi-suburban re- 
treat which includes Westmoreland and Port- 
land places. 

He is an acti\e director in the .\nierican Kx- 
change P>ank, in the St. Louis Trust Comjjany, 
the Crystal Plate Cilass Company, and the St. 
Louis Pair Association. He is also an active 
member of the Commercial Club, and its vice- 
president. His other clubs are the St. Louis 
and the Noonday. 

Mr. Mansur has shown an intelligent interest 
in e\-ery movement for the betterment of St. 
Louis during the last quarter of a century. His 
standing in commercial and financial circles is 
very high, and he is one of the reliable, con- 
servative, and at the same time enterprising, 
men who have helped to give to St. Louis in- 
stitutions their deservedly high reputation in all 
j)arts of the country. 




--^^:^^-^ .^/^ 



BIOGRAPIIICAI. APPENDIX. 



54; 



Allkx, En.Mrxi) Thompsox, is <iiie of tla- 
most successful lawyers in the West, and his 
reputation as a corporation attorney isexception- 
allN' hio;h. Like many other men who achieved 
great success, he graduated from the newspaper 



]irogress when lie devotcf 
practice of the law, and 1 
pointed land commissioner, 
the war he ])racticed alon 
then enteied into i)artnersl 



entire tune to 
■as sjiecdih' ap- 
niiK-diately after 

St. l,ouis, and 
rt-illi Mr. James 



ranks. For several years he was 


a short-hand 


K. Knight, wIk 


reporter on the vSt. Louis papers. 


.\t that lime 


of the' Circuit C 


short-hand writers were less nun 


K-rous oil the 


several vears Ik 


])ress than they are now, and A 


r. .\llen was 


F:dgar L. Maisl, 


much appreciated, for his rapid 


stenographic 


York Citv. Oi 


work. For a year or two after the war he was 


Allen >S: ALirsto 


associated with Mr. 






L. L. Walbridge in 








short-hand work in 








the civil courts of 
St. Louis. He thus 




.^" 




acquired an iiisi^lu 








into ^Missouri jirac- 








tice which, po.ssil)l\, 




W^"^ 


could not have been 




Pr * 


^^ .. 


better ol)taiued i u 




1: 




aii\- other wa\-, aii<l 






when he resumetl 








the practice of his 








]n'ofession, he did so 




, ; 


with main- ach'auta- 


^^ 


^^||g|gg| 


t 


ges in his fa\or. 


M 


■^^^ 


•r 


Mr. Allen is alK.ut 








fifty-eight years of 








age,lia\-iiigl)eeiiborii 








iuFairhaven, Massa- 








chusetts, August 10, 








l-'^ot). His parents, 
-Mr. Kdmuiid a 11 d 
Mrs. Sarah R. ( Free- 










III).-\LNI) THOIPSON ALLEN. 


man ) Allen, jdaced him in the W 


llistou Semi- 


egraph Compan 


nar\- after he had recei\ 


ed the 


rudimeuts of 


the Harrison W'l 



1 was subsequently elected clerk 
)urt. .\fter practicing alone for 
' formed a paTtnership with .Mr. 
)ii, who is now a banker in New 
the dissolution of the firm of 
1, the remaining member took 
into the firm his 



education in the public schools and 111 the 
I'"riends Academy at New Bedford. 

F'rom tlie celebrated East Hampton seat of 
learning he entered Yale and graduated in the 
class of IS.'m. After obtaining his degree he 
was admitted to the bar at New Bedford, Ma.ssa- 
cliusetts, and there entered into general i)ractice. 
He came to St. Louis in August, l<Sli;-5. 

Of his success as a .stenographer, we have al- 
ready si)okeu. He was equally rapid in liis 



dr. Clifford B. 
, who gradu- 
froiu Vale in 



jnacnce e\er since. 
Mr. .Mien has acted 
as altorue\-, director 
and secretary of the 
CvNstal Plate Glass 
Company , as director 
of the South St. Louis 
Iron Company, and 
president of I li e 
ISrusli l-;k-ctric Light 
.\ssociation, the first 
comi)aii\- to intro- 
duce electric light- 
ing into this cit\'. 
He has also served 
as attorne\- for the 
Wesleni I'liion Tcl- 
Mounlain Compaiu', 
Chouteau, Har- 
(1 the b'armers' 



th 



Coiii]>; 
rison ,S: \'alle Iron Coiiii 
Loan and Trust Comi)aiiy. 

.Vfter his appointment by the I'liiled States Cir- 
cuit Court as special master in chancer}- in the 
Wabash Railroad foreclosure proceedings, he de- 
voted a large part of his time to the important ques- 
tions which arose in that case, the determination 
of which occupied between four and five years. 

While exceedingly attached to his profession, 
Mr. .VUen has been interested in scientific studies 



548 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



and is a member of tlie St. Louis Academy of 
Science. He has been president of tlie .St. 
Louis Bar Association, and of tlie St. Louis 
Civil Service Reform Association. 

In 1863, four j-ears after his admission to the 
bar, Mr. Allen married Miss Sylvia T. Kowen, 
of Fairhaven, Massachusetts. 

Mr. and Mrs. Allen have three children, Clif- 
ford B., to whom reference has already been 
made, Kdniund and .Anna M., who is now 
the wife of Dr. L. T. Stevens, of this city. 

Mersman, Otto 
L., a member of the 
firm of Nelson. iS: 
Mersman, is a highly 
educated young pro- 
fessional man who, 
after an extensive 
tour through Europe 
and a brief connec- 
tion withcominercial 
life, identified him- 
self with the real es- 
tate interests of this 
city, and has easih- 
demonstrated the 
fact that he is well 
adapted for the pro- 
fession of his choice. 
The firm of Nelson 
& Mersman has not 
been connected with 
any sensational boom 
movements. It is oi ki i 

rather regarded as a 

conservative and reliable house, and the inter- 
ests entrusted to its care are very large. 

Mr. Mersman is about thirty years of age, 
having been born in St. Louis, September 18, 
18<>4. His parents were Joseph J. and Claudine 
C. (Crusbar) Mersman. After a preliminary 
educational training he entered Washington 
University, whence he graduated with honors 
at the age of twenty. He became connected with 
the Pacific Oil Company, of which he was presi- 
dent, when, in 1.S8S), it was absorbed by the 
Standard ()il C>nniian\-. 




Mr. Mersman then entered into partnership 
with Mr. William P. Nelson, who for about fif- 
teen \ears had been conducting business under 
the style of W. P. Nelson & Company, and 
Gray & Nelson. Aluch of the hard active work 
of the business has fallen to the \'ounger mem- 
ber, who enjoys the confidence of a large num- 
ber of in\-estors and property holders. Natu- 
rally refined and intelligent, Mr. Mersman has 
the entree into the best society circles of the 
city. He is a member of the Mercantile, Noon- 
day, St. Louis and 
Jockey cluljs, and 
takes an intelligent 
interest in local en- 
terprises of every 
character. He is 
also secretar\' of the 
St. Louis Country 
Polo Club, and is 
quite an expert polo 
player. He is a di- 
rector in the Impe- 
rial liuilding Ciiui- 
pan\ , which owns 
the I'nion Trust 
Building, the finest 
office building in the 
cit\-, and also a di- 
rector in the Mer- 
chants N a t i o n a 1 
Bank. 

:^^^ In October, 1S77, 

ii.i_,,,^,^^ he married Miss 

Mary vScudder, the 
daughter of Mr. John A. Scudder, of St. lA)uis. 
Mr. and Mrs. Mersman lia\-e three children, 
Scudder, Isabel and Otto L. The family re- 
sides in a very handsome residence. No. 71 
\'andeventer place. 

Mr. Mersman has had the ad\antage of an 
European tour. Before starting in commercial 
life he spent a \ear in the principal capitals of 
the old world, and gained valuable ideas and 
experience, of which he has since made full 
use in his successful business and professional 
career. 



BIOCRAPHICAI. APPENPIX. 



549 



JoHXSox, Mosi.-.s I'., was Ix.ni in Ilnl.l.avd- 
sloii, MassacluiSL-tt-s, Alaich i', l.s.j-i. Mis latlitT, 
David L. Johnson, was a leading citizen of the 
place, though a man of moderate circumstances. 
His mother's maiden name was Lois Wilbur. 
Her family is one of the best known in Massa- 
chusetts. Its founder came from Kngland in 
the latter part of the seventeenth century, among 
the earliest settlers of the state, and the family 
has been conspicuous in its history ever since, 
and its members are among the wealthiest peo- 
ple in lioston. 

Mr. Johnson was 
educated in the pub- 
lic schools and be- 
came clerk in a coun- 
try store when about 
fifteen years old. At 
the end of two years , 
he was offered the 
uuiuagement of the 
business. He had, 
however, caught the 
western fever. He 
declined the offer, 
came west, reaching 
.St. Lmiis in Febru- 
ary, 1.S7I. He se- 
cured a place in the 

^c C.regory, on Main 
street, as stock clerk. 
He remained in this 
capacity long 
enough tothoroughl\' k 
started out to sell good 



chuK-ry business. I 'pen tlu- death of Mr. Robert, 
in l.S.sr., Mr. Johnson bought out the interest of 
his estate and shortly after incorporated the 
business under its ])reseut name, the Moses P. 
Johnson .Machinery Com])auy, of wliich l)usi- 
ness he is chief owner and numager. 

He was married in l-STT, to Miss Marv Petti- 
grew, a dangliterof one of ,Sl. Louis' oldest citi- 
zens. This unit)n has been ble.ssed with a large 
famil\- of interesting children. The familv now 
li\es on Plymouth avenue, in a roomy mansion, 
which, with its spa- 



cious 



(Is 




ontljuildings, repre- 
sents in part the sub- 
stantial success of 
his career. 

.Mr. Johnson is a 
Repul)lican, and al- 
though not a politi- 
cian, is always ready 
to do his part in the 
])erformance of jMib- 
licdulies. Heisjusl 
l)ast fort\-, but looks 
much younger; of 
slight, but rather 
delicate build, his 
face still retaining 
its l.)o\ish fresliness. 
His ai)])earai)ce 
liardK indicates the 



MO.SKS p. JOHNSON. 



lehusiues.-., andtneu 
traveling salesman. 
He was given a territory in the .southwest which 
lay largely off therailroad, and his trips were gen- 
erally much by wagon. He succeeded in build- 
ing up a large and profitable trade for his hou.se 
through a countrv which had been considered 
almost be\ond reach. 

He remained with the same firm until l^i'^O, 
when, after a successful and profitable career as 
drv goods salesman, he formed a partner- 
ship witli William ,S. Robert, in the ma- 



>f w: 



^ful bus 
ends, w 
le nuini 



which 
him at tl 
iness. He 
lom he ha> 
ler. 



iced 
.)f a 
irge 



T.wi.oK, I).\.\ii:i. S. — This young 'out very 
successful attornex- is a vSt. I.,ouisan in e\er\- 
sense of the word. Xot only was he born in 
this cilv, but his father was twice cit\- treasurer, 
and also occupied the position of mayor with 
marked ability. In the days when the river 
trade was at its height, Mr. Daniel S. Taylor, 
.Sr., was a ])rominent steamboat man with nincli 



550 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



influence among the river fraternity. Mrs. 
Taylor was formerly Miss Emily Le Beau, a 
member of one of the oldest French families of 
St. Louis. 

Mr. Taylor was born April 23, 18(i.s, and is 
hence not yet twenty-seven years of age. His 
parents being desirous of giving him a first- 
class education, sent him to the Notre Dame 
University at South Bend, Indiana, where he 
took a scientific course and graduated in 1.SS4. 
Continuing his education, he spent .several years 
on a protracted tour throughout tlie United 
States, remaining for a considerable period in 
California. 

In IHiK) he returned to St. Louis and entered 
the Law School, where he graduated in DSiU. 
He immediately established himself in general 
practice and has now § large clientage. Al- 
though a Democrat In- conviction, and taking a 
lively interest in legislation, .Mr. Taylor is not 
a politician, preferring to devote his entire ener- 
gies to his profession, and believing that law 
and politics cannot successfully run hand in 
hand. He is a member of the Noonday, ]Mer- 
cantile. University and Jockey clubs, and is a 
very popular man in commercial and legal 
circles. 

On December 9, ISiil, Mr. Taylor married 
Miss Emma Whitelaw, daughter of Mr. (yeorge 
T. Whitelaw, of this city. Mr. and Mrs. 
Taylor have one child. 

IjOOTh, Daviij S., was born in Enter])rise, 
McDonald county, Missouri, on April l>, 1 >>(>;). 
His father, David S. Booth, Sr., was from good 
old Quaker stock, his early ancestors having 
come to this country in company with William 
Penn. He was born in Philadelphia. Pennsyl- 
vania, where his father was a practicing physi- 
cian of prominence, but in his early years he 
came west and located in Southwest Missouri. 

His mother was Miss Cyntliia (rrounds, whose 
parents were Pennsylvania Dutcli, but came 
west and settled near Eredericktown, Missouri. 

Young Booth received his early education at 
the High vSchool at Sparta, Illinois, whither 
his father moved when he was but a vear old. 



Having pursued a classical course, he graduated 
with high honors in June, 1882. He pursued 
the post-graduate course, preparatory to enter- 
ing the Southern Illinois Normal University, 
where he completed his literary education. 

Dr. Booth early manifested a desire for the 
study of medicine, and in 1883 he attended 
lectures at the St. Louis ^Medical College, where 
he graduated in 188(), the latter tweh'e months 
of wliich time he spent in the office, as a private 
pupil, of Dr. H. H. Mudd. He immediately 
went to Palestine, Texas, having accepted the 
position of assistant house physician and phar- 
macist of the International and Great Northern 
Railway Hospital, a part of tlie ilissouri Pacific 
Railway Hospital system. He held this position 
until the latter part of 188(i, when he was trans- 
ferred to the Missouri Pacific Railway Hospital at 
St. Louis, Missouri. In 1887 he was appointed 
surgeou-in-charge of the Palestine, Texas, Hos- 
pital. Early in 1888 the International & 
Great Northern Railway went into the hands of 
receivers, and for several months he was acting 
chief surgeon of that railway, and after tlie 
nominal appointment of a chief surgeon, a posi- 
tion to which he was ineligible on account of 
his youth, he was retained as surgeon-in-cliarge, 
with a salary in excess of any other ofhcer in 
the hospital department, resigning Ajn-jl 1. 
18851. 

He located in Webster (irnxes, Missouri, but 
remained only tliree months, when he moved 
witli his father to Belleville, Illinois, where lie 
practiced for more than a year. In April, LsiH, 
he became assistant to Dr. Charles H. Hughes, 
with whom he is still associated, though finding 
time to attend to a growing private practice. He 
is consulting physician to the Missouri Pacific 
Railway Hospital department, and was clin- 
ical instructor of neurology, psychiatry- and 
neuro-therapy in the Marion-Sims Medical Col- 
lege until 1>^!'2, when he resigned to become 
identified with the Barnes Medical College in 
the same capacity-. He is a member of the Na- 
tional Association of Railway Surgeons, and of 
the ^lississippi Valley Medical Association. He 
is associated editoriallv with tlie Alienist and 



RTOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 



551 



Xciiro/(\o;/s/, of wliich 1il- is liusiness inaiias^t-v. 
Dr. Booth nianied, June .'iO, l.s;i2, Miss 
Basniath Ariadne, dano;hter of Dr. Wasliinj^ton 
West, of Belleville, Illinois. 

H.wcK, EuGEXK P., is a native of St. Louis, 
where he was born on October 1:^, l.*<.")i), his 
parents being Charles F. and Antonie Hauck. 
Dr. Hauck received his education in his nati\c 
cit\-, and his first entry into business was in 
the dru.y; line in 1^74. He soon yearned for the 
wider field of medi- 
cine, and educated 
himself for his pro- 
fession, which lias 
recei\-ed his undi- 
\i(lecl attention ever 
since. He has been 
practicing medicine 
since ISSd. His 
father, the late Dr. 
Charles F. Hauck, 
was a very prominent 
ph\sician who came 
to .St. Louis in 1S47 
and died in LS^'i. 

The doctor natu- 
rally took his father's 
])lace, and tt)-day he 
has a very e.\teiisi\e 
family practice, de- 
\oting considerable 
attention to obstet- I 

rics, gvnrecologvand 

^- , , .''- llqem: 

diseases of children. 

Dr. Hauck is a member of the St. Louis .Med- 
ical vSociety, the .Medico-Chirurgical Society, 
.American Medical Society, and Mississippi \'al- 
le\- Medical Association. He was at one time 
chief physician for the treatment of diseases of 
children at the South Side Dispensary. When 
first starting out in practice he was for along time 
first assistant ph\-sician and surgeon at the Cit\' 
Hospital, and later held the same position at the 
Female Hospital. 

The Doctor was formerly a director of the 
Gennania Club, and one of its leading members 




lor fifteen \ears. He is now a member of the 
Liederkranz, the I'nioii Club, a director and 
examining physician of the (ierman Mutual 
Life Insurance Company. 

Dr. Hauck was married to Miss Tony Metz, 
of Omaha, Nebraska, on .May lH, bS.SS. His 
wife is the daughter of Hon. Fred. ]\Ietz, the 
well-known brewer and president of the Germ.in 
National Bank of that city. The Doctor has 
his office in his residence at the southeast cor- 
ner of Jefferson avenue and Whittemore ])lace. 

T.\l S.src,, (iEOKGH 

W. — .\inong the tal- 
ented members of 
the local bar, .Mr. 
George W. Taussig 
occupies a promi- 
nent i)ositioii. He 
has been practicing 
as an attorney for 
about twenty-two 
years, and during 
that time he has 
made for him.self a 
large circle of friends 
as well as built up a 
Incratixe and exten- 
si\e practice. Nat- 
urally adapted for 
the legal profession, 
he has taken a per- 
sonal delight in the 
study of law and is 
thoroughly posted 
on all ]ioiiits and in 
islatioii. Mr. Taiissie 



(ALCK. 



fed 



all state 

was born in this cit\- on Independence Da)-, 

1S.'>1. His father was Mr. Charles T. Taussig, 

a native of .\iistria, who was engaged for 

some years in this city as a merchant. His 

mother was, prior to her marriage. Miss Annie 

Abeles. 

Ha\ing decided to adopt the legal profession 
he iininediately entered the Law School. He 
was admitted to the bar in 1X72, and practiced 
alone for several years. During the present 
vear he has as.sociated himself with Mr. S. C. 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



15ra.L;a\v and .Mr. L. K. HiiiUni, establisliino" the 
firm of Taussii^, Braj^aw (S: Hiutoii. 

( )ii Deceinljer l.'>, lissi;, Mr. Taussig married 
Miss .\iiiia Wriglit, of Cincinnati, and lie now 
resides witli his family at Kirkwood. 

SP.AtiNHORST, Henry J., .son of .\dara H. and 
Anna Maria (Tiemeyer) vSpaunhorst, wa.s born 
Jannary 10, l-S-iS, in Behn township, near ( )sna- 
bnick, Kingdom of Hanover, now Prnssia. His 
parents came to .\merica when he was seven years 
old, first locating 
in Louisville, K\-., 
thence coming tovSt. 
Louis in February, 
1. s;'> 7. The\- remained 
in tliis city for six 
vears, during which 
H e n r \- a 1 1 e n d e d 
school at the old Ca- 
thedral and such 
parochial schools as 
then existed. He re- 
mained at school un- 
til he was ten years 
of age. His parents 
then m o v e d to 
Franklin county, 
Missouri, wdierethey 
located on a farm, 
and subsequen tl >• 
moved to Washing- 
ton, Missouri. His 
father died there in 
1870, aged sevent\- 
two. Hismotherdied in LS!H),aged ninet\- \ears. 

Young Spaunhorst served his term at Plant's 
Mill to learn the trade of miller, and during the 
Mexican war took a position as clerk in a gro- 
cery store. He afterwards returned to liis par- 
ents' home in Franklin county, Mi.s.souri, where 
he remained until I.S4N, when he returned to 
St. Louis, where he has since resided. 

In l«-i!l he .secured a position as porter, after- 
wards as clerk, in the wholesale grocery house 
of Mc]\Iechan & Ballentine, with whom he re- 
mained until ix."i2. In the fall of that vear he 




HENRV J. >F.AL'NHORST 



entered into partnership with Mr. Joseph Hack- 
nu^nn and Henry Petring, under the firm name of 
Spaunhorst & Company, carrying on a whole- 
sale grocery business for twenty-five vears. Siib- 
seciuently the firm was changed to Spaunhorst 
iS: Hackmann, and continued until bs77, when 
the firm cjuit and wound up its business, Mr. 
Spaunhorst turning his attention to general 
office, notar)- and probate btisiness. 

Mr. Spaunhorst was elected a director of the 
Life Association of America in LS(;s,and con- 
tinued in that office 
until its winding up. 
In l.S7."> he became 
president of the Cen- 
tral Savings Bank; 
and he was one of 
the organizers of the 
iMankliu Fire and 
Marine Insurance in 
lx.">.'), of which he is 
still vice-president; 
also of the Franklin 
Savings Institution. 
In 1^7;'), at a con- 
vention held in De- 
troit, .Michigan, he 
was elected jiresi- 
dent of the (lerman 
Ro man Catholic 
Central Societv of 
the United States, a 
position he held for 
eighteen consecutive 
years, and when in 
l-'^l'l he retired, he was elected honorary presi- 
dent of that organization for life. He was also 
a member of the great Catholic Congress at Balti- 
more, and subsequently on the executive com- 
mittee for the Columbian Congress. In connection 
with his labors on behalf of the German Catho- 
lics in America, he organized the Aiucrilca, 
and was president of the corporation until in 
1^<7(), when he resigned. He was one of the 
founders of the (lerman St. \'incent Orphan 
.\ssociation, of which he has been an officer 
from l.s.')2. In ISilli he organized the St. Joseph 



niocR. ii'uiCAi. Arni-.xnix. 



Bene\-olent Societ>-, and lias l)et'n its ]ircsi- 
(Ifut ever since; lie was for many years president 
of the npper conncil of the Society of wSt. Vin- 
cent de Paul. In IsiiT he was elected to the 
state senate from the tliirt\-tliird district, hein.i^ 
re-elected in ISd'.), and making a s]ileiulid record 
dnrinij- his two terms. The insurance laws of 
our state are his work. He was a member of 
the Constitutional Convention of IST.'i, and in 
l.SSl was ap])()iiite(l l)y (iovernor Crittenden 
lal)or commissioner, a position he held until 
I'SS;;, when lie resigned. 

In l.'^iJl Mr. Spaunhorst married Miss Cather- 
ine Richter, of vSt. Louis, who died two years later. 
.Mr. Spaunhorst afterwards married Miss Anna 
P>ruiismanii,of St. Louis. Tliey ha\-efonrchildreii 
li\ing, namely : Rosa, Aoatlia, .Vniia and Heiirv. 

.Mr. Spaunhorst at this time holds several re- 
sponsible positions; in ISNl ht- was elected secre- 
tary of the "Widow and Orphan Fund of the 
Crerman Roman Catholic Central Society" of 
the I'liited States, which position he still holds; 
the latter organization numbering 4i!l) societies 
with .")7, .')()() members throughout the Ignited 
States. Mr. Spaunhorst is director and vice- 
president of the Catholic Publishing Societ\-, 
and now past sixtv -six. It is moi'e than fifty- 
sex'eii years since he came to vSt. Louis, then a 
comparatively small place. 

l>R<i\V.\KI.I., HkxJ.\MIX H., son o{ Charles and 
Luc\ (Adams) Hrowiiell, was born .March Hi, 
I'Sfi', at Tro\ , Xew York, in which city his 
father was in linsiness as a builder. He was a 
bright, intelligent boy, and made good progress 
in the Tro\' public schools, where he remained 
until si.xteen )-ears of age. On leaving school 
he set to work at once to learn the tailoring 
business, commencing in a Troy house. In 
1>>()4, although still a resident of Troy, b\ 
special order of Adjutant-(ieneral Townsend, he 
enlisted in the Second Illinois Light .\rtiller\ 
and served for nine months, when, actixe warfare 
being o\er, he was mustered out. 

Mr. P.rownell came at once to St. Louis, where 
hisl)rollu-r,Ca])laiii Frank Hrownell, theavenger 
of Colonel I'Usworth, was then stationed. He 



jiaid a short visit to his brother and then ac- 
ce])led a position as cutter in the taihning 
establishment of Tichnor .X: Company. In LsCii; 
he went into the tailors' trimming business, but 
in the following year returned to his own trade 
and worked for I). vS. Thompson till the year 
l.S(;!i. He then went into the eiiiplo\- of I). R. 
.Sunickner, with whom he remained for three 
years, and in 1.S72, having saved considerable 
money from his earnings, he opened a merchant 
tailoring establishment at 71-H Olive street. He 
was e\en then, twent\' years ago, an expert in 
the trade, and it was not long before he had 
bitilt \\\i a \-alnabIe business. In the year l^^TT 
he secured a lease on the f|narlers he now occu- 
l)ics. Til) Oli\e street, for a period of ten years, 
and in D^'SS he .secured a further lease, remodel- 
ing the premises according to his own ideas. 
The result is that his show-rooms are the finest 
and most modern of any in the I'nited States. 

.Mr. P>rownell carries only the finest lines of 
ini])orled and domestic cloths and suitings, and 
his styles are always the latest. He has made 
himself what he is to-day, the leading tailor of 
vSt. Louis. He worked at his trade for a li\-eli- 
liood, but had a keen liking for it, and ne\er 
tired studying out new ideas and watching 
fashion develo])nienls. .\s a cutter he had the 
reputation in his jonrne\inen da\ s of being with- 
out a superior, and he insists on all work in his 
establishment being done in the same conscien- 
tious method he adojited while at work himself. 
He makes a high grade of clothes and is ])atron- 
ized generally by the local " Four Hundred." 
On the eve of society balls and special events 
his establishment has to run overtime to keep 
pace with the orders, and Brownell clothes liave 
so good a name that mail orders are constaiUlv 
received from those who have been measured at 
the house but are now away from St. Louis. 

.\s a business man .Mr. Hrownell is very pop- 
ular in ,St. Louis, and in societx' circles he is 
looked upon as a distinct ae<niisitioii. He is an 
active member of the Mercantile, .St. Louis and 
I''air (ironiuls Jockey clubs, and is an Inmored 
member of the Ransom Post. ('.. .\. R. 

In ISSJ he married .Mrs. Marie 1-asbender. 



554 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



PORTKR, William, sou of the Reverend 
Byron and Agnes Rankin Porter, was l)orn in 
Beaver, Pennsylvania, in the year ]«,')(). He 
went through an academical course at the 
Elderton Academy, Pennsylvania, and gradu- 
ated from Westminster College, at the age of 
twenty, with first honors. He studied for the 
next two years at the Jefferson Medical College, 
of Philadelphia, whence he graduated in the 



year 



1872. In order to complete his education 



as a physician he crossed the .\tlantic and 
walked the London 
h osjjitals for two 
years. During that 
period he occupied 
various resident staff 
positions at the great 
" I^o n d o n Hospi- 
tal," and had the 
benefit of studying 
directly under such 
eminent physicians 
as Sir Andrew Clark, 
Dr. Sutton and Mr. 
Jonathan Hutchi- 
son. He also acted 
as assistant at the 
London Throat and 
Chest Hospital to 
Sir Morel! Mac- 
kenzie, for whom he 
recorded over five 
hund red cases of 

laryngeal phthisis, wiiii ■ 

which are tabulated 

and acknowledged as Dr. Porter's work in Dr. 
Mackenzie's classical treatise on diseases of the 
throat. The doctor was .so pleased with his 
assistant's work that he strongly urged him to 
make a specialty of throat and chest di.seases, 
the result being that Dr. Porter spent several 
months among the throat and chest clinics of 
Berlin, Vienna and Paris, and afterward return- 
ing to London was given entire charge of Dr. 
Mackenzie's large clinic at " London Hospital." 
Returning to America Dr. Porter located in 
St. Louis in 1875 and two vears later was 




elected secretary of the St. Louis Medical Soci- 
ety, and then of the ^Missouri State Medical 
Society. He speedih- l)uilt up a lucrative prac- 
tice as a specialist, and particularly as a con- 
sulting physician in this city, and in 187it he 
was offered an appointment on the medical staff 
of the London Throat and Chest Hospital by 
Dr. Mackenzie, who visited Dr. Porter a few 
years later, and continued his friend during his 
life-time. Dr. Porter has continued to increase 
his St. Louis practice and to build up his repu- 
tation as one of the 
first specialists in 
throat and chest dis- 
eases in the L^nited 
States. He is a 
member of all the 
leading medical so- 
cieties and a fellow 
of the Laryngologic- 
al Association. He 
has also 1) e e n 
h o n o r e d by his 
brother physicians 
by the presidenc)- of 
the American ]\Ied- 
ical Editors' .-Associ- 
ation and of the Mis- 
sissippi \'alley Med- 
ical Association. He 
is enthusiastic in his 
advocacy of higher 
medical education 
and teaching, and is 
professor of diseases 
throat and cliest in the College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons. 

Dr. Porter is consulting physician to four 
of our largest hospitals, and has been edito- 
rially connected with several influential med- 
ical journals. 

In 1884 Dr. Porter married Miss Pearl E). 
Dickinson, of vSchenectady, New York. Mr. 
and Mrs. Porter are an unusually happy couple, 
and to the devotion and assistance of Mrs. 
Porter her husband unhesitatingly says that 
much of his success is due. 



lUOCRAPIfrCAI. APPENDIX. 



Hii.i., Harry M.- 
virile southern fan 
Xapoleon Hill arc \ 
is Harrv M. Hill, ; 



-( )nc uf the nienihcrs of that 

ily, of which Jerome and 

cll-knn\vn representatives, 

brother of the ijentlenien 



abo\-e named. The former was born in Mar- 
shall county, ;\Iississippi, Xo\'ember :^4, jsi;'), 
was educated in the public schools and at Frank- 
lin county, Nashville, Tennessee. When six- 
teen he enlisted in the Thirty-ei<rhth Tennessee 
Infantry, C. S. A., and his war career, to say 
the least, was both active and stirriu.i>-. He soon 
won the commission 
of orderly sergeant, 
but at Shiloh was 
taken prisoner and 
sent to .\lton. While 
on his wayfrom there 
to Cam]) Douglas 
with ^)<»ll others, he 
escaped, walked to 
Clinton, Illinois, 
where he w o r k e d 
some time as hod- 
carrier, a u d w a s 
thus enabled to get 
to Chicago, where, 
under a disguise, he 
worked in a hotel, 
until he could get to 
Canada and to Hali- 
fax, Nova Scotia, 
where he took a 
southern bound \es- 
sel, successfully ran 
the blockade at Wil- 
mington, North Carolina, ^ 
of the struggle. After the 
to Memphis, read law in 
.\rch. Wright, and was ad 
ISCT. 
Ht 
and i 




HENRY 

ud served to the end 
surrender, he went 
the office of Judge 

iiitled to practice in 



t once won reputaticui and popularity, 
l.ssts represented a Memphis district at 
the convention which nominated Cleveland. In 
issji lie came to St. Louis and fornic<l a i)art- 
uership with Judge Thos. 15. Ilarvex', and to- 
dav the firm of Harvey & Hill, in legal ability, 
is rated among the best. 



I'h.i.i.s, Hkxrv (i., son of N. (i. ami /,il])ha 
\\. (Case) Kllis, was born in Blenheim, Brock 
District, Canada West (now Ontario), February 
2<), 1S4.'). His ])arents were of .\merican birtli 
and connections, and when he was a mere bo\' 
tlie\' returned to Jefferson county. State of New 
York, and in the spring of 1<S")7 moved with his 
])arentst(> SoutlK-ru Michigan. His early years 
were sjient on a farm. He was educated in the 
public schools and in the academy. After leav- 
ing school he taught in various parts of Mich- 
igan and Northern 
Indiana seven terms. 
In the sjiriug of 
I.S(;;i he sold his first 
reaper and mower. 
I'-ngaging in the ma- 
chinebusiness, he fol- 
lowed this for a few 
seasons, and demon- 
strated his capabili- 
ties as a salesman in 
a local way. Recog- 
nizing a larger field 
open for operation in 
this line in the then 
western c o u u try, 
and a broader scojie 
for his and)itiou and 
energ)-, he soon be- 
came restless for a 
uu)re extended field 
of (jperation, a n d 
ELLIS. identified h i m s e 1 f 

with an extensive 
reaper and mower factory, in the capacity of a 
traveling salesman, being advanced to the ])o- 
sition of manager of the southern branch house 
of this factory, which position he held until 
1X8H. Later he resigned this position, and 
associated himself with Kingman & Company, 
Peoria, Illinois, becoming a stockholder, and 
immediateh' remoxed to .St. Louis as manager 
of the St. Louis house, which was then opened. 
He -Still holds this position. 

He was married .\pril i'^^, l-sii.s, to Miss Clara 
\'., daughter of ^L C. Waite, of Wisconsin. 



556 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Prossek, Tiio.MAS Jkfkhrson, was born in 
Pittsburg, February 11, l.S.")l. He passed his 
childhood and early youth in the vSnioky City. 
He ran away from lioine when thirteen years of 
age, and joined the Union Army at Alexandria, 
Virginia. He enlisted with the Sixt\--second 
Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served 
until July, 1>>()4. On his return home from the 
army he was not yet beyond the school-age, and 
he at once resumed his attendance at the ])ublic 
school, completing the cour.se in liS()(;. Tlien 
he went to work 
under his father t(.) 
learn the carpenter's 
trade. 

In the vear 1.S7.S, 
while the oil fields 
of Pennsy 1 \- a n i a 
were still giving a 
good output, Mr. 
Prosser engaged in 
the business of 
building oil tanks 
throughout that 
district. He (li.l 
a large contract- 
ing business in this 
line for about eight- 
een months, and thus 
laid the foundation 
of his present pros- 
jierity. The price 
of oil dropped so low 
that the business of 
building tanks was 
affected. Because of this Mr. Prosser returned 
to his native city, and, no other opening pre- 
senting itself ju.st then, he went to work at the 
bench as a journeyman carpenter. 

In 1881 he came west and secured a contract 
to build water-tanks in the swamps of Arkansas. 
He went into the enterprise with an undaunted 
purpose to succeed, and to that end took up the 
tools and worked every day beside his men, and 
did harder work than any of them, too. In his 
ability and readiness for hard work is found the 
reason of liis success. The man who fears 



wink, Mr. Prosser says, will ne\er ha\e success. 
In 1X<'^7 he had over two hundred carpenters 
steadily employed, scattered all over Arkansas, 
Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas and Colorado, and 
during the same \ear over S2, (KM), ()(»() passed 
through the St. Louis banks to his credit. His 
business had increased to such proportions that 
he began to seek a new outlet for his capital 
and energy. He projected and organized the 
Pacific Railway in Nebraska, secured right-of- 
way and franchise, negotiated the sale of the 
bonds, took the con- 




tract 


and 1 


milt the 


road 


b'or 


the first 


\ear 


he h; 


(1 entire 


c >nti 


ol of 


I ho road 


and 


was i 


ts presi- 


dent 


.\n important 


husii 


less \-euture in 


v.hic 


h he 


is inter- 


cslec 


at th 


s time is 


the 


South 


western 


Street P o 


s t Coni- 


pan\ 


, of wl 


ich he is 


jnesi 


dent. 




M 


. Prosser was 


nuuried in 


Septem- 


ber, 


l.S!i-_\ 


to Miss 


\-irg 


nia S 


itton at 



THOMAS J. PROSSE 



Pittsburg, Pennsyl- 
vania, and to the wife 
who then plighted 
her troth to him he 
credits much of his 
successin life. They 
have four children — Rea>' Cooper, Alice Pearl, 
Perc\- Smith and Thomas Ja\-. 

In commercial circles no nurn in St. Louis 
enjoys to a higher degree the confidence and 
esteem of his fellow-citizens; and in private life 
he is one of the most genial and companionable 
of men. 

Mr. Prosser is a Republican in politics, but 
has ne\-er sought oflice of any kind. In 
the year ISiK) he was persuaded, against his 
will, to run for Congress, and made an excel- 
lent race. 



nrOCR. I PUR A I. . I /VV-.AW.V. 



IJRiCrHT, JamiCS H., is one of tlie citizens of 
this metropolis who has secured success by earn- 
in;^ it. Frotu workintj l)y the clay at his trade 
lo heino; one of the leadiu.u; contractors of ,Sl. 
Louis are conditions widel\- separated, but he 
has bvidoed llie distance from one to the other 
b\' industr\', ])atience and careful and hmicst 
business methods, and is certainly entitled to 
his present prosperity. James H., the son of 
Jackson and Nancy Jane (Riley) Brii^ht, is a 
native of Kentucky, and was born in (iallatiu 
countv, that state. 



Au-ust 
He c; 



i, 1.S41. 
ime to Mis- 
souri with his par- 
ents when a child 
of six )ears, and wa> 
enabled to attend 
school until about 
eleven years of atje. 
Later his parents 
moved to St. Louis, 
and here he was ap- 
prenticed to a brick- 
layer to learn the 
trade. When he had 
reached the a.y;e of 
ei.y;hteeu, his term of 
service had been 
'completed, and that 
he had learned his 
trade well is shown 
by the fact that he 
was able to secure a 
position as a fore- 
man almost immediately 
years old he formed a part 
and under the firm na 
went into the brick cont 




Wlu 
rship 



-n lie was l\\enl\- 
with his brother, 
L- of Brioht r.rothers 
ctinu; business. This 
firm was prosperous and continued in business 
for twenty years, or until the death of John C. 
Bright in ISSl. James H. continued the busi- 
ness after his brother's death, makini; brick 
contraclino his s]iecialty up to about five years 
a.^o, when the scope of the business was en- 
lar.Ljed to include .s>;eneral contractin.y;, in 
line he has since continued. A> slunvi 



high i)lace he occupies in liis field, the new 
Public Library, the Roe Building, the New Wa- 
ter Tower, the Third National Bank, the Cupples 
Warehouse, and the Cuh-er Building, are named 
as structures on which he did the contracting. 
Mr. Bright has been twice married, his first 
wife being .Miss Laura Mayhew, to whom he 
was wedded in 1S72, and who died in 1S7;'.. 
In iSTi; he was married to Miss I'anny I). 
Dukes. Three children are mendiers of tlieir 
family— Wm. R., Fanny Mav and Ida L. 

Bki.i., Jamk.s W., 
was born in Wheel- 

1 ing,- West \'irginia, 

; August Hi, Ls-jd. 

He was educated in 
the private schools 
of his native cit\' 
until about twche 
vears of age, when 
he went to work 
opening crates of 
crockery at a sala- 
rv of two dollars a 
week. He display- 
ed ability to do bet- 
ter work than this, 

apiirenticed as 
a cabinet maker. 
When eighteen years 
of age he decided lo 
locate in the West, 
and not being par- 
ticularly well su])- 
is wa\- as a cabin-boy. 
as shi])])ing clerk for 
hum he remained lor 



whi 



plied with funds, workt. 

He secured emplo\ ni 
Mr. ('riles F. Fille\ , wit 
t\venty-.seven years. 

In lf<<s;5 he was appointed .secretary of the 
Continental Cattle Company. In 1-S!><> he organ- 
ized the .St. Louis Safe Deposit and Sa\ings 
Bank, of which he was elected president. 

Mr. Bell is a popular citizen, an able financier, 
and liberal in commercial circles. He married 
Miss Jane Major, of Bradford, England, and has 
had six children. 



558 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Davis, Albert C, son of George J. and E. 
Cornelia (Smith) Davis, the latter a daughter of 
Judge Albert Smith, of Milwaukee, was born in 
Genessee, New York, July 20, 1856. He received 
a little preliminary education near his home, 
and before he was nine years old his parents 
moved to St. Louis, arriving here on New Year's 
day, 181)5, when the river was frozen over, and 
they crossed it on the ice. 

Mr. A. C. Davis was educated in the public 
schools here and at Washington Uni\ersity, 
where he graduated 
in 1878, being at 
once admitted to the 
bar. He practiced 
law with hisljrother, 
Mr. H.U. Davis, tlie 
lirm name l)eing 
A.C. 6cH.B. Davis. 
The firm continued 
under this name for 
a while, when they 
final ly associated 
themselves with Mr. 
George G. Davis, the 
firm being then Da- 
vis & Davis, and con- 
sisting of father and 
two sons, a family 
of lawyers, all equal- 
ly bright and com- 
petent. The firm 
was d issol ved i n 
1888, since whicli 
.time Mr. A. C. Da- 
vis has been practicing alone. He has a very 
large and lucrative practice, and his face is a 
well-known one on the St. Louis streets and in 
the St. Louis courts. In February, 18.S0, :\Ir. 
Davis married Miss May G. Cooper, of this cit\-. 
He has one boy, J. Cooper. 

MORRLS, Tho.mas, son of .Michael and Ho- 
nora (Eagan) Morris, was born in Tipperary, 
Ireland, January 28, 1842. His parents came to 
America in the year l'S4!^i, arriving in St. Louis 
on April 22d of that year. Young .Morris at- 




VLBERT C. DAVIS. 



tended the public schools and then entered the 
St. Louis Universit\-. After completing his 
course he studied law under Mr. Mackey and 
Wx. Charles Conlon, the latter a partner of 
Judge John S. Phelj^s. He was admitted to the 
bar in l.S7,S and entered the office of Fruin ^: 
Company, ha\-ing charge of all their business 
for a period of three years. 

In l-S.sl he as.sociated himself with Mr. Frank 
I). Turner, the firm name being Turner & Mor- 
ris. In l.S'S4 Mr. Turner went to Chicago and 
Mr. Morris entered 
into partnership 
with Mr. James 
Rowe, the partner- 
ship firm of Rowe ,S: 
.Morris continuing 
until .\pril, bSiH, 
when Air. Morris was 
elected judge. 

•Mr. Morris mar- 
ried Miss Johanna 
Cantwell, of Tliur- 
1ns, Tipperary, the 
lub bfing a first 
LDUsin of James 
Cantwell, of the well- 
know 11 .Star and (lar- 
tei Hotel at Dublin. 
He has had tweh-e 
childien, of whom 
six are now lixiiig. 
Judge I^Iorris is a 
\er\- practical com- 
mon-sense lawyer. 
He insists on dealing with cases on their merits, 
without allow'ing legal quibbles to interfere 
with the administration of justice. He is a 
stern believer in personal liberty, and refuses to 
allow any infringement upon it in the name of 
law and order, and although very stern and 
severe in bad cases, he is apt to be lenient when 
he believes a little mercy will be appreciated 
and will have a reformatory effect. 

Junge Morris will complete his term on the 
bench next spring, and will then actively re- 
sume the practice of law. 



niocRAPniCAi. APPF.ynrx. 



5o9 






vSi'iKCKi.iiALTKR, JoSEnni, was liorn in ( )l)ern- 
(loif a Nekar in Wiirteinbei\s^, (iermauy, Au- 
gust t>, 1H;}4, the second son of Josejili and 
JoliannaSpiegellialter,//<vZipfelili. He received 
a liberal edncation in the schools of his birth- 
place, and in 1S.")4 he emigrated to the I'nited 
States. He went to Reading, Penns\-l\-ania, 
and passed his examination as a ])nblic school 
teacher. 

In the spring of l.s.'i.') 
and fonnd employment 
a few months he left 
this position to take 
charge of a drng 
store owned by Dr. 
\'asey. I.ater, in 
IS.") 7, he visited St. 
Lonis, and in is.^s 
he located here and 
fou\id a position in 
a drng store, an<l 
went to work in 
earnest to save 
nione\- eiiongh to at- 
U-nd lectures. 

TIr- Hnm'holdi 
Medical Institute 
had been started by 
Dr. H a \\\ m e r in 
l.s.');t, and there he 



■nt 



ittt 



nres, ntilizmg the 
morning and even- 
ing honVs at the drng 
store to sa\-e ex- 
penses. In bS(;i I) 
students of tlie Hnml 
a military company, 
sworn in a 




I, h'ifth Missouri \'olnntcers, participating in 
the battles of Carthage and Wil.son's Creek. 
After he was discharged, in the fall of ISHl, he 
took up his medical .studies again. In the spring 
of 18(;2 he graduated and immediately afterwards 
passed his examination before the military board 
of medical examiners, of which Dr. I. T. Hodgen 
was president. 

.\lthough by the percentage of his examina- 
tion he was entitled to a surgeon's position, he 
]>referred to go where his friends were, and took 
the then vacant posi- 
tion of assistant sur- 
geon of the Twelfth 
Missouri \"olnnteer 
Infantry Regiment 
(()slerhans' regi- 
ment). 

.\fter Dr. Spiegel- 
halter was mustered 
out of the service he 
started to practice 
his profession in St. 
Louis. In l«(ir> he 
wasai>]iointed health 
othcer by Ma yor 
Thomas. When 
choUra appeared in 
the Ivuropean sea- 
ports in the winterof 
ISIkViW;, Dr. Spiegel- 
halter warned tlie 
l!oanl of Health of 



t e n 1 



organ 
1 Insti 



Hami 

(It Medical Institute into 
This comiKui)' had been 
pecial j5olice, and did guard (lut\- 
at night near and around the arsenal, with head- 
quarters at Dr. Hammer's residence, west of the 
arsenal. When the president's call came, mo.st 
of the students entered the army — .some in the 
medical department and others in the line. 
Dr. Spiegeihalter enlisted in the Fifth Missouri 
\'olunteer Infantry, ami served during the 
tliree months' service as lieutenant of Company 



danger, and urged 
them to prepare f(n- the eindemic. When it 
finally reached St. Louis, the board had no 
money for extra sanitary work. With the aid 
of Hon. Krastus Wells the money was linally 
raised, and the work of thoroughly cleaning the 
streets and alleys was commenced. 

In recognition of his hard and effective work 
in the interest of the city. Dr. Spiegeihalter was 
nominated and elected coroner of St. Louis 
county in the fall of IXtili, and after the expira- 
tion of his first term he was re-elected in 1^(18. 
When Dr. Spiegeihalter entered upon his duties 



r)60 



OLD AND NFAV Sr. LOriS. 



as coroner, he (^ave uj) his practice and devoted 
all his time to his official duties. 

In 187(i he was once more called into public 
service, Mayor Overstolz having appointed him 
medical member of the Board of Health. He 
was reappointed by Mayor Overstolz in 1877 
and 1S7!I. In 1883 Mayor Ewing also appointed 
him for the same position, which he filled until 
1887, thus serving for eleven years as uiedical 
member of the Board of Health, where his 
knowledge of sanitary affairs and the topograpln- 
of the city were highly appreciated. 

Dr. Spiegelhalter has been a uiember of the 
St. Louis Medical Society since 1864, he is also 
a member of the Verein Deutscher Aerzte ( Soci- 
ety of German Physicians), of the Microscopical 
Society, the Mississippi Valley Medical Society, 
the Academy of Science, the American Medical 
Association, and the .Vmerican Public Health 
Association. 

.\s an old soldier he belongs to the (irand 
Arnn- of the Republic, the Loyal Legion and 
the Army of the Tennessee. He is a member 
of the St. Louis P^thical vSociety, one of the 
founders of the vSt. Louis Swimming School and 
of the ^lissouri Crematory Association; he is a 
director in both of these institutions and takes 
great interest in their management and success. 

Charuk.s M. Hav.s, vice-president and gen- 
eral manager of the Wabash Railroad, was born 
at Rock Island, Illinois, on May Ki, 18;")(i. He 
embarked in the railwa\- business November 10, 
lf^7;!, when he went to work as a clerk in the 
office of the passenger department of the At- 
lantic & Pacific Railroad, at that time leased 
and operated by the Missouri Pacific Railroad. 
From January to March of the next year he was 
employed in freight accounts in the auditor's 
office. 

After a few mouths" service in that capacity 
he entered the office of the general superintend- 
ent of the same company. He then entered the 
service of the Mis.souri Pacific Railway, serving 
in various capacities until April 1, 1884, when he 
accepted the position of secretarv to general 
manager of the Wabash, St. Louis S: Pacific 



Railway. On October 1, l.s.sii, he was jnomoted 
to the position of assistant general manager of 
the same road, and upon the death of Col. A. .\. 
Talmage, Juh- 1, l!^'S7, he was appointed to suc- 
ceed him as general manager of the Wabash 
Western Railway, which road was consolidated 
with the Wabash Railway on July 1, 188;i, under 
the name of the Wabash Railroad Compan\-, 
^Ir. Hays being appointed general manager of 
the con.solidated system. On February 1, is;i4, 
he was elected vice-president, and has since held 
the dual position of vice-president and general 
manager. 

.Mr. Hays maybe considered as a representative 
vSt. Louis man, this city having l)een the scene 
of his entire business career. 

His father was Samuel Hays, who st-rxed one 
term as treasurer of the State of .Missouri, anil 
has also served as postmaster of St. Louis, l)e- 
ing appointed by President Hayes, while his 
mother came of the well-known ^Morris famih 
of New Jersey, her maiden name being Sarah 
Elizabeth Morris. It was at the house of Maj. 
John Ford, of Morristowu, New Jerse\-, the 
great-grandfather of Mr. Hays, that (xeneral 
George Washington made his headquarters dur- 
ing his final campaign against the British, who 
then occupied New York City. 

He was married on October Li, l^i^l to Miss 
Clara (i. Gregg, the daughter of William H. 
Gregg, of this city, their domestic life being 
blessed with four interesting daughters. 

Crxxixc.HAM, F^DWARi), Jr., son of Fxlward 
and Catharine (Miller) Cuuninghaiu, was Ijorn 
in Cumberland count)', \'irginia, August :^1, 
1841. He received a good education from pri- 
vate tutors at home, then in the \'irginia .Mili- 
tary Institute, at Lexington, Mrginia, where he 
. was studying during the troublous da\s ])reced- 
ing the war. Being in the first class, he went 
along under Stonewall Jackson, who commanded 
the corps of cadets during the John Brown raid. 
On being ordered to Charleston, being a cadet- 
captain, he was put in command of the section 
of artillery accompanying the corps. He was 
then ordered back with the troops to Lexington, 



nn ^CRAPHIL A I. APPENDIX. 



5(;l 



wlicre he reiiiaiued uiUil llif hreakiii;^ o\\\. of 
tlif war, !))• wliich time lie had o^raduated and 
was assistant professor of mathematics. 

He was commissioned l)y the j^overnor as 
lieutenant of engineers, and instructed the 
cadets at Richmond, \'iry:inia, being the first 
adjutant-general. 

In the \'ear b'^iil, when Major Jackson was 
appointed colonel of the \'irginia forces, he was 
assigned the c(.)nimand of the northern depart- 
ment of the state, with headquarters at Harper's 
Ferry. Mr. Cun- 
ningham was aji- 
pointed ca])tain of 
engineers, and as- 
signed to that de- 
partment as chief 
engineer. He re- 
mained under Col. 
Jackson until \'ir- 
ginia joined the Con- 
federate States, wdien 
the dejiartment was 
placed under t h e 
command of (General 
Joseph E. Johnston, 
after which time he 
.served as a.ssistant 
to .Major W. H. T. 
Whitney, chief en- 
gineer until the 
battle of Manassas. 

When the Arm\- 
of the Shenandoah 
was ordered to Man- 
assas to join General Beauregard, Mr. Cun- 
ningliam was assigned to duty on the staff of 
Crcncral Kirby Smith. In December, bStll, 
he was commissioned first lieutenant of artil- 
ler\- for engineer duty in the regular .\rmy of 
the Confederate States, and was ordered to re- 
port to (reneral Mansfield Lovell,at Xew Orleans. 




HOWARD CL'NNINOHAM 



report at Kno.vville. He served under (General 
Smith in Kentucky and Tenne.s.see until the 
year ISi;;;, when, with General Smith, he was 
transferred to the department of the Trans-Mis- 
sissippi. In the following year he was commis- 
sioned major of the artillery in the Provisional 
Arm\- of the Confederate States, and served 
until the close of the war as chief of ar- 
tillery of the Trans-Mississippi department, 
which embraced Arkansas, West Louisiana, 
Texas and the Indian Territorx . 

( )n June 7, l.S(;;i, 
Mr. Cunningham 
was ])aroled at 
Shre\-e])ort, Louisi- 
ana, and was subse- 
(|nentl\- instructor 
in the Norwood 
.\cadem\', in Nelson 
count\-, \'irginia, 
and also in the 
1! e 11 e v u e Hi g h 
.School, in Bedford 
count}-, \'irginia. 
While teaching he 
studied law under 
James P. Holcomb, 
formerly professor 
of law in the Uni- 
\ersity of \'irginia, 
but before complet- 
ing his law studies 
he moved to New 
Castle, Kentucky, 
where, under his old 
friend. General K. Kirby vSmith, he acted as in- 
structor in the Western Military .\cademy. He 
came to this city in the winter of l.S7:^-;5. He 
was admitted to the bar and practiced alone 
until 1887, when he entered into partnership 
with Mr. Edward C. Eliot. In the fall of 18!l() 
these gentlemen associated themselves with 



He served on engineer duty in the erection of Judge J. W. Phillips and Mr. A. C. Stewart. 



the defenses of New Orleans until .\pril, 18(;i, 
when General E. Kirby Smith having been as- 
signed to the department of East Tennessee, 
Mr. Cunningham was, at his request, ordered to 



In 1871) he married Miss Cornelia \'. Thorn- 
ton, daughter of Charles A. Thornton, E.sq., of 
Louisiana. They have only one child, a son, 
Edward Thornton, born in I87;i. 



562 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



Greexe, Frank S., the successful contractor 
and builder, was born in England, although lie 
is an American in everything but that, as he 
was brought here when but one year old. He 
refers to Warwickshire, England, as the place, 
and September 11, 1848, as the date of his birth. 
On reaching the New World his parents settled 
in Ohio, which in 1849 was yet a new country. 

In this state young Frank lived until ten 
years old, when, left an orphan by the death of 
Ijoth father and mother, circumstances became 
so shaped tliat the 
boy was sent to St. 
Louis, the date of | 

his arrival 1j e i n g 
1858. He was at 
once started to the 
common schools, but 
owing to tlie cir- 
cumstance tliat he 
was compelled to 
make his own way 
in the world, he was 
compelled to leave 
school when about 
fourteen years old, 
an opening having 
offered to learn the 
trunk maker's trade. 
He applied himself 
diligently to this 
during the period of 
the civil war, but 
after he had mas- 
tered its details, he 

became convinced that the trade of a carpenter 
and builder was better adapted to his tastes and 
offered better opportunities of success than the 
other. At eighteen years of age, therefore, he 
went to work for Noah Dean, a well-known 
builder of this city, with whom he worked until 
1869. As soon as he had acquired proficiency, 
he boldly started in business for himself. It 
was only in a small way then, but his business 
and reputation for honest and excellent work 
have grown with the years, and he reckons some 
of the wealthiest men of the city as his patrons. 




FRANK S. GREENE. 



Mr. Greene was married in 1874 to Miss 
Beckie Buck, of St. Louis county. They have 
two children — ^Jessie and Mary. 

BuTLKR, Edward. — The well-known capital- 
ist and politician, Edward Butler, was born in 
Ireland, iift}-nine years ago. Like so many other 
of his countrymen, he early came to America in 
search of fortune. In New York he learned the 
blacksmith's trade, and coming to St. Louis 
afterward, worked several years as a journey- 
man in various shops 
of the city. It was 
early his ambition 
to open a shop of his 
own, and as soon as 
he could save enough 
money he did so. 
He also soon recog- 
nized the fact that 
it is the specialist 
who wins in this 
latter day, and he 
accordingly merged 
his business into 
the horseshoeing 
Inanch of the trade 
exclusively, apph-- 
iug all his energy to 
learning all about a 
liorse's foot, how to 
make a shoe and ap- 
ply it. By reason 
of the fact that he 
then applied his 
efforts to the narrow limits of doing one thing 
and doing that thing well, patronage began to 
pour in on him, and the number and size of his 
shops had to be increased. 

Shortly after beginning business he became 
interested in local politics, and his power and 
influence have increased with the years. As 
time has passed his business interests have 
become diversified, until at the present time he 
is interested in a great number and variety of 
enterprises. In 1885 his son, Edward, Jr., was 
made a partner in the horseshoeing business. 





W j^L:i^Z^ 



niocRAPiiiCAi. A pp]-:.\'nrx. 



->r,:', 



Schmidt, Hkxrv Arci'ST. — .Mr. vSclnnidt 
was born in tlie Kinj^doniof Hanover, (rernian\-, 
March 12, 1S4.S, and is tlie son of Cliristoplicr 
and Lottie ( Krnse ) Schmidt. His father was 
a captain in the Hanoverian army, and fonght 
gallantly in that country's war against the old 
Napoleon at Leipsic in LSI 4. Young Henry 
received his education in the public schools of 
the Cit\' of Bremen. At fourteen years of age, in 
conformit\- with the Cjerman custom, he left 
school and began to receive instrncticms in the 
mechanical arts. He 
chose the tailoring 
trade, and was ap- 
prenticed to a master 
of his art in the 
City of Bremen. 
After three and one- 
half years' service 
with the master, he 
left him to begin 
work in one of llie 
leading establish- 
ments of that city. 
From early bo y- 
hood his young 
heart was stirred In- 
reading the accounts 
of the golden oppor- 
tunities for success in 
.\inerica. Later on, 
those of his country- 
men returning on a 
visit from the New hf;nr\ a 

World, gave such 

glowing descriptions of it, that his young, am- 
bitious heart was so fired that lie determined to 
go at once to the Eldorado of so many of his 
countrymen. He was only nineteen years of 
age when he left the scenes of his boyhood 
and set sail for the New World. After landing 
in New York, and with an energy that has 
alwavs been one of his characteristics, lie at 
once sought employment, which he was not 
long in obtaining. 

He began work for the well-known house of 
Croiiev & Ivcnt, 753 Broadway, New York City, 




and then, uiuler llie tutorship of (jiie of the 
skillful artists of that da\-, soon became only 
less skillful than his master in all the details of 
the sartorial art. Being a very aspiring man, 
and desiring to see more of his adopted country, 
he left New York and went to Savannah, 
Georgia, when after a short time he made his 
way to Memphis, Tenne.s.see. After a stay of 
several years in the latter cit\-, he went to 
\'icksburg, Mississip])i, where he was made the 
manager of the business of Geo. C. Cress & 
Company, tai lors, 
the largest house of 
its Hue in the .state. 
Working steadily 
for a number of 
\ears, and practic- 
i 11 g economy, h e 
determined to open 
a business for him- 
self. In seeking for 
a location he came 
to tlie Cit\- of St. 
Louis, and in the 
year l^TS opened a 
merchant tailoring 
establishment at (US 
Washington avenue. 
His business pros- 
pered, and in l!S!^:i 
he sought better 
(| u a rle rs in the 
South e r 11 Hotel 
;hmidt. Building, where he 

remained for five 
\ears, and in LS.S7 he removed to (idS Olive 
street. On the first day of Januarx , 1.S!I4, he 
again sought more commodious <iuarters, which 
he found in the magnificent Union Trust Build- 
ing, where upon the second floor he occupies 
the large corner room, with light and facilities 
unsurpassed for the transaction of his business. 
During his career in St. Louis, Mr. Schmidt 
has established a reputation which is at present 
worth thousands of dollars to him annually. He 
is justly considered the high-class tailor of this 
citv,andnotonlvishistradeof the most lucrative 



5fi4 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



kind, but his establislimeut is also the most 
extensive in its line in the West. Mr. Schmidt 
believes that success is obtainable by constant 
and unremitting attention to one thing, and he 
has therefore become interested in but few 
outside private enterprises, except his invest- 
ments in real estate in this city as well as in 
Kansas City. He has lent every assistance 
possible to all plans of a public nature for the 
general welfare of the city, and has been in- 
strumental in bringing many of his countrymen 
with their families 
to this cit)-. 

He is a Christian 
in belief and prac- 
tice, and with his 
family are attend- 
ants at Pilgrim Con- 
gregational Church, 
to which he is a 
liberal contributor, 
as he is also to many 
of the public chari- 
ties of the cit\-. In 
1882 Mr. vSchmidt 
was united in mar- 
riage to Miss Bertha 
Leonora \' o 1 k e r 
of this cit\', and 
their union has been 
blessed with a large 
f a ra i 1 }• of }• o u n g 
Schmidts, who in 
time, we hope, will 
prove a blessing to 

them as well as the comnuinity, and emulate 
the excellent example set them by their father. 

Th.\lm.\nn, Berxh.\rd, head of the Thal- 
mann Printing Ink Company, of this city, 
has attained by industry, straightforward and 
progressive business methods his present pros- 
perous and prominent condition. Everything 
he owns is due solely to his own efforts. He is 
a self-made man. He is a native of the province 
of Saxony, Germany, where he was born in 
18;-52. He received instructions in the public 




BERNHARD THALMAN^ 



schools until he was fourteen, at which age 
most German boys leave school to learn a trade. 
It was his fortune to be apprenticed to learn 
the trade of a lithographic printer, at which, 
when liis term was completed, he worked in 
various shops in his native land throughout his 
youth and early manhood. 

In 18(U, when he was thirty-two years of 
age, he left the Fatherland to seek his fortune 
beyond the seas in the New World. After land- 
ing he came direct to St. Louis, where he at 
once dropped into a 
good position as 
foreman of Gast's 
extensive establish- 
ment. For five and a 
half years he ad- 
ministered the affairs 
of this establishment 
ami only resigned 
his place in 18(i9 
to follow out a reso- 
lution he had pre- 
viousl)- made to 
enter business on his 
own account. He 
saw that a denuind 
existed for a high- 
grade printers' ink, 
and r e s o 1 \- e d to 
create the .supply. 
He had practiced 
frugality and saved 
some money, and in 
a small way he 
erected a plant at Twenty-first and Singleton 
streets. From this insignificant beginning, the 
plant has been enlarged from year to year, 
until at present it ranks among the important 
manufacturing enterprises of the city. 

]\Ir. Thalmann is a member of the I. O. O. F., 
as well as the Knights of Honor. He has been 
married twice. The first time he was wedded 
in 1877 to Miss Carolina Sanftleben, who died 
.some years later. In 1887 he married his pres- 
ent wife, whose maiden name was Gnndlach. 
Mr. Thalmann has four children, all daughters. 



nii. M-.RAPiriCAL APPENDIX. 



m^ 



LocKwooD, Richard John, was born in Kent 
county, Delaware, September H, l.SOS, and died 
in St. Louis, June 17, 1X70, son of Caleb and 
Araininta ( Day ) Lockwood, and grandson of 
Richard Lockwood, a member of the convention 
which organized Delaware into a state in 177(>, 
and also signed some of the first notes issued by 
that state. Richard J. was an only sou. His 
mother died in the fall of IS-iii, and in the 
spring of the following year he, with his fatlicr 
and two sisters, removed to >St. Louis. 

In l«;52his father, 
Caleb, was elected 
a member of the 
City Council from 
one of the t h re c 
wards into w h i c h 
the city was then 
divided, its popula- 
tion then being from 
si.K to seven thou- 
sand. 

lu 1S;;(; Richard 
J. l)ecamc a clerk 
upon one of the river 
steamers. Two years 
later he took com- 
mand as captain. 
In \M-2 he left the 
ri\'er, but retained 
an interest in river 
properties, and en- 
gaged in the ship 
chandler and grocery ,, , ,, 

business with Mr. 

James Hill, under the firm name of IlillX: Lock- 
wood. This firm name (as one iiartiu-r after 
another retired or came into the firm ) became 
successively Lockwood, Voorhes & Company, 
Lockwood, Pierson & Company, Lockwood & 
Wider, and finally R. J. Lockwood. In 1S7(), 
and shortly before his death, .Mr. Lockwood re- 
tired from business. 

In isi.') he married IMiss Jane Herenieu ^Un- 
risou, youngest daughter of the late Major James 
M(nrison, of St. Charles, and sister of the late 
William M. Morrison (of the firm of Morrison it 




Lockwood ), and of the first ]\Irs. (ieorgc Collier, 
and Mrs. William G. Pettus, of St. Louis, and 
Mrs. Yosti, of St. Charles. Mrs. Lockwood 
died in 1848, leaving one son, William M. Lock- 
wood, secretary of the St. Louis .\gvicuUural aud 
Mechanical .Association. 

In December, IS.')1, Mr. Lockwood married 
.Miss Angelica Pcale Robinson, a daughter of 
Archibald Robinson, of Jefferson county, \'ir- 
ginia, and sister of George R. and Archi Robin- 
son, of this city. Mrs. T.,ockwood is still li\ing. 
( )f this m arr i a g e 
seven children were 
born, \i/..: George 
Robinson, Richard 
Robinson, James 
\'eatman, .V r c h i 
Robinson ( who died 
unmarried at Santa 
b'e, Xew Mexico, in 
Oct obc r, 1 8;»2), 
Jcomi .Morrison ( now 
.Mrs. Walker Hill), 
Charles .\ndrews and 
Sarah Bell. 

Richard J. Lock- 
wood was f(n- mau\' 
\ ears a director in a 
number of local cor- 
porations, a m o n g 
them the State Sav- 
ings .\ ss o c i a tion 
I now Slate Piank ) 
aud .St. Louis Gas 
Light Company. 
He was an earnest Ciiristi.m and devout mem- 
ber of the Protestant P^^iscopal Church, though 
reared in the Methodist faith, his paternal grand- 
father havingbeena memberof the first Methodist 
church erected in Delaware, and his maternal 
grandfather a minister of that denomination. 
He was a liberal contributor to many charities 
and an active member and di.strict visitor of the 
Provident Association for many years. 

.\ portrait of Mr. Lockwood, by Kichl)anm, 
is in the possession of the Missouri Historical 
Societv. 



566 



OLD AND NFAV ST. LOUIS. 



KURTZEBORX, AiGiST, SOU of Godfrey and 
Dorothea Kurtzeborn, was born at Diez, Prussia, 
June 1, 1840, and in his native place received 
at the common schools the education usually 
accorded the Cxerman youth. He was a pupil 
in the schools of Diez until he emigrated with 
his parents to America, the event occurring when 
the lad was about fifteen years old. Reaching 
St. Louis, he determined to make this his abid- 
ing place, and here attended school for one year. 
On completing his education, he chose the 
jeweler's trade as an 
avocation , and to 
learn the business 
entered the estab- 
lishment of L. Ban- 
man, a house that **^ 
was established in 
St. Louis in 1.S44. 

It was in Januar\ , 
18.^7, that he became \ 

connected with the 

house, and so steadi- "*' 

ly and diligently did J^^ 

he go about the busi- 
ness, that, January 
1, 1867, ten )ears 
later, he became a 
junior partner in the 
house, the style of 
the firm becoming 
B a u m a n &; Co m - 
pany. In 1872 Mr. L. \ 

Baumau retired from 
the firm and from 

the business, and his two sons, Solomon and 
Meyer Bauman, M. A. Rosenblatt and Mr. 
Kurtzeborn succeeded to the proprietorship. In 
1880 the membership of the firm was still fur- 
ther reduced by the retirement of ]\Ir. Rosen- 
blatt, owing to his election to the city collector- 
ship. In 18.S2 the l)usiness was incorporated, 
and Mr. Kurtzeborn became the company's 
president. This office he held up to January 1, 
18it4, on which date he purchased the firm's 
retail department, and resigned the presidency 
of the corporation. Since the above date he 




has given his attention wholly to the retail 
jewelry business, and is the head of one of the 
soundest and most extensive houses in that line 
in the West. For over thirty-seven years he 
has been actively connected with that trade in 
this city, and has seen St. Louis from a com- 
paratively small city become the metropolis of 
the West, and has seen the house with which 
he was connected, from a small beginning build 
lip a trade extending from the Alleghanies to 
the Rockies; such a wide experience has made 
of him an authority 
on all the details of 
his business, a line 
of trade in which ex- 
pert knowledge and 
experience are of 
paramount impor- 
tance. As at present 
constituted the 
house of which he is 
the head consists of 
himself and his two 
sons, August, Jr., 
and Louis G. Kurtze- 
born. 

Mr. Kurtzeborn 
holds membership in 
both the Mercantile 
and U n i o n clubs. 
In fraternal club cir- 
cles he is recognized 
as a brother by mem- 
bers of the Legion 
of Honor, Royal .\r- 
cauum and Woodmen of the World. He has 
always taken an active part in the furtherance of 
the city's interests in every legitimate manner, 
and his reputation as a business man, as well as 
a jeweler, extends far beyond the city limits. 

In 18(it) Mr. Kurtzeborn was married to Miss 
Lizzie Probst, daughter of ;\Ir. J. D. Kurlbaum, 
of St. Louis. They have five children — August, 
Jr., and Louis G., who assist their fatlier in the 
jewelry business; Lilly, now ]\Irs. Wm. H. 
Gregg, Jr.; Edwin, who is being educated at 
Princeton, and another. 



IZKBOkN. 



niOGRAPIIlCAL APPHNPIX. 



-.67 



Campkki.i., William C, son of Jesse and An- 
nie (Stewart) Campbell, was iK.rn in New York 
City, in 18ijr). 

Mrs. Campbell died when he was only eleven 
\ears of age, and six years later Mr. Campbell, 
vSr., also died, leaving the subject of this sketch 
jiracticalh' alone in the world with fonr brothers 
Nounger than himself. 

When quite a boy he went to work in a plan- 
ing mill, learning the trade pretty thoroughly 
in about four years, when he turned his atten- 
tion to the furniture 
business, and at the 
age of seventeen oc- 
cupied the responsi- 
ble position of head 
cutter in Dana & 
Smith's furniture 
factory, South St. 
Lous, he luMing 
come to this city 
when a boy. 

When only nine- 
teen years old he 
started business on 
his own account. 
His capital at this 
time was but forty 
dollars, and his 
premises consisted of 
one room, the rental 
of which, including 
power, was fifteen 
dollars a month. 
To this small estab- 
lishment, which was located on Twenty-third 
street, near Cass avenue, a partner was admitted 
with a capital of one hundred and fifty dollars, 
and seven months later the building was torn 
down and Mr. Campbell bought the interest of 
his partner. 

;\Ir. Campbell then purchased a twenty-fool 
lot on Twenty-second street and erected a small, 
but convenient brick building, in which he re- 
sumed the manufacture of furniture, still renting 
power, .\fter six months he associated himself 
with a Mr. Dier and proceeded to organize the 




WILLIAM C. CAMPBEl 



Missouri Furniture Company, with a capital 
stock of fi\'e thousand dollars. Mr. Campbell 
was made president of the new company, which 
at the end of three moutlis was compelled to in- 
crease its capital and to build an addition to the 
factory. 

In IS.Sl' Mr. Campbell sold his stock in the 
comjiany and, purchasing a lot on Thirteenth 
street, near Cass avenue, he erected the factory 
now occupied by the Scarritt F'urniture Com- 
]ianv. Here he continued for one year, when 
he organized the 
C a ni p b e 1 1-H e s s 
M anu fact n ring Com - 
])any, with a capital 
stock of seven thou- 
sand five hundred 
dollars. He shortly 
afterwards bought 
out -Mr. Hess and 
changed the firm 
name to the Camp- 
bell Manufacturing 
Company. 

Mr. Campbell's 
next venture was the 
erectionof aten thou- 
sand-doll ar build- 
ing on a \ery eligi- 
l)lc site at the cor- 
ner of vSecond and 
Hempstead streets, 
in which a large 
business was trans- 
acted and seventh- 
five skilled mechanics were kept busy. 

.\fter a very prosperous career of four years 
the Merchants' Terminal Railroad Company, 
requiring the ground for their system, purchased 
it, and tore down the factory. 

.Mr. Campbell snb.sequently bought out the 
St. Louis Glass Works Company on Broadway, 
.Monroe and Xinth streets, paying thirty thou- 
sand dollars for the plant. He tore down the 
building and erected in its place one of the finest 
furniture factories in the country. It occupies 
a floor space of 300x1411 feet, is three stories high. 



568 



OLD AND NEW ST. LOUIS. 



and is the largest factory of its kind under one 
roof in tlie United States. The capital invested 
in this magnificent structure and its equipments 
amounts to over one hundred and thirty thou- 
sand dollars, and there is a capacity for three 
hundred men. The most costh- and j^erfect ma- 
chinery in the market is to be found on the 
premises, and the work put out is unexcelled. 

Mr. Campbell's career has been an active one, 
and the amount of capital and business he has 
brought to St. Louis is enormous. He ranks 
very high in com- 
mercial and trade 
circles, and is one of 
the most popular em- 
ployers of labor in 
the West. He ships 
goods both East and 
North, as well as 
South and West. 

He has sisent near- 
ly a quarter of a mill- 
ion of dollars in the 
erection and equip- 



ment of factories in ! 

St. Louis, and at this 
writing he is but | 

thirt>--se\-en years 
o\A. He has been 
engaged in a number 
of enterprises out- 
side of his business. 

He has been a very ■■ ■ ^ 

active member of t.he ,^,l 

Knights of Honor, a 

great reader, has traveled considerablv, and is 
a strong Republican. 

He married in 1874 Miss Mamie Dillon, and 
has had two children, a boy and a girl. The 
latter is still li\-ing, and is a handsome young 
lady of fifteen. 



Hatck, Lon.s, third son of the late Doctor 
Charles F. Hanck, who came to St. Louis from 
Germany in 18451, was born in St. Louis, March 
8, 18")H. He was educated in the public 
schools, and graduated from the High vScliool in 
1877. 

He entered the St. Louis Medical College in 
1877, and graduated on March 5, 1880, at the 
age of twenty-one. In April of the same year 
he passed a successful examination for a posi- 
tion as assistant physician to the City Hospital, 
where he ser\e(l un- 
til :\Iay, 18,S1. 

He then entered 
i n t o practice w i t h 
his father, but in 
August, 1.S.Sl\ went 
to Europe to attend 
the universities of 
Berlin, \'ienna and 
Strassburg. He re- 
turned in August, 
l''^8o, and resumed 
the practice of his 
profession with his 
Ijrother, Dr. Eugene 
F. Hanck, at the 
old stand of his 
father, who had died 
during his absence 
abroad. Heisamem- 
ber of St. Louis 
M ed ical Societ\'; 
im^^ was for one year 

chief surgeon South 
Side Dispensary; is a member of Royal Ar- 
canum, American Legion of Honor and Knights 
and Ladies of Honor, and examining physician 
for last two years. He is a member of Union 
Club, Liederkranz, St. Louis Turn-\'erein and 
Art Society. 







GENERAL INDEX. 



Al)l)ott, Will. C 
Adams. Elmer R 
Ailams, J. \V 



.Agricultural 
.\f;ricultural 



iH<l Mechanical 
Iniplemeuts 



Allen, Chas. ClaHiii 
Allen, K. T 
Allen, C.eo. W 
Alt, A.lolpli 

American Central Kuild 
Anderson, W. T 
Annals of St. Louis 
Annan, Thos. H 
.\nne de Coup 
.Anzeiger des Weslens 

.Armstrong, David H 

-Arnold, Henry 

.\tcliison R. R. Sj'stem 
Atkinson, Robert C 
Atwood, John C 
Autumnal l'"estivities .As 



Bacon, Williamson 

Baker, A. M 

Baker, Jas. E 

Baker, Jas. L 

Baker. Joseph E 

Baker, Win. J 

Baltimore & Oliio 

Bank of Si. Louis 

Bank of State of Missouri 

Bank Failures, None for Nine Vi 

Bank, Official Statement of 

Banner Building Year 

Bannermau, Jss 

Bar Association 

Barlow, Stephen D 

Baruett, Geo. I 

Barnett, Geo! I) 

Barstow, Chas. W" 

Barton, Joshua 

Base-Ball Champions 

Hauduy, J. K 

Bell, Nich. M 

Bell. Leverelt 

Bellefontaiiie, l-"ort, Established 

Hellefontaine Railroad 

Bench and Bar 



P.\Gf5. 




•xw 


Benton, Thomas H 


4.S!) 


Hergin. M 


;i7ii 


Bernays, A. C 


5u; 


Biebinger, Fred. W 


S(i 


Bierman, Lewis 


27 


Big Four 


.")8 


Biggs, W. H 


:is;! 


Blair, Jas. L 


•")I7 


Bliss, Harmon J 


112 


Hlodgett, Wells 11 


:!l.-> 


Blossom, Henry M 


lis 


BUimer, Esaias W 


L'oS 


Hoeckeler, Adolphus 


17 


Bohnier, JohuG 


316 


Bond, H. W 


. 17 


Boot and Shoe Interests 


130 


Booth. David S 


142 


Booth, John \ 


3(1!) 


Boulevard System 


56 


Bowmau. Sam'l 


316 


Boyd, T. B 


538 


Boyd, W. G 


U. 12S 


Bovle, Wilbur l' 




Branch, Jos. W 




Breweries 


•2-2r, 


Brick and Sewer I'ipe 


443 


Briggs. Waldo 


4(!1 


Bright, Jas. H 


157 


Bright, Wm 


41S 


Broadhead, Jas. O 


436 


Brockmau, Phil 


5!l 


Brokaw, A. Von 1. 


IS 


Brown, A. D 


l!t 


Brown, Geo. W 


UO 


Brownbacks 


91 


Brownell, B. H 


114 


Bryson. John I' 


nil 


Buck, M. M 


IL'II 


Building Associations 


L'73 


Building Improvenlellt^ 


164 


Building Permits 


4.53 


Builders' Exchange 


322 


Burleigh, W.J 


IS 


Burlington Route 


S7 


Busch, .Adolphus 


542 


Butler, Edw 


2011 




302 




17 


Cnble Road, First I-ranc 


72, 77 


Cairo Short Line 


12S 


Cale, Geo. Wni 



bio 



GENERAL /NDEX. 



Calhoun, James L 
Cameron, Ed. A 
Campbell, Lewis 
Campbell, James 
Campbell, Wm. C 
Capen, Geo. D 
Capital, Home and I-^oreign 

Carlisle, James L 

Carnival City of America 

Carondelet 

Cartter, Milo S 

Cass Avenue and Fair Grounds Ry 

Cathedral 

Catholic Church, First Dedication 

Census of 1890 

Centenary Church, Corner-stone Laid 
Central Reserve City, St. Louis Made 

Chancellor, Eustalhius 

Chappell, W. G 

Chicago & Alton R. R 

Chicago and .St. Louis, Race BeUveeu 

Choral Society 

Chouteau, Auguste 

Chouteau, Charles Piern. 

Chouteau Family 

Chouteau, Pierre, Jr 

Chouteau, Pierre 

Christian Brothers' Colle.<,'e 

Christopher, Jacob 

Christy, Andrew 

Chronicle 

Church, Alouzo C 
Churches of St. Louis 
Church of the Messiah 
Citizens Railroad 

City Hall 

City Halls Past and Present 

City Limits, Proposed Extension of 

Claiborne, James R 

Clark, S. H. H 

Clearings, Comparative Statement 
Cleary, Redmond 

Clover, Ashley C . 

Clover Leaf Road 

Coal Receipts for Ten Years 

Cole, Amedee B 

Collections of Water Rates . 

Collins, Martin 

Collins, Monroe R. Jr 

Collins, R. E 

Columbia Building 

Columbia Club 

Columbian Street Illuminations 

Columbus, Statue of 

Commercial Building 

Commercial Club 
Comparative Health Table 
Compton Hill Reservoir 
Concerts and High Opera 
Convent of Sacred Heart 



813 


Conventions in St. Louis 


348 


Cook, D. G 


476 


Cook, Francis E 


247 


Copp, Sam'l 


■iCu 




T., 310 


Cotton Belt Road 


•25 


Cotton Exchange 


.. L'87 


County Electric Roads 


S] 


Cox, James 


7S 


Cram, George T 


430 


Crawford, Dugald 


72, 75 


Crawford, Hugh A 


18, 124 


Creveling, Wm. C 


17 


Crone, Christopher 


31 


Crow, Wayman 


l!l 


Crundeu, F. M 


27 


Cummings. J. C 


287 


Cunningham, E.Jr 



, 5ti 
30 


D 

Dalton, R. M 




Daniel Webster's Visit. 




Darst, Joseph C 


l.{3 


Davis, A. C 


Nil, 132 
134 


Davis, John T. . 

Degnan, Patrick H 


Dellacella, Stephen. 


41!l 


Delano, R. J 

Dierkes, Bernard 




Dillon, Daniel 








Douglas, Walter B 


120 


DowdalLJ.T 

Drach, Chas. A 


'•' 


Drew, Francis A 


112 


Drummond, Jas. T 


Dry Goods 


. 300 
264 


Duels 

Duffy, Jos. .\ 
Durant, Geo. l' 


4411 


Dyer, John M 


280 

61 


E 


28 


Eads Bridge and Terminal 


515 


Fames, W. S 


110 


Earthquake 


.535 


Easton Avenue, Development of 


.-.30 


Edenborn, Wm 


39:! 


I-;hrliar,lt, J. G. Dr 


lOll^l-isenian, Beuj 


1112 


Klectricitv, Street Cars First Lighted 


■2- 


Electric Car, First Run From St. Louis 


117 


Elks Club 


97 


Ellerbrock, H. A 


20, 24 


Ellis, Heurv G 


111 


Episcopal Church, First Erected 


109 


Equitable Building 


125 


Estep, T. I? 


IS 


Estes, Frank M 



P.A.GE. 

. 84-8.5 
339 
232 

30S 
49 
61 
20 
74, 79 



GENERAL INDEX. 



571 



ving, Ma 
Lpositioi: 



Fagin Building 
Fant, Fred. \V 
Ferry, First Kstablishe 
Ferguson, D. !■: 
Ferriss, Franklin 
Field. Jas. A 
Finance and Banking 
Fire Company, First ii 
Fire-Proof Structures 
Fisher, Cleves S 
Fisher, Dan. D 

Fisse, W. E 

Fitzgibbon, James 
Flitcraft, Pembrook K 

Floods 

Force, Houston T 
Forster, O. F) 
Fordyce, Sam. W 
Foster, R. M 
Fout, Fred. \V 
Francis, D. R 
Franciscus, Jas. M 
Franciscus, J. M. Ji 
French, Pinckney 
Frost, D. M 
Kruin.J 

Fiiiikhouser, R. M 
Furniture and Chairs 
I'urniture Board of Tra 



Gain on Eastern Ci 
Gaiennie, Frank 
Gale, Arthur H 
Ganahl, John J 
Garrison, D. R 
Garrison, O. I, 
Garesche, A. J. I' 
Garesche, E. A. B 
Gas Companies am: 
Gauss, Chas. F 
Gaylord, S A 
Gehner, August 
Gibson, C. E 
Gibson, Sir Chas 
Glasgow, Wm. C 
Glenuy, John 
Glogau, Emile W 
Goldman, J. 1) 
Gordon, John S 
Gottschalk, Fred 

Gould, Jaj- 

Grand Avenue Brii 
Granite Streets 
Graves, S. C 
Greeley, Carlos S 



Thirtv Years 



PAGE. 






I'AGE. 


10(i 


Greene, F. S 




562 


•20, sr, 


Greenwood, Moses Jr 




249 




Gregg, W. H 
Griswold, J. I, 




288 
223 


!I,S 
4(18 


Grocery Trade 




17-48 


17 




H 




ITS 


Haarstick, Hy. C 




L'50 


L'lll 


Haase, Chas 




524 


.-.:i4 

S!) 
18 


Hagan, Oliver I, 

Hagerman, James 
Half-Million Buildings, T 


wenty-Six 


.5( l7 
271 
IdU 


97 


Hamniett, Benj. F 




8IS 


321 


Haudlan, A. H. Jr 




509 


■J6U 


Hardware 




48 


441 
.-p07 


HarmonieCliili 
Harper, John G 
Harris, Wm. T 




s 


17, 111 


Harrison, James 




: l.'JS 


521 


Harrigan, Laurence 




389 


881 


Hartley, Wm. 11 




461 


251 
43U 


Hauck, Louis 
Hauck, E. F 




568 
551 


408 


Haydel. F. L 




454 


;is, 175 

14!l 


Haydock.W. T 
Haves, Jos. M 




N2. 117 
171 


8-1(1 


Haynes, John 1 
Hays, Chas. M 




471 
560 


277 


Healthiest Larjje Citv in 1 


llie World 


m, 116 


•")L'7 


Hebrew Churches 




125 


3.87 


Heckel, Geo. P 




895 


36 


Hellmuth, Phil. F 




4.59 


.86 


Heller, Michael J 




456 




Hereford, J. E 




852 




Herthel, Adolpli 




820 


31 


Hezel, Walter M 




524 


■i(i, KiS 


Hibbard, H. W 




258 


Vli\ 


Hiemenz. Hv. Jr 




515 


1811 
187 


Higdon, John C 

Highest Building in St. I,^ 


nui^i 


450 

9.>< 


1811 


High School 




122 


2!l(i 


Hill, H. M 




555 


297 


Hills, W. G 




514 


89 


Hoffman, Sam'l 




442 


185 


Holmau, M. L 




482 


882 


Holthaus, Louis J 




178 


■<2. 3()(i 


Horse-Cars, Last Run Dow 


n-Town 


•Tl 


883 
1S3 


Hospes, R 
Hotels of the City 




198 
128 


812 
462 


Hough, W 
Houser. Dan. M 




520 
256 


498 


Howe. E. W 




812 


4(l(; 


Hughes, C. H 




240 


424 


Hughes, Wm. V. 




309 


461 


Humphrey, 1-. W 




187 


96 


Hunicke. Robert 




487 


112 


Hunicke, W. G 




827 


24. 2<; 

495 


Huppert, W. V. 
Huse, Wm. L 




544 

200 


146 


Hutchinson, R. R 




3(;5 



572 



GENERAL INDEX. 



I 

Illumiuatioiis 

Incorporation of St. Louis 

Indians 

Iron Industries 
Isaacs, H G 
Ives, Halsev C 



Jacksouville Southeastern 

Jacobson, Henry 

James, F. L 

Jannopoulo, I) 

Jefferson Barracks 

Jockey Club, First in the Cit\ 

Jockey Club, St. Louis 

Johnson, C. P 

Johnson, Moses P 

Jones, Geo P 
Jones, Wni. C 
Jones, Jas. C 
Jones, Breckiiiricij;e 
Joy, Chas. F 
Judson, Fred. X 



Kainie, Jas. H 
Keber.J. B 
Kehlor, Jas. B. W 
Kenna, Ed. D 
Kennard, Samuel M 
Kershaw, J. M 
Kilpatrick, Claude 
King, Goodman 
Kingsland, L. D 
Kiusella, W. J 
Kinealy, Michael 
Kinealy, J. R 
Kirchner, A. H 
Klein, Jacob 
Koenig, Wui 

Krauss, John 

Kuenzel, Andrew 
Kurtzeborn, Aug 

I. 

Laclede Building 

Lafayette 

Laidley, Leonidas H 

Lange, Wm. B 

Lange, A. P 

Langenberg, Fred. J 

Largest Brewery 

Largest Brick I'ailories 

Largest Exclusive Carpet House 

Largest Horse and Mule Market 

Largest Hardware Establishment 

Largest Inland Shoe Distributing 

Largest Jail Factory 



»AGH- 
20 



3S3 
H04 
212 
20cS 
,160 
4(59 
.501 
83 
284 
285 
337 
343 



IS 
328 
462 
.544 



Largest Jean Factory 

Largest Order for Steam Railroad Ca 
Largest Shot Tower in .America 

Largest Stamping Plant 

Largest Shoe Factory 

Largest Terra Cotta Factory 

Largest Tobacco Factory 

Largest Tobacco Output 

Largest Woodenware Factory 

Largest White Lead Factory 

Largest Woodenware Establisliiiient 

I<asher, Rob. E 

Laughlin, Hy. I) 

Law Library 

Lawrence, J. J 

Lead Industry 

Lebrecht, Juo. C 

Lee, Bradley 1) 

Leighton, Geo. E 

Lewis, Bransford 

Lewis, J. M 

Lewis, Martrom D 

Lewis, Merriweather 

Libraries, Public and Private 

Liederkrauz 

Liggett, J. E 
Liguest, Pierre Laclede 
Lindell Hotel 
Lindell Railway 
Link, Theo. C 
Lindsley, DeC. I! 
Lindsley, DeC. B. Jr 
Liouberger, J. R 
Live Stock Interests 
Livingstone, Robert R 
Lock wood, R. J 

Long, E. H 

Longan, Ed. E 
Louisville & Nash 
Lubke, Geo. W 
Lucas, Charles 
Lucas, James H 
Lucas, J. B. C 
Ludiugtou, Francis I 
Ludwig, Chas. V. F 
Luedingliaus, Hy 
Luehrman, Chas. F ^^ 

Lutz, Frank J 

Lvnch, Geo. N 



le Rail. 



M 



McClure, R. P 
McCortnick. David 
McCreery, W. C 
McCullagh, Joseph B 
McDonald, Marshall 
McKeighan, J. I-; 
McLaran, Rob. L 
McNair, John G 
McNair, Lil. G 



432 

358 
476 
224 
50 
45 
.5(15 
245 
451 



311 
525 
392 
545 
329 
320 



489 
354 



GENERAL INDEX. 



573 



Maffitt, Charles C 
Maliii, James D 
Mallinckrodt, E 
Mann, George R 

Mausur, Alvali 

Manual Training School 
Manufactures, General 
Marj' Institute 
Marquette Club 
Marshall, Wm. C 

Martin, John I 

Martin, Edward 
Martin, Tilly A 
Marriage, First in St. Louis 

Mason, Isaac M 

Masonic Charter, First iu St. Lou 

Maxon, John H 

Mayors of St. Louis 

Meier, E. F. \V 

Men's Clothing 

Merchants' Bridge and Terminal! 
Merchants' Exchange, History of 
Merchants' Exchange, Preside; 

Years 
Mercantile Club 
Mercantile Club Building 
Mercantile Library 
Mersmau, Otto L 
Merrell, J. S 
Merryman, John F 
Methodist Churches 
Meyer, C. F. G 
Meysenburg, Theo. A 
Miller, Thos. P 
Miller, L. Cass 
Missouri Bank 
Missouri Botanical Gardens 
Missouri Fire Company 
Missouri, Kansas & Texas R R 
Missouri Pacific System 
Missouri Railway Company 
Missouri Territory 
Mobile & Ohio R. R. 

Mofi5tt, John S 

Money Center, St. Louis as 
Mooney, Fletcher D 
Moore, W. G 
Morris, Thos. 
Morgan, George H 
Morton, Turner B 
Mott, Fred. \V 
Mullanphy Bank 
Municipal Finances 
Municipal Credit 
Municipal Development 
Municipal Street Sprinkliui; 
Murphy, JI. J 
Murphy, Jos 
Murphy David 
Museum of Fine .-^rts 



PACE. 


N 


p.\r.n. 


135 


Napton, C. McC 


307 


477 


Nasse, .\ug 


374 


.S2r, 


Nelson, Lewis C 


202 


4:i7 


Nelson, W. P 


498 


546 

ll!l 


New Buildings, Number of 
New Buildings, Quality of 


95 
95 


27 44 


New St. Louis, How It Was Created 


20-27 


Hit 


New Planters' House 


27, 81, 84, 100 


127 


New Route to Alton 


65 


:hi7 


New Union .Station, Description of 


66-68 


411 


Newspapers 


129 


:<14 


New Water-Works 


27 


.529 


New Water-Works at Chain of Rocks 


110 


18 


Nicholls, C. C 


522 


2.i4 


Nicholson, Peter 


192 


18 


Nidelet, J. C 


355 


199 


Niemann, Gus. W 


347 


105 


Nies, John A 


319 


4S.3 


Nolker, W. F 


33S 


35 


Noonan, E. A 


no, 112. 274 


27, 63-t>4 


Noonan, Robert M 


305 


87 


Noonday Club 


99 


liirty 


Normal School 


122 


88 


Normile.J. C 


352 


20, 126 






100 


o 




UU, 123 


O'Hara Heurv 


459 


' .n 18 


O'Reilly, Thomas 


359 


173 


O'Reilly, M. B 


421 


471 


O'Shea, Jos. M 


114 


124 


O'Sullivan, John 


424 


179 


Odd Fellows, First Lo.lgi- Established 


19 


313 


Odd Fellows' Building 


97 


4.'53 


Office Buildings, I-irc-Pr. o'^ 


26, 96 


307 


Oklahoma and .St. Louis 


46 


IS 


Oliver, Fielding 


2(13 


117 


Omnibus Lines 


70 


17 


Opp, Fred 


. .390 


58 


Orr, Isaac H 


499 


59 


Oir, Wni. A 


505 


74. 75. 77 


Orrick, John C 


362 


IS 


Orthwein, Chas. F 


252 


GO 


Ottofy, L. Frank 


3.59 


82, 214 


Overall, John H 


220 


93 






511 


P 




518 


Palmer, D. M 


511 


558 


Parks of St. Louis 


117 


S8 


Parks, Transportation to 


7.-. 


390 


Parochial Schools and Colleges 


122 


533 


Pattisou, Hugh T 


365 


m 


Pauly, P. J 


.■i3i; 


114 


Paxsou, Alf.A 


209 


ll.T 


Peckham, O. H 


386 


1115 


People's R. R 


72 


11 1 


Peterson, L 


474 


107 


Philharmonic Society 


125 


490 


Pike, Sherman B 


47! 


4ti7 


Pirie, Andrew H 


4ta 


119 


Planters Hotel 


3, 27, «1, 84, 100 



)74 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE. 

Piatt, Henry S 3GS 

Pollard, Henry M :i"l' 

Pollman, H. C -JSi 

Polytechnic Building 118 

Pontiac 1" 

Population, Largest Within Five Hundred Miles Ra- 
dius -iO 

Porter, Wm 5'"'-i 

Porter, Robert D., Superintendent of Census, on .St. 

Louis 32, 53 

Post-Dispatch 1^0 

Prather, J. G ^"il 

Prange, Fred. W 3'.I2 

Presbyterian Church, First Erected IS 

Presbyterian Churches 1-4 

President Cleveland, Visit of Ss, HI 

Priest, Henry S -I'-l 

Prosser, Thos. J "'Sd 

Public .School System l-'O 

Public School, Free System Created lii 

Pullis, Aug H,T 

Pullis, T. R 410 



Querl 



Railroad Conventions 

Railroads Centering in .St. Louis 

Railroad Supplies 

Railroads, Forecast in 1849 

Railroad Growth iu Ten Years 

Railroad and River Facilities 

Ralph, Julian, on St. Louis 

Ramsey, Charles K 

Randall, J. Harry 

Rapid Transit, The FIkIU for 

Rapid Transit, History of 

Rapid Transit, Influeuct of 

Rapid Transit and Property Values 

Realty Values 

Reis, Hy. F - 

Republic 

Retail Center, St. Louis as a 
Reyburn, Valle B 

Reynolds, Thos. F 

Reynolds, Mat. G 

Rialto Building 

Richardson, J. Clifford 

Richardson, William C 

Richardson, Jack P 

Riesmeyer, Louis T 

River Improvements 

Rivers, Arrivals and Depaitures for Twent 

Robinson, A. C 

Robinson, E. C 

Rock Church 
Rohan, Phil 
Rombauer, Rod. E 
Rood, Horace E 



r,4 

53 

53-7!) 

53, S3 

... 458 

. . 340 

•22 

70 



15, 102, 103, 104 



Roos, Leonard 

Root, Aug. K 

Rosenheim, .Alf. F 

Rowse, E. S 

Rowell, Clinton S 
Rutter, Wm. A 
Rutledge, Robt 
Ryan, O'Neil 
Ryan, Frank K 



St. Ange de Bellerive 
St. Louis Clearing House 

St. Louis Club 

St. Louis Railroad 

St. Louis Sketch Club 

St. Louis Theater Corner-Stone Laid 

St. Louis Transfer Co 

St. Louis T'niversilv 



Sad 



W. 



M 



.Samuel 
.Sauerbruun, (ieo 

Scheer, Jacob 

Scheme and Charter 

Schlegel, Robert .A 

Schmidt, Hy. A .- 

Schnelle, August H 

School, First F;iiglish in St. Louis 

School of Fine Arts 

School Trustees First .Appointed 

Schwarz, Dr. Henry 

Schott, August H 
Schotten, Hubertus 
Schunman, C. H 
Schraubstadter, Carl G 

Scott, Thos. A 

Scruggs, R. M 

Scudder, Chas 

Scudder, Rlisha G 
Scudder, Jas. W 
ScuUiu, John 
Second Baptist Clunch 

Security Building 

Shapleigh, A. F . 

Shapleigh, A. L 

Shapleigh, J. B 

Shaw, Henry 

Sheltou, Theodore 

Sherwood, Adiel 

Shultz, J. A.J 

Simmons, S. W 
Simpson, Wm. S 
Skinker, T. K 
Smith, A. J 

Smith, Ford 

Smoke .abatement Association 

Social .Advantages 

Soldan, Frank L 

Southern Hotel 

South St. Louis Railway 



\ 



I 



GENERAL INDEX. 



575 



Spanish Club 

Spauuhorst, Henry J 
Spelbrink, Louis 

Speucer, H. N 

Spiegelhalter, J 
Stauard, E O 

Star-Sayings 

Stark, Chas.B 

Steamboat, First to Reacb St. 

Steedman, I. G. W 

Stevens, A. T 

Stewart A. C 
Stifel, Otto F 
Stoddart, Thos. A 

Stoffel, R. J 

Stoves and Ranges 

Straub, Aug. W 

Street Cars, First Run 

Street Car Manufacturers 

Street Illuminations 

Street Paving 

Street Railroads, ISIIL'-O:) Com 

Street Railroads, I'irst Trip 

Suburban Railroad 

Summer Gardens 

Swasey. \V. Alljert 

Swift, \\m. H 



Tally. J. A 
Tansey, Geo. J 
Tansey, R. P 
Taussig, Geo. \V 
Taylor, D. S 
Tavlor, Isaac S 
Teichmaun, Chas. II 
Ten Broek, G. II 
Terry, J. H 
Thalniann, li 

Theaters 

The Burlington Bridges 

Thompson, Wm. H 

Thompson, Geo. II 
Thoroughman, Thomas 
Tobacco and Cigars 
Tower Grove Park 
Tra<le With Mexico 
Trade and Commerce 
Traffic Commission 
Transfer System, Introduc 

Trinity Church 

Tnholski, Herman 
Turner, T. T 
Turner, John \V 
Turner Buihliug 
Tult, Thos, K 



:i7-47 
45-0-2 



T T ■-.VOK. 

Union Club 127 

Union Trust Huildiug 9S 

Union Depot, Old 20 

I'nion Depot Railway "2, 77 

United States Bank 18 

University Club 127 

V 

Valle, Jules l' .3^9 

Valliant, L. B 301 

Vandalia Railroad (il 
Veiled Prophet 2ll, 23, 7!) 

Viernow, Gus. M >t. 434 

Vogel, Chas. F 438 

w 

Waiuwright Building 1110 

Walbridge, Cyrus P 212 

Walsh, Julius S 153 

Walsh, Edward 151 

Walker, D. D I'.m; 

Walker, Robt 30.5 

Ward, Thos. J . 443 

Warner, Chas. G 261 

Washington University Charlen d 10, lis 

Washington Observatory 1111 

Waterhouse, Sylvester 233 

Water-Works, First in City 18 

Water Service, History of 10,s 

Water Commissioners, Board of iC) 

Watson, Howard .((12 

" We Have Moved " 130 

Wehner, Chas. E 3711 

Wells. Eraslus 7|. \\\ 

Wells, Rolla 3i;3 

Wenneker, C. I' ."04 

Wenzlick, Albert 403 

West, Thos. H 226 

West, Stillman .\ 399 

Westliche Post 130 

Wetmore, M. C 82-84 

Wheat and Grain 50 

Whittemore, F. C 396 

Whittemore, R. B 382 

Whitaker, Edwards 509 

Whitman, Chas. Ed 265 

Wilkerson, Edward 254 

Williams, E. F 230 

Woerner, J. G 197 

Wolff, Geo. P 433 

Wolff, Ed. B 231 

Wveth. H. B 401 



, Jas. '. 



